Academic literature on the topic 'Ordered Cluster Sampling'

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that that sustains the demands of production of healthy and safe food for the community. Bangladesh is now highly productive area for agriculture production in the world with large varieties of agriculture crops are vultivating here. The study employed ordered logistic regression to assessed the determinants of livelihood security of the organic farm households in the south-eastern coast of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in three upazilas of Chattogram district like Banskhali, Anwara and Sitakund. Multistage sampling technique was adopted for the study. Three upazilas were selected and from each selected upazila a cluster of 1-2 villages were selected at random. At the last stage 150 respondents were selected from a cluster of villages using random proportional sampling. Ordered logistic regression was applied to assess the determinants of the livelihood security. Landholding, distance access to market, possession of livestock were the significant determinants of livelihood security for the organic farm households in South-eastern coast of Bangladesh . Livelihood security of the organic farm households in coastal Bangladesh was influenced significantly by the determinants like landholding, access to market distance and possession of livestock.

Abstract In the context of a project aimed at characterizing the properties of star clusters in the Galactic bulge, here we present the determination of the internal kinematics and structure of the massive globular cluster NGC 6569. The kinematics has been studied by means of an unprecedented spectroscopic data set acquired in the context of the ESO-VLT Multi-Instrument Kinematic Survey of Galactic globular clusters, combining the observations from four different spectrographs. We measured the line-of-sight velocity of a sample of almost 1300 stars distributed between ∼0.″8 and 770″ from the cluster center. From a subsample of high-quality measures, we determined the velocity dispersion profile of the system over its entire radial extension (from ∼5″ to ∼200″ from the center), finding the characteristic behavior usually observed in globular clusters, with a constant inner plateau and a declining trend at larger radii. The projected density profile of the cluster has been obtained from resolved star counts, by combining high-resolution photometric data in the center, and the Gaia EDR3 catalog radially extended out to ∼ 20 ′ for a proper sampling of the Galactic field background. The two profiles are properly reproduced by the same King model, from which we estimated updated values of the central velocity dispersion, main structural parameters (such as the King concentration, the core, half mass, and tidal radii), total mass, and relaxation times. Our analysis also reveals a hint of ordered rotation in an intermediate region of the cluster (40″ < r < 90″, corresponding to 2r c < r < 4.5r c ), but additional data are required to properly assess this possibility.

This study aimed to generate knowledge about transition areas between phytophysiognomies for the understanding and conservation of these unique environments. Thus, the existence of different floristic groups was analyzed in a spatial gradient of an ecotone in the municipality of São Desidério, state of Bahia, Brazil. To this end, a transect of approximately 4.7 km, with orientation from Northeast to Southwest, was established along a spatial gradient. Twelve (12) 10x50 m sampling plots (500 m² each) were distributed throughout this transect. The following methodology was employed: First, the floristic similarity between the sampling plots was measured. These sampling plots were then grouped and the data were graphically presented in a dendrogram (Cluster analysis) and an ordering diagram (nMDS). Finally, the phytosociological parameters by ordered group were obtained. The results showed the presence of three floristic groups: Groups I, II and III, classified as wooded savannah, seasonal deciduous forest, and forested savannah, respectively. The floristic groups were formed gradually along the spatial gradient, and transition between phytophysiognomies does not occur abruptly, since the ordering by groups is more due to the difference between the abundance of species than to their presence and/or absence. The distribution pattern of the phytophysiognomies along the spatial gradient indicates association with abiotic factors, such as the pedological characteristics and the relief found along the transect, possibly creating an environmental gradient.

