Journal articles: 'Order permitting'

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Miller, Russell. "The -spectrum of a linear order." Journal of Symbolic Logic 66, no. 2 (June 2001): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695025.

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AbstractSlaman and Wehner have constructed structures which distinguish the computable Turing degree 0 from the noncomputable degrees, in the sense that the spectrum of each structure consists precisely of the noncomputable degrees. Downey has asked if this can be done for an ordinary type of structure such as a linear order. We show that there exists a linear order whose spectrum includes every noncomputable degree, but not 0. Since our argument requires the technique of permitting below a set, we include a detailed explantion of the mechanics and intuition behind this type of permitting.

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Voskresenskaya, Elena, Lybov Vorona-Slivinskaya, Yury Kazakov, and Anton Zernov. "Administrative permitting activities in town planning." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015704008.

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The article is focused on current issues concerning administrative permitting activities, which are the part of administrative activity as a whole. The field of town planning involves the interests of both business entities and people living in a particular territory. Economic development demands the effective regulation in order to attract investment in the construction sector, while people’s interest calls for fulfilling the principle of sustainable development of a territory. Thus, the administrative statutory regulation must on the one hand imply diminishing administrative burdens in order to provide the transparency and promptness of passing regulative procedures, and on the other hand be sufficient for ensuring the safety and appropriateness of development of a territory. Construction is one of vital and the most complicated sectors of the economy that is primarily aimed at providing people with residential property. To erect a residential building one needs high-quality communication lines, transport and social infrastructure. Construction of industrial parks, maintenance of existing industrial areas and transport infrastructure facilities and creation of new ones, providing people living in dilapidated dwellings with new residential space, housing resource renewal – these are the first key tasks for the authorities today. The circumstances mentioned above entail the demand for efficient administrative control over town planning sector. In this regard, the scientific comprehension of the term “administrative permitting activities” can raise the level of understanding all management processes running on the economy system, as well as the issues of exercising the powers conferred to executive public bodies acting in the related field.

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Rajapakse, Indika, and Mark Groudine. "On emerging nuclear order." Journal of Cell Biology 192, no. 5 (March 7, 2011): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201010129.

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Although the nonrandom nature of interphase chromosome arrangement is widely accepted, how nuclear organization relates to genomic function remains unclear. Nuclear subcompartments may play a role by offering rich microenvironments that regulate chromatin state and ensure optimal transcriptional efficiency. Technological advances now provide genome-wide and four-dimensional analyses, permitting global characterizations of nuclear order. These approaches will help uncover how seemingly separate nuclear processes may be coupled and aid in the effort to understand the role of nuclear organization in development and disease.

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Vitvitskyi, Sergiy, and Andriy Zakharchenko. "LEGAL PROVISION OF CONTROL FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PERMITTING SYSTEM OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS." Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 2, no. 2 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-2-2-75-86.

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The article analyzes the state of legal support for compliance with the requirements of the permitting system of the Internal Affairs. The focus is on the problematic issues that arise in the activities of the National Police in exercising such control. According to the results of the study, in order to improve the legal support of control over the observance of the requirements of the permitting system of the Internal Affairs bodies, it is proposed: 1) introduction of an approach that will provide for the authorized bodies (units) of the National Police to conduct scheduled and unscheduled inspections of compliance with the permitting system (including the establishment of an exhaustive list of grounds for unscheduled inspections), as well as detailed regulation of preparatory actions of these bodies (units) conducting such inspections; 2) consolidation of the powers of the police to apply such a measure to respond to violations of the rules at the facilities of the permitting system, as the suspension of the operation of the facility until the identified violations are eliminated; 3) specification of the provisions of the legislation regarding the range of persons in whose presence the inspections of compliance with the requirements of the permitting system are to be carried out, including employees of enterprises, institutions, organizations, natural persons-entrepreneurs responsible for acquisition (storage, transportation) of items, materials and substances covered by the permitting system; 4) determination of the procedure for seizure by the police of weapons, other items and materials covered by the permitting system, in case of detection of violations threatening public safety at the objects of the permitting system; 5) establishment of rules aimed at coordinating the activities of the National Police and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in monitoring compliance by business entities with the permitting system and compliance with licensing conditions for relevant economic activities in order to prevent these bodies from carrying out state control measures the same issues.

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Flores, Cynthia, and Derek L. Smith. "Control and stabilization of the periodic fifth order Korteweg-de Vries equation." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2018033.

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We establish local exact control and local exponential stability of periodic solutions of fifth order Korteweg-de Vries type equations in Hs(𝕋), s > 2. A dissipative term is incorporated into the control which, along with a propagation of regularity property, yields a smoothing effect permitting the application of the contraction principle.

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Kanwar, V., Saurabh Bhatia, and Munish Kansal. "New optimal class of higher-order methods for multiple roots, permitting f′(xn)=0." Applied Mathematics and Computation 222 (October 2013): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2013.06.097.

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Tolsma, Hanna Dürtge. "Improving Environmental Permitting Systems: Integrated Permits in the Netherlands." Central European Public Administration Review 12, no. 2-3 (November 6, 2014): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2014.2-3.a05.

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Environmental law originally developed in a fragmented way (sectoral legislation protecting water, soil or air). This fragmented approach towards environmental protection caused problems. Citizens and businesses applying for a permit are confronted with a range of procedures with a variety of different time limits, assessment criteria and legal remedies. Comparative law research shows that the integration of legislation in the field of environmental law is a growing trend. Policymakers feel the necessity to integrate decision-making in order to optimise the protection of the environment. The first part of this article contains a brief overview of the concept of an integrated process for the granting of environmental permits. The second part discusses the idea of environmental model 4 permit, which has been but forward in the Netherlands. It is questionable if this specific concept of integrated environmental permitting can be achieved within the constraints of Dutch administrative law.

