Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ore Sorting

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ore Sorting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ore Sorting"

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Clayton, Colin G., and Ramo Spackman. "Gold ore sorting." Minerals Engineering 2, no. 4 (January 1989): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(89)90111-8.

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Cutmore, N. G., Y. Liu, and A. G. Middleton. "Ore characterisation and sorting." Minerals Engineering 10, no. 4 (April 1997): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(97)00018-6.

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Reutskii, Yu V. "Optimal ore sorting automata." Soviet Mining Science 23, no. 6 (November 1987): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02499786.

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Manana, R., J. J. Artieda, and J. C. Catalina. "Ore Sorting and Artificial Vision." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 6 (July 1985): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60515-9.

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Cutmore, N. G., Y. Liu, and A. G. Middleton. "On-line ore characterisation and sorting." Minerals Engineering 11, no. 9 (September 1998): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(98)00071-5.

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Wotruba, Hermann, and Christopher Robben. "Sensor-based ore sorting in 2020." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0060.

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AbstractSensor-based ore sorting is not a new technology. It has been around since more than 70 years, mainly for diamond concentration, where it was applied to eliminate the security risk of diamonds being stolen from the previously applied grease-tables [13]. Despite a few installations in uranium ore processing, it had no further widespread acceptance in the minerals industry, mainly due to low design capacity. Besides that, sensor-based colour sorters were used in the food industry for small particle sizes (e. g., rice cleaning). It is fact that the first machine designs appropriate for coarse bulk materials were not developed for the minerals industry, but for the upcoming recycling industry for plastics, glass, paper, metals in the late 1980s. In this sector, besides some magnetic separators, all the work was done by manual hand-picking, and it needed automation. After some years of optimization, these machines showed reliable performance under harsh conditions in scrap yards and recycling plants. Then, finally, the minerals industry, which at first was not convinced that this rather complicated machines were suited to be used with minerals, began with the first applications. These first installations of sensor-based ore sorters around the late 1990, all of them equipped with line-scan optical cameras, were mainly in industrial minerals, such as calcite, magnesite, quartz or rock salt. Since then, the technology has seen an enormous development in terms of available sensors, design capacity and availability, and the number of installations for minerals is growing – steadily but slower than expected, considering the many advantages it brings.
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Li, Min, Arber Caushaj, Rodrigo Silva, and David Lowther. "A neural network for electromagnetic based ore sorting." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2016-0529.

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PurposeThis paper aims to presents a novel application of neural network (NN) pattern recognition to ore rock sorting using inductive electromagnetic (EM) sensors. Design/methodology/approachThe impedance of a metallic rock can be measured with an inductive method based on Faraday’s law and eddy current theory. A virtual rock model is then created for the simulation of the EM measurements. An NN is trained to differentiate between waste and useful ore samples (containing high amount of minerals) based on the EM sensor signals produced by the rocks. FindingsThe NN solution showed high accuracy of rock classification and produced relatively robust results from signals with noise. Originality/valueA pattern recognition NN was applied to classify low- and high-grade ore samples. It has the potential to determine the approximate amount of conductive materials inside ore rocks through multiple classes. This method can be used to improve the performance of EM-based ore sorting for mineral pre-concentration.
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Yang, Wei Lin, Hui Xin Dai, and Hong Jun Wang. "Progress of Cassiterite Sulfide Ore Beneficiation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5439.

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This paper introduces the characteristics and distribution of sulfide ore cassiterite, an overview of the re-election of sulfide ore cassiterite flotation basic skills and status, and the use of tin resources and sorting technology development proposed sulfide ore cassiterite Prospect.
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Azaryan, Volodymyr. "The Methodology of Use of the Mobile Crushing-and-Sorting Radiometric Complex in the Iron-Ore Pit." Solid State Phenomena 277 (June 2018): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.277.90.

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This paper justifies the use of the mobile crushing-and-sorting radiometric complexes (MCSRC) under conditions of iron-ore pits in order to increase the ore quality produced in the mine faces of the «ore-rock» contact zone and stabilize the content of the useful component in the general ore-flow. The patterns, which are used as a fundamental base of the radiometric sorting process, are given. The functional scheme of MCSRC is considered, the algorithm of operation is developed, and the main technological tasks of the complex are determined. The technological scheme of the face sloping using MCSRC and formation of the all-pit ore-flow is developed. The expected indicators from use of the mobile crushing-and-sorting radiometric complex in the form of the technological, economical, power-saving and ecological effect were considered.
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Li, Lin, Xian Jun Lu, and Jun Qiu. "Experimental Research on Modifier Optimization of Flotation Process in a Molybdenum Ore in Inner Mongolia." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3372.

