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1
Li, Yang. "An Empirical Analysis of Family Cost of Children : A Comparison of Ordinary Least Square Regression and Quantile Regression." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Statistics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126660.
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Quantile regression have its advantage properties comparing to the OLS model regression which are full measurement of the effects of a covariate on response, robustness and Equivariance property. In this paper, I use a survey data in Belgium and apply a linear model to see the advantage properites of quantile regression. And I use a quantile regression model with the raw data to analyze the different cost of family on different numbers of children and apply a Wald test. The result shows that for most of the family types and living standard, from the lower quantile to the upper quantile the family cost on children increases along with the increasing number of children and the cost of each child is the same. And we found a common behavior that the cost of the second child is significantly more than the cost of the first child for a nonworking type of family and all living standard families, at the upper quantile (from 0.75 quantile to 0.9 quantile) of the conditional distribution.
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Amir, Daban. "Kenyas export till samtliga handelspartner - påverkande faktorer? : En empirisk analys på makronivå med tillämpning av gravitationsmodellen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35622.
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Tidigare studier visar att ökad handel spelar en tydlig roll för ett lands ekonomiska tillväxt. Genom att träda in på den globala marknaden öppnas många möjligheter för ökad handel och nya arbetstillfällen. Utrikeshandeln är betydelsefull för små öppna ekonomier som till exempel Kenya och bör utgöra en stor del av landets BNP. I och med detta är det viktigt att studera vilka faktorer som påverkar ett lands utrikeshandel. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar Kenyas export. Analysen visar att handelspartnernas BNP har en betydande påverkan på Kenyas export. Det geografiska avståndet har en negativ påverkan på Kenyas utrikeshandel. De regionala handelsavtalen har som förväntat en positiv påverkan på exporten.
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Nevarez, Martinez Deyanira. "Identifying Housing Patterns in Pima County, Arizona Using the DEYA Affordability Index and Geospatial Analysis." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/576108.
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When the Fair Housing Act of 1968 was passed 47 years ago, the United States was in the midst of the civil rights movement and fair housing was identified as a pillar of equality. While, progress has been made, there is much work that needs to be done in order to achieve integration. As a country, the United States is a highly segregated country. It is important to understand the factors that contribute to this and it is important to understand the relationships that exists between them in order to attempt to solve the problem. While the legal barriers to integration have been lifted choices continue to be limited to families of color that lack the resources to live in desirable neighborhoods. The ultimate goal of this study is to examine the relationship between the impact of individual indicators and housing patterns in the greater Tucson/Pima county region. An affordability index, the DEYA index, was created to determine where affordability is at its highest. The index includes different weights for foreclosure, Pima County spending on affordable housing, the existence of Pima County general obligations bond affordable housing projects, land value and inclusion in the community land trust. Once this was determined a regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between affordability and individual factors that may be affecting integration. The indicators used were broken down into 3 categories: the categories were education, housing and neighborhoods and employment and economic health.
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Forslind, Fanni. "The Effect of Immigration on Income Distribution : A Comparative Study of Ordinary Least Squares and Beta Regression." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433098.
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The purpose of this study is to estimate the relationship between income inequality and immigration in Sweden. To do so, data from the data base Kolada with observations from all 290 municipalities in Sweden is used. As a proxy for income distribution the Gini coefficient is used and as a proxy for immigration the share of foreign born of working age is used. The model also controls for income tax, education level and unemployment level. The dependent variable the Gini coefficient is bounded by a unit interval and it is therefore not possible to simply run a linear regression. Such a model could potentially predict outside the interval. To properly estimate the relationship two approaches are made. Firstly a model is estimated with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) after the dependent variable is transformed on to the real line through log-odds. Then a model is estimated using beta regression. The study concludes that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between income inequality and immigration in Sweden. The OLS estimated model shows that a 1 unit increase in immigration, on average increases the log-odds of 0.28336 units, ceteris paribus. Beta regression provides perhaps more intuitive results. If immigration increases with 1% the income inequality increases with on average 0.1046%, ceteris paribus. Because of the easier interpretation, among other things, beta regression is determined to be a better estimation method in this study.
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Kronenberg, Kai. "ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS ON INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEMAND IN ÅRE – AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för turismvetenskap och geografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19249.
