Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ordre économique international'
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Tukan, Lina. "Equité et nouvel ordre économique international." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0024.
Full textTabournel, Jean-Simon. "Nouvel ordre économique international et pouvoir." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020113.
Full textBased on the acknowlegement of mutual interests, the project for a new international economic order is an attempt at establishing a new type of relationships hitherto lying on the balance of power and the logic of conflicting interests. The hypothesis is that this claim to put forward new international cybernetics has been resisted by the ruling powers because it went against the current world system whose state of crisis helps indeed to hide geographical, political and technological basic redeployment. The demonstration, which falls into three parts, follows a machiavelian approach. The first part shows how the ideology of the world governing classes, whose paradigm of reference is transnationality, imposes a type of outward development weakening all the partners; such is the global logic which is challenged by the nieo project. The second part expounds the contents of the nieo which, through the various perceptions of the protagonists - upheaval for some, offer of cooperation for others - make up a doctine of socio-economic nationalism whose ambition is to reconcile economic growth and provision of the essential needs of the populations. The mythical dimension of the nieo project can be viewed, in terms of ethno-psychiatry, as a phenomenon of compensation and sublimation, and also as a counter-utopian project. The third part highlights the process of destruction of the nieo; first the noxiousness of the project and its "semi-socialist" character are exposed through doctrinal criticism and utopias that take over part of its contents, then the third-world states are intrinsically unable to sustain the overall dynamic of the nieo project. Eventually, the third world countries are brought into line by the geographical and geostrategical requirements of the two superpowers and are considerably weakened by the policies of multinational firms. The nieo project is wrecked by the logic of transnational capitalism
Kamal-Abdelaziz, Sameh. "D'un nouvel ordre économique international à l'autre : aspects de droit international économique." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOD002.
Full textThe 1970s episodically witnessed comparatively radical demands from most third world countries for the institution of a new economic order based on three fundamental principles: permanent sovereignty over natural resources, the economic rights and obligations of states, and the recognition of the right to a compensatory inequality. This position led to confrontation with transnational corporations and disagreement about the commonest form of contractual arrangement, viz. State contracts. By contrast the 1980s were marked by changes running counter to the radical claims of the previous decade. A general trend towards greater freedom in international trade incited developing countries to reappraise their ideologically-based position. Moderation in their relations with transnational corporations has made genuine cooperation a feasible proposition. These changes and this more moderate attitude are reflected in the more widespread acceptance and use of arbitration as the standard means for settling international trade disputes and as the means of regulating international business. Key words : arbitration, state contracts, corruption, debt, investments, privatization, new economic order, transnational corporations, codes of conduct, permanent sovereignty over natural resources, third world, GATT, WTO
Ndo, Ndong Jean-Sylvain. "La faisabilité d'une intégration économique en Afrique Centrale : un essai de redéfinition des conditions d'optimalité." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10051.
Full textSchryve, Ludovic. "L'ordre public et le droit des sociétés." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL20004.
Full textPublic policy and corporate law have traditionnaly tumultuous reprts. The presence of the fomer in tha latter is inextricably linked to the rôle that intends to play the State in the economy. The public policy of comporate law is oftendescribed as detailed and repressive. It would be a reflection of an era, that of the after war, where the State intended to control and govern all parts of economy. The tendency to regulate gradually fades now in the face of globalisation and the widespread opening markets to international competition. This redefinition of the rôle of the State does affect the concept of public policy in corporate law ? It is always embodied in an «economic» public policy or has evolved into its foundations or its tecnicals to adapt to the new relationship which the State is required to maintain with the market ?
Barry, Abdoulaye M. "L' Intelligence du Développement, une analyse du "sous-développement durable"." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10001.
Full textIf globalization is not a novelty, the third millennium one has a worldwide challenge for peace keeping and stability around, after two World Wars embodied in the XXth century. The interdependence between nations has never so much been revealed, for the political and economical disturbance of breeding insecurity underlies dire poverty. The research project deals with a current topic concerning the majority of mankind, namely poverty control targeted at the Third-World underdevelopment. The research objective aims at designing conceptual tools crafted for helping with the complex management of development aid. To this endeavour, cooperative programs are scrutinized through Economic Intelligence (EI) with the cross section of management and communication sciences. Via interdisciplinary process, molecular biology allows investigation to proceed towards Development Intelligence (DI), applicable to the North South systemic relationship among recursive forces. The double helix operating pattern by pair shows the information flow through S-C-P analysis around developed and developing countries, regarding distribution of productive resources. Information management is no longer at stake; DI holds management by information on its ground to tackle sustainable underdevelopment. Based on corporate EI, it fits into International and Local Development schemes as International and Local Development Intelligence (ILDI)
Dormoy, Daniel. "Le commerce des produits de base et l'action internationale : contribution à l'étude juridique de l'ordre économique international." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10066.
Full textLee, Yearn-Sook. "L'exploitation des ressources des fonds marins et le Nouvel Ordre Économique International." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131036.
