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1
Hashmi, Shujahat Haider, Fan Hongzhong, Zeeshan Fareed, and Roksana Bannya. "Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030526.
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Our pioneer study is aimed at investigating the role of the service sector in affecting sustainable environment in Pakistan. Using time series data over 1971–2014 and applying an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model with structural break analysis, we establish a long-term equilibrium relationship of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with energy consumption, income level, services and trade openness. Our findings support a service-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Pakistan. The income level sharply raises environmental degradation at the early stage; however, after reaching a certain threshold, it improves environmental quality but at a lower rate. There exists an inverted U-shaped nexus between services and CO2 emissions, which implies that the service sector is less energy-intensive in terms of mitigating pollution in Pakistan. Moreover, the energy consumption has an inverted U-shaped effect on carbon emissions, which implies energy efficiencies and adoption of renewable energy has reduced pollution in the long run. The trade openness increases CO2 emissions in both the short term and long term. The quadratic term of income level has a negatively inelastic impact on CO2 emissions, which implies a very slow rate of improvement in environmental quality. On the other hand, the quadratic term of services shows a highly elastic impact on pollution, which induces the EKC hypothesis. Our robustness checks such as fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (OLS), and Toda and Yamamoto (TY) causality tests further confirm the existence of the service-induced EKC hypothesis in Pakistan. Moreover, there exists a unidirectional causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions, a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, and a unidirectional causal linkage between services and CO2 emissions. Lastly, we discuss certain policy implications for designing appropriate environmental and energy policies to mitigate the pollution in Pakistan.
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Varkey, Rittu Susan, and Prasant Kumar Panda. "Inter-sectoral Growth Linkages and Their Implications for Agriculture: Evidence from Indian States." Millennial Asia 9, no. 3 (December 2018): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399618805628.
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This article empirically examines the existence of inter-sectoral growth linkages among the key sectors of the Indian economy at the state level. The examination evaluates the impact of the non-agricultural sectors of the states and that of the rest of the states on agricultural output of a particular state. An annual panel data set for 15 general category states have been taken for the period 1980–1981 to 2012–2013. Panel cointegration and fully modified ordinary least square methods have been used to study the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between sectors. The results suggest that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among three sectors of the economy in the Indian states. The evaluation indicates that the industrial sector contributes positively in complementing the growth of agriculture, but the service sector advancement affects agricultural growth negatively. However, services having some direct reference to agriculture such as transport, storage and communication (TSC), trade, hotel and restaurant (THR) and banking and insurance (BI) have positive linkage with agriculture. The state specific econometric evaluation of the agricultural output varies relatively across different states, for example, in Kerala, the impact of rest of the industries and services leaves a positive significance; whereas, the study foresees the negative impact of industry and services in the states such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. In order to neutralize the negative linkages of service sector on agriculture, policies for promoting pro-agricultural services such as crop and agricultural insurance, agricultural loans, facilities for agricultural warehouse, marketing services, weather communication, transport services and provision of technical support to farm activities are important. Such initiatives can help agricultural sector grow along in the simultaneous development of sectors propelling growth of the economy at a faster rate.
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Azid, Toseef, Naeem Khaliq, and Muhammad Jamil. "Sectoral Volatility, Development, and Governance: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 4II (December 1, 2006): 797–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i4iipp.797-817.
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Development of overall economy of any country largely depends upon the characteristics of different prominent sectors such as agriculture, industry, services, etc. Sharp structural change in prominent sectors are experienced by the Pakistan’s economy during the last four decades, in which industrial and service sector have exhibited an extra ordinary rate of growth, while the agricultural sector did not shown that rate of growth which was experienced during the time of green revolution. Due to these structural changes in the prominent sectors volatility of growth rate has been experienced by the economy. To the extent that most of the recent volatility in growth rate of GDP can be attributed to the increasing share of the some volatility of the some prominent sectors, the analysis of their volatility can be useful in providing some enlightenment on the factors behind this phenomenon and its implications for the formulation of the policy in the future.
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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi, and Kabiru Isa Dandago. "Tax Revenue and Public Service Delivery: Evidence From Nigeria." International Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n2p82.
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The paper employs ordinary least squares technique to investigate the impact of tax revenue on public service delivery in Nigeria from 1981 to 2017. The specific objective is to determine the extent to which tax revenue influences service delivery indicators such as education and health care services in the country. The findings reveal that tax revenue impacts positively and significantly on education and health care services. The study therefore recommends among others that the government should exploit all tax revenue sources and use same to maintain the health sector in the country and provide adequate education including skill acquisition and entrepreneurship development programmes for the citizens.
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Katzan, Jr., Harry. "Cybersecurity Service Model." Journal of Service Science (JSS) 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2012): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jss.v5i2.7576.
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The efficacy of modern computer systems is normally regarded as a function of five basic attributes of computer and information security: availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity. The concepts generally apply to government, business, education, and the ordinary lives of private individuals. The considerations normally involve extended applications of the Internet hence the name Cybersecurity. Achieving and maintaining a secure cyberspace is a complicated process, and some of the concerns involve personal identity, privacy and intellectual property, secure maintenance of the critical infrastructure, and the sustainability of organizations. The threats to a secure operating infrastructure are serious and profound: cyber terrorism, cyber war, cyber espionage, and cyber crime, to which the technical community has responded with a plethora of ad hoc safeguards and procedures, usually supplied by the competitive private sector. This paper proposes a fresh view of the cyber domain based on service science with the ultimate objective of developing a cybersecurity service model.
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Chionyeka, Osuoha, Theresa Udenwa, and Nneka Nwala. "EFFECT OF PUBLIC DEBTS ON PRIVATE-SECTOR INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Social Development and Enterprise Studies 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarppsdes.v4.i1.08.
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This study empirically analyzed the effect of Public Debt and Private-Sector Investment in Nigeria (1986-2017). This study employed secondary data in the analysis. The study used the ordinary least square method (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) tools of analysis in the investigation of the impact and relationship among the economic variables. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Error Correction Models show that there is a strong relationship between Private Investment (PIVN)in Nigeria and Public Debt in Nigeria. Public Debt in Nigeria has a negative effect on the economy both in the short run and long run especially the Public Domestic Debt in Nigeria and Public External Debts in Nigeria. This is because the more government borrows from both the domestic and the external the more it crowds out investment especially the domestic debt crowds out private investment through lack of access to funds. The ECM result revealed that Public Debt Service in Nigeria has a positive effect on Private Investment (PIVN)in Nigeria, this is because when the government pays back loans or debts, it increases access to funds by the private investors thereby increasing the level of private investment in the country. Therefore, the study recommends that government should design a mechanism for effective and efficient Public Debt Service Management in Nigeria to increase access to funds by private investors and thereby increasing and enhancing Private Investment (PIVN) in Nigeria.
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Fraser, Alan. "Modernising Government and the Law in Scotland." Legal Information Management 4, no. 3 (August 2004): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669604001677.
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Alan Fraser of the Scottish Executive's 21st Century Government Unit explains how they are helping the public sector in Scotland to modernise its service provision to embrace electronic delivery methods, data sharing and development of best practices, all to improve the ordinary citizens' access to information.
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Dibua, Emmanuel C., Ellis I. Idemobi, and Ikechukwu M. Okoli. "Effect of Retrenchment on Employees’ Service Delivery: A Study of Ten Districts of Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) in Southeast Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 13 (May 31, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n13p121.