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The objective of this study is to estimate advertising effects on international tourismdemand for the leading Swedish winter destination, Åre. The increasing share of foreigninbound tourists in this destination region creates a strong interest by shareholders toidentify the factors responsible for this trend. According to traditional micro-economictheory, economic factors, such as income and price, are considered as main determinantsfor tourism demand (Song and Witt 2000). However, according to advertising theories(Comanor and Wilson, 1974) and previous tourism research (Bhagwat and Debruine, 2008;Divisekera and Kulendran, 2006), this study additionally focuses on the brand awarenessof Åre as perceived by international tourists. More concretely, advertising theoriesdistinguish between the brand and the information function of advertising (Nelson, 1974).The former function follows the idea that advertising increases the level of productdifferentiation to build up a base of loyal customers. By contrast, the information functionimplies that advertising primarily provides information about products in order to increasethe market transparency. Accordingly, in order to estimate the impact of advertisingexpenditures for off- and online channels as well as promotional activities, furtherexplanatory variables, e.g. mega events, are considered in this study (Salman, 2003; Songet al., 2010). By applying ordinary least square (OLS) methods, demand elasticitycoefficients are estimated for each of the sending countries Norway, Finland, Russia,Denmark and the UK. Results show that advertising is the main significant driver oftourism demand from the UK, Russia and Finland, while a comparably weak advertisingleverage can be shown for Denmark and Norway. Interestingly, in contrast to microeconomictheories tested in previous research, income and tourism price levels reveal asbeing less significant drivers for demand in all analysed tourism markets. In turn, theresults provide evidence that the increased usage of online channels most significantlyaffects consumers’ buying behaviour. Finally, with respect to brand image perception,results reveal that the destination of Åre is perceived as a brand by tourists from Denmark.Moreover, for customers from the countries Norway and Finland, Åre indicates a weakbrand perception, while tourists from Russia and the UK don’t perceive Åre as a brand atall. The results gained by this research conducted at the level of the tourism destinationprovide useful hints about the factors influencing travel behaviour of tourists from maininternational markets. The study supports destination managers to appropriately adjustmarketing campaigns according to the predominant level of brand perception in respectivesending countries.KK-Foundation project ‘Engineering the Knowledge Destination’ (no. 20100260; Stockholm, Sweden).
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Peres, Ariádine. "Restrições ao crédito e o uso dos recursos financeiros nas empresas brasileiras." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98311.
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Este estudo têm como objetivo identificar qual o comportamento de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto com relação à aplicação dos recursos financeiros de seus fluxos de caixa (recursos internos) em investimentos e não investimentos (em fins que não se configuram como um projeto real de investimento) no curto e longo prazo e mostrar como essa questão está relacionado com o grau de restrições financeiras enfrentado pelas empresas. Para alcançar esse objetivo foram estimadas quatro regressões pelo método OLS (Ordinary Least Square / Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários), cada uma delas com uma das variáveis resposta correspondentes aos principais usos de caixa, ou seja, retenção de caixa, investimentos, dividendos e redução do financiamento externo e com as variáveis explicativas dadas pelo fluxo de caixa nos períodos t, t-1 e t-2 e algumas variáveis de controle específicas da firma. Os resultados sugerem que empresas brasileiras restritas e irrestritas se comportam de forma diferente ao receberem um choque positivo em seus fluxos de caixa e que o comportamento das mesmas também difere no curto e no longo prazo. Empresas restritas e irrestritas ao receberem um choque positivo em seus fluxos de caixa, retêm caixa no período contemporâneo e alocam tais recursos intertemporalmente. Empresas restritas investem mais no curto prazo enquanto as irrestritas investem mais no longo prazo. No curto prazo, empresas irrestritas distribuem mais dividendos do que empresas irrestritas e no longo prazo, os coeficientes dos fluxos de caixa não são significativos para nenhum dos grupos. No curto prazo empresas irrestritas reduzem o financiamento externo, enquanto empresas restritas levantam mais financiamentos externos e no longo prazo, esse comportamento se inverte. Dessa forma, fica clara a importância de se considerar o longo prazo bem como as restrições financeiras enfrentadas pelas empresas.This study aim to identify what is the behaviour of Brazilian public companies regarding the use of financial resources of cash flows (internal resources) in investments and not investments (for purposes that are not configured as a real investment project) in the short and long term and show how this is related to the degree of financial constraints faced by firms. To achieve this aim, four regressions were estimated by OLS ( Ordinary Least Square), each with one of the response variables corresponding to the main uses of cash, ie , cash holding, investments, dividends and external finance reduction and the explanatory variables given by the cash flow in periods t , t - 1 and t - 2 and some control variables specific of the firm. The results suggest that restricted and unrestricted Brazilian companies behave differently when they receive a positive shock on cash flows and their behavior also differs in the short and long term. When constrained and unconstrained firms receive a positive impact on cash flows, they retain cash in the contemporary period and intertemporally allocate such resources. Constrained firms invest more in the short term while the unrestricted invest more in the long run. In the short term, unconstrained firms distribute more dividends than unconstrained firms and in the long run, the coefficients of cash flows are not significant for either groups. In the short term unconstrained firms reduce external finance, while constrained firms raise more external finance and in the long term, this behavior is reversed. Thus, it is clear that it matters to consider the long term as well as financial constraints faced by firms.