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The research has conducted a experimental research on the issues in modifier of flotation process in a molybdenum ore concentrating mill in Inner Mongolia. The results show that: when the raw ore is grinded into 61% -200 meshes, which is the same to the site production ore, the sorting index is optimum in neutral magma condition; and for dispersing agent, the sorting effect of sodium silicate is better than sodium hexametaphosphate, and the confirmed sufficient quality of sodium silicate is 300g/t.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ore Sorting"

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Booi, Mlamli. "Ore sorting using microwave irradiation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8336.

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Bibliography: leaves 99-101.
Automatic ore sorting machines are in common use in the mining industry. These machines generally separate valuable mineral-bearing rocks from waste rocks. At the Premier Diamond Mine in South Africa kimberlite, a diamond-bearing rock is separated from gabbro which is a waste rock. Work had been conducted previously in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Cape Town to find a viable method for discriminating between gabbro and kimberlite. A technique using microwave irradiation attenuation was successful when using parallel-sided smooth-surfaced rocks. This technique used linearly polarized square antennas at 35GHz. Problems were experienced, however, with irregu1arly shaped rock s. The aim of the present study was therefore to deve1op a technique which will sort irregularly shaped rocks and eliminate the problems associated with them.
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Radebe, Kelvin G. "Ore sorting using microwave resonant cavities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8362.

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Mazhary, Arvin. "Amenability of low-grade ore stockpiles to sensor-based ore sorting technology." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62967.

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With sensor-based ore sorting attracting more attention among the industry leaders, and in an effort to show the potential for sensor-based ore sorting technology, this research takes a particle sorting approach and looks at sorting low-grade and waste rock stockpiles to concentrate the misplaced mineralized rocks and generate value. The results from the optical sensor showed that where there was a visual distinction between the mineralized and gangue material, this sensor managed to identify each group well. Despite using a multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis, the electromagnetic sensor did not predict the grades effectively. The X-Ray Transmission (XRT) sensor performed quite well for both base metal and gold samples. One recurring problem was the presence of iron minerals such as pyrite that, due to their relatively high atomic density, tarnished the sorting results. With elemental distinguishing capabilities, the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) sensor boasts great potential for ore sorting. Both single and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyse the results from the XRF sensor. Although, while overall satisfactory results were obtained from the XRF sensor, sensor capabilities in actual dynamic sorting cases need to be assessed. Recommendations for future work can be on different aspects of this work. One would be to try to improve the static, bench-top testing facilities so they represent dynamic sorting scenarios better, such as use of a conveyor-type platform where rocks can pass under a sensor. If a similar study is to be performed, it is highly suggested to focus the efforts on one mine, one size fraction (preferably -50 mm +37.5 mm) with a larger number of particles. In terms of continuation of this work, it would be best to take these tests to the next level and perform bulk sorting tests to determine how these bench-scale tests correlate with bulk dynamic sorting results. Also, a detailed economic analysis based on these results would yield valuable results.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Dirks, Matthew. "Sensing and sorting ore using a relational influence diagram." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/49998.

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Mining companies typically process all the material extracted from a mine site using processes which are extremely consumptive of energy and chemicals. Sorting this material more effectively would reduce the resources required. A high-throughput rock-sorting machine developed by MineSense™ Technologies Ltd. provides the sensors and diverting equipment. After receiving noisy sensor data, the sorting system has 400 ms to decide whether to activate the diverters which will divert the rocks into either a keep or a discard bin. The problem tackled in this thesis is to sort an unknown number of rocks by sensing their mineralogy, position, and size using electromagnetic sensors and diverting them according to how valuable the mineral is to the mine. In real-time we must interpret the sensor data and compute the best action to take. We model the problem with a relational influence diagram which shows relations between random variables, decision variables, and utility nodes. We learn the model offline and do online inference. Inference is achieved using a combination of exhaustive and random search. The model parameters are learned using Sequential Model-based Algorithm Configuration (SMAC). We simulate the diverters for offline evaluation and evaluate our solution on recorded sensor data. Our result improves over the current state-of-the-art across the entire range of utility.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Erdenebat, Elberel. "Study of New Afton ore heterogeneity and its amenability to sensor based ore sorting." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62969.

