Journal articles: 'Ore mineral genesis'

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CARRANZA, Emmanuel John M. "Thematic Issue: Isotopic Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits-Implication for Ore Genesis." Resource Geology 61, no. 4 (September 22, 2011): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2011.00169.x.

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Shapovalov, Yu B., A. R. Kotelnikov, I. N. Suk, V. S. Korzhinskaya, and Z. A. Kotelnikova. "Liquid immiscibility and problems of ore genesis (according to experimental data)." Петрология 27, no. 5 (August 18, 2019): 577–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5903275577-597.

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The results of an experimental study of phase relations and distribution of elements in silicate melt–salt systems (carbonate, phosphate, fluoride, chloride) melt, silicate melt I–silicate melt II, and also in fluid – magmatic systems in the presence of alkali metal fluorides are presented. Salt extraction of a number of ore elements (Y, REE, Sr, Ba, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ta, W, Mo, Pb) was studied in liquid immiscibility processes in a wide temperature range of 800–1250°С and pressure of 1–5.5 kbar. It is shown that the partition coefficients are sufficient for the concentration of ore elements in the quantity necessary for the genesis of ore deposits. In the fluid-saturated melt of trachyrhyolite, the separation into two silicate liquids has been determined. The partition coefficients of a number of elements (Sr, La, Nb, Fe, Cr, Mo, K, Rb, Cs) between phases L1 and L2 has been obtained. The interaction processes of a heterophase fluid in the granite (quartz)–ore mineral–heterophase fluid (Li, Na, K-fluoride) system were studied at 650–850°C and P = 1 kbar. The formation of the phase of a highly alkaline fluid–saturated silicate melt – Ta and Nb concentrator is shown as a result of the reaction of the fluid with the rock and ore minerals.

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Zamiatina, D. A., and V. V. Murzin. "The Tamunier gold deposit in the Northern Ural: Physicochemical formative conditions, ore and fluid sources, genesis." LITOSFERA, no. 1 (March 17, 2019): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2019-19-1-139-147.

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Research subject.This research study was aimed at investigating metasomatic minerals and ores in the Tamunier Deposit, which is located in the Northern Urals, at the Eastern side of the Tagil megazone within the Auerbach volcano-plutonic belt.Materials and methods.Well core samples were investigated using a complex of research methods, including optical and electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, mineral geothermometry, thermobarogeochemistry (microthermometry, gas chromatography, determination of the salt composition of fluid inclusions in minerals) and isotope geochemistry (isotopes C, O, S, Sr, Pb).Results.A genetic model describing the formation of the Tamunier deposit was developed using the data obtained on its geological structure, mineral composition of metasomatites and ores, fluid formation mode, sources of ore matter and ore-bearing fluid. In the proposed model, the magmatogenic sodium chloride fluid carrying ore components and S is separated from the Auerbach complex at the depth of intrusion. Penetrating to the surface, this fluid interacts with the rocks of volcanic-sedimentary strata, thereby extracting a number of components, including CO2, S and Sr.Conclusion.Despite the presence of sulphide mineralization of hydrothermal-sedimentary genesis in the volcanogenic-sedimentary rock mass, the data obtained has allowed us to refer the gold-sulphide ores under study to magmatogenic-hydrothermal formations. The estimated P-T conditions (t= 100–370ºС andP= 0.4–0.6 kbar) and the shallow depth of the Tamunier field have shown its correspondence to the sub-epithermal level in the model of the porphyry-epithermal ore-magmatic system.

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Lin, Bing Xia, Ming Guo Deng, and Xu Wen Liang. "Characteristic Analysis of Texture and Structure of Ores and Genesis of Luziyuan Pb-Zn Polimetallic Deposit in Zhenkang, Yunnan, China." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.311.

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The main ore structure of the deposit include: disseminated structure, emulsion droplet-like structure, banded structure, vein-like structure, the massive structure, brecciated structure, etc.; The main ore texture include: crystalline granular texture, the replacement texture, solid solution separation texture, interstitial texture, etc. According to the ore fabric characteristics and metal minerals and gangue mineral combination, type and shape since the degree and mineral in space analysis of characteristics of the relationship, the mining area can be roughly divided into three periods: sedimentary diagenesis stage, the initial formation of the sources, hydrothermal reformation metallogenic stage and supergene stage. It was considered that Luziyuan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is the hydrothermal deposits for early deposition, the late hydrothermal transformation.

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Clout, J. M. F. "Upgrading processes in BIF-derived iron ore deposits: implications for ore genesis and downstream mineral processing." Applied Earth Science 112, no. 1 (April 2003): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0371745032501153.

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Novakov, Roman, Valentina Kungurova, and Svetlana Moskaleva. "Formation conditions of noble metal mineralization in sulfide cobalt-copper-nickel ores of Kamchatka (on the example of Annabergitovaya Schel ore occurrence)." Journal of Mining Institute 248 (May 25, 2021): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.2.5.

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The authors present research results, the purpose of which is to study the specifics of noble metal mineralization and its genesis in sulfide cobalt-copper-nickel ores of the Kamchatka nickel-bearing province. The paper is dedicated to one of its many ore occurrences called Annabergitovaya Schel (Annabergite Gap). The material composition of platinoid, silver, gold, bismuth and tellurium minerals, as well as sulfarsenides in the ores of this occurrence was investigated. Based on the data of mineral formation sequence and the use of geosensors, conclusions were drawn regarding the genesis of noble metal mineralization. Formation of platinoid minerals, silver and gold at the Annabergitovaya Schel ore occurrence is mainly associated with the epigenetic effect of post-ore granitoids on ore-bearing intrusion rocks of the Dukuk complex of the cortlandite-norite formation and on syngenetic ores. An early association of noble metal minerals is represented by sperrylite, irarsite, and rare unnamed phases of Pt + Ir + Te. Irarsite and Pt + Ir + Te phases were formed at the contact-metasomatic stage. Sperrylite can be assumed to be of magmatic origin. Silver sulfides and tellurides, silver and palladium bismuth tellurides, and native gold were formed at the late, hydrothermal-metasomatic, stage. The occurrence conditions of mineral parageneses, associated with noble metal mineralization, correspond to the formation of shallow-depth metasomatic rocks (5 km). Sub-developed quartz-feldspar metasomatites, associated with the formation of early platinoid arsenides and sulfarsenides, are in equilibrium with circumneutral solutions (pH of 4.5-6.5) at temperatures of 350-600 °C. Late hydrothermal association with Pd, Ag and Au minerals is close to propylites and was formed at pH values of 4.5-6.5 and temperature of 150-350 °C.

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Sklyarov, E. V., A. V. Lavrenchuk, A. E. Starikova, V. S. Fedorovskii, and E. A. Khromova. "Genesis of manganese ore occurrences of the Olkhon Terrane." Петрология 27, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-590327187-104.

