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Journal articles on the topic 'Orf63'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Sommer, Marvin H., Edward Zagha, Oscar K. Serrano, et al. "Mutational Analysis of the Repeated Open Reading Frames, ORFs 63 and 70 and ORFs 64 and 69, of Varicella-Zoster Virus." Journal of Virology 75, no. 17 (2001): 8224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.17.8224-8239.2001.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 63 (ORF63), located between nucleotides 110581 and 111417 in the internal repeat region, encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein which is homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP22 and is duplicated in the terminal repeat region as ORF70 (nucleotides 118480 to 119316). We evaluated the role of ORFs 63 and 70 in VZV replication, using recombinant VZV cosmids and PCR-based mutagenesis to make single and dual deletions of these ORFs. VZV was recovered within 8 to 10 days when cosmids with single deletions were transfected into melanom

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2

Jones, Jeremy O., Marvin Sommer, Shaye Stamatis, and Ann M. Arvin. "Mutational Analysis of the Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF62/63 Intergenic Region." Journal of Virology 80, no. 6 (2006): 3116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.6.3116-3121.2006.

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ABSTRACT The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ORF62/63 intergenic region was cloned between the Renilla and firefly luciferase genes, which acted as reporters of ORF62 and ORF63 transcription, and recombinant viruses were generated that carried these reporter cassettes along with the intact native sequences in the repeat regions of the VZV genome. In order to investigate the potential contributions of cellular transregulatory proteins to ORF62 and ORF63 transcription, recombinant reporter viruses with mutations of consensus binding sites for six proteins within the intergenic region were also crea

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3

Hoover, Susan E., Randall J. Cohrs, Zoila G. Rangel, Donald H. Gilden, Peter Munson, and Jeffrey I. Cohen. "Downregulation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Immediate-Early ORF62 Transcription by VZV ORF63 Correlates with Virus Replication In Vitro and with Latency." Journal of Virology 80, no. 7 (2006): 3459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.7.3459-3468.2006.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 63 (ORF63) protein is expressed during latency in human sensory ganglia. Deletion of ORF63 impairs virus replication in cell culture and establishment of latency in cotton rats. We found that cells infected with a VZV ORF63 deletion mutant yielded low titers of cell-free virus and produced very few enveloped virions detectable by electron microscopy compared with those infected with parental virus. Microarray analysis of cells infected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing ORF63 showed that transcription of few human genes was affecte

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4

Sato, Hitoshi, Lesley Pesnicak, and Jeffrey I. Cohen. "Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF47 Protein Kinase, Which Is Required for Replication in Human T Cells, and ORF66 Protein Kinase, Which Is Expressed during Latency, Are Dispensable for Establishment of Latency." Journal of Virology 77, no. 20 (2003): 11180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.20.11180-11185.2003.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in a lifelong latent infection in human sensory and cranial nerve ganglia after primary infection. VZV open reading frame 47 (ORF47) and ORF66 encode protein kinases that phosphorylate several viral proteins, including VZV glycoprotein gE and ORF32, ORF62, and ORF63 proteins. Here we show that the ORF47 protein kinase also phosphorylates gI. While ORF47 is essential for virus replication in human T cells and skin, we found the gene to be dispensable for establishment of latent infection in dorsal root ganglia of rodents. ORF66 protein is expressed

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5

Kenyon, T. K., J. Lynch, J. Hay, W. Ruyechan, and C. Grose. "Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF47 Protein Serine Kinase: Characterization of a Cloned, Biologically Active Phosphotransferase and Two Viral Substrates, ORF62 and ORF63." Journal of Virology 75, no. 18 (2001): 8854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.18.8854-8858.2001.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) codes for a protein serine kinase called ORF47; the herpes simplex virus (HSV) homolog is UL13. No recombinant alphaherpesvirus serine kinase has been biologically active in vitro. We discovered that preservation of the intrinsic kinase activity of recombinant VZV ORF47 required unusually stringent in vitro conditions, including physiological concentrations of polyamines. In this assay, ORF47 phosphorylated two VZV regulatory proteins: the ORF62 protein (homolog of HSV ICP4) and the ORF63 protein (homolog of HSV ICP22). Of interest, ORF47 kinase also copre

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6

Rozen, Ramona, Narayanan Sathish, Yong Li, and Yan Yuan. "Virion-Wide Protein Interactions of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus." Journal of Virology 82, no. 10 (2008): 4742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02745-07.