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With extraction of low-grade and high throughput deposits, elimination of tonnes of uneconomic material is highly desired to reduce energy consumption and water usage in the mine/mill production cycle. Even though technologies such as sensor-based sorting has wide application for pre-concentration purposes, effectiveness of sorter systems and key parameters for sortability of a material are still in the developmental stage. Number of factors such as grade variability, mineralogical alteration and ore blending scenarios during material handling will significantly affect contents of a material resulting in unforeseen changes in downstream processes. For these reasons, the ‘ore heterogeneity’ parameter is studied to evaluate sortability of an ore material under varying mine production scenarios. Production data, drillhole data and representative drawpoint samples were provided from the New Afton copper-gold mine located near Kamloops, BC. The New Afton mine utilizes the block caving method for extraction of ore from the copper-gold alkali-porphyry deposit. The distribution heterogeneity (DH) parameter is estimated for the data sets and the quantity of potentially removable material ahead of delivery to mill is studied. The DH is defined by variation of grade of a group of samples that constitute a lot, i.e. a group being an equal tonnage of material drawn from a drawpoint and the lot being the drawpoint. With this approach, the DH is analyzed across drawpoints, vertically within a drawpoint and along drill holes with changing vertical intervals of 0.5m – 10m. The DH values are compared with copper grades and an inverse relationship is found. This finding indicated that sortability of ore material can be defined by a heterogeneity parameter, especially the information can be obtained earlier from drillcore samples. The drillcore information can indicate a measure of heterogeneity and related copper grade of an in-situ material in advance of assay samples or sensor detection where a certain degree of mixing has occurred. Overall, 27% of the sample data from the New Afton historical production record has grades less than 0.4% Cu, which is the current cut-off grade, and it correlates with relatively high heterogeneity and presents an opportunity for sorting and feed grade upgrade.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Lamprecht, GH, HGC Human, and LW Snyman. "Detection of diamond in ore using pulsed laser Raman spectroscopy." Elsevier, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000795.

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The viability of using pulsed laser excited Raman spectroscopy as a method for diamond detection from ore, has been investigated. In this method the spontaneous Stokes Raman signal is used as indicator of diamond, and a dual channel system is necessary for correcting for fluorescence of minerals and diamond itself. Various pulsed laser wavelengths from 266 to 1064nm were used, as well as cw lasers for comparison. Wavelength scans of the regions of interest, indicated that pulsed lasers at 532, 355 and 308nm may be used with confidence for this purpose. Mineral fluorescence did not appear to pose a threat to the method, but rather own fluorescence of some types of diamonds. In this respect, pulsed lasers offer a decided advantage above cw, due to nonlinear increase of fluorescence with laser power, resulting in superior Raman to fluorescence signal ratios. An apparatus constructed for discriminating diamond from ore was evaluated, and using minerals commonly occurring in diamond carrying ore as well as a wide variety of diamonds, it proved to function effectively. A significant improvement in the capability for diamond detection was found when pulsed lasers at 532 and 308nm were used, in comparison to the 532nm cw laser.
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Lamprecht, GH, HGC Human, and LW Snyman. "Detection of diamond in ore using pulsed laser Raman spectroscopy." Elsevier, 2006. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000856.

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The viability of using pulsed laser excited Raman spectroscopy as a method for diamond detection from ore, has been investigated. In this method the spontaneous Stokes Raman signal is used as indicator of diamond, and a dual channel system is necessary for correcting for fluorescence of minerals and diamond itself. Various pulsed laser wavelengths from 266 to 1064nm were used, as well as cw lasers for comparison. Wavelength scans of the regions of interest, indicated that pulsed lasers at 532, 355 and 308nm may be used with confidence for this purpose. Mineral fluorescence did not appear to pose a threat to the method, but rather own fluorescence of some types of diamonds. In this respect, pulsed lasers offer a decided advantage above cw, due to nonlinear increase of fluorescence with laser power, resulting in superior Raman to fluorescence signal ratios. An apparatus constructed for discriminating diamond from ore was evaluated, and using minerals commonly occurring in diamond carrying ore as well as a wide variety of diamonds, it proved to function effectively. A significant improvement in the capability for diamond detection was found when pulsed lasers at 532 and 308nm were used, in comparison to the 532nm cw laser.
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Reple, Alexandre Cardoso da Silveira. "Bulk ore sorter: um estudo de caso na mina de Phu Kham." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-05122017-144111/.