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Geological and mineralogical data are reported on the manganese occurrences of the Olkhon terrane (Western Baikal region), which are localized in metadolerites of the Ustkrestovsky Complex, high-temperature mafic hornfels, granites, calcitic marbles and calciphyres, and occasionally are developed as separate veins in gneiss granites or small lenses in quartzites. Most of them are made up of high-temperature mineral assemblages (Opx + Cpx + Pl + Ilm ± Grt± Bt ± Amp), the main manganese carriers in which are ferrorhodonite (33–36 wt % MnO), orthopyroxene (6–12 wt % MnO), and ilmenite (3–16 wt % MnO). Obtained data are in conflict with traditional concepts that these rocks are gondites (manganese-rich metamorphosed sediments) or that manganese flux in carbonate sediments was related to the volcanic activity that occurred simultaneously with sedimentation at about 500 Ma. The diversity of manganese occurrences was produced by metasomatic processes that occurred almost simultaneously with regional metamorphism and emplacement of subalkaline mafic bodies during collisional tectonogenesis (about 470 Ma).

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Poudel, Lalu, and Sujan Devkota. "Petrology and Genesis of the Bhainskati Iron Ore Deposit of Palpa District, Western Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 28, no. 1-2 (December 2, 2013): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v28i1-2.26237.

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The Bhainskati Formation of the Tansen Group in Palpa area is known for hematite iron ore deposit for long time. A prominent band of hematite of about 1-2 km thickness extending >5 km was identified in the upper part of the Bhainskati Formation in the present study and the band is repeated three times in the area by folding and faulting. Petrographic study shows that it is oolitic ironstone of sedimentary shallow marine origin. Main minerals in the band are hematite, goethite, quartz, calcite, siderite and albite. Hematite content varies considerably among samples and occurs mainly as oolite and cement. The Bhainskati ironstone with its ferrous mineral assemblage and well-rounded texture of the ooids suggests prodeltaicto estuarine with shallow marine environment reduced clastic input.

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Zhang, Yan, Runsheng Han, Shuming Wen, and Pingtang Wei. "Physiochemical Restrictions of Mineral Zoning of Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Deposit in SW China." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4261795.

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The Chuxiong basin, located in southwest China, is well known as a mineralization area of red-bed type copper deposits in China. These deposits are characterized by mineral zoning, which is especially true for the Dayao deposits. The mineral zoning is consistent for both horizontal and vertical zoning; from the base (center) of the ore body to the top (outermost), the mineral zones are from hematite, chalcocite, chalcocite + bornite, and bornite + chalcopyrite to pyrite. We studied the mineral zoning in detail using a thermodynamic phase diagram method, such as log⁡fO2-log⁡fS2, pH-log⁡fO2, and pH-Eh, and discussed the constraints on the order of the minerals precipitation under different physiochemical conditions. It is indicated that changes in temperature have little effect on pH and Eh in the formation of minerals. S2− is stable only below 473 K, and the forming temperature of chalcocite must be below 473 K. In this paper, we also explain the mineral zoning formation mechanism and propose that the main controlling factor of mineral zoning is pH. Because this mineral zoning is widespread in sediment-hosted deposits, studies on this mechanism can considerably promote better understanding of the genesis of ore deposits in order to guide the exploration.

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Devkota, Sujan, and Lalu Prasad Paudel. "Petrology and genesis of the Bhainskati iron ore deposit of Palpa District, western Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 15 (January 21, 2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7418.

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The Bhainskati Formation of the Tansen Group in the Palpa area is known for hematite iron ore deposit for long time. A prominent band of hematite of about 1-2 m thickness and extending >5 km was identified in the upper part of the Bhainskati Formation in the present study. The band is repeated three times in the area by folding and faulting. Petrographic study shows that it is oolitic ironstone of sedimentary origin. Main minerals in the band are hematite, goethite, quartz, calcite, siderite and albite. Hematite content varies considerably among samples and occurs mainly as oolite and cement. The Bhainskati ironstone with its ferrous mineral assemblage and well-rounded texture of the ooids suggests shallow marine environment (prodeltaic to estuarine) with reduced clastic input. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7418 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 15, 2012, pp. 63-68

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NAUMKO, Yurii, Myroslav PAVLYUK, and Andriy POBEREZHSKYY. "Geochemistry and thermobaromometry of mineral-forming fluids and thermobarogeochemistry of evaporites – world-famous scientific schools." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 1, no. 182 (January 23, 2020): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.062.

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Fundamental and applied achievements in the fields of geochemistry and thermobarometry of mineral-forming fluids and thermobarogeochemistry of evaporites are summarized as the basis of the corresponding world-famous scientific thermobarogeochemical schools established by professors V. A. Kalyuzhny and O. Yo. Petrychenko at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the basis of creative development of ideas of predecessors with the support of academicians Ye. K. Lazarenko, V. S. Sobolyev, H. N. Dolenko. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of schools to geological science, which is determined by the formed knowledge base on geochemical and thermobaric parameters of fluid environments of mineral-ore- naphthidogenesis in the Earth’s lithosphere (according to data of fluid inclusions research). In this context, in view of the enormous array of available data, the composition, physicochemical properties, genesis of fluids of the upper mantle and crust are briefly discussed and it is shown that the course of processes of petro-, mineral-, ore-, naphthidogenesis and formation fields of hydrocarbon, ore and non-ore minerals is determined by the peculiarities of degassing (defluidization) of the Earth and its influence on the conversion of carbon compounds during terrigenous, organogenic, hemogenic sedimentation and on the processes of diagenesis of sediments of various origins. The obtained data on the reproduction of the evolution of the fluid regime of rock complexes contribute to solving the fundamental problem of geochemistry of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon-hydrogen matter) and deep (endogenous) fluid flows in the Earth’s lithosphere as an important basis for mineralofluidological model of the planet. They played a decisive role in substantiating at the Institute on the basis of abiogenic-biogenic dualism universal approaches to the processes of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons in the form of a new fundamental paradigm of oil and gas geology and geochemistry, the polygenesis of natural hydrocarbons in the Earth’s bowels, which increases the potential of oil and gas resources of promising regions, including Ukraine. This creates the preconditions for the identification of promising rock complexes for hydrocarbon, ore and non-ore minerals by applying the obtained fundamental thermobarogeochemical data in forecasting, exploration and operational practice on the basis of developing of new non-traditional geotechnologies for assessment and exploration of hydrocarbons and minerals.

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Disnar, J. R. "Volatile hydrocarbons in Ba-Zn-Pb ore genesis: analysis and use in mineral exploration." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 38, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(90)90102-g.

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Ostapenko, Nikolay, and Olga Neroda. "On the genesis of the gold-silver deposit Kupol (North-East of Russia)." Domestic geology, no. 4-5 (October 27, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2020-10022.