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ABSTRACT Herpesvirus virions are highly organized structures built through specific protein-protein interactions. Thus, revelation of the protein interactions among virion proteins will shed light on the processes and the mechanisms of virion formation. Recently, we identified 24 virion proteins of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), using a proteomic approach (F. X. Zhu et al., J. Virol. 79:800-811, 2005). In the current study, a comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interaction between KSHV virion proteins was carried out using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and coimmunoprecipitation

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7

Cohen, Jeffrey I., Tammy Krogmann, Sebastien Bontems, Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux, and Lesley Pesnicak. "Regions of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 63 Latency-Associated Protein Important for Replication In Vitro Are Also Critical for Efficient Establishment of Latency." Journal of Virology 79, no. 8 (2005): 5069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.8.5069-5077.2005.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 63 (ORF63) is one of the most abundant transcripts expressed during VZV latency in humans, and ORF63 protein has been detected in human ganglia by several laboratories. Deletion of over 90% of the ORF63 gene showed that the protein is required for efficient establishment of latency in rodents. We have constructed viruses with a series of mutations in ORF63. While prior experiments showed that transfection of cells with a plasmid expressing ORF63 but lacking the putative nuclear localization signal of the protein resulted in increased exp

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8

Cohen, Jeffrey I., Edward Cox, Lesley Pesnicak, Shamala Srinivas, and Tammy Krogmann. "The Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 63 Latency-Associated Protein Is Critical for Establishment of Latency." Journal of Virology 78, no. 21 (2004): 11833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.21.11833-11840.2004.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) expresses at least six viral transcripts during latency. One of these transcripts, derived from open reading frame 63 (ORF63), is one of the most abundant viral RNAs expressed during latency. The VZV ORF63 protein has been detected in human and experimentally infected rodent ganglia by several laboratories. We have deleted >90% of both copies of the ORF63 gene from the VZV genome. Animals inoculated with the ORF63 mutant virus had lower mean copy numbers of latent VZV genomes in the dorsal root ganglia 5 to 6 weeks after infection than animals inoculate

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9

Ambagala, Aruna P. N., and Jeffrey I. Cohen. "Varicella-Zoster Virus IE63, a Major Viral Latency Protein, Is Required To Inhibit the Alpha Interferon-Induced Antiviral Response." Journal of Virology 81, no. 15 (2007): 7844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00325-07.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 63 (ORF63) is the most abundant transcript expressed during latency in human sensory ganglia. VZV with ORF63 deleted is impaired for replication in melanoma cells and fibroblasts and for latency in rodents. We found that replication of the ORF63 deletion mutant is fully complemented in U2OS cells, which have been shown to complement the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP0 mutants. Since HSV-1 ICP0 mutants are hypersensitive to alpha interferon (IFN-α), we examined the effect of IFN-α on VZV replication. Replication of the

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10

Gerada, Chelsea, Megan Steain, Brian P. McSharry, Barry Slobedman, and Allison Abendroth. "Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF63 Protects Human Neuronal and Keratinocyte Cell Lines from Apoptosis and Changes Its Localization upon Apoptosis Induction." Journal of Virology 92, no. 12 (2018): e00338-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00338-18.

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ABSTRACTThere are many facets of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) pathogenesis that are not fully understood, such as the mechanisms involved in the establishment of lifelong latency, reactivation, and development of serious conditions like postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Virus-encoded modulation of apoptosis has been suggested to play an important role in these processes. VZV open reading frame 63 (ORF63) has been shown to modulate apoptosis in a cell-type-specific manner, but the impact of ORF63 on cell death pathways has not been examined in isolation in the context of human cells. We sought to e

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11

Latif, Muhammad Bilal, Bénédicte Machiels, Xue Xiao, Jan Mast, Alain Vanderplasschen, and Laurent Gillet. "Deletion of Murid Herpesvirus 4 ORF63 Affects the Trafficking of Incoming Capsids toward the Nucleus." Journal of Virology 90, no. 5 (2015): 2455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02942-15.