Since COVID-19 was confirmed in Bangladesh in March 2020, the government have enacted stringent measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, which has had a significant impact on people’s lives. Food consumption habits of consumers have shifted as a result of declining grocery shopping frequency, negative income shock, and food prices shooting up. This paper aims to explore Bangladeshi consumers’ buying behaviour in association with the stress generated from a food supply shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-outbreak perception of the food industry, using a dataset with 540 online samples collected between July and August 2021. A two-stage cluster sampling method and self-administrated questionnaire techniques were adopted for collecting the data during the third wave of COVID-19. Using partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) and multivariate multiple ordered logit regression (MVORD) to reveal the pertinent structure between all the blocks, this study provides two key findings. First, a higher intensity of COVID-19 impact translates into higher food stress associated with income reduction and higher food prices. Second, food stress directly affects consumer buying and consumption behaviour. We strongly recommend connecting consumers with local producers and collective use of shared warehouses through institutions, policies, and reforms to prevent disruption in the food supply chain and to keep food prices stable. Additionally, food producers, distributors, stakeholders, and policy planners should strengthen the food supply chain to stabilize food security.

Motivated by their participation in the McMaster Data-Mining and Docking Competition, the authors developed 2 new computational technologies and applied them to docking against Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase: a receptor preparation procedure that incorporates rotamer optimization of side chains and a physics-based rescoring procedure for estimating relative binding affinities of the protein-ligand complexes. Both methods use the same energy function, consisting of the all-atom OPLS-AA force field and a generalized Born solvent model, which treats the protein receptor and small-molecule ligands in a consistent manner. Thus, the energy function is similar to that used in more sophisticated approaches, such as free-energy perturbation and the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann/surface area, but sampling during the rescoring procedure is limited to simple energy minimization of the ligand. The use of a highly efficient minimization algorithm permitted the authors to apply this rescoring procedure to hundreds of thousands of protein-ligand complexes during the competition, using a modest Linux cluster. To test these methods, they used the 12 competitive inhibitors identified in the training set, plus methotrexate, as positive controls in enrichment studies with both the training and test sets, each containing 50,000 compounds. The key conclusion is that combining the receptor preparation and rescoring methods makes it possible to identify most of the positive controls within the top few tenths of a percent of the rank-ordered training and test set libraries.

The study compared reliability coefficients of tests constructed using different orderings of difficulties of test items for English language and Mathematics in the North-East, Nigeria. Experimental research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised all the 5,403 JSS 3 students of 2021/2022 academic session in the fifteen Unity schools of the zone. The sample used for experimental study consisted of three hundred and seventy-five students obtained through a combination of multi-stage and cluster sampling techniques. Two instruments (one for each of the subjects) were used for the study. Each instrument was prepared in three different formats, titled: Mathematic Achievement Test and English Language Achievement Test. Each format of the instruments was subjected to test-retest reliability. Method of data analysis was Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (PPMC). The reliability estimate that were obtained from the mathematics multiple-choice questions are as follows: FORMAT ETD (0.512), DTE (0.849) and MDI (0.718). The reliability estimate that were obtained from the English language multiple-choice questions are as follows: FORMAT ETD ETD (0.728), DTE (0.669) and MDI (0.877). The study recommends that for English Language, items ordered from easy to difficult format should be used when constructing test items; since it was the one that had the highest reliability coefficient; for Mathematics items format from difficulty to easy should be used since it has the highest reliability coefficient among the test items format.

Introduction: Family-related factors play an important role in adolescent’s addiction to the Internet. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Internet addiction and family functioning in high school students. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 796 high school students in Rasht city, Iran who were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, and the Family Assessment Device. Chi-Square test and rank-ordered logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results:The response rate of of students was 86.81%; 85.7% had at least two family members who were using the Internet; 71.2% of students had no addiction, 27.5% were exposed to Internet addiction and 1.3% had Internet addiction. The majority (65.0%) of studnets had unhealthy family functioning. The relationship between Internet addiction and family functioning was statistically significant (P=0,001). There was a significant statistical relationship between Internet addiction and family income (P= 0.003), fatherchr('39')s job (P=0.001), and duartion of internet usage per day (P=0.001). Logistic regression model showed that the family functioning score (OR=1.02, 95% CI;1.01-1.04, P=0.001), duration of Internet usage per day (OR=1.02, 95% CI;1.11-1.20, P=0.0001), and gender (male) (OR=1.02, 95% CI;1.26-2.58, P=0.001) significantly affected Internet addiction. Conclusion:Due to the direct statistical relationship between Internet addiction and family functioning, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the phenomenon of Internet addiction and make appropriate plans for adolescents and their families to use the Internet properly.

