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Academic literature on the topic 'Ordres de gènes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ordres de gènes"
Hesketh, John E., and Stéphane Villette. "Intracellular trafficking of micronutrients: from gene regulation to nutrient requirements." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 4 (November 2002): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002176.
Full textCHEVALET, C., and D. BOICHARD. "Sélection assistée par marqueurs." INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (December 2, 1992): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4307.
Full textLABROUE, F. "Facteurs de variation génétiques de la prise alimentaire chez le porc en croissance : le point des connaissances." INRAE Productions Animales 8, no. 4 (September 23, 1995): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1995.8.4.4132.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Ordres de gènes"
Thévenin, Annelyse. "Aspects algorithmiques des réarrangements génomiques : duplications et ordres partiels." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768996.
Full textMontazer, Torbati Mohammad. "Etude de l'organisation des gènes des protéines du lait au sein du noyau et attachement de ces gènes à la matrice nucléaire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0031.
Full textMilk protein gene expression is induced during pregnancy and peaks during lactation under the influence of lactogenic hormones. WAP is a major protein in the milk of some species, in which WAP gene expression is specific to the mammary gland and related to variations in the chromatin structure surrounding the gene. In the human, mouse and pig, the WAP gene is localized between the ubiquitously expressed Tbrg4 and Ramp3. Our results reveal a differential DNA methylation profile, not only between mammary gland and liver, but also throughout the WAP locus. These variations in the methylation profile have been linked to the presence of several matrix attachment regions (MARs) which were predicted around the mouse and rabbit WAP gene in silico. Our studies have now shown that one of these MARs, located at +13 kb downstream of the WAP gene, was associated to the nuclear matrix through its interaction with Topoisomerase II. Four other MARs located at -14. 5, -11, - 2. 2, and +8. 5 kb from the transcription start point of the WAP gene were identified in HC11 cells using macroarrays, specific to the mouse WAP locus. A fifth MAR, located at +3 kb downstream of the WAP gene, was only detected in non-induced HC11. These MARs may contribute to organization of the chromatin surrounding the WAP gene in several loops. The loop containing the WAP gene was larger in induced cells (10. 7 kb) than that in non-induced cells (5. 2 kb) and could explain the differential expression profile of the WAP gene. Two other MARs predicted in silico and located at - 16 and -7. 4 kb may bind to SATB1. They may anchor the chromatin to the nuclear matrix in cells expressing this protein such as lymphoma or aggressive mammary tumor cells, and contribute to repressing expression of the WAP gene
Meyer, Robert. "Classes d'universalité du temps de premier passage en milieu complexe : application à la régulation de l'expression des gènes." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066530.
Full textGuillemin, Claire. "Dynamique des changements de structure chromatinienne et de localisation sub-nucléaire de loci tissu-spécifiques au cours de la différenciation hématopoïétique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077070.
Full textCellular differentiation is the process by which cell acquire a new phenotype to accomplish specific functions through activation of a specific subset of genes and silencing of the remainder. These gene expression programs are determined not only by the availability of combinations of transcription factors, but also by modulation of higher order chromatin structure and by positioning in the nucleus relative to a "non-permissive" heterochromatin compartment. The relationship between chromatin structure, chromosomal movements and cell-fate decisions is still a matter of debate. Our working hypothesis is that a tissue-specific nuclear architecture could help establish expression profiles specific of a given differentiated state. My work helped us to address the temporal aspect of epigenetic modifications associated with commitment and differentiation of multipotent haematopoietic progenitors. We also tried to define the chromatin structure and global nuclear organization that underlies the self-renewal and multilineage potential of primitive haematopoietic cells. Our results show that haematopoietic immature progenitors have a "permissive" chromatin structure and their commitment towards a given lineage is associated with progressive increase of active chromatin marks at lineage-affiliated genes. At later stages, i. E. In committed precursor cells, we showed that maintenance of the active or silent states is associated with positioning in, respectively, a permissive or non-permissive compartment of the nucleus, suggesting that subnuclear localization is implicated in maintenance of a tissue-specific chromatin state rather than in setting a particular chromatin state
Lemoine, Frédéric. "Intégration, interrogation et analyse de données de génomique comparative." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112180.
Full textOur work takes place within the « Microbiogenomics » project. Microbiogenomics aims at building a genomic prokaryotic data warehouse. This data warehouse gathers numerous data currently dispersed, in order to improve functional annotation of bacterial genomes. Within this project, our work contains several facets. The first one focuses mainly on the analyses of biological data. We are particularly interested in the conservation of gene order during the evolution of prokaryotic genomes. To do so, we designed a computational pipeline aiming at detecting the areas whose gene order is conserved. We then studied the relative evolution of the proteins coded by genes that are located in conserved areas, in comparison with the other proteins. This data were made available through the SynteView synteny visualization tool (http://www. Synteview. U-psud. Fr). Moreover, to broaden the analysis of these data, we need to cross them with other kinds of data, such as pathway data. These data, often dispersed and heterogeneous, are difficult to query. That is why, in a second step, we were interested in querying the Microbiogenomics data warehouse. We designed an architecture and some algorithms to query the data warehouse, while keeping the different points of view given by the sources. These algorithms were implemented in GenoQuery (http://www. Lri. Fr/~lemoine/GenoQuery), a prototype querying module adapted to a genomic data warehouse
Gallut, Cyril. "Codage et traitement phylogénétique des caractères structuraux de génomes entiers." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066424.