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ABSTRACTGammaherpesviruses are important human and animal pathogens. Despite the fact that they display the classical architecture of herpesviruses, the function of most of their structural proteins is still poorly defined. This is especially true for tegument proteins. Interestingly, a potential role in immune evasion has recently been proposed for the tegument protein encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame 63 (ORF63). To gain insight about the roles of ORF63 in the life cycle of a gammaherpesvirus, we generated null mutations in the ORF63 gene of murid herpesvi

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12

Hood, Chantelle, Anthony L. Cunningham, Barry Slobedman, et al. "Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF63 Inhibits Apoptosis of Primary Human Neurons." Journal of Virology 80, no. 2 (2006): 1025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.2.1025-1031.2006.

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ABSTRACT Virus-encoded modulation of apoptosis may serve as a mechanism to enhance cell survival and virus persistence. The impact of productive varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection on apoptosis appears to be cell type specific, as infected human sensory neurons are resistant to apoptosis, yet human fibroblasts readily become apoptotic. We sought to identify the viral gene product(s) responsible for this antiapoptotic phenotype in primary human sensory neurons. Treatment with phosphonoacetic acid to inhibit viral DNA replication and late-phase gene expression did not alter the antiapoptotic

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13

Ouwendijk, Werner J. D., Alexander Choe, Maria A. Nagel, et al. "Restricted Varicella-Zoster Virus Transcription in Human Trigeminal Ganglia Obtained Soon after Death." Journal of Virology 86, no. 18 (2012): 10203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01331-12.

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We analyzed the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) transcriptome in 43 latently infected human trigeminal ganglia (TG) with postmortem intervals (PMIs) ranging from 3.7 to 24 h. Multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) revealed no VZV transcripts with a PMI of <9 h. Real-time PCR indicated a significant increase (P= 0.02) in VZV ORF63 transcript levels but not the virus DNA burden with longer PMI. Overall, both the breadth of the VZV transcriptome and the VZV ORF63 transcript levels in human cadaver TG increased with longer PMI.

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14

Baiker, Armin, Christoph Bagowski, Hideki Ito, et al. "The Immediate-Early 63 Protein of Varicella-Zoster Virus: Analysis of Functional Domains Required for Replication In Vitro and for T-Cell and Skin Tropism in the SCIDhu Model In Vivo." Journal of Virology 78, no. 3 (2004): 1181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.3.1181-1194.2004.

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ABSTRACT The immediate-early 63-kDa (IE63) protein of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a phosphoprotein encoded by open reading frame (ORF) ORF63/ORF70. To identify functional domains, 22 ORF63 mutations were evaluated for effects on IE63 binding to the major VZV transactivator, IE62, and on IE63 phosphorylation and nuclear localization in transient transfections, and after insertion into the viral genome with VZV cosmids. The IE62 binding site was mapped to IE63 amino acids 55 to 67, with R59/L60 being critical residues. Alanine substitutions within the IE63 center region showed that S165, S17

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15

Mueller, N. H., M. S. Walters, R. A. Marcus, et al. "Identification of phosphorylated residues on varicella-zoster virus immediate-early protein ORF63." Journal of General Virology 91, no. 5 (2010): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.019067-0.

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16

Boyle, Joseph P., and Tom P. Monie. "Computational analysis predicts the Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus tegument protein ORF63 to be alpha helical." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 80, no. 8 (2012): 2063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.24097.

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17

Eberle, Karolin E., Samy Sayed, Mohammedreza Rezapanah, Sharareh Shojai-Estabragh, and Johannes A. Jehle. "Diversity and evolution of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 3 (2009): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.006999-0.