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A new version of genesis of the epithermal gold-silver deposit Kupol (Chukotka), its mineral composition of ores and conditions of ore-localization based on the analysis of published geological materials on the geological structure had purposed in this article. The active thermal ore-forming role of completing the volcanic cycle of the multiphase subvolcanic complex’ the proximal bodies of the Upper Cretaceous rhyolites had been proved. The main factors of this deposit’ formation and the conditions that favored the appearance of large ore bodies and rich ores were considered. The magma chamber, unified faulty magmatic and fluid conductor, rock screen, flank clusters of subvolcanic rhyolite bodies and their integral thermal anomalies that initiated and sustained the deep fluid thermal convection under the screen, its mixing with fractured pore and meteoric waters and formation of gradient temperature zones, were considered among the main factors. The conjugation of these factors in space and time, the active tectonic regime and the long-term preservation of the deformation plan were the favorable conditions for ore formation. They maintained the high permeability of the fluid conductor, prevented a wide dispersion of fluids and provided a telescopic deposition of different mineral parageneses.

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Kokovkin, Aleksandr. "On the genesis of the gold-silver deposit Kupol (North-East of Russia)." Domestic geology, no. 4-5 (October 27, 2020): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2020-10023.

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A new version of genesis of the epithermal gold-silver deposit Kupol (Chukotka), its mineral composition of ores and conditions of ore-localization based on the analysis of published geological materials on the geological structure had purposed in this article. The active thermal ore-forming role of completing the volcanic cycle of the multiphase subvolcanic complex’ the proximal bodies of the Upper Cretaceous rhyolites had been proved. The main factors of this deposit’ formation and the conditions that favored the appearance of large ore bodies and rich ores were considered. The magma chamber, unified faulty magmatic and fluid conductor, rock screen, flank clusters of subvolcanic rhyolite bodies and their integral thermal anomalies that initiated and sustained the deep fluid thermal convection under the screen, its mixing with fractured pore and meteoric waters and formation of gradient temperature zones, were considered among the main factors. The conjugation of these factors in space and time, the active tectonic regime and the long-term preservation of the deformation plan were the favorable conditions for ore formation. They maintained the high permeability of the fluid conductor, prevented a wide dispersion of fluids and provided a telescopic deposition of different mineral parageneses.

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Nikiforov, Alexander. "ORE CONTROL OF KHIZOVAARA STRUCTURE DEPOSITS." SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue1.02.

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Abstract Ore-controlling factors determine the patterns of formation and localization of mineralization within ore regions and deposits. The need for this study arises from the importance of integrated assessment of mineral resources and improvement of metasomatic formation techniques. This is especially important for geological materials which are mined for their direct commercial value (industrial materials). This article is devoted to the study of the ore control of complex industrial minerals. The Khizovaara structure belongs to the Tikshozero greenstone belt. Within the structure, a multistage metamorphism and metasomatism processes are manifested. The totality of lithological, structural and petrologic ore control factors determines the existence within the structure of several deposits. These are deposits of industrial minerals, such as garnet, quartz, muscovite, kyanite, staurolite. In almost all cases, the ores are complex. The following objects were studied: Southern Lens (kyanite + quartz) deposit, Northern lens (kyanite + quartz) deposit, East Khizovaara (muscovite + quartz) deposit, Vysota-181 (garnet + staurolite + kyanite + muscovite + quartz) deposit, ore occurence Fuxit (decorative rocks). For the ores of each site, the processes of regional metamorphism of the amphibolite facies of kyanite-biotite and muscovite-chlorite-kyanite subfacies are important. Metamorphism, tectonic regime and geological connection with rocks has been studied as a ore control factor, based on this, data on the quantitative distribution of industrial minerals of metamorphic genesis have been obtained. Acidic and alkaline metasomatites of each site are considered. On the basis of these data, metasomatic processes that lead to the formation of complex ores are revealed. The process of superposition of metasomatosis products of the late stage on the products of early stage metasomatosis was studied. This process leads to the formation of complex ores of three or four minerals. The result of the work is a general scheme of metamorphic and metasomatic ores control

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Kovalenker, V. A., O. Yu Plotinskaya, G. D. Kiseleva, E. A. Minervina, S. E. Borisovskii, O. M. Zhilicheva, and Yu I. Yazykova. "Scheelite of the Bystrinsky skarn-porphyry Cu-Au-Fe deposit (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia): genetic implications." Геология рудных месторождений 61, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-777061667-88.

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The first results of the study (methods of mineragraphy, cathodoluminescence (CL), electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS)) of scheelite from quartz-molybdenite and quartz-carbonate-sulfide vein-veinlet (porphyry type) are considered, as well as the magnetite-sulfide massive, veinlets and disseminated (skarn type) mineralization of the skarn-porphyry Cu-Au-Fe deposit of Bystrinskoye (East Transbaikalia) one of the largest gold-copper porphyry ore-fields in Russia. It has been established that scheelite, being not the main mineral of the deposit ores, is found almost everywhere, which makes it possible to identify its key features reflecting the specific features of the genesis, both of different types of mineralization and the deposit as a whole. It is shown that scheelite from different types of ore mineralization has clearly determined individual characteristics, differing in prevalence, ensembles of associated minerals, color of CL and fluorescence in the UV-light, composition and concentrations of macro- and microelements, as well as the nature of REE-spectra. These distinctive features testify to a significant difference in the conditions for the formation of the studied ore types and reveal the dependence on the physicochemical and compositional parameters of the mineral-forming medium, which makes it possible to consider scheelite as a fundamentally important genetic indicator of the evolution of mineral formation patterns. Concentrations of Mo in scheelite, the type and form of REE-spectra, which are generally, determined both by the inheritance of the mineral-forming fluid chemistry and the peculiarities of isomorphic occurrence of REE in the structure of the mineral, and variations in the redox properties of the mineral-forming fluid, are of key importance.

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Prokofiev, Vsevolod Yu. "Editorial for Special Issue “Fluid Inclusion Characteristic of the Gold Deposit and Its Implication for Ore Genesis”." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030240.

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Khanchuk, A. I., V. V. Ivanov, E. K. Ignatiev, S. V. Kovalenko, and D. V. Semenova. "Alb-Cenomanian granitoid magmatism and copper ore genesis of the Sikhote-Alin." Доклады Академии наук 488, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524883298-302.

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Late Albian-early Cenomanin epoch of Au-Cu porphyry mineralization has been distinguished within the Sikhote-Alin. It is associated with the Alb-Cenomanian granitic rocks which emplacement coincided with the processes of orogeny and neoformation of continental lithosphere caused by compressive stress in the setting of transform continental margins of that time. The intrusion of the granitic magma into the crust of Jurassic accretionary wedge terranes and Early Cretaceous terrane of epicontinental turbidite basin provoked development of Au-Mo-Cu and Cu-Au-W ore genesis, respectively. U-Pb dating of zircons from host granites of the Malmuzh Au-Cu deposit yielded Alb-Cenomania age of 100-95 Ma. This age harmonizes with the age data reported by other researchers on the granitic rocks of East and Southeast Asia which are productive for hydrothermal mineral deposits of copper, gold, tin and other metals. Such age consistency suggests that there is Albian-Cenomanian metallogenic megabelt extending throughout the entire East Asian continental margin.