Full textDeep seabed mining in the area of the "common heritage of mankind" raise, first of all, a problem of commodity trade, for the reason that appearance of new resources supply in the mineral market could produce a harmful economic effect which could be encounter by developing land-based producer states. In this context, the subject relating to deep seabed mining is shaped among the international actions carried on for a N. I. E. O. By the concept of "common heritage of mankind", if it needs an international law which can assign the best equitable share-out of world's wealth, the struggle against the economic inequality between the states has to be a precondition to the wealth's sharing out. That's why the policy of deep seabed mining with a view to the protection of interest of developing land-base producer states is places in the centre of legal and political regime which govern the international area. The measures adopted in this respect - at the same time, for the stabilization of commodity market and for the realization of the principle of compensatory inequality's treatment - take on a great importance in order to define the integration of the doctrine of N. I. E. O. In the management of international area
Abdelkhalek, Ayadi. "La Méditerranée : enjeux mondiaux et forces régionales : (de la guerre froide aux prémices du Nouvel Ordre International 1945-1991)." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0026.
Full textAmini, Sara. "Les ordres publics international et économique en droit international : entre confrontation et articulation." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010284.
Full textRabaey, Olivier. "Altermondialisme et droit international : essai sur la remise en cause de l'ordre international et ses limites." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIMD010.
Full textAs a work combining international law and political science, this thesis aims at analyzing the interactions between anti-globalization and international law. It shows that anti-globalist movements have started using international law to challenge the international liberal economic order, and as such, have become visible actors on the international stage. Yet they have not provoked the major upheavals they expected: the other possible world is still a sweet dream. Although these groups bluntly interfere in the States’ political debates, their influence in elaborating and applying international law is still very limited. Most of their proposals to transform or create norms remain lex ferenda. Nevertheless their contribution in thinking about a globalization law is real. In some fields, anti-globalist movements are now true “law creative forces”. Their suggestions are attempts to connect economic and financial globalization to a political and legal vision based on other ends than mere profit. By criticizing the agreements on which the global economic architecture is built, and by promoting different norms, they may help to “enrich the reference public order of the economic globalization law”
Vallee, Jean-François. "La nécessité d'une mise en cohérence d'un ordre juridique environnemental et économique mondial." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0006.
Full textIs the hypothesis of a more balanced global governance for the sustainable development ofboth trade and environment plausible?Are the institutions devoted to environmental protection really efficient?Are they not too scattered to be effective? Don’t they lack some kind of coherence?Can institutions in charge of trade development enforce environmental rules? Do they havethe means to do so?In an ultra-free market context the phenomenon of deregulation seems to favor thedevelopment of economic and financial activity at the expense of a strengthening ofenvironmental measures.It seems necessary to consider reconciling the rules of free trade-based international trade lawand the vital requirements of environmental protection law within the scope of sustainabledevelopment.Should then one contemplate creating a new specialized international body in charge ofgoverning the global environment? Or on the contrary, should one strengthen an alreadyexisting organization by granting it a dual competency , responsible for working out a newinternational sustainable development law by enacting a set of unified and coherent trade andenvironmental rules; ( A kind of international sustainable development law).The transformation of the multilateral system, the strengthening and the greening of itsstructures appear as possible solutions to handle both environmental concerns andcommercial requirements.This ambitious challenge of a fairer, more balanced global governance probably provides anopportunity to see how necessary it is to combine environmental law and international tradelaw; this coherence in global environmental and economic law seems possible
Khodri, Aïssa. "L' égalité souveraine des états et la solidarité internationale pour le développement : contribution à l'étude juridique du concept de nouvel ordre économique international." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D038.
Full textBadorc, Isabelle. "Les interventions des collectivités locales françaises en faveur de l'aide au développement du Tiers Monde." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0026.
Full textNkondi, Firmin Alfred. "L'investissement direct étranger et les autres flux de capitaux nord-sud : analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020027.
Full textBertran, de Balanda Marie. "Inégalité de développement et droits de l'homme : en référence à la doctrine du nouvel ordre économique international (1960-1990)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32009.
Full textThe consideration of human rights in the field of development with reference to the doctrine of the new international economic order has prompted an enlargement of their content : - it has stressed the importance of the two first generations of human rights i. E civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights in the process of development. - it has given rise to a third generation of human rights : solidarity rights (right to development. . ), which are representative of the adjustment of the notion of human rights to the economic and social context, both at the national and international levels. The idea of an order based upon the principle of solidarity has consequently, because of the magnitude of the unequality of development, given rise to the definition of rights granted to the collectivity (people, developing countries. . ) in contrast with the prior generations of human rights which were essentially individualistic in nature. As they imply obligations on the part of developed countries in favour of developing countries, solidarity rights have contributed to the extension of the scope of human rights beyond the domestic jurisdiction with consequences over the concept of sovereignty and non-interference
Poutier, Elisabeth. "La Fonction achat équitable : une éthique de la relation Nord-Sud au sein des filières en commerce équitable." Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0701.