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Can, Mutan Oya. "Comparison Of Regression Techniques Via Monte Carlo Simulation." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605175/index.pdf.
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The ordinary least squares (OLS) is one of the most widely used methods for modelling the functional relationship between variables. However, this estimation procedure counts on some assumptions and the violation of these assumptions may lead to nonrobust estimates. In this study, the simple linear regression model is investigated for conditions in which the distribution of the error terms is Generalised Logistic. Some robust and nonparametric methods such as modified maximum likelihood (MML), least absolute deviations (LAD), Winsorized least squares, least trimmed squares (LTS), Theil and weighted Theil are compared via computer simulation. In order to evaluate the estimator performance, mean, variance, bias, mean square error (MSE) and relative mean square error (RMSE) are computed.
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Santos, Levi Alã Neves dos. "Mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO) na produção científica brasileira: a interdisciplinaridade entre a econometria e as metrias da informação (bibliometria, informetria e cientometria)." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2017. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25329.
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Analisa a produção científica brasileira (artigos nacionais, artigos internacionais, anais de eventos e livros) através dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). Para tanto, discorre sobre o percurso histórico e de aplicação das metrias que a Ciência da Informação (CI) vem construindo, desde a mais primordial de todas, a bibliometria, oriunda da biblioteconomia, passando pelas visões modernas como a cienciometria até a informetria. Explica como a econometria constrói o seu modelo de análise, que é utilizado para pesquisas na economia e, ao mesmo tempo, reflete como esse método pode ser trazido para as metrias da informação. Explica e expõe o método de estimação por MQO para a análise de regressão, que é a proposta desta tese. Pesquisa aplicada descritiva com abordagem quantitativa com procedimentos baseados no tipo de pesquisa estudo de caso do levantamento de dados a partir do Portal do Plano Tabular do CNPq do ano de 2010. Os critérios para delineamento da pesquisa foram aprofundados, na revisão de literatura, em referências tanto da área da CI quanto da bibliometria, estatística e econometria. Este estudo, metodologicamente, conta com a abordagem conceitual da bibliometria e da CI em busca de teorias aplicáveis aos estudos em MQO e a aplicação empírica do MQO se aproxima da concepção econométrica. A tese conclui que a utilização de técnicas de análises das funções de regressão construída por meio de MQO possibilita a criação de um modelo de previsão da produção científica brasileira. Esse modelo é construído a partir da correlação e determinação detectada entre o número de doutores e a produção científica destes em cada estado do Brasil. Com a aplicação de estratégias econométricas (índice de correlação, índice de determinação, forma funcional de curva de regressão e cálculo dos parâmetros da função por MQO), foi possível construir um modelo de previsão.
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Haubeltova, Libuse. "Case study of Airbnb listings in Berlin : Hedonic pricing approach to measuring demand for tourist accommodation characteristics." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29979.