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Kryukov, Viktor G., Natalya A. Lavrik, Natalya M. Litvinova, and Valentina F. Stepanova. "Typomorphic minerals oxidation zone of gold-copper porphyry ore of the Malmyzh deposit (Svoboda)." Georesursy 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2019.3.91-98.

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The Malmyzh gold-copper porphyry deposit located in the central part of the Khabarovsk region has a rather developed oxidation zone. The object was identified during the exploration and evaluation work in the 70s, but received a negative assessment in terms of prospects for ore gold. LLC “Amur-Minerals” began to geological study of Malmyzh zone in 2005. Exploration work continues at the present time. The mineral composition of primary ore deposits is well studied. While the common minerals like a limonite and goethite are marked for the oxidation zone the most of minerals that may have a typomorphic meaning in solving genetic and other issues are beyond the purview of researchers. The study relevance of the mineral composition of the oxidation zone are due to the fact that its share and intensively oxidized ores account for up to 7% of gold and copper. The authors carried out a mineralogical and technological composition research of the oxidation zone of one of the sites of the Malmyzh deposit using small technological samples. The main part of samples is kaolinized and limonitized diorite porphyrites. In the oxidized ores, there are: limonite, goethite, magnetite, pyrite, less often – arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and developed on copper and iron sulfides, covelline, bornite, azurite and malachite. Visible grains (0,2-0,7 mm) were established using mineralogical analysis including instrumental. They are: native gold, platinum, platinum zirconium intermetallic, copper, aluminum, zinc; diamonds are typomorphic minerals of both practical and theoretical importance. Blast tube consisting magmatic-hydrothermal breccias was opened in the northwestern part of site. Thus, the association of the listed minerals is unique and allows to restore the conditions of formation of the oxidation zone and the genesis of primary ores.

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Li, Shunda, Xuebing Zhang, and Lingling Gao. "Ore Genesis at the Jinchang Gold–Copper Deposit in Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and H–O–S Isotopes." Minerals 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020099.

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The Jinchang gold–copper deposit is located in Eastern Heilongjiang Province,Northeastern China. The orebody comprises primarily hydrothermal breccias, quartz veins, anddisseminated ores within granite, diorite, and granodiorite. Three paragenetic stages are identified:early quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite (Stage 1), quartz–pyrite–chalcopyrite (Stage 2), and latequartz–pyrite–galena–sphalerite (Stage 3). Gold was deposited during all three stages and Stage 1was the major gold-producing stage. Copper is associated with the mineralization but has loweconomic value. Fluid inclusions (FIs) within the deposit are liquid-rich aqueous, vapor-rich aqueous,and daughter-mineral-bearing types. Microthermometric data for the FIs reveal decreasinghomogenization temperatures (Th) and salinities of the ore-forming fluids over time. The Th forStages 1–3 of the mineralization are 421–479, 363–408, and 296–347 °C, respectively. Stage 1 fluidsin vapor-rich and daughter-mineral-bearing inclusions have salinities of 5.7–8.7 and 49.8–54.4 wt%NaCl equivalent, respectively. Stage 2 fluids in vapor-rich, liquid-rich, and daughter-mineral-bearinginclusions have salinities of 1.2–5.4, 9.5–16.0, and 43.3–48.3 wt% NaCl, respectively. Stage 3 fluids inliquid-rich and daughter-mineral-bearing inclusions have salinities of 7.9–12.6 and 38.3–42.0 wt% NaClequivalent, respectively. The estimated trapping pressures are 160–220 bar, corresponding toan entrapment depth of 1.6–1.2 km in the paleo-water table. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data(δ18OV-SMOW = 8.6‰ to 11.4‰; δDV-SMOW = −92.2‰ to −72.1‰) suggest that the ore-forming fluidswere derived from magmatic fluids during the early stages of mineralization and subsequentlyincorporated meteoric water during the late stages. The sulfide minerals have δ34SVCDT values of0.2‰–3.5‰, suggesting that the sulfur has a magmatic origin. The Jinchang deposit is a typicalgold-rich gold–copper porphyry deposit.

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PLETNEV, S. P., and T. E. SEDYSHEVA. "The early stages of ferromanganese ore genesis on the guyots of the Magellan Seamounts (The Pacific Ocean)." Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean 16, no. 3 (2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2020.03.003.

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Fe-Mn crusts play an important role in marine mineral deposit research because of their widespread occurrence and high concentrations of valuable and rare metals. Most Fe-Mn crust deposits occur on the tens of thousands of seamounts found in the ocean. Data on the structure, texture, composition, age, and deposit characteristics will help define which factors are key for the creation of mineral accumulation and which combination of factors leads to the formation of potentially economic concentrations of metals. In this paper, we address the structure and characteristics of the oldest Fe-Mn crust stratigraphic sections (Late Cretaceous and Paleocene) collected from the Magellan seamounts. A complete section of the crusts on the Magellan Seamounts includes four layers, each 2—4 cm thickness: the Late Paleocene (?) Early Eocene layer I 1, the Mid Late Eocene layer I—2, the Miocene layer II and the Quaternary layer III. In some cases, the main CMC section is underlain by relict layers. The chemical and mineral composition of the layers was determined both by X-ray diffraction and precision methods; concentrations of the main ore components and phosphorus were determined by the methods of classical chemistry. The age of 12 samples was determined, the mineral composition of four, the chemical composition of 22 samples. The results of the relict layers analysis allow to distinguish two groups of samples among them. Among the relict layers, two age ranges are established — the second half of Late Cretaceous (R1) and the first half of Paleocene (R2). High concentrations of barium, lithium, gallium, and zinc suggest that hydrothermal sources could be the source of the material. But not through direct delivery, but via the phase of transfer of sea bottom water. Thus, the analysis of lithological and geochemical parameters and fossil fauna of foraminifera in the relict layers of the Magellan Seamounts ore section indicates two stages of their formation: Late Campan Maastricht and Early Middle Paleocene. The discreteness of the formation of relict layers in time once again proves that the sharply changing environmental conditions controlled the growth of the CMC ore section.

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DE TOLEDO, MARIA CRISTINA MOTTA, and VITOR PAULO PEREIRA. "Ocorrência e Variabilidade de Composição dos Fosfatos do Grupo da Monazita em Carbonatitos." Pesquisas em Geociências 30, no. 1 (June 30, 2003): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.19583.

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Monazite structural group includes arsenates, phosphates, and silicates, with general formulae A B O4 , (A = Bi, Ca, Rare Earth Elements, Th, U and B = As5+, P5+, Si4+). Among them, the phosphate monazite is the most abundant independent Rare Earth Element mineral, occurring in several geological sites. It presents a variable composition and morphology and has strong chemical and physical stability. This paper presents a review about this mineral, particularly for monazite associated with carbonatite complexes. Detailed study of the composition of monazite will improve geochemical and petrological interpretations. In the economic field, monazite is, with bastnaesite, an ore mineral present in the main deposits in the world; its morphological and composition characteristics have influence in ore quality and in efficiency of concentration processes. Since the seventhies, its importance reachs the environmental field and his highly stable structure has been investigated as model for a synthetic phase to long-term storage of radionuclides from nuclear waste. The most important monazite ore deposits in Brazil are alluvional. Monazite occurs also in other materials, mainly in carbonatites and their weathering products, which may constitute important source of REE. In these rocks, because its high stability and possibility of weathering genesis, monazite is the most important among the phosphate minerals. However, researches about monazite associated with Brazilian carbonatitic materials have shown mainly unfavourable morphological characteristics for economic profit.