Full textEng, Catherine. "Développement de méthodes de fouille de données basées sur les modèles de Markov cachés du second ordre pour l'identification d'hétérogénéités dans les génomes bactériens." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10041/document.
Full textSecond-order Hidden Markov Models (HMM2) are stochastic processes with a high efficiency in exploring bacterial genome sequences. Different types of HMM2 (M1M2, M2M2, M2M0) combined to combinatorial methods were developed in a new approach to discriminate genomic regions without a priori knowledge on their genetic content. This approach was applied on two bacterial models in order to validate its achievements: Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptococcus thermophilus. These bacterial species exhibit distinct genomic traits (base composition, global genome size) in relation with their ecological niche: soil for S. coelicolor and dairy products for S. thermophilus. In S. coelicolor, a first HMM2 architecture allowed the detection of short discrete DNA heterogeneities (5-16 nucleotides in size), mostly localized in intergenic regions. The application of the method on a biologically known gene set, the SigR regulon (involved in oxidative stress response), proved the efficiency in identifying bacterial promoters. S. coelicolor shows a complex regulatory network (up to 12% of the genes may be involved in gene regulation) with more than 60 sigma factors, involved in initiation of transcription. A classification method coupled to a searching algorithm (i.e. R’MES) was developed to automatically extract the box1-spacer-box2 composite DNA motifs, structure corresponding to the typical bacterial promoter -35/-10 boxes. Among the 814 DNA motifs described for the whole S. coelicolor genome, those of sigma factors (B, WhiG) could be retrieved from the crude data. We could show that this method could be generalized by applying it successfully in a preliminary attempt to the genome of Bacillus subtilis
Frénoy, Antoine. "Second order selection pressures promoting the evolution and maintenance of cooperation in microbial and in silico systems." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T050/document.
Full textIn the first part, I show how digital organisms adapt their genomes to encode cooperation-related genes in a more constrained way (evolvability suppression), especially using operons and overlaps also involving essential genes. In the second part, we experimentally test this view of gene overlaps as an evolutionary constraint, using both algorithmic and synthetic biology tools that we have developed. In the third part, I use agent-based simulations to show how a form of division of labour can be interpreted as a cooperative system in the light of modern evolutionary theory. In the final part, I show that the patterns of dispersal of cooperative alleles due to hitchhiking phenomena play an important role in the evolution of cooperation. The last result holds even though the hitchhiking mechanisms also applies to non-cooperative alleles, thanks to the relatedness (at cooperation-related loci) created by the local invasion of beneficial mutations (at loci not related to cooperation). The beneficial mutations form a complex and interesting equilibrium with mutational robustness, which I investigate using in silico evolution. On the whole, these results call for a more careful consideration of the second-order selection pressures in the study of social evolution, and show the necessity for more realistic models allowing to integrate such evolutionary forces. My thesis research specifically highlights the importance of the mutational landscape in the study of microbial populations and shows the increasing potential of synthetic biology as a tool to study such landscape and microbial evolution in general
Benzaid, Billel. "Évolution des génomes par mutations locales et globales : une approche d’alignement." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18470.
Full textDuring the evolution process, genomes accumulate mutations that may affect the genome at different levels, ranging from one base to the overall gene content. Global mutations affecting gene content and organization are mainly duplications, losses and rearrangements. By comparing gene orders, it is possible to infer the most frequent events, the gene content in the ancestral genomes and the evolutionary histories of the observed gene orders. In this thesis, we are interested in developing new algorithmic methods based on an alignment approach for comparing two or a set of genomes represented as gene orders and related through a phylogenetic tree, based on global mutations. We study the theoretical complexity and the approximability of different variants of the two gene orders alignment problem by duplications and losses. Then, we present the existing exact exponential time algorithms, and develop efficient heuristics for these problems. First, we developed DLAlign, a quadratic time heuristic for the two gene orders alignment problem by duplications and losses. Then, we developed OrthoAlign, a generalization of DLAlign, accounting for most genome-wide evolutionary events such as duplications, losses, rearrangements and substitutions. We also study the phylogenetic alignment problem. First, we adapt our heuristic OrthoAlign in order to infer ancestral genomes at the internal nodes of a given phylogenetic tree. Finally, we developed MultiOrthoAlign, a more robust heuristic, based on the median problem, for the inference of ancestral genomes and evolutionary histories of extent genomes labeling leaves of a phylogenetic tree.