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This study examines the effect of retrenchment on employees’ service delivery: a study of ten districts of Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) in Southeast Nigeria. The study was necessitated by the alarming rate of retrenchment across various industries in Nigeria particularly the energy sector that is a major driver of economic growth and development in the country. The poor service delivery of the sector has been a teething problem to both the citizens and organizations that need their services. With the recent restructuring of the sector and emergence of Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) with its attendant retrenchment, it becomes more constricting what the service delivery of the retrenchment survivors will be. This study therefore, modelled variables like employee work load, longer working hours, pay cut, depression and anxiety and restructuring of work to ascertain how they have influenced on employees’ service delivery in Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) using an econometric regression model of the Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Findings revealed that with the exception of longer working hours that were not significant, all other variables (employee work load, pay cut, depression and anxiety; and restructuring of work) had significant effect on employees’ service delivery. Based on the findings, the study recommends that electricity distribution companies should adequately adjust employees work load, increase survivors pay, restore confidence on the survivors and ensure work place harmony during restructuring of work to enable them improve their service delivery.
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Malagueño, Ricardo, Sudarshan Pillalamarri, Amaury José Rezende, and Marcelo Botelho da Costa Moraes. "The effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on moral development and behavioral intentions." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 21, no. 4 (September 4, 2019): 589–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-04-2019-0061.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on cognitive moral development (CMD) and ethical behavioral intentions among public sector tax auditors in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The research data were collected via survey questionnaires from a sample of 625 auditors who work for the Brazilian tax authority. Participants voluntarily complete an online instrument which included three scenarios with context-specific moral dilemmas, questions about the specific scenarios and an ethics position questionnaire. Multinomial logistic and ordinary least squares regressions were used to analyze the data. Findings The findings reveal that public sector tax auditors with shorter length of service are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development; relativistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with more lenient ethical behavioral intention; idealistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with stricter ethical behavioral intention; public sector auditors classified as absolutists are stricter in their ethical behavioral intentions; and public sector auditors classified as absolutists with length of service between 5 and 15 years are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development when compared to public sector tax auditors with longer length of service. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is one of the first studies that attempt to understand the effects of length of service and ethical ideology on CMD and ethical behavioral intention among public sector auditors. Additionally, it examines these issues in the context of Latin America.
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Madimutsa, Clever, Royd Malisase, Evans Daka, and Moses Chewe. "Public Sector Reform and the Introduction of Neoliberal Capitalism in African Socialist States: The Case of Zambia." Review of Radical Political Economics 53, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/04866134211008188.
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Public sector reform (PSR) is believed to improve the performance of the public sector in particular and the economy in general by introducing market competition in service delivery. However, this paper shows that PSR uses a three-stage process to introduce neoliberal capitalism in African socialist states. The first stage dismantles the socialist state through strategies such as downsizing, decentralization, and privatization. The second stage introduces neoliberal capitalism in the former socialist state by removing government controls and allowing private sector actors to participate in economic activities. The third stage reconfigures the former socialist state into an agent of neoliberal capitalism. Ultimately, ordinary citizens are exploited and impoverished while private investors accumulate capital. JEL Classification: D73, P16, P33
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İnce, Hüseyin, Salih Zeki İmamoğlu, Hülya Türkcan, and Gülsüm Akca. "Antecedents and Consequences of Trust in Public Sector Websites and Social Media." EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 10, no. 1 (September 23, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2020.182.
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Rapidly developing information and communication technologies have an influence on the whole world and have become an ordinary part of everyday life. Not only people, but businesses and governments are affected by these changes. In this respect, governments use several online media platforms as their own digital face and thus keep pace with the developing technology. Considering the lacks in previous researches, the aim of this paper is to investigate the critical factors influencing the citizens' trust in public sector websites and social media and also the relationship among trust in the public sector, citizen satisfaction and trust in public sector websites and social media. By studying 607 citizens who are users of the website or social media service belonging to the municipalities in Turkey, we found that: (i) perceived quality, perceived usefulness, and facilitation conditions are the factors that affect the citizens' trust in public sector websites and social media, (ii) trust in the public sector websites and social media affects trust in the public sector and, (iii) trust in the public sector affects citizen satisfaction.
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Olabisi, Jayeola, Adegboyega Afolabi, Adebayo Olagunju, and Folasade Ajewole Madariola. "Effect of Informal Sector Tax Revenue on Capital Development in Lagos Metropolis." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0001.
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AbstractThe study investigates the effect of informal sector tax proceeds on capital development in Lagos Metropolis. The study adopted Ex-post facto design to obtain secondary data, covering 20 years (2000–2019) from the Lagos State Internal Revenue Service and the Ministry of Budget and Planning. All the series were tested for normalities to determine the appropriateness of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The results of the study revealed that tax collected from the association, petty traders, and market men and women had a significant effect on capital development in Lagos Metropolis. It is evident from the monumental capital projects being executed by the government in the Metropolis. The study recommends that the government should not only create an enabling environment for the informal sector to thrive but also give all necessary support for its survival because the sector has contributed to the capital development of the Metropolis through tax revenue.
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Gorsky, Martin. "Community Involvement in Hospital Governance in Britain: Evidence from before the National Health Service." International Journal of Health Services 38, no. 4 (October 2008): 751–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hs.38.4.j.
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An important goal of policy in the British National Health Service (NHS) is to increase public involvement in health care governance. In the hospital sector this led in 2003 to the establishment of foundation trusts with “membership communities,” which aim to give local citizens a say in management. This is not the first attempt to introduce greater community participation in the running of British hospitals. Prior to the inception of the NHS in 1948, the hospital contributory scheme movement provided ordinary members of the public with the opportunity to sit on hospital management boards. The article examines the nature and extent of this earlier experiment with local democracy in hospital governance. It argues that historical precedent is not particularly encouraging, either for the prospect of broadening popular participation or for making services more responsive to local needs. Although today's context is very different, the tendency for managerial and professional interests to dominate the policy arena is a feature of both periods.
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Ubesie, Cyril Madubuko, Amalachukwu Ananwude, Ezechi Nwanekpe Cyracus, and Ebe Emmanuel. "Does Fiscal Policy Tools have the Potential to Stimulate Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria?" Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i3.163.
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Purpose: There is no denying the fact that the Nigerian manufacturing sector is not performing up to the expectation. The poor performance of the manufacturing sector is attributed largely to the poor state of basic infrastructures, especially power supply, and good road networks. To this end, this study examined the potential of fiscal policy to stimulate manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria.
Methods: The model estimation employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique, while the effect of estimation was carried out using the Granger causality test based on the data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) for the period of 1986 to 2019.
Results: The result of the analysis revealed that recurrent expenditure has no significant effect on manufacturing sector performance. However, capital expenditure, fiscal deficit, and the company’s income tax significantly affect manufacturing sector performance.
Implications: The Federal, State, and Local governments should stop wasteful expenditure on unnecessary entertainment on meetings, seminars, workshops, foreign trips, etc. to increase spending on basic industrial infrastructures, most importantly on the power supply and road network to stimulate the manufacturing sector performance.
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Kim, Jungin. "The Effects of Relative Organizational Tenure on Job Behaviors in the Public Sector." Public Personnel Management 47, no. 3 (January 17, 2018): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026017753646.
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From the perspective of organizational socialization, this study examines whether relative organizational tenure significantly influences desirable and undesirable behaviors in the public sector. We measured desirable behaviors in terms of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and public service motivation (PSM), and undesirable behaviors regarding turnover intention and burnout. In addition, we tested whether relative organizational tenure affected behaviors differently depending on employee status. Based on a survey of 203 public employees in local government in South Korea, this study conducted ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to investigate the research model. We found that relative organizational tenure had significantly negative effects on both OCB and turnover intention but no significant effects on PSM and burnout. We also found that relative organizational tenure had a significant negative effect on the OCB of subordinates but not leaders. These results provide some implications for human resources management (HRM) with respect to relative organizational tenure in public organizations.
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Varkey, Rittu Susan, and Prasant Kumar Panda. "Inter-state Growth Spillovers in Indian Major States: An Empirical Analysis." Jindal Journal of Business Research 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682120908550.