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Bogdanov, K., D. Tsonev, and K. Popov. "MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES AND GENESIS OF THE Cu-Au EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE PANAGUYRISHTE ORE DISTRICT, BULGARIA." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16726.

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Epithermal Cu-Au deposits hosted within volcanic rocks (Radka, Elshitsa, Krassen) are related to Late Cretaceous andesite-dacite volcanic terrain in the Panagyurishte ore district. The Cu-Au ores are linked by a similar mineralogy and differ by the ratio of tennantite, bornite, enargite and discrete trace minerals of Ga, Ge, In and Bi (e.g., roquesite, germanite, betekhtinite, renierite, vinciennite, aikinite). Bi-Se-Te and Ga-Ge-ln-Sn signature with pronounced Au-enrichment of the bornite rich ores is a characteristic feature underlying the increasing role of the fS2/f02 control during the transition from IS te HS environment. Formation of the epithermal Cu-Au deposits appears to have occurred during a single broad event of contemporaneous formation of epithermal and porphyry systems.The close connection between the volcano-plutonic structures facilitates the multistage and polycyclic character of their hydrothermal systems, the similar character of the epithermal ores and the mineral succession in Elshitsa, Radka and Krassen deposits. The ô^S ratios in the sulphide minerals range from -6.7 to 4.0, suggesting comparable magmatic sources for the epithermal mineralizing fluids and close link with porphyry environment.

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Chen, Jiao Jiao, Ying Shu Li, Yi Ke Zhang, Da Qing He, and Dong Ming Yang. "Study on Geochemical Characteristics of the Sb Polymetallic District in Da Zhuang of Kai Yuan County in Yunnan Province." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2184.

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Southeast Yunnan Area is an Important Nonferrous Metals Mineral Resources Base in Yunnan Province, with Good Metallogenic Conditions. the Structure Characteristics of Kai Yuan Da Zhuang Mining Area is more Complex, with Favorable Conditions for Mineralization. Based on Detailed Geological Investigation, Combined with the Geochemical Data and Geological Setting, Deposit Features of Da Zhuang Antimony Ore Deposit and Summarizes Geochemical Characteristics, that is to Study the Genesis of this Deposit and is to Predict the Mining Ore.

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Zoheir, Basem A., Mohamed G. Abdel-Fattah, and Sameh M. ElAlfy. "Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of lode gold mineralisation, SE Egypt: implications for ore genesis and exploration." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6, no. 12 (October 25, 2012): 4635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0727-y.

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Zeng, Guoping, Yongjun Gong, Zhaofei Wang, Xinlu Hu, and Suofei Xiong. "Structures of the Zhazixi Sb–W deposit, South China: Implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 182 (November 2017): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.07.010.

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Xu, Lei-Luo, Xian-Wu Bi, Rui-Zhong Hu, Yong-Yong Tang, Xin-Song Wang, Ming-Liang Huang, Ying-Jing Wang, Rui Ma, and Gong Liu. "Contrasting whole-rock and mineral compositions of ore-bearing (Tongchang) and ore-barren (Shilicun) granitic plutons in SW China: Implications for petrogenesis and ore genesis." Lithos 336-337 (July 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.03.031.

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Zhou, Haoyang, Xiaoming Sun, Yu Fu, Hai Lin, and Liyi Jiang. "Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of Bi-minerals: Constraints on ore genesis of the Beiya giant porphyry-skarn gold deposit, southwestern China." Ore Geology Reviews 79 (December 2016): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.008.

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Pirajno, F., and B. D. Joubert. "An overview of carbonate-hosted mineral deposits in the Otavi Mountain Land, Namibia: implications for ore genesis." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 16, no. 3 (April 1993): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(93)90048-u.

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Zhang, Weifeng, Huayong Chen, Lianhong Peng, Liandang Zhao, Wanjian Lu, Zengjie Zhang, Juntao Yang, and Jie Sun. "Ore genesis of the Duotoushan Fe-Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Constraints from ore geology, mineral geochemistry, fluid inclusion and stable isotopes." Ore Geology Reviews 100 (September 2018): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.02.021.

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Liu, Tao, Suo-Fei Xiong, Shao-Yong Jiang, Hua-Liang Li, Qi-Zhi Chen, and Hai Jiang. "Genesis of the Zhijiadi Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Central North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotope Data." Geofluids 2017 (2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4153618.

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The Zhijiadi Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the central North China Craton. Fluid inclusions (FIs) studies indicate three types of FIs, including aqueous, aqueous-carbonic, and daughter mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions. The daughter minerals in FIs are mainly composed of marcasite, chalcopyrite, calcite, and dolomite. Microthermometric data show that the homogenization temperature and salinity of FIs decrease gradually from early to late stages. Homogenization temperatures from early to main to late stages span from 244 to 334°C, from 164 to 298°C, and from 111 to 174°C, respectively, while their salinities are 4.0–9.9 wt.% NaCl equiv., 0.5–12.7 wt.% NaCl equiv., and 0.2–8.8 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. Trapping pressures drop from 203–299 MPa (the early stage) to 32–158 MPa (the main stage). The dropping of pressure and temperature and mixing and/or dilution of ore-forming fluids result in the formation of ore deposit. Combined with C-O-S-Pb isotopic compositions, the initial ore-forming fluids and materials were likely derived from a magmatic system. As a whole, we proposed that this deposit belongs to medium-low temperature hydrothermal deposit related to volcanic and subvolcanic magmatism strictly controlled by the fault zones.

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Chugaev, A. V., O. Yu Plotinskaya, E. O. Dubinina, A. S. Sadasyuk, B. I. Gareev, S. A. Kossova, and G. A. Batalin. "Crustal Source of Pb and S at the Yubileynoe Porphyry Gold Deposit (Southern Urals, Kazakhstan): High Precision Pb–Pb and δ34S Data." Geology of Ore Deposits 63, no. 3 (May 2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s107570152103003x.

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Abstract The Yubileinoe large gold deposit, located at the southern end of the Magnitogorsk megazone, is the only known representative of the Au–porphyry systems in the Southern Urals. It is genetically related to granitoids formed in a suprasubduction setting under mature oceanic island arc environment/setting. The obtained isotope (Pb–Pb and δ34S) data indicate the input of mineral-forming components into the Au–porphyry system of the deposit, mainly from granitoid melts, confirming a common source of ore material and ore-bearing granitoids. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics of granitoids indicate the leading role in their genesis of the crustal source, which is considered Late Precambrian continental crust.