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The main purpose of this degree project is to reveal the Airbnb customer’s preferences and quantify the impact of non-market factors on the market price of tourist accommodation in Berlin, Germany. The data retrieved from Airbnb listings, publicly available on Inside Airbnb (2017), was supplemented on indicator of sharing economy accommodation using machine learning method in order to distinguish between amateur and business-running professional hosts. The main aim is to examine the consumers’ preferences and quantify the marginal effect of "real sharing economy" accommodation and other key variables on market price. This is accomplished by model approach using hedonic pricing method, which is used to estimate the economic value of particular attribute. Surprisingly, our data indicates the negative impact of sharing economy indicator on price. The set of motivations of consumers, which determine their valuation of Airbnb listings, was identified. The trade-off between encompass and parsimony of the set was desired in order to build an effective model. Calculation of proportion of explained variance showed that the price is affected mainly by number of accommodated persons, degree of privacy, number of bedrooms, cancellation policy, distance from the city centre and sharing economy indicator in decreasing order.
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Deng, Kefu. "The value and validity of software effort estimation models built from a multiple organization data set." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/473.
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The objective of this research is to empirically assess the value and validity of a multi-organization data set in the building of prediction models for several ‘local’ software organizations; that is, smaller organizations that might have a few project records but that are interested in improving their ability to accurately predict software project effort. Evidence to date in the research literature is mixed, due not to problems with the underlying research ideas but with limitations in the analytical processes employed: • the majority of previous studies have used only a single organization as the ‘local’ sample, introducing the potential for bias • the degree to which the conclusions of these studies might apply more generally is unable to be determined because of a lack of transparency in the data analysis processes used. It is the aim of this research to provide a more robust and visible test of the utility of the largest multi-organization data set currently available – that from the ISBSG – in terms of enabling smaller-scale organizations to build relevant and accurate models for project-level effort prediction. Stepwise regression is employed to enable the construction of ‘local’, ‘global’ and ‘refined global’ models of effort that are then validated against actual project data from eight organizations. The results indicate that local data, that is, data collected for a single organization, is almost always more effective as a basis for the construction of a predictive model than data sourced from a global repository. That said, the accuracy of the models produced from the global data set, while worse than that achieved with local data, may be sufficiently accurate in the absence of reliable local data – an issue that could be investigated in future research. The study concludes with recommendations for both software engineering practice – in setting out a more dynamic scenario for the management of software development – and research – in terms of implications for the collection and analysis of software engineering data.
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Robacker, Thomas C. "Comparison of Two Parameter Estimation Techniques for Stochastic Models." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2567.
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Parameter estimation techniques have been successfully and extensively applied to deterministic models based on ordinary differential equations but are in early development for stochastic models. In this thesis, we first investigate using parameter estimation techniques for a deterministic model to approximate parameters in a corresponding stochastic model. The basis behind this approach lies in the Kurtz limit theorem which implies that for large populations, the realizations of the stochastic model converge to the deterministic model. We show for two example models that this approach often fails to estimate parameters well when the population size is small. We then develop a new method, the MCR method, which is unique to stochastic models and provides significantly better estimates and smaller confidence intervals for parameter values. Initial analysis of the new MCR method indicates that this method might be a viable method for parameter estimation for continuous time Markov chain models.
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Ullah, Obaid. "The Effect of Remittances on Socio-Economic Condition and Decision Making Process of Rural Families : A Case Study of Peshawar Khyber Pukhunkhuwa Pakistan." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28199.
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The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of remittances on socio-economic conditions of rural families in Peshawar, and how remittances change the decision-making process of families. This study examines the effects of remittances on local population in three towns of Peshawar, i.e. Hayatabad, Faqir-Abad and Gulberg-area. The study is basically conducted to see how remittances bring changes in the life of the recipients. The research is quantitative, data was collected through questionnaires. For the research, a sample of 300 respondents was selected from three towns in Peshawar District. The results of the research were interpreted through statistical tools, regression model. The Ordinary least square method (OLS) was used to find out the effect of remittances on health sector and investment made by respondents in the form of purchased property and investment made in establishing their own businesses. Along with that, the simple Logit Model was also used. The result is generalized on linear model with link logit and binomial response. Findings stated that the literacy level of the emigrant’s household positively impacted on children’s probability to move to private education. The results reveals that the recipient invest 4% of their income on investment as a form of business and purchasing property while educated people appears not to be interested in investing money in businesses as they want to continue their jobs. Respondent are not using a large portion of their remittances for health perhaps mostly people are entitled to free services from the government. Remittances changed their standard of living and socio economic affairs of the remittances receiving respondents. According to my demographic information about respondents life, the remittances mostly brings changes in the physical part of people life such as Private Education, Personal transport, new houses, investment in buying properties, more electric appliances, bank balance etc., but culturally people are still conservative and believe in cultural values that have been practices by local population for centuries. Following are some main recommendations that this research has identified, Foreign remittances are improving the socio-economic conditions and decision making of rural families, however, their consumption behavior is not inclined towards investment, they rather prefer to enjoy luxurious household’s equipment. Therefore, it is recommended that these families should utilize their resources in more efficient way, and should go for short and long term investment avenues. Government must design policies in order to educate these families and create awareness among them that will enable them to look for sustainable domestic income, which would help the families in the long run. These families follow the norms and traditions, and they prefer sending their children abroad for earning purposes, which in turn is comparatively less profitable idea as compared to sending these children for higher education purpose.