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O cenário atual das commodities minerais tem obrigado as empresas de mineração a otimizar suas operações e buscar soluções inovadoras para manter a lucratividade desejada de suas minas, controlar os riscos envolvidos e garantir a sobrevivência do negócio. Neste contexto, com a menor disponibilidade de minérios de alto teor, os depósitos minerais remanescentes exigem a lavra e o beneficiamento de grande quantidade de massa por tonelada de metal produzido. Apesar de apresentarem um teor médio decrescente, estes depósitos frequentemente contêm regiões com minério de teor mais elevado incorporados às porções de baixo teor ou mesmo na massa estéril. Por melhor que seja o conhecimento das reservas, a lavra seletiva dessa massa de teor mais elevado é praticamente inviável operacionalmente. A forma mais eficiente de aproveitar estas reservas é por meio do processo de pré-concentração de minério por ore sorting (seleção/classificação de minério). O objetivo deste processo é remover, quanto antes possível, o material com teor não econômico. A consequência imediata é uma potencial redução dos custos de processamento e do consumo de água e energia para a mesma massa de metal produzido. Existem várias tecnologias aplicáveis em pré-concentração; este estudo é focado especificamente na apresentação e discussão dos impactos causados no empreendimento mineiro de Phu Kham (PanAust), a partir da instalação e utilização do equipamento de pré-concentração, bulk ore sorter. Este equipamento faz uso de um sensor de ressonância magnética, e tem por objetivo a separação de grandes volumes de estéril direto no transportador de correias totalmente carregado (in-pit ou correia de alimentação da usina), baseando-se nos teores medidos ou inferidos a partir de seu sensor. A pré-concentração com bulk ore sorter é fundamentalmente utilizada para aumentar a produtividade baseada na capacidade fixa da usina e atenuar os prejuízos causados pelas incertezas nas definições de teores da mina. Isto é, a partir da maior precisão no controle do teor, pode-se reduzir a diluição e a perda de minério oriundas da operacionalização e explotação das reservas minerais, controlar o teor de corte e o teor médio na alimentação da usina ou ainda separar os diversos tipos de minérios para serem tratados em diferentes rotas no processo de beneficiamento. Este trabalho estuda a viabilidade técnica e econômica da aplicação do bulk ore sorter na mina de Phu Kham, no Laos. Inicialmente a tecnologia de sorting é apresentada, juntamente com os sensores disponíveis e o sistema diversor. Os resultados econômicos foram avaliados a partir dos dados de produção da mina no ano de 2014. Sem a possibilidade da realização de estudos de amostragem, a variabilidade do minério foi estimada a partir da variância de dispersão, uma ferramenta geoestatística. A estimativa do desempenho da separação inclui os erros associados a leitura do sensor e do sistema diversor. Avaliações econômicas foram realizadas para diferentes cenários e demonstraram que o bulk ore sorter tem o potencial de aumentar a produção metálica e o lucro. Este sistema de pré-concentração permite a que apenas o material com valor agregado alimente a planta de beneficiamento.
The current scenario of mineral commodities has forced the mining companies to optimize their operations and look for innovative solutions to maintain the desired profitability of their mines, control the risks involved and ensure the survival of the business. In this context, with the depletion of high grade deposits, the remaining lower grade deposits require the mining and processing of larger volumes of material per tonne of product. These low grade deposits often contain a large proportion of barren gangue. The aim of pre-concentration is to remove this barren material at as coarse a particle size and as early in the process as possible. This has the potential to reduce processing costs, energy and water consumption and possibly ore transport requirements. There are several technologies that may be applicable for pre-concentration; this work looks specifically at bulk ore sorting. This involves the separation of a large volume of barren gangue from a fully loaded conveyor belt (in-pit or plant feed belt) based on the grade as measured or inferred from a sensor measurement. Bulk ore sorting may be used to increase the production rate through fixed plant capacity, or reduce the required size of downstream processing equipment. Uneconomic or marginal reserves may be upgraded making them economic to treat and improving the resource utilisation. Bulk ore sorting could also be used to reduce dilution and ore loss in mining operations by improving grade control, or to separate ore types to treat via different process routes. Thus, bulk ore sorting has the potential to improve the profitability and reduce the environmental impact of mining operations and may be applied in different ways. This study investigates three examples of how bulk ore sorting may be employed and the associated economic benefits. The technical and economic viability of bulk ore sorting is evaluated for a copper deposit in Laos. Bulk ore sorting technology is described briefly along with discussion of appropriate sensor and diversion systems for the copper deposit considered. The economic implications were evaluated using the actual mined material and costs from 2014 as the base-case. In the absence of sampling data, ore grade variability was estimated using geo-statistical tools based on mine grade control data. A process model of the sorter was developed considering the accuracy of the sensor measurement and errors associated with material diversion. This was used to simulate the separation performance. Economic evaluations were conducted for a number of different scenarios and demonstrated that bulk ore sorting has the potential to increase the amount of metal in product and annual profit for the operation considered. This is because it is cheaper to sort and reject below cut-off grade material contained in the plant feed than to treat this material through the processing plant. The sorter acts as a gatekeeper - only above cut-off grade material (value-adding) reports to the processing plant.
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Äijälä, H. (Henri). "The development of the sorting index for Keliber’s spodumene pegmatite ore." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201810232940.