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Sever, Tina, Vedran Đulabić, and Polonca Kovač. "Regional Analysis of Construction Permitting Procedures in Slovenia and Croatia." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 13, no. 3-4 (December 7, 2016): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01303008.

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Construction permitting and spatial regulations are important for the functioning of modern society as regards enabling basic social needs, the right to a healthy living environment and the possibility to promote business and economic growth. However, what is typical of these real life situations is a collision of several private interests and the public interest. In order to protect the latter, the state needs to set certain limitations also by means of regulations and to ensure the appropriate administrative capacity to implement them. Moreover, the right and possibility to build is important for sustainable regional development. The article addresses the profiles of Slovenia and Croatia, in particular their procedural aspects and administrative systems’ efficiency in the field of construction. The results show that both countries regulate their construction procedures similarly, with a special focus on the simplification of administrative procedures. As such, they continually try to enhance administrative capacity.

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Ryan, Kendra, Andy Danylchuk, and Adrian Jordaan. "Is Marine Spatial Planning Enough to Overcome Biological Data Deficiencies?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 20, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333218500126.

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The United States only accounts for 0.2% of the global offshore wind installed capacity despite a potential technical resource four orders of magnitude greater. A cumbersome permitting process is one of the challenges in implementing new projects. Part of this process requires biological data in order to inform assessments of environmental impacts; yet these data may be lacking for particular taxa at the required scale. Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process that often includes data identification, collection, collation and analyses components. In this paper, we conduct a collective case study of three areas with offshore wind projects located in waters managed by marine spatial plans, focusing on how data efforts inform MSP and offshore wind development. Our study finds that MSP can facilitate data efforts during the permitting phase of offshore wind projects, but that other initiatives, particularly renewable energy policies and zoning, appear critical towards establishing offshore wind.

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Ataev Shokir Quranboevich, Selimanova Svetlana Mikhailovna,. "Administrative Restrictions In The Field Of Business Activity." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.760.

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Administrative procedures in the field of entrepreneurial activity should be introduced in order to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, property, ethics, public order and safety of citizens and the environment, and the effective organization of public administration in this area.The article analyzes the procedures for liberalization, licensing and permitting of administrative procedures in the field of entrepreneurship.

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Vincendon, B., V. Ducrocq, O. Nuissier, and B. Vié. "Perturbation of convection-permitting NWP forecasts for flash-flood ensemble forecasting." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2011): 1529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1529-2011.

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Abstract. Mediterranean intense weather events often lead to devastating flash-floods. Extending the forecasting lead times further than the watershed response times, implies the use of numerical weather prediction (NWP) to drive hydrological models. However, the nature of the precipitating events and the temporal and spatial scales of the watershed response make them difficult to forecast, even using a high-resolution convection-permitting NWP deterministic forecasting. This study proposes a new method to sample the uncertainties of high-resolution NWP precipitation forecasts in order to quantify the predictability of the streamflow forecasts. We have developed a perturbation method based on convection-permitting NWP-model error statistics. It produces short-term precipitation ensemble forecasts from single-value meteorological forecasts. These rainfall ensemble forecasts are then fed into a hydrological model dedicated to flash-flood forecasting to produce ensemble streamflow forecasts. The verification on two flash-flood events shows that this forecasting ensemble performs better than the deterministic forecast. The performance of the precipitation perturbation method has also been found to be broadly as good as that obtained using a state-of-the-art research convection-permitting NWP ensemble, while requiring less computing time.

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Alhazov, Artiom, Rudolf Freund, Sergiu Ivanov, and Marion Oswald. "Relations between Control Mechanisms for Sequential Grammars1." Fundamenta Informaticae 181, no. 2-3 (August 4, 2021): 239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2058.

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We extend and refine previous results within the general framework for regulated rewriting based on the applicability of rules in sequential grammars [3]. Besides the well-known control mechanisms as control graphs, matrices, permitting and forbidden rules, partial order on rules, and priority relations on rules we also consider the new variant of activation and blocking of rules as investigated in [1, 2, 4]. Moreover, we exhibit special results for strings and multisets as well as for arrays in the general variant defined on Cayley grids of finitely presented groups. Especially we prove that array grammars defined on Cayley grids of finitely presented groups using #-context-free array productions together with control mechanisms as control graphs, matrices, permitting and forbidden rules, partial order on rules, priority relations on rules, or activation and blocking of rules have the same computational power as such array grammars using arbitrary array productions.

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Adinolfi, Marianna, Mario Raffa, Alfredo Reder, and Paola Mercogliano. "Evaluation and Expected Changes of Summer Precipitation at Convection Permitting Scale with COSMO-CLM over Alpine Space." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010054.

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There is an ongoing debate in the climate community about the benefits of convection-permitting models that explicitly resolve convection and other thermodynamical processes. An increasing number of studies show improvements in Regional Climate Model (RCM) performances when the grid spacing is increased to 1-km scale. Up until now, such studies have revealed that convection-permitting models confer significant advantages in representing orographic regions, producing high-order statistics, predicting events with small temporal and spatial scales, and representing convective organization. The focus of this work is on the analysis of summer precipitation over the Alpine space. More specifically, the driving data are downscaled using the RCM COSMO-CLM first at an intermediate resolution (12 km) over the Euro-CORDEX domain. Then, a further downscaling at 3 km, nested into the previous one, is performed over the Alpine domain to exploit the results over a complex orography context. Experiments of evaluation, historical and far future under the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario have been considered. Indices as mean precipitation, frequency, intensity, and heavy precipitation are employed in daily and hourly analyses. The results, observed from the analysis of 10 year-long simulations, provide preliminary indications, highlighting significant differences of the convection permitting simulations with respect to the driving one, especially at an hourly time scale. Moreover, future projections suggest that the convection permitting simulation refines and enhances the projected patterns, compared with the coarser resolution.