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This article verifies the inter-state linkages of economic growth across Indian states in a panel framework. Data have been used for the 15 major states for 1980–1981 to 2013–2014. For studying the long-run association between aggregate output of a state and that of the rest of the states, panel cointegration techniques have been used. Fully modified ordinary least squares estimation technique is used to find long-run coefficients. In addition to it, inter-state growth spillovers of output for three principal sectors of economy have been verified separately. The findings confirm the existence of inter-state association in the long run for the aggregate output as well as the sectoral output. Unidirectional causality runs from rest of the state’s output to a state’s output. There has also been a substantial increase in the extent of linkages after the reforms for the aggregate output. Though coefficient is positive, agricultural output has witnessed a decrease in the extent of linkages after the reforms. But, the linkages among states for industrial and service sector output have been improved as a result of the reforms. With the increasing flow of goods and services, growth spillovers are evident and economic spillovers of states are complementary. Removing barriers on inter-state trade, flow of investment, knowledge, and services will supplement to growth spillover among Indian states.
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Thornicroft, Graham, Til Wykes, Frank Holloway, Sonia Johnson, and George Szmuckler. "From efficacy to effectiveness in community mental health services." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 5 (November 1998): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.5.423.
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BackgroundThe PRiSM Psychosis Study investigated the outcomes of community mental health services for epidemiologically representative cases of psychosis in London.MethodThe results presented in the preceding nine papers are interpreted.Results(a) The health and social gains reported in experimental studies of community health services are replicable in ordinary clinical settings, and are more effective than hospital-oriented services which they replace, (b) Dilution does occur - these gains are less pronounced than in experimental (efficacy) studies, (c) Both models of community services produced a range of improved outcomes, (d) Some limited extra advantages (in terms of met needs, improved quality of life, and social networks) were found in the intensive sector, (e) There is no consistent evidence that community-oriented services (which include in-patient beds) fail service users, their families or the wider public. On balance the results weigh slightly in favour of the two-team model (for acute and continuing care) in terms of clinical effectiveness, but the general model is almost as effective and is less expensive.ConclusionsThe evidence supports a community-oriented rather than a hospital-oriented approach and there is little difference between the community mental health team models.
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Boadi, Isaac. "Profitability Determinants of the Ghanaian Banking Sector in Ongoing Wave of Consolidation." International Journal of Business and Management 10, no. 12 (November 19, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n12p1.
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<p>The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of both internal and external factors that determine the profitability of Ghanaian banks. The period under consideration extends from 1997-2014. To determine factors that determine the commercial bank profitability in Ghana, the research employed random effects and pooled ordinary least square models. Internal variables, both financial and non-financial were obtained from the database of Ghana Association of Bankers over the period 1997-2014. The macroeconomic variables were retrieved from Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and Bank of Ghana (BOG) databases. The results of our study reveal that internal and external variables significantly influence bank profitability, non-interest income is not the sole determinant of profitability as other internal variables, such as capital to assets, GDP growth are statistically significant. However, determinants such as liquidity, deposit ratio, overhead, non-performing loans, number of employees, inflation and real interest rate do not impact significantly on banks’ profitability in Ghana. The research could not include more qualitative factors. Future research could include more qualitative factors, for example, management leadership style with the quantitative factors and test the long run effects using a cointegration approach. The main value of this paper is the analysis of new empirical evidence using a current data.</p>
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Kayode, Ogunyemi Joseph, Dare Funso David, and Adewole Joseph Adeyinka. "Effect of Trade Diversification on Economic Growth of ECOWAS Countries." American Economic & Social Review 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i1.251.
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This study investigated the effect of trade diversification on economic growth of ECOWAS countries. The study has looked at the determinants of exports and imports in some selected ECOWAS countries. The selected ECOWAS countries are Benin, Ghana, and Nigeria. The employed a model form of the GMM estimator was adopted but the empirical validation shall be based on ordinary panel regression. The study revealed that the activities of the main sector when rated as a percentage of the gross domestic product is a significant factor that influences the exports and imports in these selected countries. This means that the activities done in the main sector of these economies have significant effect on the value of exports and imports. The activity of the main sector is huge and voluminous enough to accommodate some level of significant imports in order to assist production which will also be exported. The study has also revealed that the service sector is also a significant factor that influences the exports and imports of these selected ECOWAS countries. Many experts are imported into the service sector of these countries and thus these served as a significant factor that possess influence on the performance of exports and imports in the countries. There is a negative and weak correlation between primary exports and service as a percentage of GDP. Invariably, it can be said that the level of primary exports may not be related with the service sector, thus, the association is expected. The main sector performance is found to be positively correlated with the primary exports in the selected ECOWAS countries. The author then suggested that there is urgent need for ECOWAS states to place more emphasis on the exports of manufacturers’ products and make efforts to reduce concentration on exports of primary (agriculture and fuel) products. This will help improve their international trade performance especially with respect to reducing term of trade losses and unfavorable shocks in foreign earnings. Also, the region should focus on production of products for domestic need; in doing this, the ECOWAS states will escape the trap of homogenous export and foster more intra-trade links. The region should see production as major objective rather than exports; this enhances industrial activities and innovations in the region. This attempt retains economic gains of resource within the region and foster economic well-being, the critical mass of ECOWAS challenge is weak productive capacity, this has accentuated the progress of the member states and the sole cause of social and economic evils within the region. ECOWAS should see exports as originating from domestic sufficiency.
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Ríos-Manríquez, Martha. "Human capital and its influence on the e-readiness of the company: an empirical case." International Journal of Innovation 9, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v9i1.17950.
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Objective of the study: This article has two objectives, first to analyze how is the degree of e-Readiness on micro, small and medium enterprises (eRLMSMEs) of the state of Guanajuato, in Mexico, influenced by the technological preparation of human capital, ICT accessibility, the empowerment granted to human capital, the size and sector. The second objective is to analyze, by size and sector, which are the most relevant variables considered by the owners or managers in their e-Readiness (ER).Methodology/approach: With a sample of 182 MSMEs, a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, discriminant and linear regression analysis was performed, using the Ordinary Least Squares Method (OLS).Originality/Relevance: The study is relevant because it addresses the influence of human capital empowerment, e-Readiness and access to ICTs by companies in the ER of MSMEs, deepening the analysis by sector, industry, trade and services, and by size of micro, small and medium enterprises.Main results: It was determined that all the independent variables are relevant to explain eRLMSMEs. By size, the Human Capital e-Readiness, ICT Accessibility, and Human Capital Empowerment variables are significant only for small enterprises, whereas ER of human capital substantially influences industries, commercial and service companies.Theoretical/methodological contributions: This research goes deeper into the variables that influence the degree of e-Readiness on MSMEs in Mexico, considering the influence of the size and sector in their technological preparation.Social/management contributions: The ICT are considered a necessary technological innovation for the development of MSMEs, as well as the other variables dealt with in this research, which promote changes in the context of the adoption of technological innovation.
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Son, Insung, and Sihyun Kim. "Mobile Payment Service and the Firm Value: Focusing on both Up- and Down-Stream Alliance." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072583.
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The Fintech business, which was initially focused on the payment sector, is becoming a global issue due to the entry of nonfinancial firms into the banking business. With the advent of the “mobile age in your hand”, global ICT companies are actively entering the banking business through alliances and competitions with existing financial companies. Classifying the alliance companies of Apple Pay and Samsung Pay into the downstream alliance and the upstream alliance, this study analyzed the signaling effect of service opening and its impact on the firm value. To analyze the effect of a specific event on firm value, this study adopted the event study. Additionally, ordinary least squares regression analysis was carried out to examine the influence of up- and downstream alliance on the firm value. The result shows that Apple Pay’s service launch in the USA. has a positive impact on stock prices of up- and downstream alliance companies, providing new experience and satisfaction to users through active alliance with credit card companies. On the other hand, downstream alliance companies that showed a negative response to the launch of Korean services turned to a positive response to USA service launch because to the difference in the specificity of credit card penetration rate and the portion of premium smartphones. Analyzing the impact of the expansion of the service area toward the payment platform on the firm value, research results provide important implications for establishing technology management strategies to ensure the sustainability in rapidly changing technical advances by comparing the different market response of Apple Pay and Samsung Pay.