Full textAmong those companies that belong to the fair-trade platform (PFCE), the specific function of fair-trade buying stands as a central focus. It is a hybrid function combining two logics: one ethical, and the other, economical, in the implementation of North-South paths abiding by the principals set in the PFCE chart. This ethical logic is materialized by (1) sustainable partnerships with South producers who hence become actors of their own development after being trained on the issues of economic mechanisms in the North, and (2) the setting of a fair price of the products bought. This is an economical logic which allows each producer to develop his/her company while satisfying the responsible consumer in the North. Our exploratory analysis of two paths in the textile and food industries along with the integration of situational and personal variables seem appropriate to better comprehend the ethic inherent to the buying function in a fair-trade context. Following our analysis, it seems that the fair-trade buyer is motivated, in solidarity, politically involved, and rational. He/She develops a know-how in terms of doing, being and behaving in the context of his/her structural function in the North South relationship, which is based on trust
Ould, Zidbih Daoud Maely. "Contribution à la recherche du nouvel ordre économique international : les assurances maritimes sur facultés en Mauritanie." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D026.
Full textThe insurance policies in mauritania are subject to a state monopoly under the rules of industrial and commercial public institutions, who in turn obey more or less successfully, both the rules of public law and the rules of private law. Mainwhile, this situation only began in 1974 in that before the french colonization, insurance was unrecognized in mauritania for two reasons; the muslem law forbides aleatory contracts, and the social stratification in the country that hinders the emergence of individual insurance. Colonization soon introduced this habit through insurance agents representing important european insurance companies. Thereafter, all the french speaking african countries go to adopt the french legislation in the field of insurance. So whilst impelled by the nationalist political movements and by the unctad resolutions, most of the third world countries including mauritania tended towards the creation of national insurance markets, unfortunately in most french speaking african countries, the legislative aspects of contracts and insurance policies have often been left out of these efforts. Thus, the mauritanian company for insurance and reinsurance "smar", uses the french policies of cargo insurance of 1944, which in most ways is outmoded by the international system. But the originality of theses new markets of cargo insurance lies on their compulsory aspects. Infact, in order to better equilibrate their balance of payments most third world countries have had to adopt the compulsory local insurance for importation "aloi", which consist in giving their own insurance markets as an official domicile, while insuring their importations. But this attitude quickly affected the international market of direct of direct subscription for insurance and reinsurance. The resulting consequencies are the main subject of the present thesis
Vahidpour, Mehdi. "Les positions economiques des pays non-alignes." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05D001.
Full textThe movement of non-aligned countries, created in 1961 at the height of the cold war, concerned itself initially with political problems. The aim of the movement was the defence of their national independance which was threatened by the hegemory of the two superpowers. Decolonization was, thus,their claim. Non-alignement was completed, beginning in 1970 and specially furthered in 1973 due to economic claims ; to the extent that reorganisation of theinternational economic system aimed at creating a new international economic order. It is the group of the 77 that took this responsability ; and the movement is reduced to the role of catalyst within the group. The economic positions of the nonaligned countries are of two types : south-south relations and northsouth relations. Through these economic positions the non-aligned countries want to realize their independance and develop their economies. In horizontal relations the final goal is to realize individual and collective autonomy. In vertical relations their economic positions are characterized by a dialectic of independance and interdependance. Throu gh economic independance, the non-aligned desire to choose freely their economic system, exercise sovereignty over their natural resources (. . . )
Fall, Daouda. "Le conflit du Golfe 1990-1991 : de l'ordre ancien au Nouvel ordre mondial." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0009.
Full textMbeumen, Roger. "Les marchés publics internationaux dans les relations nord-sud." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020069.
Full textDezalay, Yves. "Marchands de droit : l'expansion du "modèle américain" et la construction d'un ordre juridique transnational." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0018.
Full textBy taking advantage of the attack of the big multinational law firms that threaten the structural balance of the continental system of justice, this research attempts to understand the dynamics of anglo-saxon corporate law practice : the new modes of production and concentration of resources within the law-firm ; the increasing flexibility in the division of work between practitioners and theorists that permits greater mobility between the different fractions of the legal elite. This analysis is based on the observation of bankruptcy and take-over practices whose exceptional rise in profits was a major contribution to the restructuring of this professional field. The opening of borders exacerbates rivalry on the market of consulting and brings competition into the heart of the production of pure law. The law factories are not only menacing the model of lawyer as a generalist craftsman but also threaten the alliance between professors and high judges that characterizes the romano-germanic tradition of "professorenrecht"
Camara, Alia. "Un exemple de coopération Nord-Sud : les incitations fiscales au développement économique en Guinée." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020037.
Full textSchmitt, Boris. "Ressources naturelles et développement dans le monde tropical : les contradictions entre dynamiques écologiques, reproduction sociale et ordre économique international." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995156.
Full textMoselle, Henri. "Les "non-alignés" dans les relations internationales." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10011.