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14

Porges, Amelia. "Japan: Law and Ministerial Order Relating to the Handling of Legal Business by Foreign Lawyers." International Legal Materials 26, no. 4 (July 1987): 881–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900025924.

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On April 1, 1987, Japan's new system for regulation of activities of foreign lawyers came into effect. After considerable internal and external debate, Japan joined those other jurisdictions that have provided a regularized, limited professional status for foreign lawyers advising on foreign and international law. On May 21, the first three foreign lawyers gained approval from the Ministry of Justice. Meanwhile, in 1986–87, the District of Columbia, Michigan, Hawaii and California joined New York in permitting practice by foreign legal consultants. Similar rules are now pending in Texas as well. The California, District of Columbia and New York rules appear at I.L.M. page 977.

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Bukowski, Jennie, and Susan C. van den Heever. "Convective distribution of dust over the Arabian Peninsula: the impact of model resolution." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 2967–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2967-2020.

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Abstract. Along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, convective dust storms are a considerable source of mineral dust to the atmosphere. Reliable predictions of convective dust events are necessary to determine their effects on air quality, visibility, and the radiation budget. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to simulate a 2016 summertime dust event over the Arabian Peninsula and examine the variability in dust fields and associated vertical transport due to the choice of convective parameterization and convection-permitting versus parameterized convection. Simulations are run at 45 and 15 km grid spacing with multiple cumulus parameterizations, and are compared to a 3 km simulation that permits explicit dry and moist convective processes. Five separate cumulus parameterizations at 15 km grid spacing were tested to quantify the spread across different parameterizations. Finally, the impact these variations have on radiation, specifically aerosol heating rates is also investigated. On average, in these simulations the convection-permitting case produces higher quantities of dust than the parameterized cases in terms of dust uplift potential, vertical dust concentrations, and vertical dust fluxes. Major drivers of this discrepancy between the simulations stem from the convection-permitting case exhibiting higher surface wind speeds during convective activity; lower dust emission wind threshold velocities due to drier soil; and more frequent, stronger vertical velocities which transport dust aloft and increase the atmospheric lifetime of these particles. For aerosol heating rates in the lowest levels, the shortwave effect prevails in the convection-permitting case with a net cooling effect, whereas a longwave net warming effect is present in the parameterized cases. The spread in dust concentrations across cumulus parameterizations at the same grid resolution (15 km) is an order of magnitude lower than the impact of moving from parameterized towards explicit convection. We conclude that tuning dust emissions in coarse-resolution simulations can only improve the results to first-order and cannot fully rectify the discrepancies originating from disparities in the representation of convective dust transport.

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Dong, Yu Bing, Ming Jing Li, and Jie Li. "Research of Dynamic Target Tracking Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3601.

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An improved correlation matching algorithm is proposed in order to overcome some shortcomings of detecting the position of object accurately. A tracking algorithm with normalized cross correlation is introduced. In order to enhance the match speed, we have adopted pyramid search algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm has characteristics including automatic recognition of the object; permitting tracking and prediction when the object become shaded; the algorithm makes adaptive decision of varied object during the process of tracking.

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Lauritzen, Peter Hjort. "A Stability Analysis of Finite-Volume Advection Schemes Permitting Long Time Steps." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 2658–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3425.1.

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Abstract Finite-volume schemes developed in the meteorological community that permit long time steps are considered. These include Eulerian flux-form schemes as well as fully two-dimensional and cascade cell-integrated semi-Lagrangian (CISL) schemes. A one- and two-dimensional Von Neumann stability analysis of these finite-volume advection schemes is given. Contrary to previous analysis, no simplifications in terms of reducing the formal order of the schemes, which makes the analysis mathematically less complex, have been applied. An interscheme comparison of both dissipation and dispersion properties is given. The main finding is that the dissipation and dispersion properties of Eulerian flux-form schemes are sensitive to the choice of inner and outer operators applied in the scheme that can lead to increased numerical damping for large Courant numbers. This spurious dependence on the integer value of the Courant number disappears if the inner and outer operators are identical, in which case, under the assumptions used in the stability analysis, the Eulerian flux-form scheme becomes identical to the cascade scheme. To explain these properties a conceptual interpretation of the flux-based Eulerian schemes is provided. Of the two CISL schemes, the cascade scheme has superior stability properties.

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Rasp, Stephan, Tobias Selz, and George C. Craig. "Convective and Slantwise Trajectory Ascent in Convection-Permitting Simulations of Midlatitude Cyclones." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 10 (October 2016): 3961–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0112.1.

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Air parcel ascent in midlatitude cyclones driven by latent heat release has been investigated using convection-permitting simulations together with an online trajectory calculation scheme. Three cyclones were simulated to represent different ascent regimes: one continental summer case, which developed strong convection organized along a cold front; one marine winter case representing a slantwise ascending warm conveyor belt; and one autumn case, which contains both ascent types as well as mesoscale convective systems. Distributions of ascent times differ significantly in mean and shape between the convective summertime case and the synoptic wintertime case, with the mean ascent time being one order of magnitude larger for the latter. For the autumn case the distribution is a superposition of both ascent types, which could be separated spatially and temporally in the simulation. In the slowly ascending airstreams a significant portion of the parcels still experienced short phases of convective ascent. These are linked to line convection in the boundary layer for the wintertime case and an elevated conditionally unstable layer in the autumn case. Potential vorticity (PV) modification during ascent has also been investigated. Despite the different ascent characteristics it was found that net PV change between inflow and outflow levels is very close to zero in all cases. The spread of individual PV values, however, is increased after the ascent. This effect is more pronounced for convective trajectories.

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ADHIKARY, BISWAJIT, AMBAR GHOSAL, and PROBIR ROY. "θ13, μτ SYMMETRY BREAKING AND NEUTRINO YUKAWA TEXTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 24 (September 25, 2013): 1350118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13501182.