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Kinasih, Hayu Wikan, Wikan Isthika, and Melati Oktafiyani. "PENGUKURAN KUALITAS PERBANKAN SYARIAH SEBAGAI UPAYA DALAM PENINGKATAN KESETIAAN NASABAH." Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jai.8.1.75-88.
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The banking industri in Indonesia is growing rapidly nowadays. To support their operating system, the banking industriapplies dual-banking system. It is a system where banking serves two kinds of service to the society, that is conventional and sharia.The dual-banking system aim to give them an alternative choice of banking service so that it will increase the growth of financing in the national economic sector. The more customer of theIslamic bank, the more financing activity can be done. As a new comer in the banking industri, Islamic bank should compete with the incumbent of this industri, that is conventional bank. The important aspect to compete with the competitor is service quality. Furthermore, with the high satisfaction and trust of customers on the service of the Islamic bank, the more they will recommend to the society for having a transaction in Islamic bank so that it will help the growth of Islamic banks. This study learns about the customer’s assessment of the service quality of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Data were obtained randomly using a questionnaire instrument that adopted from the research of Siddiqi and Amin. The result of this research that analyzed using an ordinary least square model (OLS) shows that the variable of service quality and customer satisfaction significantly effect on customer loyalty of Islamic banks.
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Pui-Yan Wong, Stella, and Carmen Ho-Tze Kwan. "Current state of the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) and view on the future development of MSUS training and services in Hong Kong: Results of a survey among the members of the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology." Hong Kong Bulletin on Rheumatic Diseases 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hkbrd-2016-0001.
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Abstract Objective To document the current state of the use of musculoskeletal US (MSUS) and view on the future development of MSUS training and services among the members of the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology. Methods A three-page anonymous questionnaire, divided into three sections (demographics, current state of the MSUS service, and view on future development of MSUS training and services), was sent (either in electronic format or in hardcopy) to 79 members (70 full members and 9 ordinary members) of the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology. The aim is to inquire about the use of MSUS by rheumatologists, their views on the future development of MSUS training and service in Hong Kong. Results 28 (35%) out of 79 members responded to the questionnaire (including 25 fellows and 3 trainees working in public hospitals and private sector). 25 responders (89.3%; 25/28) were using MSUS in their daily practice for making diagnoses, guiding interventions or follow-up disease. Although 90% (25/28) of the responders’ institutes provided the MSUS service by the Radiology Department, 70% of them got long waiting time, and the Radiology Department did not provide the MSUS service to every joint region. Despite the widespread use of MSUS among rheumatologists, more than 90% of the responders could only do less than 10 scans per week. Lack of time and manpower, lack of expertise, high cost of equipment, and lack of support for training were important obstacles in developing the MSUS service. 18 (64%) responders in our survey tended to agree that MSUS training should be incorporated in the rheumatology training. Conclusions In conclusion, this is the first survey demonstrating the current state of the use of MSUS in Hong Kong and a huge growth in demand for the service development and formal training in MSUS. A number of challenges in terms of lack of time and manpower, lack of expertise, high cost of equipment, and lack of support for training is evident.
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Samuel Oyekale, Abayomi. "Assessment of Conduciveness of Learning Environment at Nigeria’s Primary Schools." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 512 (December 20, 2019): 1828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.512.1828.1836.
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Government’s neglect of some primary schools in Nigeria has complicated service delivery with resultant non-conducive learning environment and degraded motivations for teachers. This paper generated indices of conducive learning environment and analyzed its determinants at primary schools in Nigeria. The study used the 2013 education Service Delivery Indicator (SDI) data that were collected from 744 primary schools in Nigeria. The data were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The results showed that 62.37% all the schools were in urban areas while Bauchi and Anambra states recorded the highest percentages of urban schools with 77.84% and 60.00%, respectively. The factors that increased conducive learning environment significantly (p<0.05) were private ownership, being established before 1990, and being situated in Anambra state, while urban location and practice of multi-grade reduced it. It was concluded that adequate monitoring of the state of infrastructural facilities in Nigeria’s public primary schools should become top priority of government and other stakeholders in the education sector.
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Kim, Jungin. "The contrary effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on burnout and turnover intention in the public sector." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2017-0053.
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Purpose Based on motivation theories, such as self-determination theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether intrinsic and extrinsic motivations significantly influence burnout and turnover intention in the public sector. Furthermore, the authors assessed the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and public service motivation (PSM) on the relationship between intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and burnout/turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey of 203 public employees from local governments in South Korea, this study conducted ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate the relationships among intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, OCB, PSM, and burnout/turnover intention. Findings The authors found that intrinsic motivation had a significantly negative effect on both burnout and turnover intention. Extrinsic motivation had a significantly positive effect only on burnout. Lastly, OCB and PSM had a mediating effect on the relationships between intrinsic motivation and burnout. Originality/value These results provide some insights into the effects of job motivation on burnout and turnover intention in the public sector. Particularly, this research highlights the importance of intrinsic motivation, OCB, and PSM in decreasing burnout and the importance of intrinsic motivation in decreasing turnover intention of public employees.
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Ben Gamra Zinelabidine, Boutheina, Lilia Touzani, Norchène Ben Dahmane, and Mourad Touzani. "How off-track tourists create their own event: a customer-dominant logic perspective." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-01-2017-0037.
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Purpose Adopting a customer-dominant logic perspective, the purpose of this paper is to understand how some tourists decide on unusual trips and how they associate meanings to transform their experience into an event. Design/methodology/approach This research is exploratory and involves three qualitative data collection techniques. The authors conducted individual interviews complemented by travel narratives with tourists that decided to undertake off-track travel. The third method is ethnographic and focuses on tourists participating in a singular ritualistic festival. Findings Several factors explained how off-track travelers associate meanings to turn their real-life experience into a successful event. These factors cover three main concepts: discovery, social link and identity. Practical implications The authors propose managerial implications for ordinary service providers in the tourism sector. Managers should attempt to provide tourists with a framework within which they can create their own events and take initiatives. They must be supportive of tourists re-enhancing their experience and making efforts to create their own event. Originality/value This research explains how services must be less standardized to satisfy tourists looking for immersion, exoticism and authenticity and to support their initiatives.
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SANSA, NUHU A. "Public debt influence to the agriculture sector in Tanzania." American Journal of Economics and Business Management 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v3i1.142.
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Recent literature evidence shows that the Tanzania Public Debt is rapidly growing and the Tanzania Government is using 40% of its domestic revenue to service the public debt at a time when substantially more funding is required for keeping the Tanzania agriculture sector, economic development activities and most important the sustainable development goals attainable. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the influence of the public debt to the agriculture sector in Tanzania. The study firstly assesses the marginal change of the annual average public debt influence to the agriculture gross domestic product and secondly the study evaluated the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture gross domestic product during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania. With that regard the study applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to analyze the average annual growth rates of the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania.Public debt and agriculture sector gross domestic product time series data were collected from the World Bank and the Bank Of Tanzania annual reports during the period from 1996 to 2018 for Tanzania.To assess the marginal annual average change for the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product the annual average growth rate for the sub periods of 1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015 and for the presidential term 1996-2005 (Third President Term), 2006-2015 (Fourth Presidential Term), and 2016-2018( Three Years Of The Fifth Presidential Term) were evaluated. While to evaluate the influence of the public debt to the agriculture sector gross domestic product, the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product were investigated during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania. The findings of the study in actual fact catching up the attention. The study findings revealed that the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product marginal annual average change is positive while the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product is negative and insignificant during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania.