Full textDecolonisation and the sudden and massive arrival of young nations on the international scene constitute a crucial event of the second half of twentieth century. Non-alignment has provided these new states that acceded to international life among the great powers with a comprehensive doctrine. The movement of the non-aligned has dedicated the essential of its activities to denouncing imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, all forms of occupation, interference and hegemony. Though disputes and diverging interests do exist between its members, the movement arouses great expectations. Its ambition is to promote a new system of international relations in keeping with the changes that have taken place in the world, by trying to re-define and re-formulate their claims in a new renewed global context. The UNO is the privileged instrument for the non-aligned for the success of their claims so as to find a new power balance leading to the establishment of a new international order based on equality, justice, solidarity and democracy
Rafie, Hossein. "Le pétrole du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord dans les relations internationales : des années 1970 à nos jours." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10023.
Full textPetroleum is not purly an economical product, its main role in world economy and its concentration in Middle East and North Africa (two third of world reserves) made influence international politics. Knowing the nature of the region, petroleum and politics make one. The politicization of oil of the region starts, first of all, with the efforts of some powers, through their companies to dominate oil countries, which by reaction incites these countries to eliminate foreign domination and establish their national control on oil matters. The situation is changing progressively. The position of productive states got stronger with the beginning of the 1970th which permitted the use of oil, in a way relatively efficient, as an instrument of power. Consequently the balance of power shifted deeply in the favour of producers. On this basis, the argument consists of three parts: the first puts theoric bases - theory of economical arme - and defines geographical and historical environnement of the research. The second part studies the period of force of the oil countries, from the fourth israelo-arabe war and oil embargo that followed it, to the end of the second oil slump. The third part explains the shift of power on the international scene and the relative decline of oil power for the states of the region. The analysis of impact of the oil slump in 1986 and the mini-impact of the second Persian Golf war, quickly dominates, lead to clear the actual situation and out, line the view-point of the future
Jolif, Hervé. "L'action extérieure de l'Union européenne en matière de politique économique et monétaire." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G041.
Full textThe European Union has been granted new competences on 1. January 1999 when economic and monetary union was achieved and has a single currency which has been from the beginning the second largest currency in the international monetary system (IMS) as a unit of account, a means of payment and a store of value. The transfer at EU level of new competences and the economic weight of the European Union in the world economy make it possible to define and implement an external action in the field of economic and monetary policy. Being a legal person in the international legal order does not imply that the Union has become an actor of international economic and monetary relations. To do so, the Union has to remove the internal obstacles to its successful emergence at international level and define the modalities of its external representation and its participation to the IMS activities. Being an actor of the IMS is an essential element of the external action of the Union in the field of economic and monetary policy, but is not sufficient. The Union shall also define and promote its own global strategy on reforming the international financial and economic governance, with action plans for each level of international cooperation and a contractual policy which can serve its interests towards its partners. At present, all these requirements are not met and may only be realised if the Union and its Member States find lasting solutions to the current sovereign debt crisis and achieve legal, institutional and financial reforms that are necessary
Kholti, Abdennaceur. "Recherches sur la notion de légitimité en droit international." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN20013.
Full textLegitimacy - setting generally the problem of the "foundation" and the obligatory nature of the law - has always occupied a limited place in the legal analysis mainly because of its legally non - defined character. On the other hand, if, in the internal law, the problem of the legitimacy seems to find a solution in the existence of a higher organ liable to bring about the necessary meditations between the controls on legality and the appreciations on legitimacy, the situation is different in the international law in the sense that the states - main subjects law avail themselves of various legitimacy likely to lead to conflicts un case of need to appraise legal and political situations. This situation is manifest in the classic international law where legitimacy has always been considered as a property of the internal order of the states. But this apparent neutrality of the international law with regard to every model of legitimacy, is basically explained both by the appropriateness between legitimacy and legality, and the pre-eminence of the principle of effectiviness. Moreover, the changes which took place in the international society - materialized by the action of the newly independent states will break up this block of validity, by dissociating legitimacy and legality, and will thus call for a new legitimacy
Mercure, Pierre-François. "L' évolution du concept de patrimoine commun de l'humanité appliqué aux ressources naturelles." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0033.
Full textThe concept of common heritage of mankind was first elaborated in the wake of the major decolonization era of the 1960s. The newly formed states, whose economic development was greatly behind, came up with this concept in order to ensure for themselves an equitable share in the control and the revenues generated by the development of natural resources common to mankind considered then as exploitable. The action of developing countries fitted in with a strategy aimed at reaching a new international economic order whose objective was the fair sharing of the world's wealth. Developing countries, however, quickly came to realize that their hopes of seeing an equitable sharing of these resources were evaporating as the ideological considerations underlying from the outset this new international economic order were shrinking. The occurrence of global environmental problems allowed developing countries to demand, through the concept of sustainable development, the implementation for their benefit of the constituent elements of the new order sought, less its ideological tenets. North-south relations, through which the concept of common heritage of mankind was debated, were centered at first round the management of natural resources still untapped : outer space, the moon, celestial bodies and the deep-seabed, and secondly, the management of other overexploited natural resources and threatened by pollution : the atmosphere, the ozone layer and biological diversity. Such concept will be adhered to by the states in the management of some of them and rejected by those same states in the management of others, according to economic interests overshadowing the negociations related to them. A study of north-south relations will allow to take a critical look at the evolution of the concept of common heritage of mankind applied to the management of natural resources and suggest a mecanism able to assure their fair sharing
Abaza, Karmel. "Alliances stratégiques et dépendance vis-à-vis du partenaire : le cas des entreprises tunisiennes." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2001.