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Within the type-I seesaw and in the basis where charged lepton and heavy neutrino mass matrices are real and diagonal, μτ symmetric four and three zero neutrino Yukawa textures are perturbed by lowest order μτ symmetry breaking terms. These perturbations are taken to be the most general ones for those textures. For quite small values of those symmetry breaking parameters, permitting a lowest order analysis, current best-fit ranges of neutrino mass squared differences and mixing angles are shown to be accommodable, including a value of θ13 in the observed range, provided all the light neutrinos have an inverted mass ordering.

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Matthäi, Stephan K., Hamidreza M. Nick, Christopher Pain, and Insa Neuweiler. "Simulation of Solute Transport Through Fractured Rock: A Higher-Order Accurate Finite-Element Finite-Volume Method Permitting Large Time Steps." Transport in Porous Media 83, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-009-9440-z.

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Sheu, Tony W. H., S. Z. Wang, J. H. Li, and Matthew R. Smith. "Simulation of Maxwell's Equations on GPU Using a High-Order Error-Minimized Scheme." Communications in Computational Physics 21, no. 4 (March 8, 2017): 1039–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2016-0079.

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AbstractIn this study an explicit Finite Difference Method (FDM) based scheme is developed to solve the Maxwell's equations in time domain for a lossless medium. This manuscript focuses on two unique aspects – the three dimensional time-accurate discretization of the hyperbolic system of Maxwell equations in three-point non-staggered grid stencil and it's application to parallel computing through the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPU). The proposed temporal scheme is symplectic, thus permitting conservation of all Hamiltonians in the Maxwell equation. Moreover, to enable accurate predictions over large time frames, a phase velocity preserving scheme is developed for treatment of the spatial derivative terms. As a result, the chosen time increment and grid spacing can be optimally coupled. An additional theoretical investigation into this pairing is also shown. Finally, the application of the proposed scheme to parallel computing using one Nvidia K20 Tesla GPU card is demonstrated. For the benchmarks performed, the parallel speedup when compared to a single core of an Intel i7-4820K CPU is approximately 190x.

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Shapovalov, A. V., and A. I. Breev. "Symmetry operators and separation of variables in the (2 + 1)-dimensional Dirac equation with external electromagnetic field." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 05 (April 2, 2018): 1850085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818500858.

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We obtain and analyze equations determining first-order differential symmetry operators with matrix coefficients for the Dirac equation with an external electromagnetic potential in a [Formula: see text]-dimensional Riemann (curved) spacetime. Nonequivalent complete sets of mutually commuting symmetry operators are classified in a [Formula: see text]-dimensional Minkowski (flat) space. For each of the sets, we carry out a complete separation of variables in the Dirac equation and find a corresponding electromagnetic potential permitting separation of variables.

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Prasad, Vineet, Kajal Kothari, and Utkal Mehta. "Parametric Identification of Nonlinear Fractional Hammerstein Models." Fractal and Fractional 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract4010002.

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In this paper, a system identification method for continuous fractional-order Hammerstein models is proposed. A block structured nonlinear system constituting a static nonlinear block followed by a fractional-order linear dynamic system is considered. The fractional differential operator is represented through the generalized operational matrix of block pulse functions to reduce computational complexity. A special test signal is developed to isolate the identification of the nonlinear static function from that of the fractional-order linear dynamic system. The merit of the proposed technique is indicated by concurrent identification of the fractional order with linear system coefficients, algebraic representation of the immeasurable nonlinear static function output, and permitting use of non-iterative procedures for identification of the nonlinearity. The efficacy of the proposed method is exhibited through simulation at various signal-to-noise ratios.

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Wilkinson, Jonathan M. "A Technique for Verification of Convection-Permitting NWP Model Deterministic Forecasts of Lightning Activity." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 1 (January 4, 2017): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0106.1.

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Abstract This manuscript introduces a new technique for evaluating lightning forecasts from convection-permitting models. In recent years, numerical weather prediction models at the convection-permitting scales (horizontal grid resolutions of 1–5 km) have been able to produce realistic-looking forecasts of lightning activity when compared with observations. However, it is challenging to assess what value these forecasts add above standard large-scale indices. Examining this problem, it is found that existing skill scores and neighborhood verification methods are unable to cope with both the double-penalty effect and the model’s variable frequency bias. A displacement distance and a quasi-symmetric distance score are introduced based on the distance between the model and the observations, the latter showing any improvement the forecast has over a completely “hedged” forecast. This can be combined with a domain-improved contingency table and comparisons between modeled and observed lightning flashes to evaluate the forecast performance in three important dimensions: coverage, distance, and intensity. The verification metric is illustrated with a single case, which shows that the convective-scale U.K. variable resolution model (UKV) delivers improved forecasts compared with the large-scale indices in both coverage and distance. Additionally, a month-long analysis is performed, which reveals that the coverage of lightning is in good agreement with the observations; lightning is displaced by the model by a distance on the order of 50–75 km, but the model overpredicts the lightning intensity by at least a factor of 6 after observational detection efficiencies have been considered.

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Casoni, Marco, and Ernesto Benini. "A Review of Computational Methods and Reduced Order Models for Flutter Prediction in Turbomachinery." Aerospace 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8090242.

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Aeroelastic phenomena in turbomachinery are one of the most challenging problems to model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) due to their inherent nonlinear nature, the difficulties in simulating fluid–structure interactions and the considerable computational requirements. Nonetheless, accurate modelling of self-sustained flow-induced vibrations, known as flutter, has proved to be crucial in assessing stability boundaries and extending the operative life of turbomachinery. Flutter avoidance and control is becoming more relevant in compressors and fans due to a well-established trend towards lightweight and thinner designs that enhance aerodynamic efficiency. In this paper, an overview of computational techniques adopted over the years is first presented. The principal methods for flutter modelling are then reviewed; a classification is made to distinguish between classical methods, where the fluid flow does not interact with the structure, and coupled methods, where this interaction is modelled. The most used coupling algorithms along with their benefits and drawbacks are then described. Finally, an insight is presented on model order reduction techniques applied to structure and aerodynamic calculations in turbomachinery flutter simulations, with the aim of reducing computational cost and permitting treatment of complex phenomena in a reasonable time.