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Tinto, E. M., and K. G. Banda. "The Integrated National Electrification Programme and political democracy." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i4a3077.
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Since the coming of democracy in South Africa, the last decade has been marked by extraordinary, yet positive changes in policy development. Democratic organisation, both as a system of government and as a value system commanding the support of ordinary people, is of key importance in these developments and the implications for South Africa are still being analysed. Noticeable are the fundamental changes in the energy sector where there has been a shift from energy self-reliance and energy security to a more sustainable policy approach driven by economic efficiency, social equity and environment protection. Institutes of Democracy like IDEA (2004) concur with this trend that a strong democratic system must support poverty reduction for meaningful democratic change and, in practice; this is clearly the trend being defined. It is now a sustainable development issue, and voter’s confidence that is fast becoming the defining principle and drives for rapid policy change and service delivery in the form of an Integrated National Electrification Programme (INEP) in the energy sector. Policy makers in energy policy acknowledge this phenomenon as defining what is now seen as a ‘post-apartheid energy paradigm shift’. In this paper, it is suggested that the National Electrification Programme (NEP) has performed beyond expectation in increasing access to electricity for the poor in the country. It is also argued that, there is now an electrification and political democracy nexus exhibited in social and political development of this country. In this line of thought, the argument given is that one of the reasons why people voted for the ruling party in 1999 and 2000 was the NEP. Furthermore this identified linkage provides policy recommendations that suggest that the government should deliver other basic services in a similar manner in order to gain people’s confidence. In South Africa, because of the country’s unique social, economic and political history, a trade-off between basic social service delivery and linkage with democracy then becomes very crucial. Keywords
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Ieva, Marco, and Cristina Ziliani. "The role of customer experience touchpoints in driving loyalty intentions in services." TQM Journal 30, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-11-2017-0141.
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Purpose The explosion in the number of touchpoints is putting pressure on companies to design omnichannel customer experiences aimed at achieving long-term customer loyalty. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative importance of 24 touchpoints in contributing to customer loyalty intentions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by means of a survey on almost 6,000 subjects belonging to the Nielsen consumer panel. Two ordinary least squares regression models with clustered standard errors estimate the relationship between touchpoint exposure – measured in terms of reach, frequency and positivity – and customer loyalty intentions in the mobile service sector. Findings Reach has a significant relationship with customer loyalty intentions as far as eight touchpoints are concerned. Positivity, when controlling for frequency of exposure, is related to customer loyalty intentions as far as nine touchpoints are concerned. Practical implications Results provide guidance for mobile service providers on customer experience management strategies and specifically on touchpoint prioritization, adaptation, monitoring and design. Originality/value This study addresses two relevant research gaps. First, most studies focus on single or a few touchpoints without considering the variety of touchpoints within the customer journey (Lemon and Verhoef, 2016). Second, no studies focus on the relative contribution of touchpoints to customer loyalty intentions (Homburg et al., 2017).
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Mukah, Samuel Tanjeh. "Budgetary Control and Performance: the Case of Councils in Mezam and Momo Divisions of Cameroon." Business and Management Research 7, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v7n3p36.
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The pursuit of quality service delivery in the public sector management in Cameroon necessitated the decentralisation of public sector management by transferring more power and resources to the local councils. This is in a bid to make them more self-governing. These councils are expected to meet the aspirations of their municipalities by carrying out approved projects efficiently and effectively. In this regard, this paper sets out to investigate the relationship between budgetary control and performance of local councils in Mezam and Momo Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon, and the challenges these councils encounter in the process of budgetary control. Data was collected through a survey and analysed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique to regress the relationship between the budgetary control variables and council performance. The empirical results showed that the key budgetary control variables (planning, participation, monitoring and control, motivation, communication, and responsibility) have a positively and statistically significant effect on performance of the councils. Effective performance of local councils in Mezam and Momo Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon could then be attributed to effective presence of budgetary control requiring the availability of financial resources rationally allocated, qualified and experienced personnel, participation of all responsibility center managers in the planning and control processes, and regular communication and motivation of the council staff.
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Malik, Manzoor Hassan, and Nirmala Velan. "Trends and determinants of IT-BPM exports in India." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 7, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 212–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-08-2015-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of trends of Indian information technology and business processing management (IT-BPM) sector and to analyse the determinants of IT-BPM sector during the period 1991-2014. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on annual data collected from National Association of Software and Service Companies and Department of Electronic and Information Technology for the period 1991 to 2014. The methodology adopted for studying the objectives are simple averages, percentages, ratios, growth rates, graphs prepared on the basis of data from the IT-BPM sector and regression analysis. Trends and patterns in key variables, such as total revenue, domestic revenue, export revenue, employment and exports of the IT-BPM sector have been examined. Factors influencing IT-BPM export growth have been analysed using ordinary least square multiple regression model, with growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP), labour productivity, exchange rate and previous year’s export, as the explanatory variables. Findings The export revenue from IT-BPM sector increased continuously over the years, at an average growth rate of 36.60 per cent during the period 1991 to 2014. Similarly, domestic revenue of IT-BPM sector also increased, but at a lower growth rate. This is because domestic market in India is captured by multinational giants against Indian firms, which do not possess full comparative advantage in the case of IT-BPM sector. Indian firms are producing low skill activities required for production, mainly concentrated only in the export sector. Direct employment, excluding hardware from IT-BPM sector, has grown at an average rate of 18.08 per cent over the study period. The determinants of IT-BPM exports indicated previous year’s export demand to be significantly contributing the highest to export growth rate. This was followed by GDP growth rate, implying that overall growth of the economy leads to significant increase in export growth. Increased labour productivity followed next in significantly encouraging export growth. Research limitations/implications Generalization of the results may not be possible, as Indian conditions and policies vary. Practical implications The paper has implications for the expansion of domestic market, diversification of trade and products, innovations for increasing competitiveness and sustainability in the global market in the wake of stiff competitions from new competitors. Originality/value This paper focuses on originality in analysis of determinants of export growth.
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Wali Ullah, G. M., Mohammad Nasrath Faisal, and Sadaqa Tuz Zuhra. "Factors Determining Profitability of the Insurance Industry of Bangladesh." International Finance and Banking 3, no. 2 (October 9, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ifb.v3i2.9954.
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Insurance is a form of risk management, used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. It involves the transfer of the risk of potential loss from one entity to another, in exchange for a risk premium. Insurance sector plays an important role in service based economy of both developed and developing markets. The purpose of this research is to analyze the determinants that serve as significant predictors of non-life insurance firms’ profitability in Bangladesh. It analyzes panel data of eight different insurance companies—selected using convenience sampling method from the years 2004-2014 to assess whether any significant relationship exists between Profitability (ROA), and certain independent variables- Underwriting Risk, Expense Ratio, Solvency Margin, Premium Growth, Asset Growth, and Company Size using an Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. This paper found significant inverse relationship between Underwriting Risk, and Size, with Profitability (ROA). There is also a significant positive relationship between Expense Ratio, Solvency Margin, and Growth, with the Profitability (ROA). This study will help financial managers to understand which internal factors to focus on, in order to achieve greater profitability, thus maximizing the market value of the respective insurance company.
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Mugane, Catherine, and Herick Ondigo. "The Effect of Financial Innovations on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.6.