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Jobst, Mark G., and Jeffrey Palmer. "An analysis of the USMC FITREP: contemporary or inflexible?" Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2210.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedThe purpose of this thesis is threefold. Firstly, to attempt to provide validity for the two-sided matching process; secondly, analyze FITREP attributes to determine their suitability for a weighted criteria evaluation system and; thirdly, compare the USMC promotion and assignment process with contemporary human resource management practices. Using data from the USMC Officer Accession Career file (MCCOAC), a logit model is used to estimate the effects of TBS preference and other officer characteristics on retention to the seven year mark. Findings indicate that there was little difference in the probability of retention throughout most preference levels except for the bottom sixth. Using USMC FITREP data, an ordinary least squares model is used to estimate the effects of rank and MOS on FITREP scores across all attributes. Multiple comparison tests demonstrated that there are statistical differences at the 0.05 level between the means of the MOSs. Additionally, reporting creep is continuing across all attributes. Surveys were also conducted. The first survey indicated that USMC officers believe the FITREP attributes were not all equally important within, and across each MOS - although the USMC assesses them as such. The second survey indicated that the USMC promotion and assignment process can be strengthened through a clearly defined HRM plan that extends beyond 'faces' and 'places', and provides very clear links to the organizational strategy. Based on the findings it is recommended that the USMC review its HRM processes and conduct further analyses on the FITREP data for: (1) correlation, (2) longitudinal analysis as a predictor for success and, (3) relevance and relationship to MOS characteristics, position descriptions, and organizational strategy.
Major, Royal Australian Infantry Corps
Major, United States Marine Corps
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Ntshobane, Gcobisa. "Capital structure and determinants of capital structure, before, during and after the 2008 financial crisis: A South African study." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33941.
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This study examines the effects of 2007/8 financial crisis on capital structure determinants of Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies in South Africa. Data extracted from INET BFA Expert database was analyzed using regression models on the correlation between the leverage and company size, growth, profitability, tangibility, liquidity, non-debt tax shield along with Ordinary Least Squares based on the sample of JSE listed companies for the period of 2004 to 2013. The study examined two industries namely, Real estate and Retail industry. The results show that size, tangibility, profitability and liquidity have significant impact on the capital structure before, during and after financial crisis. Growth results were inconsistent over the period under review, and non-debt tax shield was found to be statistically insignificant. The study also shows that the 2007/8 had statistical significance on the capital structure of the listed companies in South Africa.
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Gaspard, Guetchine. "FLOOD LOSS ESTIMATE MODEL: RECASTING FLOOD DISASTER ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION FOR HAITI, THE CASE OF GONAIVES." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1236.