Full textIn the specific context of Tunisia, cooperation between local firms and foreign partners is a widely-observed phenomenon. In order to investigate this cooperation and its consequences, we will try, in this contribution, to explore the partners’ behaviours which seem to be strongly characterized by a dependency between the Tunisian firms and their partners. We will measure the level of dependency of local firms and we will try to explain this phenomenon through four management variables which may be considered as decisive. In order to do that, on the basis of a large literature review, a qualitative study has been done by in-depth interviews with twelve Tunisian firms precisely selected. We will see that dependency is not always a restricting condition of the environment but can be a choice
Gherzouli, Khaled. "Partenariat interentreprises nord-sud : structures explicatives et conditions d'émergence de relations coopératives et réussies : (cas de l'Algérie)." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOE010.
Full textThis work deals with the north-south inter-firm partnership. The question is centred on the identification of the explanatory structures and of the crucial factors which could allow cooperative and successful relationships. The partnership is defined here like a durable relation between independent firms which commit themselves actively and mutually as part of a community of interests. In the same way, the success is described as the positive situation corresponding to the division of the profits obtained between all the parties involved in the symbiotic project which is conducted. However, two levels of success have been discerned : overall success and commercial success (simple division of market opportunities). The theoretical model suggested here distinguishes three different logics of interpretation of the partnership between firms from unevenly developed countries : - a srategic logic centred on the distinction of the differences of implications and motivations in the partnership. - an organizational logic which conceives the partnership like an innovating interorganizational configuration allowing the emergence of a mass of technical and managerial learning. - a politico-economic logic in which we have to consider the partnership as an adapted managing to reach the resources available in the "partnerial environment". However, through the explanatory structures emphasized here, it seems that the overall success goes along with a strict respect of the next three series of factors
Hafiz, Maan. "La crise et la guerre du Golfe : questions soulevées par le droit international public." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR1004.
Full textSeveral important points of the International Law (I. L. ) have been breached referring to the Gulf Crisis and War. The border disagreement between the tow countries and economic problems were the main reasons for the Iraqi invasion into Kuwait. By this invasion, Iraq had violated the rule which states that force is not allowed to be used to settle any disagreement between states. Iraq had breached diplomatic and humane law during his occupation of Kuwait. There was an immediate worldwide reaction to this invasion especially by the Security Council (S. C. ) of UN how had ordered economic sanctions against Iraq. After the authorization by the Security Council to use "all necessary means to uphold and implement" the Council's resolutions, the Allied Forces succeeded to free Kuwait after a technological war during wich both sides had violated many rules of the law of war. After the cease-fire, the Security Council decided the demarcation of the Kuwaiti-Iraqi boundray and named Iraq responsible for war losses in addition to paying them back. Also the economic sanctions continue in order to destroy all the destructive weapons of Iraq. Meanwhile, the new world order was only enforced by the USA to facilitate its mission
Chu, Lan-Phuong. "Le régime commun applicable aux importations de l'Union européenne à la lumière du système de préférences généralisées (SPG) communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40060.
Full textVieille, Blanchard Elodie. "Les limites à la croissance dans un monde global : modélisations, prospectives, réfutations." Paris, EHESS, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01085023.
Full textThis work is focused on the Club of Rome report of 1972, which stresses the existence of global limits to growth, and in consequence, the necessity of drastic political measures. It asks the question of material, political and cultural conditions which allow the rise of discourses about the nastiness of population and economic growth at a global level, considered in relation with the development of the Third World and the Cold War. It analyses the genesis of the Club of Rome project, in order to clear up the paradox of a call to stabilize the world economy, emanating from an industrial and political elite. In this perspective, it studies the contrasted influences of environmentalist discourses and future studies on the modelling project of the Club. It studies how the choice of System Dynamics implies a particular translation of the Club "Problématique" into a mathematical model, focused on limits to growth. This work tries to understand how the lively debate of the 1970s, pro or anti growth, rapidly leaves place to a consensus about the goodness of growth. The inequalities between North and South, and the best technological and economical means allowing overtake material limits are the main interest of these new studies. New approaches (global modelling and environmental economics), with a new framing of problems, render the project of zero growth unconceivable, and assert the goodness of economic growth for human development and environmental preservation
Deusy-Fournier, Pierre. "L'UEM et la cohérence du polycentrisme monétaire." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100128.