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Purpose: The study sought to investigate the effect of financial innovations on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The main problem was that there is an increase in the number of financial innovations, but whether the innovations in banking industry are the main determinants of financial performance is a hard to tell. Despite the significance of financial innovation, the effect of innovation on financial performance is still misunderstood.Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design. The population of the study was all the 43 commercial banks operating in Kenya in the study period. The study conducted a census on all the 43 commercial banks. The study used primary data. An ordinary linear regression model was used. The regressions were conducted using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: The study findings indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between product innovation and ROA. The relationship between service innovation and ROA and also organizational innovation and ROA was found to be positive and significant. Based on the findings, the study concluded that commercial banks in Kenya in the study period had unsteady trends in ROA despite the fact that more financial innovations were taking place in the sector. The study also concluded that the relationship between product innovation and financial performance of commercial banks is negative and significant. Based on the study findings, the study also concluded that the relationship between service innovation and ROA and also organizational innovation and ROA is positive and significant.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Commercial banks should implement effective product innovation strategies that won’t increase their operational risks which in turn affects their financial performance. The study also recommended that commercial banks should focus more and invest more in both service and organization innovation as the two will lead to better financial performance.
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Bae, Suho. "The Effects of Economic Performance on Infrastructure Spending at the State and Local Levels." World Political Science 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2013): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wpsr-2012-0016.
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AbstractEconomic development and growth may induce infrastructure investment and service provision by the public sector. This article investigates to what degree economic performance affects infrastructure spending at the state and local levels. For further elaboration, it examines the differential impacts of economic performance on state and local spending on different types of infrastructure. For that purpose, infrastructure is classified into two types: knowledge infrastructure and physical infrastructure. Methodologically, it uses the time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data from 1977 to 2000 in 50 states of the USA. To correct the complex error terms in TSCS data, it uses the ordinary least square estimation using the Prais-Winsten procedure and panel-corrected standard errors. Some endogeneity issues are also corrected. Research finds that economic development and growth contributes to the increasing infrastructure spending on a per capita basis by state and local governments; however, its magnitude is not large. When infrastructure spending is disaggregated, economic performance also contributes to the increasing state and local spending on both knowledge and physical infrastructures. In particular, the magnitude of the positive effects on physical infrastructure spending is approximately two times as large as that on knowledge infrastructure spending. However, economic performance has no significant effects on the proportion of infrastructure spending out of the total state and local spending, regardless of whether infrastructure is aggregated or disaggregated. In short, there are level effects of economic performance, but there are no compositional effects. This finding implies that state and local governments increase infrastructure investment and its service provision in responding to the economic growth; yet, they do not consider it as a top priority in comparison with other types of functional areas.
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Zotov, V. V., and A. V. Gubanov. "Balance of private and public in the use of personal data in the digital network space." Communicology 9, no. 2 (July 18, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2021-9-2-15-30.
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The relevance of the study is determined by the need to ensure the comprehensive protection of citizens’ personal data, since their disclosure can lead to significant reputational or financial damage. In this context, the analysis of the boundaries of public and private in public consciousness takes on a special meaning. In a mass and expert survey conducted on this issue, it was found that almost 2/3 of citizens were faced with the misuse of confidential information on the Internet. But most experts and participants in the mass survey are aware that Internet sites, social networks and search engines can collect data for web analytics. At the same time, most participants in the study consider it possible to transmit personal data to the authorities in a generalized form for making managerial decisions about the place of residence, age, marital situation, education and gender; the most closed for analysis were information on purchases and spending, geolocation and health. The privacy regime in social networks depends on the level of publicity of a person: for state employees, members of parties and public associations, representatives of science and education, it is higher than for ordinary citizens (for them it depends on knowledge of such a possibility of setting social networks). Most experts and ordinary citizens supported the possibility of introducing a ban on the disclosure on the Internet and social networks of information about service for military and police personnel, while similar measures are considered unacceptable for government officials, municipal employees, representatives of the public sector and deputies; only regarding judges, the opinion of the population and experts did not coincide: the former consider not acceptable, and the latter – possible. It can be assumed that the digitalization of society does not aggravate the problem of demarcation of private and public. However, a key tool for distinguishing between personal and public in the media space is the creation of a special regulatory framework.
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Andersson Cederholm, Erika. "Effective Emotions: The Enactment of a Work Ethic in the Swedish Meeting Industry." Culture Unbound 2, no. 3 (September 16, 2010): 381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10222381.
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The meeting industry – an encompassing term for services related to various kinds of professional meetings, from mega-conventions to the ordinary work meetings – is increasingly consolidated and legitimated as a specific sector in the service industry. New professions such as meeting designers, meeting facilitators and meeting consultants are emerging, promoting new knowledge in this field. By focussing on processes and social interaction, and highlighting emotional dimensions of meetings, these professions pave the way for new modes of conceptualising and practising professional relationships. The intangible, emotional and playful dimensions of social interactions are promoted as effective means to achieve economic goals, thus highlighting a professional ideal that is here called “effective emotions”. The aim of this article is to show how the work ethic promoted by the meeting industry encourages new intersections, and tensions, between the idealisation of the tangible/measurable/rational on the one hand and the intangible/emotional/magical on the other hand, and between working life and intimate spheres. Through a discourse analysis of a Swedish corporate meeting magazine, it is shown how the distinction between work and leisure is dissolved in this specific work culture, and by this, it is discussed how the meeting profession acts as a normative regulator by reinforcing ideal ways of being and interacting with others. Creativity, personal growth, reflexivity and flexibility are enacted as idealised personal assets as well as moral imperatives in the discourse of the meeting profession and through the practices of various meeting techniques, thus reinforcing not merely a professional ethic but cultural ideals of being as a person as well. It is also suggested that this reinforcement may, under certain circumstances, turn into its opposite and undermine the promoted ideals, thus pointing at the importance to pinpoint the dynamic and situated tension between economic rationality and emotional intensity.
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Ardiansyah, Denny. "REVOCATION OF RIGHTS TO BE ELECTED AND VOTE FOR A CONVICTED OF CORRUPTION." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2017): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v2i2.12318.
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The criminal act of corruption is a criminal act that has an extra ordinary impact on the stability of the nation and state. Because the impact of these crimes is very systemic and make enormous losses in the state finance sector. Some cases occurred an ex-convict corruption case, when it was out of running his penalty, it turns out to be more officials in the environment of his service. The purpose of this study is first to examine or analyze the formulation policy of revocation of the right to be elected and vote for convicted corruption, secondly To review or analyze the policies that can be applied in the formulation in the future. The research method used in this legal research is juridical-normative, with a policy-oriented approach. The model of analysis is Juridical Comparative, and also conducts Prescriptive Juridical Analysis. The first result of research Whereas basically the regulation concerning additional crime in the form of revocation of certain rights including the right to be elected and vote has been regulated in criminal code (KUHP) and constitution No 31 of 1999 about eradication of corruption crime. Secondly that although there has been renewal in RUU KUHP (Draft of Criminal Code) 2012 on additional criminal provisions can stand on its own, but with regard to the right to vote and to be elected is still unclear, so there is still a gap for criminals who finish criminal can become public officials again.
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Perkumienė, Dalia, Rasa Merkienė, and Biruta Švagždienė. "ETHICS AND WORKING CULTURE OF THE EMPLOYEES IN THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY." Laisvalaikio tyrimai 2, no. 4 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/elt.v2i4.212.