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This study aims at developing a model to estimate flood damage cost caused in Gonaives, Haiti by Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. In order to reach this goal, the influence of income, inundation duration and inundation depth, slope, population density and distance to major roads on the loss costs was investigated. Surveyed data were analyzed using Excel and ArcGIS 10 software. The ordinary least square and the geographically weighted regression analyses were used to predict flood damage costs. Then, the estimates were delineated using voronoi geostatistical map tool. As a result, the factors account for the costs as high as 83%. The flood damage cost in a household varies between 24,315 through 37,693 Haitian Gourdes (approximately 607.875 through 942.325 U.S. Dollars). Severe damages were spotted in the urban area and in the rural section of Bassin whereas very low and low losses are essentially found in Labranle. The urban area was more severely affected by comparison with the rural area. Damages in the urban area are estimated at 41,206,869.57USD against 698,222,174.10 17,455,554.35USD in the rural area. In the urban part, damages were more severe in Raboteau-Jubilée and in Downtown but Bigot-Parc Vincent had the highest overall damage cost estimated at 9,729,368.95 USD. The lowest cost 7,602,040.42USD was recorded in Raboteau. Approximately, 39.38% of the rural area underwent very low to moderate damages. Bassin was the most severely struck by the 2004 floods, but Bayonnais turned out to have the highest loss cost: 4,988,487.66 USD. Bassin along with Labranle had the least damage cost, 2,956,131.11 and 2,268,321.41 USD respectively. Based on the findings, we recommended the implementation and diversification of income-generating activities, the maintenance and improvement of drains, sewers and gullies cleaning and the establishment of conservation practices upstream of the watersheds. In addition, the model should be applied and validated using actual official records as reference data. Finally, the use of a calculation-based approach is suggested to determine flood damage costs in order to reduce subjectivity during surveys.
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Hu, Yajie. "Exploring Equity and Resilience of Transportation Network through Modeling Travel Behavior: A Study of OKI Region." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554212469614412.
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Weng, Lichen. "A Hardware and Software Integrated Approach for Adaptive Thread Management in Multicore Multithreaded Microprocessors." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/653.
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The Multicore Multithreaded Microprocessor maximizes parallelism on a chip for the optimal system performance, such that its popularity is growing rapidly in high-performance computing. It increases the complexity in resource distribution on a chip by leading it to two directions: isolation and unification. On one hand, multiple cores are implemented to deliver the computation and memory accessing resources to more than one thread at the same time. Nevertheless, it limits the threads’ access to resources in different cores, even if extensively demanded. On the other hand, simultaneous multithreaded architectures unify the domestic execu- tion resources together for concurrently running threads. In such an environment, threads are greatly affected by the inter-thread interference. Moreover, the impacts of the complicated distribution are enlarged by variation in workload behaviors. As a result, the microprocessor requires an adaptive management scheme to schedule threads throughout different cores and coordinate them within cores.
In this study, an adaptive thread management scheme was proposed, integrating both hardware and software approaches. The instruction fetch policy at the hardware level took the responsibility by prioritizing domestic threads, while the Operating System scheduler at the software level was used to pair threads dynami- vi cally to multiple cores. The tie between them was the proposed online linear model, which was dynamically constructed for every thread based on data misses by the regression algorithm. Consequently, the hardware part of the proposed scheme proactively granted higher priority to the threads with less predicted long-latency loads, expecting they would better utilize the shared execution resources. Mean- while, the software part was invoked by such a model upon significant changes in the execution phases and paired threads with different demands to the same core to minimize competition on the chip. The proposed scheme was compared to its peer designs and overall 43% speedup was achieved by the integrated approach over the combination of two baseline policies in hardware and software, respectively. The overhead was examined carefully regarding power, area, storage and latency, as well as the relationship between the overhead and the performance.
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Makuria, Abis Getachew. "The relationship between inflation and economic growth in Ethiopia." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13633.
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The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between inflation
and economic growth in Ethiopia using quarterly dataset from 1992Q1 to 2010Q4. In
doing so, an interesting policy issue arises. What is the threshold level of inflation for the
Ethiopian economy? Based on the Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests it is
found out that there is a positive long-run relationship between inflation and economic
growth. The error correction models show that in cases of short-run disequilibrium, the
inflation model adjusts itself to its long-run path correcting roughly 40% of the
imbalance in each quarter. In addition, based on the conditional least square technique,
the estimated threshold model suggests 10% as the optimal level of inflation that
facilitates growth. An inflation level higher or lower than the threshold level of inflation
affects the economic growth negatively and hence fiscal and monetary policy
coordination is vital to keep inflation at the threshold.Economics
M. Com. (Economics)
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Bhattacharya, Indranil. "Feature Selection under Multicollinearity & Causal Inference on Time Series." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3980.