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Yu, J. M., and S. Y. Jiang. "Chemical composition of tourmaline from the Yunlong tin deposit, Yunnan, China: implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration." Mineralogy and Petrology 77, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-002-0195-2.

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Cromie, Paul, Charles Makoundi, Khin Zaw, David R. Cooke, Noel White, and Chris Ryan. "Geochemistry of Au-bearing pyrite from the Sepon Mineral District, Laos DPR, Southeast Asia: Implications for ore genesis." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 164 (September 2018): 194–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.06.014.

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Raymond, Oliver L. "Pyrite composition and ore genesis in the Prince Lyell copper deposit, Mt Lyell mineral field, western Tasmania, Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 10, no. 3-6 (May 1996): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(95)00025-9.

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Dorjnamjaa, Dorj, Gundsambuu Altanshagai, and Batkhuyag Enkhbaatar. "New scientific direction of the bacterial paleontology in Mongolia." Mongolian Geoscientist, no. 49 (October 13, 2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i49.1226.

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We review the initial development of Bacterial Paleontology in Mongolia and present some electron microscopic images of fossil bacteria in different stages of preservation in sedimentary rocks. Indeed bacterial paleontology is one the youngest branches of paleontology. It has began in the end of 20th century and has developed rapidly in recent years. The main tasks of bacterial paleontology are detailed investigation of fossil microorganisms, in particular their morphology and sizes, conditions of burial and products of habitation that are reflected in lithological and geochemical features of rocks. Bacterial paleontology deals with fossil materials and is useful in analysis of the genesis of sedimentary rocks, and sedimentary mineral resources including oil and gas. The traditional paleontology is especially significant for evolution theory, biostratigraphy, biogeography and paleoecology; however bacterial paleontology is an essential first of all for sedimentology and for theories sedimentary ore genesis or biometallogeny

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Gao, Fuping, Yangsong Du, Zhenshan Pang, Yilun Du, Fengpei Xin, and Jinsong Xie. "LA-ICP-MS Trace-Element Analysis of Pyrite from the Huanxiangwa Gold Deposit, Xiong’ershan District, China: Implications for Ore Genesis." Minerals 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030157.

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The Huanxiangwa deposit is a major gold deposit in the Xiong’ershan district, which is the third-largest gold-producing district in China. Pyrites from the Huanxiangwa deposit were investigated using ore microscopy and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Pyrite is the dominant Au-bearing mineral in the Huanxiangwa deposit and can be divided into two types: medium- to fine-grained subhedral-anhedral pyrite (Py1) disseminated in altered rocks and coarse-grained subhedral-euhedral pyrite (Py2) hosted in auriferous quartz veins. LA-ICP-MS time-resolved depth profiles show that invisible gold occurs primarily as solid solution or as homogeneously distributed nanoparticles of native gold, electrum, or Au-Ag-Te minerals in Py1, whereas it is present mainly as nano- to submicron-sized inclusions of complex Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn domains in Py2. The presented data indicate that the Huanxiangwa deposit resulted from two episodes of hydrothermal mineralization associated with two distinct source reservoirs. The first episode of mineralization was linked to the dehydration of deep-seated mafic-ultramafic metamorphic rock during the Triassic collision of the North China Craton with the Yangtze Craton. The second episode of mineralization was related to hydrothermal activity resulting from Early Cretaceous I-type granitic magmatism.

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BARBOZA, ELZIO DA SILVA, GÊNOVA MARIA PULZ, LUIZ HENRIQUE RONCHI, ANDRÉA RITTER JELINEK, FRANCISCO EGÍDIO PINHO, and ÁLVARO PIZZATO QUADROS. "Estágios de Mineralização no Depósito Aurífero Pau-a-Pique, Grupo Aguapeí, Sudoeste do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil Central - Evidências de Química Mineral e Inclusões Fluidas -." Pesquisas em Geociências 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2001): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.20168.

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The Pau-a-Pique deposit is a small gold prospect in the Southwestern of the Amazonian Craton (Mato Grosso State, Brazil). Ore types comprise quartz veins and disseminations hosted in the mylonitized metaconglomerate (Fortuna Formation, Aguapeí Group) and amphibole-biotite-chlorite mylonite. The native gold is associated with pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, native silver, galena, hematite, magnetite and martite. The aqueous-carbonic (type 1) and aqueous inclusions (type 2) in the quartz veins suggest that ore genesis is related to metamorphic fluids percolation during the late regional shearing. The ore remobilization was promoted by meteoric fluids, which are preserved as aqueous inclusions (type 3) in quartz veins.

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Tornos, F., C. Casquet, J. Locutura, and R. Collado. "Fluid inclusion and geochemical evidence for fluid mixing in the genesis of Ba-F (Pb-Zn) lodes of the Spanish Central System." Mineralogical Magazine 55, no. 379 (June 1991): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1991.055.379.11.

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AbstractFluid inclusion data and geochemical evidence lead to a genesis of Ba-F (Pb-Zn) lodes of the Spanish Central System as related to fluid mixing of hot (>300 °C), low saline (<0.6 molal), Na-K deep fluids and cool (<100 °C), oxidized, more saline (>2.8 molal), Na-K-Ca-Mg brines of phraeatic origin. Ore formation took place at relative low depth and temperatures (from 270 to 120 °C) in a regime of increasing fO2, (Ca + Mg)/Na ratio and pH of the fluids towards the surface. Such evolution destabilizes the chloride metal complexes, allowing for the precipitation of Zn and Pb carried by the deep solution.Vertical fluorite-baryte zonation is explained in terms of mineral solubilities. Fluorite deposition in the deeper mineralized zone is related to a slight increase of mCa2+ of the fluid in the lower part of the fluid mixing zone; further increase of mCa2+ and mMg2+ towards the surface promotes fluorite dissolution. Increase of fO2 in the shallow part of the hydrothermal system promotes the oxidation of , resulting in baryte formation.We propose an ore genesis related to fluid mixing in shallow hydrothermal systems associated with an extension of Permo-Triassic age. Such interpretation is in agreement with the present day ideas for the genesis of many of the Ba-F deposits in the Hercynian Belt of Europe.

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Niu, Pan-Pan, Shao-Yong Jiang, Suo-Fei Xiong, Qi-Sheng Hu, and Tian-liang Xu. "Fluid Inclusions and H-O-C-S Isotopes of the Wushan Copper Polymetallic Deposit in the Suizao Area, Hubei Province: Implications for Ore Genesis." Geofluids 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3431909.