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This Master of Science project is supervised by Keliber Oy in co-operating with University of Oulu. Lithium rich spodumene pegmatite deposits of Keliber Oy locate in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. Studied deposits locate in the municipalities of Kaustinen and Kokkola. The study was focusing on mechanical separation of ore and waste rock and spatial modelling of sorting properties of the ore. The aim of the study was a development of index, that is suitable for spodumene pegmatite ores. The index is a spatial estimation of waste rock dilution within the deposit and it is defined during drill core logging. The index is describing the need and benefits for preconcentration of ore and can be used in mine planning and resource modelling. In Kaustinen region, high contrast difference between light coloured spodumene pegmatite ore and dark coloured country rocks is making optical separation methods possible to use in preconcentration. Another aim of the study was to found methods to separate spodumene pegmatite and barren pegmatite, similar in colours, by sensor-based sorting. The index was defined for one spodumene pegmatite dike of the Rapasaari deposit. The index was represented as percentages of ore from drill core interval and was defined during drill core relogging. There was made block models for black country rocks and barren pegmatite from data of relogged drill cores. Block models included the sorting index. Bench-scale sorting test was done for separation of spodumene pegmatite and barren pegmatite. Also, separation potential of sensor systems for ore and country rock was verified. The used samples were from the Syväjärvi and the Länttä deposits and they included spodumene pegmatite pieces with different grades, quartz-albite-muscovite pegmatite pieces, potassium feldspar pieces, and country rock pieces. Hyperspectral imaging test was done to the selected drill cores of the Rapasaari deposit. Hyperspectral study was done for study of mineralogy and features of spodumene pegmatites. According to the sorting index, the determined amount of waste rock within the ore dike was 15 weight percent and amount of barren pegmatite was 14 weight percent. Average lithium oxide grade of studied ore intercepts was 1.16%. In block modelling, the amount of black waste rock was 12.2 wt.% and the amount of barren pegmatite was 13.9 wt.%. The index is suitable for all ores, where ore and waste rock can be positively identified during drill core logging and sorting. In bench-scale sorting test, it was found that all sensor systems are capable to separate pegmatites and country rock. The LASER sensor system was the only one, that could positively identify differences between spodumene pegmatite and barren pegmatite. However, the LASER sensor accepted 88% of ore samples to the product (i.e. preconcentrate) but rejected 12% of the ore samples as reject (i.e. waste)
Opinnäytetyö tehtiin yhteistyössä Keliber Oy:n ja Oulun yliopiston kanssa. Työssä tutkittiin Keliber Oy:n Keski-Pohjanmaalla, Kaustisen ja Kokkolan kuntien alueella sijaitsevien litiumrikkaiden spodumeenipegmatiittien malmin ja sivukiven erottelua ja mallintamista. Työn tavoitteena oli luoda spodumeenipegmatiittimalmeille soveltuva indeksi, jonka avulla voidaan kuvata tarkasti malmin ja sivukiven määrää malmiesiintymässä alueellisesti. Indeksillä voidaan arvioida malmin esirikastamisen tarvetta ja sen tuomia hyötyjä. Se voidaan ottaa avuksi kaivos- ja louhintasuunnitteluun sekä malmiesiintymän mallintamiseen. Kaustisen alueen spodumeenipegmatiittien ja sivukivien väriero mahdollistaa sensoripohjaisten menetelmien käyttämisen esirikastusvaiheessa malmin ja sivukiven erottelussa. Lisäksi työssä tutkittiin mahdollisuutta erottaa litiumpitoinen spodumeenipegmatiitti litiumköyhästä pegmatiitista optisia menetelmiä käyttäen. Työssä määritettiin Rapasaaren spodumeenipegmatiittiesiintymän yhdelle malmijuonelle indeksi, joka kuvaa malmin ja sivukiven lajittelun tarvetta sekä sen tuomaa hyötyä. Indeksi esitettiin prosenttiosuuksina kairasydänmittaväleistä kairasydänten uudelleen raportoinnissa. Kairasydänraportoinnista saadusta tiedosta tehtiin blokkimallit, jossa kokeiltiin indeksin toimivuutta. Laboratoriomittakaavainen tutkimus sensoripohjaisen erottelun toimivuudesta malmin ja sivukiven erottelussa tehtiin Syväjärven ja Läntän spodumeenipegmatiitti- ja sivukivinäytteille. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin erottamaan myös spodumeenipegmatiitti litiumköyhästä pegmatiitista. Näytteet sisälsivät eri pitoisuuden omaavia spodumeenipegmatiitti- ja kvartsi-albiitti-muskoviittipegmatiittikappaleita, kalimaasälpäkappaleita sekä sivukivikappaleita. Käytetyt sensorit olivat COLOR, NIR, XRT ja LASER. Hyperspektritutkimus tehtiin valituille Rapasaaren esiintymän kairasydämille. Hyperspektritutkimuksella pyrittiin selvittämään spodumeenipegmatiittien mineralogiaa sekä piirteitä, joilla se voidaan optisesti erottaa litiumköyhästä pegmatiitista. Indeksiin perustuen Rapasaaren spodumeenipegmatiittijuonen laskettiin sisältävän 15 prosenttia tummaa sivukiveä ja 14 prosenttia litiumköyhää pegmatiittia. Malmilävistyksien keskiarvoiseksi litiumoksidipitoisuudeksi saatiin 1,16 %. Blokkimallinnuksessa saatu tumman sivukiven määrä oli 12,2 %. Litiumköyhän pegmatiitin määrä oli 13,9 %. Kehitetty indeksi toimii myös muiden malmien yhteydessä. Indeksiä voidaan soveltaa, kun malmi ja sivukivi ovat erotettavissa kairasydänraportointia tehdessä. Sensoripohjaisen lajittelun todettiin erottelevan vaalea malmi ja tumma sivukivi 100 prosentin todennäköisyydellä kaikkia sensoreita käyttäen. LASER oli ainoa sensori, joka havaitsi eroja spodumeenipegmatiitin ja litiumköyhän pegmatiitin välillä. LASER-sensori hyväksyi 88% malmiksi luokitelluista kappaleista tuotteeksi, mutta hylkäsi 12 % malmikappaleista jätteeksi
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Tong, Yan. "Technical amenability study of laboratory-scale sensor-based ore sorting on a Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc ore." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43411.