Full textThe thesis aims at analyzing the effects of the European monetary union (emu) on the stability of the international monetary system (ims), and at specifying its prerequisites. It begins by trying to define the nature of competition between currencies, and rejects the traditional neoclassical framework, because of the evidence of externalities and due to the collective nature of the money. Reference to the economics of networks aims at unifying both approaches in a homogeneous theoretical and conceptual framework. A simulation synthesizes it, by focusing on the contradictory interaction between the dynamics induced by fixed costs and the rigidity of monetary habits. Subsequently, it is confirmed by a statistical and descriptive study of the balance of powers between moneys since 1975, as well as by a historical review of international monetary systems discussed and implemented since 1945. Through asking what really a good ims is, and developing the decisive distinction between actual and potential capital mobility, a typology of the various possible regimes may be deduced; and intermediate imss prove to be the most robust. However, the future of the new monetary principles settled with the plaza and Louvre agreements remains uncertain, though interventions seem to be more efficient, and though the emergence of independent central banks implies the development of real monetary doctrines. In the end, some questions related to emu are tackled, using the former results and a final modelisation. Emu is indeed a real "revolution" which unsettles monetary habits and frees the external effects attached to international money. Hence the decisive importance of the transition period, and the necessity of a real consistency of the new European monetary identity. The outcome for the polycentric ims will depend on both the regionalization of international monetary networks, and the degree of co-responsibility implemented
Wabenga, James Yango. "Les facteurs démographiques comme déterminants des soldes extérieurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30932/30932.pdf.
Full textThis thesis develops a dynamic general equilibrium model to analyze the impacts of the demographic factors on the external balance of countries. The model of Gertler [1999] is generalized in an international economy including two economic zones, the first one representing the developed countries, with an ageing population, and the other one including the developing countries, having a young population. The results of the simulations reveal that the rate of savings of a country depends on the structure of age of his population. The developing countries have a high rate of savings while developed countries have a low rate of savings. As a consequence, the model predicts that developing countries have an external balance surplus coupled with the debts and developed countries have an external balance deficit.
Valli, Stéphane. "Changements techniques, commerce et développement. Synergies et effets contrariés : essai sur les relations Nord-Sud depuis les années soixante." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21003.
Full textPetiteville, Franck. "La coopération décentralisée pour le développement." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21001.
Full textThis thesis deals with a new way of development aid towards the third world, carried out by franch local authorities. In france, this process first appeared in the early 1980s and become increasingly important over the past decade. This phenomenon is now called "decentralised development aid". The first part of the thesis describes the paradoxical rise of this phenomenon in the context of the crisis of development iad. The second part aims at evaluating three different forms of decentralised development aid : urban and administrative aid by french cities to third world cities, "economic decentralised aid" (industry, technology, agriculture), and cultural and humanitarian cooperation between twinned cities of france and africa
Dupouey, Jacques. "La dimension juridique de l’intégration régionale des pays d’Asie du Sud-Est : intégration et ordre juridique international : le cas de l’ASEAN." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100075.
Full textThe countries located in Southeast Asia have, very soon, during the postcolonial period, foreseen to regroup to forming a regional organization named “ASEAN” (Association of nations of Southeast Asia). We would like to address the concept of economic regional integration from a legal perspective based on the example of ASEAN. This will in particular lead us to distinguish such a concept with other terms similar or very closed, such as regionalism, regionalization and economic cooperation. What are the features of regional integration? What are its manifestations? Despite all the diversity of regional organizations the purpose of which is to build an economic integration within a specific region, what are the common features that a lawyer can observe? How to reveal the ASEAN regional organization through the economic integration process it has launched and strategies chosen by it? What are its peculiarities? What are the challenges it has to face to achieve its integration goals through the following three dimensions: the ASEAN Economic Community, the ASEAN Political &Security Community, and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community? What external support can ASEAN receive to strengthen its regional integration process? Southeast Asian countries look for a closer proximity between themselves on the basis of intergovernmentality and with the deep concern of recognition and protection of their sovereignty that lead to favor Soft law more than hard law in decision-making production. Our approach will be well differentiated from those adopted so far by the economists and political scientists or experts in international relations and will not be reductive to a Eurocentric viewpoint. The main features and the internal dimension of the ASEAN will be addressed in a first part, while the second part will be devoted to the external dynamic of the economic integration of the ASEAN based on a selective choice of partnerships (EU, free trade agreements, Asian Development Bank, APEC)
Toutaou, Mohamed. "Le droit au développement : perspectives à partir du droit international de l'environnement." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD037.
Full textThe right to development is linked to the ideology of development and appears as a claiming of a new international legal order. But, facing new global stakes raised by international environmental law, the right to development sees its foundations questioned and little by little demined, by the concept of sustainable development. It is then fed by the new perspectives brought by the right to a healthy environment in connection with the ethical stakes carried by human rights. The coherence of development policies cannot be realized without taking into consideration human rights and thus without taking into consideration its environmental living conditions. To reach the goals of a fair international company, it is necessary to restore a priority in the fundamental rights within the approach of sustainable development. The late awareness of the risks pressing on the environment led to make press threats on the international security and it is necessary thus at the moment to rethink the right for the development with regard to the emergent question on the international scene of the environmental security. New architecture of international environmental governance appears as essential for the realization of the right to development and to offer more widely other perspectives of development beyond a strictly economic approach. An institutional reflection led on the creation of a world environmental organization allows to envisage an international ecological order built in a more united and more coherent joint representation with regard to the ecological, economic and social realities
Hadjri, Bouhadjar. "Les enjeux de la coopération entre zones d’inégal développement : le cas du partenariat euro-méditerranéen." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21027.