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Research background. Ethics covers various areas of life: personal, public and professional relations. Personal ethics studies the well-being of certain individual and their development methods. Social ethics emphasizes well-being of society, duties of individual persons in the society. In the professional ethics the main attention is paid to the behaviour of the representatives of a special field (Raipa, 2001). Employees working in public sector inevitably stick with ethic and working culture problems. Perhaps even more often than the representatives of other fields because they constantly communicate with people, help them to solve their problems every day, inform people about new products (Wagner-Tsukamoto, 2005). When having some contact with employees, people judge the morality and working culture of higher officers and the whole sector according to their behaviour (Chen, 2005). Therefore ethics and working culture of public sector employees should be as high as possible. Ethics is important not only in communication with customers (external environment), it is also important internally in the organization, in the mutual relations between colleagues and staff members (Palidauskaite, 2001). Ethical problems might cause different consequences. Some of them are solved almost unnoticed; the others have strong impact on persons or organizations. Ethical problems might occur and disappear or have a continuous character. The purpose of the work was to disclose the importance of ethics and working culture of the employees in the Klaipėda municipality sector. Object of the work was ethics and working culture of the employees. Methods. In this paper we used analysis of scientific literature, analysis of legislation, questionnaire survey, statistical analysis of the data, graphical modelling, specifying and summarizing, and logical abstraction methods. We also analysed scientific and practical materials of national and foreign authors (Raipa, 2001; Palidauskaitė, 2001; Chen, 2005; Fassin, 2005). In order to disclose the importance of ethics and working culture of the employees we chose municipality of Klaipeda region for the research. Conclusions. Organizations are unlikely to have just a single overarching culture. Instead, multiple cultures or subcultures are often present. Organizational cultures are shared experiences resulting from both low-and high profile successes and failures, patterns of conduct, and selfregulating practices. Ethics and working culture in the work of public sector are nonetheless important than in the work of other professions because they have to communicate with people every day. Work culture change is a process of giving and taking by all members of an organization. Formalizing strategic direction, systems development, and establishing measurements must be owned by the group responsible for them. Conflicts in the work of public sector are the negative appearance because of their negative impact on the person itself and the people around - customers, colleagues. It has a negative impact on the efficiency of work, communication, working atmosphere. The employees of Klaipeda municipality who participated in the survey agreed with the opinion that the standards of ethics applicable to the public officers are stricter than those applied to ordinary citizens and also the proper image of the employee helps to support public confidence in service. Keywords: working culture, ethics, employees, public sector.
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Qadri, Faisal Sultan, and Abdul Waheed. "The Contribution of Human Capital in Aggregate and Sectoral Production: Evidence from Pakistan." Global Business Review 21, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918778948.
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This article examines the strength of relationship between human capital and production at aggregate and sectoral levels. The study uses an annual data set from 1981 to 2014 taken from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The study used aggregate and sector-wise production models and applied augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test to check the order of integration and JJ co-integration. Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) tests are used to check the consistency of initial findings and the sensitivity analysis is performed in order to check the robustness of results. The study illuminates the impact of human capital on the production of agriculture, industrial and services sectors, and compares the strength of this relationship with the coefficients obtained through aggregate data. The study found evidence of positive human capital contribution in aggregate and sectoral productions; however, its magnitude is found to be similar in the agricultural and industrial sectors which was higher than the magnitude associated with the services sector.
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Nanda, Swagatika, and Ajaya Kumar Panda. "A quantile regression approach to trail financial performance of manufacturing firms." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 20, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 290–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2018-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to track the financial performance of manufacturing firms at different levels of their conditional quantiles. It also analyzes the relevance of revenue and cost channels along with key firm-specific parameters that influence firm’s profitability. Design/methodology/approach The study analyses a sample of 1,000 manufacturing firms over a study period spanning from 2000 to 2016. It uses both quantile regression and panel ordinary linear square (OLS) models to analyze the financial performance of the firms. Findings The study finds large scale of heterogeneity among the firms under different quantiles of profitability. Export earnings, firm size, asset turnover and volatility of exchange rate are the decisive determinants of financial performance across all quantiles. Financing assets by current debt is negatively impacting return on assets and return on capital employed of firms from lower quantile whereas profitability is positively impacted if they are financed by long term debt. Debt financing of assets does not make any sense for firms with high quantile of profitability. The study also finds that quantile regression approach is a better method than panel OLS models in the presence of highly heterogeneous and non-normal distributions. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to the financial performance of manufacturing firms and does not consider service sector which is also equally competitive. However, a sector wise analysis of firm’s profitability could be more meaningful than comparing all the firms in one basket of manufacturing domain. Practical implications The research findings have both practical as well as policy implications. Practically, the study helps the firm managers to identify critical success factors that significantly influence firm’s financial performance at different levels of profitability. It also helps the policy makers to align policy focus to stabilize firms at lower level of profitability and also to manage conducive business environment for all firms at different levels of their profitability. Originality/value The study provides a deep theoretical underpinning of literatures on firm’s financial performance and empirically investigates it using advanced methodology. The robust estimates of the study ensure to analyze financial performance under revenue and cost channels at diverse level of their profitability.
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Ciftci, Cemil, and Hakan Ulucan. "College majors and wages in Turkey: OLS and quantile regression with sample selection correction." International Journal of Development Issues 20, no. 3 (June 16, 2021): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-02-2021-0047.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the wage differentials of the majors in college education in Turkey, which is a country implementing an ongoing expansion in college education in recent years. Design/methodology/approach The study implements Mincreian wage regression using ordinary least squares, Heckman two-step estimation and quantile regression with sample selection correction by using household labor force surveys of TurkStat from the years 2014–2017. Findings The findings indicate one of the highest heterogeneity, close to 0.50 log points, between majors in the literature. The within-heterogeneity created by majors is highest among the graduates of social-behavioral sciences, law, biology, physics, mathematics, statistics, computer, engineering and manufacturing, as shown by a 90–10 difference, which is almost 700% for some of these majors. This study shows that the natural science and technical majors that are expected to be more productive and to be paid more fall behind in the wage distribution. Research limitations/implications Estimation results show that natural science majors, except for subjects allied to medicine and engineering, are paid lower than law and service-sector-related majors. This indicates that the predictions of the skill-biased technical change hypothesis are not valid in the wage profiles in Turkey and that some majors supply more than the sectoral needs. This casts doubts on the effectiveness of the ongoing higher education expansion process of the country. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on wage differentials of college majors, an area with limited studies. This is the first study analyzing wage differentials of the field of studies by correcting sample selection bias for the Turkish case.
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Dlamini, Banele, Julius Tapera, and Shynet Chivasa. "Can Sound Corporate Governance Alleviate Corporate Failure? A Study of the Zimbabwean Financial Services Sector." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 2(J) (May 18, 2017): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2(j).1652.
Full textAbstract:
This study, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression Model, investigated the extent to which good corporate governance practices can minimise or alleviate corporate failure in the Zimbabwean Financial Services Sector. The results of the study reflected that sound corporate governance has a positive effect on corporate success and can alleviate corporate failure. It is thus recommended that financial institutions continuously adhere to sound corporate governance practices to guarantee corporate success and alleviate the collapse of financial institutions as has been witnessed in the past. The findings of the study will assist policy makers, regulators and players in the financial services sector to adhere to sound corporate governance practices, given its impact on corporate success. Further research could be carried out with regards the implementation of sound corporate governance in parastatals, quasi-government institutions and private sector companies in other sectors other that the financial services sector and how it can be monitored or enforced.
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Dlamini, Banele, Julius Tapera, and Shynet Chivasa. "Can Sound Corporate Governance Alleviate Corporate Failure? A Study of the Zimbabwean Financial Services Sector." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2.1652.
Full textAbstract:
This study, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression Model, investigated the extent to which good corporate governance practices can minimise or alleviate corporate failure in the Zimbabwean Financial Services Sector. The results of the study reflected that sound corporate governance has a positive effect on corporate success and can alleviate corporate failure. It is thus recommended that financial institutions continuously adhere to sound corporate governance practices to guarantee corporate success and alleviate the collapse of financial institutions as has been witnessed in the past. The findings of the study will assist policy makers, regulators and players in the financial services sector to adhere to sound corporate governance practices, given its impact on corporate success. Further research could be carried out with regards the implementation of sound corporate governance in parastatals, quasi-government institutions and private sector companies in other sectors other that the financial services sector and how it can be monitored or enforced.
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Musa, Wasiu Ajani, Ramat Titilayo Salman, Ibrahim Olayiwola Amoo, and Muhammed Lawal Subair. "Impact of firm’s specific factors on audit fee of quoted consumer goods firms." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv4i1p4.