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Hamers, R. J., U. K. Kohler, K. Markert, and J. E. Demuth. "Probing nucleation and growth phenomena on silicon surfaces by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152112.

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Nucleation and growth processes have long been studied using diffraction technique On semiconductor surfaces, localized defects strongly affect both the electron properties of the surfaces as well as their reactivity, therby affecting nucleat and growth. In order to identify the role of local electronic structure, and surface irregularities such as steps and defects, a real-space probe of electronic structure is needed. Scanning tunneling microscopy is capable of probing both the local surface geometry and local electronic structure, permitting adsorption and chemical reactivity to be studied on an atom-by-atom basis.

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Chiba, Daina, Nils W. Metternich, and Michael D. Ward. "Every Story Has a Beginning, Middle, and an End (But Not Always in That Order): Predicting Duration Dynamics in a Unified Framework." Political Science Research and Methods 3, no. 3 (March 11, 2015): 515–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2014.46.

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There are three fundamental duration dynamics of civil conflicts: time until conflict onset, conflict duration, and time until conflict recurrence. Theoretical and empirical models of war usually focus on one or at most two aspects of these three important duration dynamics. We present a new split-population seemingly unrelated duration estimator that treats pre-conflict duration, conflict duration, and post-conflict duration as interdependent processes thus permitting improved predictions about the onset, duration, and recurrence of civil conflict. Our findings provide support for the more fundamental idea that prediction is dependent on a good approximation of the theoretically implied underlying data-generating process. In addition, we account for the fact that some countries might never experience these duration dynamics or become immune after experiencing them in the past.

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Engelbrecht, J. "Qualitative Aspects of Nonlinear Wave Motion: Complexity and Simplicity." Applied Mechanics Reviews 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120312.

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The nonlinear wave processes possess many qualitative properties which cannot be described by linear theories. In this presentation, an attempt is made to systematize the main aspects of this fascinating area. The sources of nonlinearities are analyzed in order to understand why and how the nonlinear mathematical models are formulated. The technique of evolution equations is discussed then as a main mathematical tool to separate multiwave processes into single waves. The evolution equations give concise but in many cases sufficient description of wave processes in solids permitting to analyze spectral changes, phase changes and velocities, coupling of waves, and interaction of nonlinearities with other physical effects of the same order. Several new problems are listed. Knowing the reasons, the seemingly complex problems can be effectively analyzed.

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Dougherty, Erin, and Kristen L. Rasmussen. "Variations in Flash Flood–Producing Storm Characteristics Associated with Changes in Vertical Velocity in a Future Climate in the Mississippi River Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 3 (March 2021): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0254.1.

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AbstractThe Mississippi River basin (MRB) is a flash flood hotspot receiving the most frequent flash floods and highest average rainfall accumulation of any region in the United States. Given the destruction flash floods cause in the current climate in the MRB, it is critical to understand how they will change in a future, warmer climate in order to prepare for these impacts. Recent work utilizing convection-permitting climate simulations to analyze future precipitation changes in flash flood–producing storms in the United States shows that the MRB experiences the greatest future increase in flash flood rainfall. This result motivates the goal of the present study to better understand the changes to precipitation characteristics and vertical velocity in flash flood–producing storms in the MRB. Specifically, the variations in flash flood–producing storm characteristics related to changes in vertical velocity in the MRB are examined by identifying 484 historical flash flood–producing storms from 2002 and 2013 and studying how they change in a future climate using 4-km convection-permitting simulations under a pseudo–global warming framework. In a future climate, precipitation and runoff increase by 17% and 32%, respectively, in flash flood–producing storms in the MRB. While rainfall increases in all flash flood–producing storms due to similar increases in moisture, it increases the most in storms with the strongest vertical velocity, suggesting that storm dynamics might modulate future changes in rainfall. These results are necessary to predict and prepare for the multifaceted impacts of climate change on flash flood–producing storms in order to create more resilient communities.

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BIBERAUER, THERESA, and IAN ROBERTS. "Changing EPP parameters in the history of English: accounting for variation and change." English Language and Linguistics 9, no. 1 (May 2005): 5–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674305001528.

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This article presents a novel ‘Kaynian’ analysis of Old and Middle English (OE and ME) word-order patterns in terms of which the patterns attested at the various stages of OE and ME are analysed as the output of a single grammar which, however, permits restricted types of variation. We propose that the West Germanic-like OE word orders were derived via the application of two types of ‘large XP’ movement – VP raising to SpecvP and vP raising to SpecTP – which are in fact pied-piping operations: in both cases, a DP contained within VP and vP – the object and the subject respectively – constitutes the actual Goal of movement, with the larger structure simply being pied piped along. Orders unlike West Germanic in both OE and ME, and synchronic variation more generally, are shown to be derived from the side-by-side availability in the OE and ME grammar of pied piping and ‘stranding’, and the word-order changes that occurred in ME are analysed as the consequence of a reanalysis of the ever more liberal ‘stranding’-permitting pied-piping grammar as one which specifically targets DPs.

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Pelli, Afonso, Lucio R. Castellano, Marcos R. S. Cardoso, Luís A. S. Vasconcelos, Marcos A. Domingues, Maria B. Ferreira, and Virmondes Rodrigues. "Differential reactivity of serum immunoglobulins from Brazilian wild mammals to staphylococcal A and streptococcal G proteins." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638711434322.