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Automatic sensor-based sorting is a clean preconcentration technique that can be used to separate valuable ore rock from waste rock based on the difference of the detected physical properties. This research evaluated the amenabilities of a Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc ore sample from Pend Oreille Mine to X-ray Fluorescence Sorting, X-ray Transmission Sorting, Optical Sorting and Microwave-Infrared Sorting using laboratory-scale bench-top sensing systems. A methodology for laboratory-scale quick evaluation of the amenability of an ore sample to automatic sensor-based sorting using bench-top sensor systems was generated as reference for future study. The preliminary testwork results showed that the two X-ray methods exhibited the best sorting results. About 37.7%~52.8% of the feed mass could be rejected as waste while above 95% of the lead and zinc was recovered in the product. The sorting feed (-37.5+26.5 mm) could be upgraded by a factor of 1.5~2. The optical sorting method seemed not as effective as the X-ray methods. Only 18.8% of the sorting test feed (-37.5+26.5 mm) was rejected to maintain above 95% metal recovery in the product. The test feed was upgraded by a factor of 1.2. Microwave-Infrared sorting results demonstrated that carbonate gangue mineral does not heat when exposed to microwave heating, while lead-zinc bearing sulfide does. Factors such as particle size, heating time and quantity of particles being heated at a time would influence microwave heating of rocks. Sorting feed of -19+13.2 mm presented the best segregation results after 10s of microwave heating. Above 95% of lead and zinc was recovered in a mass yield of 70% to the product. The test feed was upgraded by a factor of 1.4. The preconcentrate of X-ray Fluorescence sorting had a bond work index 12% smaller than that of the feed ore. The overall metal (lead and zinc) recoveries and grades in the flotation products were also improved after XRF sorting. The costs of both the grinding and the flotation reagent could also be reduced due to the reduction of the feed mass by rejecting the dolomitic gangue minerals up to 50%.
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Books on the topic "Ore Sorting"

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Vatcha, Mehernosh T. Grade distribution at the Whistle Mine (Sudbury, Ontario) with applications to ore sorting. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Earth Sciences, 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Government Information, Justice, and Agriculture Subcommittee. Discounts for ZIP₊4 mail: Hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session, October 21, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Group, Research. The 2000 World Market Forecasts for Imported Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Inc, ICON Group International. 2000 Import and Export Market for Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery in Sweden. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Inc, ICON Group International. 2000 Import and Export Market for Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery in Japan. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Inc, ICON Group International. 2000 Import and Export Market for Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery in Netherlands. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Inc, ICON Group International. 2000 Import and Export Market for Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery in China. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Inc, ICON Group International. 2000 Import and Export Market for Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery in Australia. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Collins, D. N. The separation of coarse particles (>1 mm) using sorting methods based on optical, electrical, gravity and magnetic processes. Mineral Industry Research Organisation, 1995.

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Inc, ICON Group International. The 2000 Import and Export Market for Ore Sorting, Screening, Separating, and Washing Machinery in Mauritius. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ore Sorting"

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de Carvalho, Carlos E. P., and Pedro P. B. de Oliveira. "Sorting with One-Dimensional Cellular Automata Using Odd-Even Transposition." In New Contributions in Information Systems and Technologies, 523–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16486-1_51.