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Greater pricing presume on audit service has been put by the regulations of the auditing and accounting practices for the disclosure of audit fees, since audit fee is directly related to audit quality. However, the audit fees perceived by the client is often different from the amount charged by the auditors. Hence, this study investigated the impact of firm-specific characteristics on audit fees of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria using a purposive sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports of the companies for the period from 2009-2016. The empirical result from Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier Test (BP-LM) produced a chi-square value of 13.94 with p-value of 0.0001 indicating that pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) will not be appropriate for the study. The Hausman test showed a chi-square of 23.55 with a p-value of 0.001 indicating that the null hypothesis is strongly rejected. Thus, the only estimate from the fixed effect model was interpreted to explain the relationship between firm-specific characteristics and audit fees of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The result revealed that auditee size, auditee risk, auditee profitability and IFRS adoption are the firm specific characteristics that impact on audit fees with only auditee size and IFRS adoption being positively related to audit fees while the other factors are negatively related to audit fees. Based on this finding, this study concluded that the firm’s specific factors are the major drivers of audit fees in Nigeria consumer goods firms. This study recommends among others that companies should implement corporate governance principles that address issues relating to board independence and committee sizes to guide activities in the consumer goods sector since profitability behave negatively with audit fees.
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Dua, Pami, and Niti Khandelwal Garg. "Sectoral analysis of productivity in the developing and developed economies of Asia-Pacific." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 37–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-09-2018-0091.
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Purpose The study aims to empirically investigate the trends and determinants of labour productivity of the two broad sectors –industry and services – and their components, namely, manufacturing and market services sectors, in the case of major developing and developed economies of Asia-Pacific over the period 1980-2014 and make a comparison thereof. Design/methodology/approach The study uses econometric methodology of panel unit root tests, panel cointegration and group-mean full modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Findings The study finds that while capital deepening, government size, institutional quality, productivity of the other sector and financial openness affect productivity of all the sectors significantly, the impact of human capital and trade openness varies across sectors in the case of developing economies. Furthermore, the impact of technological progress becomes significant in the post-liberalization reforms period in the developing economies. The study further finds that capital deepening, human capital, government size, institutional quality, productivity of the other sector, government size and trade openness are significant determinants of productivity of all sectors of developed economies under consideration. However, the impact of technological progress is stronger for manufacturing sector than services and its components. Furthermore, while both equity and debt liabilities (as measures of financial openness) influence sectoral productivity of industry and manufacturing sectors positively and significantly in case of developed economies, only equity liabilities have a significant influence on the productivity of developing economies. This may indicate existence of more developed financial markets in the case of developed economies. Originality/value The study identifies important structural differences in determinants of productivity both across sectors and across developing and developed economies of Asia-Pacific.
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Abdulsalam, Alnoah, Helian Xu, Waqar Ameer, AL-Barakani Abdo, and Jiejin Xia. "Exploration of the Impact of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth in Asia and North Africa along the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041623.
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This empirical study has examined the impact of Chinese investments, namely infrastructure, energy, services, other investment sectors, and trade openness on the economies of the 25 Asian and North African countries along with the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative for a period of 2007 to 2016 using the Johansen Fisher Panel Cointegration Test, Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (PDOLS) model, and the Toda and Yamamoto technique for testing causality. The findings revealed cointegration among the variables and that the impact of Chinese investments on economic growth in the host countries is positive, but it has a weaker effect, to a certain extent, in all sectors of the host countries while trade openness positively impacts the countries. Furthermore, there is evidence of a unidirectional causality between some FDI (foreign direct investment) economies while the investment in services and other sectors does not cause economic growth in the host countries. Based on the results, the paper proposes that the host countries increase the FDI in the sector of infrastructure, energy, and technology to enhance their economies.
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Mahat, Fauziah, Aminah Shari, and Ahmed Mohamed Dahir. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between Equity and Composite Index in Bursa Malaysia." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2020.4.1.95.
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This paper examines the relationship between sectoral equity and composite index in Bursa Malaysia. The relationship between equity returns and composite index is investigated using correlation-based on Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and signal decomposition techniques based on wavelet analysis. The paper uses daily data from 1999 to 2019. The OLS result indicated that majority of sectoral equity have a higher correlation with the composite index except in tin and mining sector. The wavelet analysis indicates a majority of sectors are strongly co-move. For all indices, there are lead/lag relationships between the indices except for industrial, plantation, tin mining and trade, and services. The findings have important implications for helping individual and institutional investors to understand the co-movement of equity sectors and then formulate policy measures that encourage better portfolio diversification.
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Elshqirat, Mohammad K. "Testing Sectoral Herding in the Jordanian Stock Market." International Business Research 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n8p88.
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The main purposes of this quantitative study were to examine the existence of herding behavior among investors in Amman stock exchange (ASE) at market and sector level in addition to testing the behavior during the market rising and falling and examining whether the behavior existence is different before and after the global financial crisis of 2008. The theoretical base of the study was the behavioral finance which assumes that investors are not completely rational and they may follow others when taking investment decisions. The main enquires of the study were about the existence of herding in the Jordanian market, whether it's affected by conditions of market rising and falling, and whether it's affected by the financial crisis. A quantitative design was employed to achieve the purposes of this study which covers the period 2000 - 2018. Data were obtained from ASE website and analyzed using ordinary least squares method. The results indicated that herding is absent in the Jordanian market if tested at market level while it exists in services and industrial sectors if tested at sectors level. The financial crisis did not affect the presence of herding at market level while it did affect the behavior in services and industrial sectors. Moreover, the results revealed that market condition of rising and falling affected herding at market level but not at sectors level. It is also concluded that the global financial crisis changed the presence of herding behavior during conditions of rising and falling in market and in each sector.
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Javid. "Public and Private Infrastructure Investment and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Aggregate and Disaggregate Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123359.
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This study investigates the relationship between infrastructure investment and economic growth at the aggregate and sectoral levels, namely, the industrial, agriculture, and services sectors for Pakistan over the period from 1972 to 2015. In contrast to earlier literature, we make a comparative analysis of the different composition of infrastructure investments, including public versus private investment and infrastructure investment in sub-sectors such as in power, roads, and telecommunication sectors. The long-run relationship is estimated using fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) to address the problem of reverse causality. The main conclusion of this study is that both public and private infrastructure investments have positive but different effects on economic growth. In other words, the marginal productivities of private and public infrastructure investments differ across the different sectors of the economy. In most of the cases, public infrastructure investment has a larger impact on economic growth than private infrastructure investment. Two important policy implications emerge from this study, as follows: (1) The different elasticity estimates can be used by policy makers to quantify the impact of policies targeted at the specific sector and (2) the government should develop an enabled policy environment to attract private investment, with the consideration of structural characteristics of the various sectors. The involvement of the private sector in the provision of infrastructure would help to control the tight budgetary situation.
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Elshqirat, Mohammad Kamel. "Ramadan effect on sectoral herding." Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i6.1146.
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One variable that affects stocks prices in the financial markets is herding behavior. As the level of herding is not constant over time, its level may be different during some events. Herding may increase during religious events like Ramadan in the Muslim world causing volatility to increase and leading to unexplained stock prices. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Ramadan on herding presence at market and sector levels. The study was based on the behavioral finance theory which considers mood and behavior of investors as variables that may affect the prices of stocks. The enquiry that the researcher tried to answer was whether the presence of herding in the market and sectors is affected by Ramadan. To achieve the study purpose, a quantitative study was conducted using daily data from Amman stock exchange for the period from 2000 to 2018. Collected data were analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The Results of market-level analysis showed that market investors do not herd during and out of Ramadan. At sector-level, however, herding is absent during Ramadan and exists out of it in services and industrial sectors while it's absent in both times in the financial sector.