Background: Background: Recently, along with traditional economic indicators, policymakers are increasingly dealing with Subjective Well-Being (SWB) as an evaluation criterion of their performance and as an index for the population’s psychology health. This was done to define different determinants of SWB with a focus on some specific aspects of the living area. Also, this article investigateed the effect of urban and outskirts area on SWB. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study based on a structured interview and the samples (219 people ) were selected by a two-stage cluster sampling method in 2018 in Rasht city, a metropolis in Iran. In designing the local questionnaire, Gallup’s Global Emotions questionnaire has been used. Two main contributions of this study are defining culturized and proper indices for measuring SWB, and the financial status of people while Iranian people used to understate their real income. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 14.2 applying Descriptive statistics, Correlation study, Ordered Probit regression Method. Results: Results show that improving the socio-economic status of people improve SWB. Having financial satisfaction, satisfaction with leaving area, being tenure, and living in more spacious residency have positive effects on SWB. Also, the city dwellers were found to have higher SWB (5.23 out of 7) than outskirt dwellers (4.9 out of 7) while keeping the other factors to be constant. They reported the same differences in positive feelings and negative feelings indices. Conclusion: The welfare policies should be revised to improve the financial status of all people, and increase the access to urban facilities for outskirts’ dwellers.Determinants of Subjective Well-being: Do we Really Know What Makes People Happy? A Study on Rasht Metropolis, North of Iran