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Schulman, Paul R. "Safety and Security: Managerial Tensions and Synergies." In The Coupling of Safety and Security, 87–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47229-0_9.

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Abstract The relationship between organizational safety and security is a conceptual and practical challenge. This paper focuses on the management aspects of this challenge. Its argument is that we have yet to parse out the full range of contradictory and complementary requirements of these two as managerial missions. Considering the requirements for high reliability management can provide a clarifying lens for sorting out the contradictions and complementarities. Some overlapping requirements from a high reliability perspective actually argue for an integration of the two missions within one managerial framework with enhancements for “higher resolution” reliability.
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Mercer, Calvin. "Protestant Christianity—Sorting Out Soma in the Debate about Transhumanism: One Protestant’s Perspective." In Transhumanism and the Body, 137–54. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137342768_9.

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Marmolejo-Rebellón, Luis Fernando, Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, and Patricia Torres-Lozada. "Organic Waste Composting at Versalles: An Alternative That Contributes to the Economic, Social and Environmental Well-Being of Stakeholders." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 147–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_7.

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AbstractComposting is one of the most widely used technologies for the recovery and use of organic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW); however, its implementation in some developing countries has mostly been ineffective. This chapter documents the experience of the composting of municipal organic waste in the urban area of ​the municipality of Versalles, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Within the locality, composting of organic waste occurs at an MSW management plant (SWMP), after being separated at the source and selectively collected. The information presented was generated through collaborative research projects, conducted with the cooperation of Camino Verde APC (a community-based organisation providing sanitation services) and Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). The evaluations undertaken show that (i) within the locality, high rates of separation, at the source, in conjunction with selective collection and efficient waste sorting and classification processes in the SWMP, have significantly facilitated the composting process; (ii) the incorporation of locally available amendment or bulking materials (e.g. star grass and cane bagasse) improves the physicochemical quality of the processed organic waste and favours development (i.e. a reduction in process time), leading to an improvement in product quality; (iii) the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the composting process can be carried out by previously trained local human talent; and (iv) revenues from the sale of the final product (compost) are not sufficient to cover the operating costs of the composting process. Despite this current lack of financial viability, the application of technology entails environmental benefits (e.g. a reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases) and social benefits (e.g. employment opportunities), which, given the conditions in the municipality studied, highlight the relevance of this technological option.
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WILLS, B. A. "ORE SORTING." In Mineral Processing Technology, 635–43. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034937-4.50023-5.

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"(ore) sorting." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 943. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_150979.

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WILLS, B. A. "ORE SORTING." In Mineral Processing Technology, 522–30. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-031159-3.50023-0.

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Wills, Barry A., and Tim Napier-Munn. "Ore sorting." In Wills' Mineral Processing Technology, 373–77. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075064450-1/50016-3.

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"(ore) sorting house." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 943. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_150980.

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"photometric ore sorting." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 990. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_161311.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ore Sorting"

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Lima, Neymayer Pereira, Luciana Gois, Rodrigo Fina Ferreira, and Jacek Kolacz. "AVALIAçãO DA TECNOLOGIA ORE SORTING PARA GRANULADOS." In 20° Simpósio de Mineração. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-357x-33354.

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Death, D. L., L. J. Pollard, and C. A. Rogers. "Mid-infrared reflectance measurements using a DPSS OPO for on-line determination of mineralogy for ore sorting and characterisation." In 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2005.1547981.

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Khakulov, Viktor A., Vitaly A. Shapovalov, Mikhail V. Ignatov M., and Zhanna V. Karpova. "Creation of Automated Lump Sorting of Molybdenum-Containing Ores in the Technology of Forming the Quality of Ore Mass Flows at the Mining Stage." In 2018 IEEE International Conference "Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmqis.2018.8525108.

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Wheeler. "Sorting Action Potentials One Hundred Channels At A Time." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.593828.

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Wheeler, Bruce C. "Sorting action potentials one hundred channels at a time." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761725.

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Pagels, Kelvin Østergaard, Mikkel Bayard Rasmussen, and Devarajan Ramanujan. "Addressing Information Gaps in Household Waste Sorting Using a Mobile Application." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97385.