Full textCouratier, Josyane. "Le système Antarticque." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010291.
Full textThe geographic and climatic specificity of the antarctic continent has generated problems in international law regarding sovereignty, jurisdiction and management of activities and resources in the area. The purely nationa-listic answers of states to these problems have been replaced since 1959, when the Antarctic treaty was signed, by a kind of collective administration. With the passing of time and the emergence of new problems related environnemental protectio and the conservation and exploitation of living and mineral resources consultative mechanisme provided for by the treaty have generated important le-gal and institutional developments. These mechanisms which, together with their offsprings have develop their own dynamics, have been labelled "the Antarctic treaty system", by comparison and opposition with the un system and other regional legal systems. The present study covers the relations between the antartic traety sys-tem and general international law and the un system. Such an examination bears a particular interest at a time when the group 77 is questioning the regime establishes by the treaty in 1959. A last part of the study tries to analyse the reasons behind the success of the system
Kalodikis, Nikiforos. "L'ordre public économique sociétaire devant le phénomène des montages : approche comparée du droit français et du droit grec." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA008/document.
Full textThe economic public order of the legal entities of commercial law (companies, partnerships,entities with limited liability of their members) is the total of mandatory rules and mandatory principles which act in the legal organization and structuring of the above entities and put the limits of the freedom of the individuals in this domain. ln this perspective, the entities of commercial law are seen as the legal expressions of the enterprises, socioeconomic organizations implicating a multitude of different interests, but also "places" of the private economic power, which cannot be totally abandoned in the domain of contractual freedom, especially regarding the most developed forms of such entities. The french term "montages" expresses on the contrary the endeavor of the individuals and of their autonomy to exploit to the maximum the margins of freedom let by the law of the entities of commercial law, moving often toward the limits between the legal and the illegal or even pursuing ends beyond doubt illegal. These montages can be defined in their relationship with the economic public order of the entities of commercial law, as the efforts of the individuals to adjust the normal effects of this public order, or to evade these effects, or to manipulate sets of rules of this public order to serve ends atypical or even unlawful. The montages can be acts of organizational law (acts of constitution, decisions of the organs of the entities of commercial law) or acts of the law of contracts (contracts of the entity with its members or directors, contracts between the members of the entities - especially shareholders-, contracts between these members and persons exterior to the entity) ; they can also use and manipulate the entities of commercial law themselves beyond their destination to be legal forms of enterprises-autonomous economic unities (especially this is the case in the groups of legal entities of commercial law) or even beyond any use as legal forms of enterprises. The result of these considerations is the need to study the different montages found in the practice of the two countries under comparison and examine the attitude of their laws toward those montages, by the examination of their basic mechanisms of distinction between the lawful and the unlawful and of the application of these mechanisms on the different montages and by the study of the mechanisms of sanction of the unlawful montages
Sekola, Joseph. "Le transfert de technologie militaire non nucléaire, un aspect des relations Nord-Sud." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR30008.
Full textThe underdeveloped world (or 3rd world), both responsible and victim of so many tensions and conflicts, is attempting ot solve its own security problems by working out ambitious military programs. Through their purchases of modern armament, the underdeveloped countries hope to acquire and efficient and reliable defense, technologically proper and no longer backward. So as to avoid the political and financial expenditures of the said military programs, many underdeveloped countries require from their conventional military equipment providers some sort of cooperative aid in order to be able to build their own arms-industry. Hence the purchase of conventional armament becomes less important than munufacture proceedings and know-how and gives a new sharpness to the debate between north and south about military technology transfer. This concept (embracing both manufacturing licences and the setting up of co-producting systems by means of which northern and southern partners work together to manufacture different arms parts) is supposed to respect the different stages of apprenticeship. Affording underdeveloped countries a proper technological answer, in spite of their backward situation and immense needs, may serve as a stepping-stone to their advancement. Technological self-determination, for underdeveloped countries, depends from positive, realistic actions at a sub-regional, national and international level. Which means teaching a scientific staff and regional co-operation with an exchange of competences, together with a diplomatic action so as to revise 1883 "Convention d'union de Paris", and setting up a "good behaviour code" for technology transfer. Armament industry, by means of its technological and human connections with civilian society, becomes from now on an essential and favourable production parameter for future development
Sierra, Philippe. "Géohistoire et géopolitique de deux Sud à développer : Sud-Est mexicain (isthme de Tehuantepec) et Sud marocain (Anti-Atlas occidental - Ifni)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083598.