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Human pathogens have evolved to infect vertebrate hosts other than human beings without causing symptoms of the disease, thus permitting them to complete their life cycle and to develop into infectious forms. The identification and management of infected animals are alternatives to control dissemination of the disease and to prevent human illness. In the current study, the potential use of staphylococcal A or streptococcal G proteins was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for seroepidemiological studies. Sera were collected from animals that were representative of 23 different Brazilian wild mammals. A high protein A binding rate was observed in all animals, except for the orders Didelphimorphia, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia, in which affinity was medium or low. Affinity for streptococcal G protein was higher in animals of the order Artiodactyla, whereas no streptococcal G protein binding was observed in samples obtained from felines (order Carnivora). Bacterial protein binding to mammalian immunoglobulins was confirmed by immunoblotting. The results suggest that secondary detection systems should be better investigated in ELISA protocols before their implementation in seroepidemiological studies involving wild mammals.

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Cotsaftis, M., N. T. Gladd, and N. A. Krall. "Ion cyclotron electromagnetic wave structure in Elmo bumpy torus." Journal of Plasma Physics 34, no. 2 (October 1985): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800002798.

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The problem of ion cyclotron wave structure in EBT has been analyzed using the smallness of the inverse aspect ratio ε = a/R0 and of the inverse cavity number ε' = 1/N. The procedure is to expand in these two parameters, reducing the complete toroidal problem to a system of equations to be solved in sequence. To second order in ε and ε', this system contains two ordinary differential equations of second order and one partial differential equation with periodic coefficients in a magnetically adapted system of co-ordinates. The smallness of the mean bumpiness parameter εB reduces the problem to a single second-order differential equation which, for a parabolic density profile, is a Whittaker equation. The EM wave structure corresponds to a simple mode with only a few wavelengths across the plasma radius, permitting multi-harmonic ion cyclotron heating with interesting efficiency, as observed in experiments.

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Romero, Jose Antonio Vinagre, and Carmen De Pablos Heredero. "The Strategic Impact of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Nursing on the Managerial Function of Supervision." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 47, no. 5 (October 2013): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420130000500031.

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Clinical practice guidelines in nursing (CPG-N) are tools that allow the necessary knowledge that frequently remains specialist-internalised to be made explicit. These tools are a complement to risk adjustment systems (RAS), reinforcing their effectiveness and permitting a rationalisation of healthcare costs. This theoretical study defends the importance of building and using CPG-Ns as instruments to support the figure of the nursing supervisor in order to optimise the implementation of R&D and hospital quality strategies, enabling clinical excellence in nursing processes and cost-efficient reallocation of economic resources through their linear integration with SARs.

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Dimitrijevic, M. S., and S. Sahal-Brechot. "Stark Broadening Parameters of C IV Lines for Stellar Plasma Research." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090017024x.

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In order to complete available C IV broadening data needed for stellar plasma research, we have calculated Stark broadening parameters for 69 C IV multiplets of large principal quantum number. The results along with a discussion of the Stark broadening parameter regularities within spectral series will be published elsewhere (Dimitrijevic and Sahal–Brechot, 1992). As an example in Figs 1 and 2 the case of C IV np2P0 − 9s2S transitions, is presented. We can see that particularly for shifts the changes of Stark broadening parameters are relatively small, permitting the interpolation of new data or critical evaluation of mutual consistency of existing data.

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Noren~a, F., C. Castan~eda, and J. Iglesias. "The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Evaluation of the Seismic Capacity of Buildings in Mexico City." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585508.

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As a consequence of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, the authorities of the city have decided to evaluate the seismic capacity of the buildings without damage with the purpose of detecting those with the most vulnerability, in order to take the preventive actions necessary to improve the security of the citizens in future earthquakes. Based on the census of the structures of the city, the procedure of evaluation used considers three levels of increasing precision permitting a progressive selection of the buildings in bad condition. Work is now under process in the main districts of the city with good results.

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Rand, R. H., S. R. Lubkin, and H. C. Howland. "Analytical Model of Corneal Surgery." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891240.

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We present a model of the human cornea in order to study the changes in its shape resulting from surgical operations (e.g., radial keratotomy). A simple closed-form solution is given for a thin linearly elastic spherical shell model of the cornea. We assume axisymmetry and isotropy in the shell surface. The surgery is modeled by permitting Young’s modulus and shell thickness to depend on position. The analytical nature of the solution permits principal shell curvatures to be explicitly calculated. The model is used to in vestigate the effect of surgery on corneal flattening and the associated sensitivity to intraocular pressure changes.

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Münte, Peter. "Participation in Administrative Decision-Making: A Sequential Analysis of Announcement, Obections and Concluding Letter." Comparative Sociology 8, no. 4 (2009): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913309x461642.

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AbstractThe essay summarizes results of a case study on participation in administrative decision-making on the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This case study evolved from a research project on social positioning within communication between government officials and citizens in different legally driven participation procedures. The communication within the participatory component of the permitting procedure will be interpreted as a "communicative collision" between two parties: A public authority obliged to contribute to a legally constituted public order, and citizens who wish to discuss or negotiate the subject with authorities, or otherwise to "deconstruct" the knowledge base of the authority's decision-making.

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Dubois, Matthieu, Abdeljalil Nady, Aaron Krawitz, Thilo Pirling, and Alain Lodini. "Validation of a Finite Element Model by Neutron Diffraction for the Prediction of Peen Forming." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.760.

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In the present study, the evaluation of the deformation and the determination of the first order residual stresses in shot peened aluminium plate have been performed by neutron diffraction on the strain imaging instrument SALSA at the Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France, in order to validate a model of finite element analysis permitting to predict the final deformation. The sample used in this study is a rolled aluminium sheet (Al 2024 T3 alloy) which was clamped in a steel frame and peened following exactly the industrial production process. The first measurements were performed on the sample while it was still clamped. The second set was made after removing it from the frame. For each case, we measured the lattice strains and determined the stress repartition in the three principal directions.