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In this work, we study and extend algorithms for Sparse Regression and Causal Inference problems. Both the problems are fundamental in the area of Data Science.
The goal of regression problem is to nd out the \best" relationship between an output variable and input variables, given samples of the input and output values. We consider sparse regression under a high-dimensional linear model with strongly correlated variables, situations which cannot be handled well using many existing model selection algorithms. We study the performance of the popular feature selection algorithms such as LASSO, Elastic Net, BoLasso, Clustered Lasso as well as Projected Gradient Descent algorithms under this setting in terms of their running time, stability and consistency in recovering the true support. We also propose a new feature selection algorithm, BoPGD, which cluster the features rst based on their sample correlation and do subsequent sparse estimation using a bootstrapped variant of the projected gradient descent method with projection on the non-convex L0 ball. We attempt to characterize the efficiency and consistency of our algorithm by performing a host of experiments on both synthetic and real world datasets.
Discovering causal relationships, beyond mere correlation, is widely recognized as a fundamental problem. The Causal Inference problems use observations to infer the underlying causal structure of the data generating process. The input to these problems is either a multivariate time series or i.i.d sequences and the output is a Feature Causal Graph where the nodes correspond to the variables and edges capture the direction of causality. For high dimensional datasets, determining the causal relationships becomes a challenging task because of the curse of dimensionality. Graphical modeling of temporal data based on the concept of \Granger Causality" has gained much attention in this context. The blend of Granger methods along with model selection techniques, such as LASSO, enables efficient discovery of a \sparse" sub-set of causal variables in high dimensional settings. However, these temporal causal methods use an input parameter, L, the maximum time lag. This parameter is the maximum gap in time between the occurrence of the output phenomenon and the causal input stimulus. How-ever, in many situations of interest, the maximum time lag is not known, and indeed, finding the range of causal e ects is an important problem. In this work, we propose and evaluate a data-driven and computationally efficient method for Granger causality inference in the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model without foreknowledge of the maximum time lag. We present two algorithms Lasso Granger++ and Group Lasso Granger++ which not only constructs the
hypothesis feature causal graph, but also simultaneously estimates a value of maxlag (L) for each variable by balancing the trade-o between \goodness of t" and \model complexity".
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Jing, Chu. "Chinese cross-listing corporations performance study - focus on U.S. and Mainland China markets." Thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21753.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of cross-listing on companies' performance. It is divided into two aspects, one in short-term and the other in long-term. In short-run study, 6 companies cross-listing in NYSE and Chinese market are in the sample. In pre-cross-listing period, the abnormal returns are mostly positive and remain stable; the cumulative abnormal returns are close to 0 and the difference among them is very small; but on the cross-listing day, all the companies' abnormal returns decline, and after that day, the abnormal returns still fluctuate around 0 while most of them are negative, and the difference among each company's cumulative abnormal return become large. In long-run study, by using multiple regression of 99 Chinese companies listed in th U.S. markets form 2007 to 2012, there is a significant positive relationship between total asset turnover and cross-listing at 5% significance level and there is a significantly negative relation between market value and cross-listing at 10%significance level; return on equity and return on asset are both positive with cross-llisting, but not significant.
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Jingwen, Liu. "Potential determinants of RMB exchange rate." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13544.
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Classificação JEL: F31, G17Como a maior economia emergente no mundo, a China e a sua economia têm atraído muitas atenções a nível mundial. Como tal, a análise do comportamento da taxa de câmbio do renminbi (RMB) é de elevada relevância. Com efeito, as instituições financeiras e outros investidores de uma forma geral podem gerir de forma mais eficaz o risco que assumem com a volatilidade da taxa de câmbio do RMB, se conhecerem de forma rigorosa os efeitos dos fatores relevantes sobre esta taxa de câmbio. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise empírica dos determinantes da taxa de câmbio do RMB, o que ajuda a identificar os principais motores que explicam as alterações nesta taxa de câmbio. Os resultados mostram que os diferenciais de taxas de inflação, das balanças comerciais, e das taxas de crescimento do PIB entre a China e os EUA estão positivamente relacionados com a taxa de câmbio do RMB face ao USD . Por seu turno, os diferenciais de taxas de juro entre a China e os EUA, as reservas cambiais da China, bem como a reforma financeira ocorrida na China em 2005 , estão negativamente relacionados com a taxa de câmbio do RMB face ao USD.