Full textGlobalization is the support of new geopolitical representations. In Morocco as in Mexico, the State produced new speeches to value their proximity in the countries of the North. At the same time, European Union and the United States of America integrate their neighbours of the South into their security migratory policies. A new vision of the national territories is set up in which the North-south divide is a key element. The purpose of this work is to understand what it implies for the regions which are far away from it. Through the case study of the isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico and Sidi Ifni in Morocco, this Ph D aims at describing the implementation of new representations and to understand their genesis using a geohistorical and geopolitical approach
La globalización es el soporte de nuevas representaciones geopolíticas. En Marruecos como en México, el Estado produjo nuevos discursos para valorizar la proximidad con los países del Norte. Paralelamente, la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos de América integran a sus vecinos del Sur en sus políticas de seguridad migratoria. Una nueva visión de los territorios nacionales se pone en marcha en la cuál la división Norte-Sur es un elemento clave. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender lo que esto implica para las regiones que son alejadas de la « frontera Norte ». A traves del estudio de caso del Istmo de Tehuantepec en México y de Sidi Ifni en Marruecos, esta tésis intenta describir la formación de nuevas representaciones y entender su génesis en un marco geohistórico más largo
Tohoubi, Sidonie. "La succession d'États et le droit du développement." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10044.
Full textNew nations, principally those that are formed after de-colonization have, after obtaining independence, generally rejected all aspects of international law, including legislation concerning the succession of states. They consider that these rules were made by and for other states and they can not be applied to them, or at least not all of these laws. However, there is a contradiction between this theoretical rejection of what existed before the creation of these ans their actual practice in the process of succession, which reveals an almost total continuity. In fact, it is neither a succession nor an automatic continuation, since these stages, which are for the most part economically weak countries, and consequently preoccupied with the problem of development, have managed as a result of their contestatory attitude, to develop new laws favorable to them out of the old norms which they had initially criticized
Haddad, Saïd. "Les integrations economiques regionales et le nouvel ordre mondial." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05D017.
Full textThis thesis studies the political aspects of the regional economic integration zones. It studies also its effects on the international order. This thesis is divided in two main parts. The first part examines the economical and political scope which permits the creation of the zones and makes an analysis of main existing zones all around the world. The second part examines regionalism as a symbol of the new centrality of economic policy in foreing affairs. This thesis tries to analyse the implication of regionalism for the international order established since 1945 and attaches importance to the struggle for power and leadership between the united states, the european union and east-asia in the new world order
Yapaudjian-Thibaut, Anne. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités : une évaluation en équilibre général calculable." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2002.
Full textIn the industrialised countries, in the 1980s, the rise in wage inequality and unemployment takes place in a context of intensified competition and development of trade flows. The objective of thesis is to examine the linkage between globalisation and labour market. Within the framework of North-South relations, we will focus more precisely on the distributive conflict generated by an exogenous trade policy. The first part of the thesis exposes the main theoretical and empirical lessons on the impact of trade openness under perfect competition hypothesis. Then, we develop an applied general equilibrium model with a multi-region and multi-sector specification, to assess the impact of North-South Trade on earnings distribution in industrialised countries. Simulations show that the ongoing North-South globalisation does not generate necessarily a net loss for unskilled labour. In the second part, the research work is devoted to an analysis of the effect of North-South trade with imperfections in both goods and labour markets. We show that imperfections in goods market do not lead to reconsider fundamentally the trade impact. Nevertheless, the employment and wage adjustments, generated by globalisation, are closely linked through labour market paradigms
Tsagalidis, Dimitri. "" La Grèce et le Tiers Monde " : "essai sur la position internationale de la Grèce et ses relations avec le Sud"." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0023.
Full textRwabihama, Jean-Paul. "Éthique de la recherche biomédicale dans les pays émergents : mise en place de comités d'éthique en Afrique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1600/.
Full textOver the years, ethics of medical research has grown remarkably. The complexity of the research process and the ethical issues raised by the clinical trials in African countries has drawn our attention. The creation of ethics committees in Africa in order to facilitate the expansion of biomedical research in the Global South based on Western texts has raised questionings on the protection of vulnerable populations in these countries from the South. The implementation of the ethical principles developed in such a way that it integrates with difficulty into the African culture and despite of the benefits of medical research, the impression of exploitation persists among African populations. In this context, and in order to propose new lines of enquiry, it seemed important to gather certain general principles of the ethics of research and the related texts, whose implementation in Africa does not harmoniously integrate with the local socio-cultural values. The notions of informed consent and individual autonomy clash with certain African values like community life with the sense of belonging to its ethnic group, whose interests come before those of the individual. The particularities bound by the African context such as illiteracy, the inaccessibility of primary health care, different traditional representations seem unsuitable for the current requirements of research ethics. This contrast between the countries from the North and from the South is very distinguishable within this field. How to call for participants to a research project for the evolution of modern medicine when 80% of the potential participants treat themselves with traditional medicine? It is important to specify that the interest of pursuing medical research in the countries of the South cannot be questioned, however, the way of conducting research does require a major revision. In order for us to understand the creation process of the ethics committees in charge of protecting the participants in medical research, a survey was conducted in 20 African countries demonstrating the evolution of ethics in this region. The consultation with the ANRS' sites in Africa and the Pan-African clinical trial network that took place subsequently, confirmed an evolving operating North-South partnership. Yet it is still necessary to contextualize and to reinforce independence. This task may be reserved for scientists and researchers in African humanities and social sciences. The fundamental principles of research ethics should be Africanized in order for Africans to adhere to the procedure of medical research conducted in their settings by the appropriation of the revised principles based on the cultural markers that identify them