Nutritional signals strongly regulate neuroendocrine axes, such as those subserving release of LH, GH, and TSH, presumptively in part via the adipocyte-derived neuroactive peptide leptin. In turn, leptin release is controlled by both acute (fasting) and long-term (adipose store) nutrient status. Here, we investigate the neuroendocrine impact of short-term (2.5-day) fasting on leptin release in healthy young women studied in the steroid-replete midluteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle. Eight women each underwent 24-h blood sampling at 10-min intervals during a randomly ordered 2.5-day fasting vs. fed session in separate menstrual cycles. Pulsatile leptin release was quantified by model-free Cluster analysis, the orderliness of leptin patterns by the approximate entropy statistic, and nyctohemeral leptin rhythmicity by cosinor analysis. Mean (24-h) serum leptin concentrations fell by 4.6-fold during fasting; namely, from 15.2 ± 2.3 to 3.4 ± 0.6 μg/L (P= 0.0007). Cluster analysis identified 13.9 ± 1.1 and 14.3± 1.1 leptin peaks per 24 h in the fed and fasting states (P = NS), and unchanging leptin interpeak intervals (89 ± 5.4 vs. 92 ± 5.3 min). Leptin peak area declined by 4.2-fold (155 ± 21 vs. 37 ± 7 area units, P = 0.004), due to a reduction in incremental leptin pulse amplitude (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 1.0 ± 0.13 μg/L, P = 0.0011). The cosine amplitude and mesor (mean) of the 24-h leptin rhythm decreased by 4-fold, whereas the acrophase (timing of the nyctohemeral leptin peak) remained fixed. The approximate entropy of leptin release was stable, thus indicating preserved orderliness of leptin release patterns in fasting. Cross-correlation analysis revealed both positive (fed) and negative (fasting) leptin-GH relationships, but no leptin-LH correlations. In summary, short-term (2.5-day) fasting profoundly suppresses 24-h serum leptin concentrations and pulsatile leptin release in the sex steroid-sufficient midluteal phase of healthy women via mechanisms that selectively attenuate leptin pulse area and incremental amplitude. In contrast, the pulse-generating, nyctohemeral phase-determining, and entropy-control mechanisms that govern 24-h leptin release are not altered by acute nutrient restriction at this menstrual phase. Leptin-GH (but not leptin-LH) showed nutrient-dependent positive (fed) and negative (fasting) cross-correlations. Whether similar neuroendocrine mechanisms supervise altered leptin signaling during short-term nutrient restriction in men, children, or postmenopausal women is not known.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran prakarya, khususnya pada materi pelajaran kerajinan limbah kain perca dan mengetahui pemanfaatan limbah kain perca menjadi produk kerajinan tangan kain perca sarung kotak tisu dan mengetahui kualitas estetis karya kerajinan tangan kain perca sarung kotak tisu yang dihasilkan siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Beringin Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan sampel 20 karya kerajinan kain perca sarung kotak tisu siswa kelas VII yang diambil menggunakn teknik Cluster Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan tes membuat karya kerajinan kain perca sarung kotak tisu. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis deskriptif.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan siswa telah menghasilkan karya kerajinan limbah kain perca berupa sarung kotak tisu. Secara keseluruhan tingkat kualitas estetis karya kerajinan kain perca pada kelas VII-1 SMP Negeri 1 Beringin Kabupaten Deli Serdang yaitu dari aspek bentuk, warna, ornamen/hiasan, dan nilai fungsi dikategorikan cukup baik. Dari aspek bentuk kerajinan secara umum memperoleh jumlah nilai rata-rata cukup baik karena, secara keseluruhan bentuk dari karya kerajinan sarung kotak tisu siswa belum tersususn secara baik dalam kesatuan yang harmonis dan bentuk yang sempurna. Aspek warna secara umum memperoleh nilai rata-rata cukup baik, karena secara keseluruhan warna dari karya kerajinan sarung kotak tisu siswabelum terdapat warna yang harmonis dan kesesuaian warna dengan unsur lain. Aspek ornamen atau hiasan secara umum memperoleh jumlah nilai rata-rata cukup baik, karena secara keseluruhan ornamen atau hiasan dari karya kerajinan sarung kotak tisu siswa tampak kurang rapi, unik, menarik dan harmonis dengan unsur lain. Dan aspek nilai fungsi secara umum memperoleh jumlah nilai rata-rata cukup baik, namun secara keseluruhan nilai fungsi dari karya kerajinan sarung kotak tisu siswa sudah memiliki nilai fungsi yang ergonomis.Kata Kunci: nilai estetis, kerajinan, kain percaAbstractThis study aims to improve students’ learning achievement at the craft lesson, especially for the lesson material about the handicraft made of rag and to find out the use of the rag in order to make one handicraft product, namely sarong tissue boxes and to find out the aesthetic quality of sarong tissue boxeshandicraft made of rag, which is made by students of seventh (VII) grade of SMP Negeri 1 Beringin Deli Serdang. The study used qualitative research design with 20 products of rag sarong tissue boxes made by seventh (VII) grade students which is taken by using cluster random sampling technigue. The instrument of the study use a test how to make rag sarong tissue boxes. The technigue of data analysis is descriptive analysis. Based on the research finding, it is concluded that all the students made rag sarong tissue boxes handicraft the level 07. The aesthetic quality on them made by VII-1 classs SMP Negeri 1 Beringin Deli Serdang which consist of some aspects, namely shape, colour, ornament/decoration, and function value can be categoryzed at fair level. From the shape aspect totally is got the fair score because the shape of all rag sarong tissue boxes have ast been ordered well in harmonious unity and perfect form. The colour aspect is got the fair score, because totally the colour of students’ rag sarong tissue boxes handicraft have not used harmonious calour and unmatching colour to another element. Overall, the ornament aspect or decoration got fair score, because all the ornaments or the decoration of students’ rag sarong tissue boxes handicraft looked less neat, less unigue and less atractive and less harmonic to another element and the function value aspect got fair score but overall the function value of the students’ rag sarong tissue boxes already had ergnoic function value.Keywords: aesthetic value, patchworks craft