With the largest emerging economy in the world, China and its economy have been raising great attention world wide. In this respect, analyzing the behavior of RMB exchange rate is of crucial significance. In fact, financial institutions and investors in general can manage effectively the risk they take due to the volatility of the RMB exchange rate against the USD, by knowing accurately the effects of the relevant factors on the foreign exchange rates. This work comprises an empirical analysis of determinants of the RMB exchange rate, which helps to identify the most relevant drivers that explain the changes of the RMB exchange rate. The results show that the differentials of inflation rates, trade balance, and GDP growth between China and US are positively related to the RMB exchange rate. In turn, interest rates differential between China and US, foreign exchange reserve of China, and the financial reform of China in 2005 are negatively related to RMB exchange rate against the USD.
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McCarthy, Christabel. "Investigating the use of dasymetric techniques for assessing employment containment in Melbourne, Australia." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8307.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.This project studies employment containment in Melbourne, Australia. Employment containment is a measure of the proportion of people that work in a location close to their home. Recent urban planning policies in Melbourne have aimed to improve employment containment in the city’s suburbs. While there has been analysis of the rates at which people both live and work within broadly defined ‘local areas’, little work has been done to investigate employment containment using smaller and more uniform catchment areas as the unit of analysis. This research attempts such a finer scale analysis using dasymetric downscaling techniques. A regression modelling approach supported by land use data, alongside a binary dasymetric method, is used to develop fine scale estimates of employment distribution, while binary and populationdensity weighted methods are used to develop a fine scale estimate of working population distribution. For the employment distribution estimate, the Poisson model that distributed employment to employment-related land use classes produced the smallest error. However, the error produced by this model is still high. For the working population distribution estimate, the population-density weighted estimate is the more accurate of the approaches, and overall produced low error. For the employment containment analysis, a number of employment centres were randomly selected and an employment containment catchment has been derived from a 5 km2 commuting distance catchment. Commuting flows from an origin-destination matrix were areaweighted to estimate flows into the employment centre from the 5 km2 catchment. The method is found to be potentially useful; however inspecting the results of this employment containment calculation highlighted flaws in the current estimates that should be addressed before the measures can be used to further analyse employment containment in Melbourne. Improvements to this method would support urban strategic and transport planning analyses at a metropolitan-wide scale.
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Ogunkoya, Folasade Temitope. "Socio-economic factors that affect livestock numbers : a case study of smallholder cattle and sheep farmers in the Free State province of South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18251.
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The study was conducted across the four district municipalities in the Free State province of South Africa. The objective of the study was to determine socio-economic factors that affected livestock numbers among smallholder cattle and sheep farmers in the Free State province of South Africa. The research was qualitative and quantitative in nature. Proportionate random sampling method was used to collect data. The population comprised of smallholder cattle and sheep farmers that kept at least 30 livestock. Data between the 2008 and 2012 farming seasons were collected by administering well-structured questionnaires to 250 smallholder cattle and sheep farmers. Data collected were captured and analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 22 of 2013) to obtain frequency, cross-tabulation, descriptive statistics and ordinary least square (OLS) regression. Descriptive statistics results indicated that lack of camp systems, drought prevalence, increased feed costs, poor veterinary interventions, insufficient breeding stock, high cost of fuel and transportation, lack of equipment, diseases, stock theft and pilfering, and insufficient grazing land were the prevalent factors that affected cattle and sheep farming in the province.The OLS regression results indicated that the variables that significantly affected livestock numbers were district, household size, livestock numbers in 2008, planted pastures, grazing land condition, grazing land acquisition, service, advice / training, veterinary services, purchase of dosing products and sales per year. The results also indicated that the majority (96.8%) of the smallholder cattle and sheep farmers would like to increase their livestock numbers. It was therefore recommended that extension and veterinary services should be strengthened in the study area. In addition, it was recommended that smallholder livestock farmers should be encouraged to plant pastures to reduce pressure on the natural veld and make forage available throughout the year. Lastly, as a recommendation, government should provide subsidies with distribution policies that will ensure that all smallholder livestock farmers can benefit.Agriculture and Animal Health
M. Sc. (Agriculture)