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Arsouze, T., A. M. Treguier, S. Peronne, J. C. Dutay, F. Lacan, and C. Jeandel. "Modeling the Nd isotopic composition in the North Atlantic basin using an eddy-permitting model." Ocean Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-789-2010.

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Abstract. Boundary Exchange (BE – exchange of elements between continental margins and the open ocean) has been emphasized as a key process in the oceanic cycle of neodymium (Nd) (Lacan and Jeandel, 2005a). Here, we use a regional eddy-permitting resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (1/4°) of the North Atlantic basin to simulate the distribution of the Nd isotopic composition, considering BE as the only source. Results show good agreement with the data, confirming previous results obtained using the same parameterization of the source in a coarse resolution global model (Arsouze et al., 2007), and therefore the major control played by the BE processes in the Nd cycle on the regional scale. We quantified the exchange rate of the BE, and found that the time needed for the continental margins to significantly imprint the chemical composition of the surrounding seawater (further referred as characteristic exchange time) is of the order of 0.2 years. However, the timescale of the BE may be subject to large variations as a very short exchange time (a few days) is needed to reproduce the highly negative values of surface waters in the Labrador Sea, whereas a longer one (up to 0.5 years) is required to simulate the radiogenic influence of basaltic margins and distinguish the negative isotopic signatures of North Atlantic Deep Water from the more radiogenic southern origin water masses. This likely represents geographical variations in erosion fluxes and the subsequent particle load onto the continental margins. Although the parameterization of the BE is the same in both configurations of the model, the characteristic exchange time in the eddy-permitting configuration is significantly lower than the previous evaluations using a low resolution configuration (6 months to 10 years), but however in agreement with the available seawater Nd isotope data. This results highlights the importance of the model dynamics in simulating the BE process.

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Arsouze, T., A. M. Treguier, S. Peronne, J. C. Dutay, F. Lacan, and C. Jeandel. "Modeling the Nd isotopic composition in the North Atlantic basin using an eddy-permitting model." Ocean Science Discussions 7, no. 3 (May 5, 2010): 973–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-973-2010.

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Abstract. Boundary Exchange (BE – exchange of elements between continental margins and the open ocean) has recently been emphasized as a key process in the oceanic cycle of neodymium (Nd). We here use a regional eddy-permitting resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (1/4°) of the North Atlantic basin to simulate the distribution of the Nd isotopic composition, considering BE as the only source. Results show good agreement with the data, confirming previous results obtained using the same parameterization of the source in a coarse resolution global model (Arsouze et al., 2007), and therefore the major control played by the BE processes in the Nd cycle on the regional scale. We quantified the exchange rate of the BE, and found that the time needed for the continental margins to significantly imprint the chemical composition of the surrounding seawater (further referred as characteristic exchange time) is of the order of 0.2 years. However, the timescale of the BE may be subject to large variations as a very short exchange time (a few days) is needed to reproduce the highly negative values of surface waters in the Labrador Sea, whereas a longer one (up to 0.5 years) is required to simulate the radiogenic influence of basaltic margins and distinguish the negative isotopic signatures of North Atlantic Deep Water from the more radiogenic southern origin water masses. This likely represents geographical variations in erosion fluxes and the subsequent particle load onto the continental marings. These exchange times are significantly lower than the previous evaluations using a low resolution model (6 months to 10 years), but however in agreement with the available seawater Nd isotope data, highlighting the importance of the model dynamics in simulating the BE process.

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Banjai, Lehel, and Christian Lubich. "Runge–Kutta convolution coercivity and its use for time-dependent boundary integral equations." IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 39, no. 3 (June 7, 2018): 1134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imanum/dry033.

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Abstract A coercivity property of temporal convolution operators is an essential tool in the analysis of time-dependent boundary integral equations and their space and time discretizations. It is known that this coercivity property is inherited by convolution quadrature time discretization based on A-stable multistep methods, which are of order at most 2. Here we study the question as to which Runge–Kutta-based convolution quadrature methods inherit the convolution coercivity property. It is shown that this holds without any restriction for the third-order Radau IIA method, and on permitting a shift in the Laplace domain variable, this holds for all algebraically stable Runge–Kutta methods and hence for methods of arbitrary order. As an illustration the discrete convolution coercivity is used to analyse the stability and convergence properties of the time discretization of a nonlinear boundary integral equation that originates from a nonlinear scattering problem for the linear wave equation. Numerical experiments illustrate the error behaviour of the Runge–Kutta convolution quadrature time discretization.

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Raynaud, Laure, Benoît Touzé, and Philippe Arbogast. "Detection of Severe Weather Events in a High-Resolution Ensemble Prediction System Using the Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) and Shift of Tails (SOT)." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 4 (June 15, 2018): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-17-0183.1.

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Abstract The extreme forecast index (EFI) and shift of tails (SOT) are commonly used to compare an ensemble forecast to a reference model climatology, in order to measure the severity of the current weather forecast. In this study, the feasibility and the relevance of EFI and SOT computations are examined within the convection-permitting Application of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME-France) ensemble prediction system (EPS). First, different climate configurations are proposed and discussed, in order to overcome the small size of the ensemble and the short climate sampling length. Subjective and objective evaluations of EFI and SOT for wind gusts and precipitation forecasts are then presented. It is shown that these indices can provide relevant early warnings and, based on a trade-off between hits and false alarms, optimal EFI thresholds can be determined for decision-making.

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Jovanović, Boško, Sergey Lemeshevsky, and Peter Matus. "On the Stability of Differential-operator Equations and Operator-difference Schemes as t → ∞." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 2, no. 2 (2002): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2002-0010.