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The Wushan copper polymetallic deposit is located in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt in central China. Two small granitoid stocks (Donggushan and Xigushan) occur in the deposit, which is next to the largest Qijianfeng Granite Complex in the Suizao area. The mineralization of Wushan copper polymetallic deposit is mainly composed of ore-bearing quartz veins and quartz stockworks. Two hydrothermal stages are identified as the quartz-sulfide stage (early stage) and the barren quartz stage (late stage). A detailed petrographic study shows four types of fluid inclusions in quartz, including the aqueous fluid inclusions (L+V/V+L), the aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions (L+V+CO2), the pure carbon dioxide fluid inclusions (pure CO2), and the daughter mineral-bearing multiphase fluid inclusions (S). The daughter mineral-bearing multiphase fluid inclusions (S) are further divided into three subclasses according to their different solid mineral assemblages, including (1) S1: L+V+Hal, (2) S2: L+V+CO2+S (chalcopyrite), and (3) S3: L+V+S (calcite, chalcopyrite, and hematite)±Hal. A laser Raman spectroscopic analysis shows that the main components of fluid inclusions are water and carbon dioxide. The solid minerals of the S-type fluid inclusions include halite, calcite, chalcopyrite, and hematite. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are 377 to 468°C for the early stage, with a salinity of 11.1 to 34.1 wt.% NaCl equivalent (11.1 to 17.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent and 28.4 to 34.1 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively) and an estimated pressure of 89 to 137 MPa. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the late stage are 267 to 380°C with salinity of 7.0 to 12.1 wt.% NaCl equivalent and an estimated pressure of 46 to 115 MPa. Therefore, the temperature, salinity, and pressure of the fluid show a decreasing trend from the early to the late stage. In the early stage, the fluid is immiscible, which leads to the precipitation of sulfides. Pyrite shows a δ34S of approximately 0 (-1.8 to +3.4‰), and chalcopyrite also shows a similar δ34S of approximately 0 (+1.5 to +2.4‰), which indicates that the sulfur in the ore-forming fluid is mainly derived from deep-seated magma. Combined with C-H-O isotopic compositions, the initial ore-forming fluid is likely magmatic water, but with the addition of meteoric water in the late stage. By comparing with the typical characteristics of magmatic hydrothermal vein deposit and orogenic deposit related to shear zones, we suggest that the Wushan copper polymetallic deposit is most likely a magmatic hydrothermal vein deposit, which is of great significance for the further exploration work in the Wushan and surrounding areas. This new finding also fills the gap that no magmatic hydrothermal vein type Cu deposits have been found in the Suizao area or even in the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt in central China.

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Artemiev, Dmitry, Robert Krymsky, Boris Belyatsky, and Dmitry Ashikhmin. "The age of mineralization of Mayskoe gold ore deposit (Central Chukotka): results of Re-Os isotopic dating." Journal of Mining Institute 243 (June 10, 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2020.3.266.

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The article presents the results of the sulfide mineralization dating of the Mayskoe gold ore deposit using the Re-Os isotope system and isochron age estimation method of the main sulfide minerals: arsenopyrite, pyrite, and antimonite. The complex multistage formation of the studied sulfides, as well as the close intergrowths of genetically different mineral phases, did not allow obtaining a single rhenium-osmium isochron corresponding to the formation time of sulfide mineralization. Isochrones for single minerals, collected from each sulfide sample, turned out to be the result of isotopically distinct components mixture (radiogenic crustal and non-radiogenic mantle) and do not make sense from the geochronological point of view. In terms of geology, the most significant result of the study is an age estimation of 128.8 ± 4.4 Ma, obtained for the sulfide mineralization of Mayskoe deposit using Re-Os isotope dating of single fractions of pyrite and antimonite of the ore mineralization stage. While arsenopyrite is most closely associated with gold mineralization, one of the arsenopyrite varieties corrodes framboidal pyrite of the pre-ore stage, has a maximum of the crust component in the osmium isotopic composition and forms a mixing line in the isochron diagram with an apparent formation age of 458 ± 18 Ma. The initial osmium isotopic composition of the studied sulfides indicates a mixed mantle-crust source of sulfide mineralization. The issue of simultaneous ore genesis and granitoid magmatism in the Mayskoe deposit remained unresolved (the age of granitoids according to the U-Pb zircon system is 108 Ma). However, a possible solution could be the further determination of the Re-Os isochron age of the ore mineralization sulphides from the single paragenesis of a specific sample containing both arsenopyrite and pyrite (+ antimonite) with gold.

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LUZZINI, FRANCESCO. "SOUNDING THE DEPTHS OF PROVIDENCE: MINERAL (RE)GENERATION AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD." Earth Sciences History 39, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 389–480. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-39.2.389.

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ABSTRACT The genesis and growth of minerals, as well as the existence in ore veins of such organic features as ‘seeds’, ‘matrices’, and ‘nourishment’, remained central and recurrent issues for natural philosophers, technicians, alchemists and practitioners throughout early modern Europe. By providing an overview of the main themes, voices, and concurrent factors (scientific, philosophical, economic, political, cultural, geographical, religious, social) that shaped the evolution of such long-standing dispute, this essay attempts a preliminary analysis of how the early modern understanding of mineral generation influenced our perception of natural exploitability, renewability and exhaustibility—and, more generally, the development of the Earth sciences and the emergence of humans as geological and environmental agents. These issues are also the subject of a new interdisciplinary project which is introduced in the final part of the article and which, hopefully, will be implemented in the next years with the aim to disclose new insights into our comprehension of the human-environment system.

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Deady, Eimear, Alicja Lacinska, Kathryn Goodenough, Richard Shaw, and Nick Roberts. "Volcanic-Derived Placers as a Potential Resource of Rare Earth Elements: The Aksu Diamas Case Study, Turkey." Minerals 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040208.

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Rare earth elements (REE) are essential raw materials used in modern technology. Current production of REE is dominated by hard-rock mining, particularly in China, which typically requires high energy input. In order to expand the resource base of the REE, it is important to determine what alternative sources exist. REE placers have been known for many years, and require less energy than mining of hard rock, but the REE ore minerals are typically derived from eroded granitic rocks and are commonly radioactive. Other types of REE placers, such as those derived from volcanic activity, are rare. The Aksu Diamas heavy mineral placer in Turkey has been assessed for potential REE extraction as a by-product of magnetite production, but its genesis was not previously well understood. REE at Aksu Diamas are hosted in an array of mineral phases, including apatite, chevkinite group minerals (CGM), monazite, allanite and britholite, which are concentrated in lenses and channels in unconsolidated Quaternary sands. Fingerprinting of pyroxene, CGM, magnetite and zircon have identified the source of the placer as the nearby Gölcük alkaline volcanic complex, which has a history of eruption throughout the Plio-Quaternary. Heavy minerals were eroded from tephra and reworked into basinal sediments. This type of deposit may represent a potential resource of REE in other areas of alkaline volcanism.

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Sukach, V., L. Riazantseva, V. Somka, and S. Bondarenko. "Molybdenum mineralization of Serhiivka Au-Mo deposit (Middle Dnipro, Ukrainian Shield)." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.1.3-11.