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Abstract The Danish government has outlined a target of recycling 50% of total household waste by the year 2022. Improving household waste sorting is an important consideration towards achieving this goal. This paper focuses on understanding existing waste sorting practices among Danish residents and exploring whether a mobile application can help address any existing information gaps. We conducted a preliminary survey (N = 180) that assessed preference for sorting strategies and the types of waste sorted. Following this a more detailed survey was conducted (N = 357) that assessed residents’ motivation to sort household waste, knowledge of local sorting requirements, information gaps that prevent effective sorting, and need for specific features in a mobile application. Results show over one-third of respondents felt they needed additional waste sorting information. Respondents had fewer inaccuracies disposing items within a single waste stream (e.g., electronics waste) compared to items with mixed waste streams (e.g., milk carton with a plastic cap). Based on these findings we propose the design of a mobile application that can potentially improve household waste sorting.
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Bielecki, Dustin, Prakhar Jaiswal, and Rahul Rai. "Binary Image Recognition Utilizing Computer Generated Templates." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67983.

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This paper covers a method of taking images of physical parts which are then preprocessed and compared against CAD generated templates. A pseudo milling operation was performed on discretized points along CAD generated mill paths to create binary image templates. The computer-generated images were then tested against one another as a preliminarily sorting technique. This was done to reduce the number of sorting approaches used, by selecting the most reliable and discerning ones, and discarding the others. To apply the selected sorting methods for comparing CAD generated images and the images of physical parts, a translational and scaling normalization technique was implemented. Rotational variation occurs while scanning physical parts and it was addressed using two different techniques: first by determination of best rotation based on modified-Hausdorff distance (MHD); and second by comparing against all CAD based images for all template rotations. The proposed approach for automated sorting of physical parts was demonstrated by categorizing multiple geometries.
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Khakulov, Viktor A., Vitaly A. Shapovalov, Mikhail V. Ignatov, and Zhanna V. Karpova. "Improving RGB Registration Method for Lump Sorting of Scheelite-Bearing Ores." In 2019 International Conference "Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itqmis.2019.8928427.

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Shang, Beining, Richard M. Crowder, and Klaus-Peter Zauner. "An Approach to Sorting Swarm Robots to Optimize Performance." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59984.

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Swarm robotic systems can offer many advantages including robustness, flexibility and scalability. However one of the issues relating to overall swarm performance that needs to be considered is hardware variations inherent in the implementation of individual swarm robots. This variation can bring behavioral diversity within the swarm, resulting in uncontrollable swarm behaviors, low efficiency, etc. If swarm robots could be separated by behaviors, operational advantages could be obtained. In this paper we report an approach to the sorting of large robotic swarms using an approach inspired by chromatography. Hence the tedious and expensive calibration process can be avoided. The results investigate the influence of the internal control parameters, together with environmental effects on the robotic behavioral sorting. We concluded that if the robot has knowledge of previous events coupled with a specific arena pattern density will offer improved behavioral sorting.
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Tsmots, Ivan, Oleksa Skorokhoda, Volodymyr Antoniv, and Vasyl Rabyk. "Vertically-Parallel Method and VLSI-Structure for Sorting of One-Dimensional Arrays." In 2018 IEEE 13th International Scientific and Technical Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stc-csit.2018.8526598.

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Reports on the topic "Ore Sorting"

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Michael G. Nelson. Application of Odor Sensors to Ore Sorting and Mill Feed Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860997.

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Lazear, Edward. Output-based Pay: Incentives or Sorting? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7419.

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Ajzenman, Nicolás, Eleonora Bertoni, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, and Carolina Méndez Vargas. Altruism or Money?: Reducing Teacher Sorting Using Behavioral Strategies in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002625.

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Frankel, Jeffrey, and Andrew Rose. Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment? Sorting Out the Causality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9201.

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Christensen, Peter, and Christopher Timmins. Sorting or Steering: Experimental Evidence on the Economic Effects of Housing Discrimination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24826.

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Ajzenman, Nicolás, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, and Anne Sofie Olsen. Order Effects and Employment Decisions: Experimental Evidence from a Nationwide Program. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003558.

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In this paper, we show that order effects operate in the context of high-stakes, real-world decisions: employment choices. We experimentally evaluate a nationwide program in Ecuador that changed the order of teaching vacancies on a job application platform in order to reduce teacher sorting (that is, lower-income students are more likely to attend schools with less qualified teachers). In the treatment arm, the platform showed hard-to-staff schools (institutions typically located in more vulnerable areas that normally have greater difficulty attracting teachers) first, while in the control group teaching vacancies were displayed in alphabetical order. In both arms, hard-to-staff schools were labeled with an icon and identical information was given to teachers. We find that a teacher in the treatment arm was more likely to apply to hard-to-staff schools, to rank them as their highest priority, and to be assigned to a job vacancy in one of these schools. The effects were not driven by inattentive, altruistic, or less-qualified teachers. The program has thus helped to reduce the unequal distribution of qualified teachers across schools of different socioeconomic backgrounds.
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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.

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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.
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