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AbstractFor the abstract Cauchy problem for a parabolic equation a priori estimates of the global and asymptotic stability in various energy norms have been obtained. Similar problems are also considered for the second-order equation. In the latter case, a priori estimates of the asymptotic stability by the initial data have been obtained. The corresponding estimates of the global stability for three-level operator difference schemes have been proved. Estimates of the asymptotic behavior of the solution for quasi-linear multidimensional equations with unbounded nonlinearity have been obtained. The corresponding mathematical apparatus permitting one to prove unconditional monotonicity of the difference schemes approximating nonlinear problems is presented.

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Teeter, R. G. "Optimizing Production of Heat Stressed Broilers." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 1 (January 1, 1996): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol1iss0pp129-137.

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Broiler chickens are highly susceptible to heat stress during the time at which their growth rates ought to be highest. In order to overcome the deleterious effect of heat stress, consideration has to be given to ways in which the heat production of the bird and its ability to dissipate heat are brought into balance whilst still permitting the birds to eat and grow rapidly. Methods for adjusting this balance include changes in the micro environment of the birds, alterations to heat output by variations in the timing, quantity and quality of food and enabling the bird to maximize its use of fluids for evaporative cooling.

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Lodini, Alain, and Abdelilah Benmarouane. "Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.262.

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In this paper we present two studies in order to evaluate the residual stresses in two materials. The first one, the residual stresses regenerated in shot peened aluminium plate by neutron diffraction on the strain imaging instrument SALSA at the Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France, also the validation of a model of finite element analysis permitting to predict the final deformation. The second example of this work we use the cobalt-alloys coating deposited on stainless steel forging tools via Plasma Transfer Arc (PTA) process, the evaluation of the residual stresses and characterization of phases close to substrate/coating interface were done by Synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

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Dale, Murray. "Managing the effects of extreme sub-daily rainfall and flash floods—a practitioner's perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2195 (March 2021): 20190550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0550.

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Extreme sub-daily rainfall affects flooding in the UK and urban pollution management. Water utilities in the UK need to understand the characteristics of this rainfall, and how it may change in the future in order to plan for and manage these impacts. There is also significant interest from infrastructure owners and urban authorities exposed to flood risk from short-period, intense rainfall events. This paper describes how UK flood risk guidance incorporates allowances for climate change and how recent research using convection-permitting climate models is helping to inform this guidance. The guidance documents are used by engineers and scientists in the modelling of sewer networks, smaller river catchments and urban drainage areas and provide values to ‘uplift' rainfall event data used as model inputs to reflect climate change model projections. With an increasing focus on continuous simulation modelling using time series rainfall, research into adjusting time series data to reflect future rainfall characteristics in convection-permitting climate models is discussed. Other knowledge gaps for practitioners discussed are the potential changing shape (profile) of future rainfall events and future changes in antecedent wetness conditions. The author explains the challenge of developing simple and effective guidance for practitioners from the complex scientific output. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.

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Horodowich, Elizabeth, and Alexander Nagel. "Amerasia: European Reflections of an Emergent World, 1492-ca. 1700." Journal of Early Modern History 23, no. 2-3 (May 28, 2019): 257–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342635.

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Abstract The association of America and Asia dominated the geographical imagination of Europe for well over a century after 1492. Narratives and representations of myriad texts, maps, objects, and images produced between 1450 and 1700 reveal a vision of a world where Mexico really was India, North America was an extension of China, South America was populated by a variety of biblical and Asian sites, and American cultural productions and ethnographic features colored conceptions of Asia. While the Amerasian imaginary was later suppressed by Eurocentric and colonialist narratives, here we consider various representations of Amerasia in order to bring it back into visibility. Doing so reveals various forms of mirroring at play, permitting us to understand one of the mechanisms by which Europeans assimilated a dizzying array of new knowledge to their pre-existing conceptual order, and also offering insights into early modern European conceptions of global geography and modernity.

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Watkin, Kenneth. "Use of force during occupation: law enforcement and conduct of hostilities." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 885 (March 2012): 267–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383112000513.

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AbstractThis article explores the law governing the maintenance of public order and safety during belligerent occupation. Given the potential for widespread violence associated with international armed conflict, such as occurred in 2003–2004 in Iraq, it is inevitable that military and police forces will be engaged in activities that interface and overlap. Human-rights-based norms governing law enforcement, such as the right to life, are found in humanitarian law, permitting an application of both law enforcement and conduct of hostilities norms under that body of law. This results in the simultaneous application of these norms through both humanitarian and human rights law, which ultimately enhances the protection of inhabitants of the occupied territory.

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Seidelmann, P. K. "“For Milliarcsecond or Better Accuracy”." Highlights of Astronomy 8 (1989): 465–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600008170.

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The accuracies being achieved in astrometry, celestial mechanics, Earth Orientation, ephemerides and time have been improving significantly in recent years.The introduction of the improved astronomical constants, ephemerides, time scales and nutation as adopted from 1976 to 1984 has had the desired effect of permitting the investigation of systematic effects at precisions of an order of magnitude better than previously possible.Therefore, there have been many developments in observational data, in theories, and in astronomical computations that have promised, or claimed, to deliver accuracies of a milliarcsecond or better.Working Groups had been established with interrelationships in their scopes of activities. It did not appear that any of the working groups were prepared to present final recommendations that would be generally accepted.

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Moreno-Ternero, Juan D., and John E. Roemer. "THE VEIL OF IGNORANCE VIOLATES PRIORITY." Economics and Philosophy 24, no. 2 (July 2008): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026626710800182x.

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The veil of ignorance has been used often as a tool for recommending what justice requires with respect to the distribution of wealth. We complete Harsanyi's model of the veil of ignorance by appending information permitting objective comparisons among persons. In order to do so, we introduce the concept of objective empathy. We show that the veil-of-ignorance conception of John Harsanyi, so completed, and Ronald Dworkin's, when modelled formally, recommend wealth allocations in conflict with the prominently espoused view that priority should be given to the less able in wealth allocation. We finally argue that the veil of ignorance should be rejected as a tool for discovering what justice requires.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Order permitting'

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