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The article is devoted to molybdenum mineralization of the Eastern flank of Au-Mo Serhiivka deposit, located in the Middle Dnipro megablock of the Ukrainian Shield (USh). The generalized description of mineralization is performed on such important questions: discovery and exploration history, structure and composition of the host rocks, metamorphic and metasomatic alteration of rocks, structural position and localization conditions of molybdenum mineralization, ore composition, description of major ore minerals, morphology of mineralization and the most widespread views about its genesis. Molybdenum ores were discovered and named East-Serhiivka occurrence for the first time in 1974, before the discovery of gold mineralization, which occurred in 1985. Serhiivka deposit consists of two Mesoarchaean volcanic-plutonic associations (VPA) of different composition: the early mafic and the late felsic. The Eastern flank of the deposit, where the molybdenum mineralization is concentrated, is a structural knot similar to the lying letter “T”. It is formed by complex joint of the sub-latitudinal Serhiivka and sub-meridional Solone subvolcanic bodies and the East-Serhiivka massif of plagiogranitoids of the late VPA, which intrude basic rocks of early VPA. Molybdenum mineralization is localized in linearly elongated zones with a chaotic network of thin quartz, carbonate-quartz veinlets and poor (2–5 %) sulfide impregnation, including molybdenite. About 20 vein-impregnated ore zones have been recovered with up to 100–150 m thickness and 0,01 to 0,3 %, sometimes more than 1 % average molybdenum grade. The ores are subdivided into two major mineral types: 1) quartz-molybdenite; 2) quartz-sulfide-gold-molybdenite. The main components of ores molybdenite and native gold are associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, occasionally – pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, scheelite, bismuth telluride, silver and others. Typical non-metallic minerals are quartz, carbonate, feldspar, chlorite, amphibole, biotite, sericite. It is supposed hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis of molybdenum (and gold) ores. Molybdenite and gold are rarely detected in the same intersections, which indicates separate genesis of these minerals. According to the accepted classification molybdenum mineralization is systemized as linear stockwork. Molybdenum ores of Serhiivka deposit are mostly considered as independent, separate from gold mineralization, potentially workable mine. It is the most prospective one in the Middle Dnipro region, USh and Ukraine in general. We suggest a comprehensive approach to studying, resource and reserves evaluation of Serhiivka deposit, taking into account the potential of both molybdenum and gold mineralization, as well as concentrations of rhenium and osmium in molybdenite. Geological exploration on the base of this approach will increase investment prospects of Serhiivka gold-molybdenum deposit.

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Pang, Kwan-Nang, Chusi Li, Mei-Fu Zhou, and Edward M. Ripley. "Mineral compositional constraints on petrogenesis and oxide ore genesis of the late Permian Panzhihua layered gabbroic intrusion, SW China." Lithos 110, no. 1-4 (June 2009): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.01.007.

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Canet, Carles, Antoni Camprubí, Eduardo González-Partida, Carlos Linares, Pura Alfonso, Fernando Piñeiro-Fernández, and Rosa María Prol-Ledesma. "Mineral assemblages of the Francisco I. Madero Zn–Cu–Pb–(Ag) deposit, Zacatecas, Mexico: Implications for ore deposit genesis." Ore Geology Reviews 35, no. 3-4 (June 2009): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.02.004.

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Pannalal, S. Johari, David TA Symons, and David L. Leach. "Paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic constraints on Zn–Pb ore genesis in the Pend Oreille Mine, Metaline district, Washington, USA." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-056.

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Zinc–lead mineralization in the Metaline mining district of northeastern Washington, USA, is hosted by the Cambrian Metaline Formation and is classified into Yellowhead-type (YO) and Josephine-type (JO) ore based on texture and mineralogy. Paleomagnetic results are reported for four Cambrian Metaline Formation sites, one Ordovician Ledbetter slate site, 12 YO and 13 JO (including two breccia sites) mineralization sites in the Pend Oreille Mine, and eight sites from the nearby Cretaceous Kaniksu granite batholith. Thermal and alternating field step demagnetization, saturation isothermal remanence analysis, and synthetic specimen tests show that the remanence in the host carbonates and Zn–Pb mineralization is carried mostly by pseudosingle (PSD) to single domain (SD) pyrrhotite and mostly by PSD to SD magnetite in the Kaniksu granite. Based on thermomagnetic measurements, sphalerite and galena concentrates and tailings from the mine’s mill contain hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite. The postfolding characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM), known thermal data, and paleoarc method of dating suggest that the Zn–Pb mineralization carries a primary chemical remanent magnetization (CRM), and Metaline Formation carbonates a secondary CRM that were acquired during the Middle Jurassic (166 ± 6 Ma) during the waning stages of the Nevadan orogeny. A paleomagnetic breccia test favours a solution-collapse origin for the Josephine breccia. Finally, the Kaniksu paleopole is concordant with the North American Cretaceous reference paleopole, suggesting the Kootenay terrane has not been rotated since emplacement of the batholith at ~94 Ma.

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Chen, Hua-Yong, Yan-Jing Chen, and Mike Baker. "Isotopic geochemistry of the Sawayaerdun orogenic-type gold deposit, Tianshan, northwest China: Implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration." Chemical Geology 310-311 (June 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.03.026.

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Zhang, Cun, Xiaoyan Yu, and Tianlong Jiang. "Mineral association and graphite inclusions in nephrite jade from Liaoning, northeast China: Implications for metamorphic conditions and ore genesis." Geoscience Frontiers 10, no. 2 (March 2019): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.02.009.

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Tolstov, Alexander, Vladimir Cherenkov, and Leonid Baranov. "GENESIS AND AGE OF THE TOMTOR Nb AND RARE-EARTH DEPOSIT ORE SEQUENCE, NORTHEASTERN SIBERIAN PLATFORM." Ores and metals, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2020-10026.

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The northeastern Siberian platform (Republic of Sakha, Yakutia) hosts the Udzhinskaya province of alkaline ultrabasic massifs with carbonatites as final phases of magmatic system evolution; they form i ts central carbonatite core and are characterized by elevated Fe, Al and P concentrations. They also contain a complex of rare and rare-earth elements. Crust of laterite weathering of up to 400 m thick is present within the massifs. Phosphate, Nb, Y, Sc and TR content in crust of carbonatite weathering is much higher compared to unaltered rock differences. Their maximum values are in the sequence of specific sedimentary deposits f ormed a s denudation products of ore-bearing carbonatite crust precipitated in minor lake depressions and due to their intensive chemogenic transformation in hot humid climate. They are unique high-grade ores, with no world analogs in terms of mineral potential. Sometimes, these rocks are their natural concentrates averaging (in weight %) 7,21 Nb2O5, 0,578 Y2O3, 0,045 Sc2O3 and 10,16 TR2O3. The rocks composing the ore-bearing sequence show distinct evidence of sedimentary genesis: well-pronounced layered texture and facial zoning, presence of carbonized vegetable detrite and bacteriomorphic aggregates. Therefore, it is reasonable to regard a set of these formations as an independent stratigraphic unit, Tomtor sequence. Geological data suggest that it formed 340-280 Ma. Tomtor sequence can be an important prospecting criteria in prospecting for rare and rare-earth elements.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ore mineral genesis'

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