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Eight new field isolates of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) originating in Iran and Georgia and one English CpGV isolate were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and by partial genome amplification and sequencing. According to the observed RFLPs, most of the predominant genotypes of these isolates could be assigned to those present in previously found isolates originating from Mexico (CpGV-M), England (CpGV-E) and Russia (CpGV-R). We suggest that these isolates should be designated genome A, B and C types, respectively. A fourth genome type was identified in thre

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18

Walters, Matthew S., Christos A. Kyratsous, Shilin Wan, and Saul Silverstein. "Nuclear Import of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency-Associated Protein ORF63 in Primary Neurons Requires Expression of the Lytic Protein ORF61 and Occurs in a Proteasome-Dependent Manner." Journal of Virology 82, no. 17 (2008): 8673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00685-08.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 63 protein (ORF63p) is one of six VZV ORFs shown to be transcribed and translated in latently infected human dorsal root ganglia. ORF63p accumulates exclusively in the cytoplasm of latently infected sensory neurons, whereas it is both nuclear and cytoplasmic during lytic infection and following reactivation from latency. Here, we demonstrate that infection of primary guinea pig enteric neurons (EN) with an adenovirus expressing ORF63p results in the exclusive cytoplasmic localization of the protein reminiscent of its distribution d

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19

Sato, Hitoshi, Lesley Pesnicak, and Jeffrey I. Cohen. "Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 2 Encodes a Membrane Phosphoprotein That Is Dispensable for Viral Replication and for Establishment of Latency." Journal of Virology 76, no. 7 (2002): 3575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.7.3575-3578.2002.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes six genes that do not have homologs in herpes simplex virus. One of these genes, VZV open reading frame 2 (ORF2), was expressed as a 31-kDa phosphoprotein in the membranes of infected cells. Unlike equine and bovine herpesvirus type 1 ORF2 homologs that are associated with virions, VZV virions contained no detectable ORF2 protein. The ORF2 deletion mutant established a latent infection in cotton rats at a frequency and with a number of VZV genomes similar to that of the parental virus. ORF63 transcripts, a hallmark of latent infection, were present

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20

Nordqvist, K., K. Ohman, and G. Akusjärvi. "Human adenovirus encodes two proteins which have opposite effects on accumulation of alternatively spliced mRNAs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 1 (1994): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.437.

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All mRNAs expressed from the adenovirus major late transcription unit have a common, 201-nucleotide-long 5' leader sequence, which consists of three short exons (the tripartite leader). This leader has two variants, either with or without the i-leader exon, which, when present, is spliced between the second and the third exons of the tripartite leader. Previous studies have shown that adenovirus early region 4 (E4) encodes two proteins, E4 open reading frame 3 (E4-ORF3) and E4-ORF6, which are required for efficient expression of mRNAs from the major late transcription unit. These two E4 protei

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21

Nordqvist, K., K. Ohman, and G. Akusjärvi. "Human adenovirus encodes two proteins which have opposite effects on accumulation of alternatively spliced mRNAs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 1 (1994): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.437-445.1994.

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All mRNAs expressed from the adenovirus major late transcription unit have a common, 201-nucleotide-long 5' leader sequence, which consists of three short exons (the tripartite leader). This leader has two variants, either with or without the i-leader exon, which, when present, is spliced between the second and the third exons of the tripartite leader. Previous studies have shown that adenovirus early region 4 (E4) encodes two proteins, E4 open reading frame 3 (E4-ORF3) and E4-ORF6, which are required for efficient expression of mRNAs from the major late transcription unit. These two E4 protei

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22

Evans, Jared D., and Patrick Hearing. "Distinct Roles of the Adenovirus E4 ORF3 Protein in Viral DNA Replication and Inhibition of Genome Concatenation." Journal of Virology 77, no. 9 (2003): 5295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.9.5295-5304.2003.

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ABSTRACT Adenovirus early proteins E4 ORF3 and E4 ORF6 have complementary functions during viral infection. Both proteins facilitate efficient viral DNA replication, late protein expression, and prevention of concatenation of viral genomes. Additionally, E4 ORF6 is involved in the shutoff of the host cell protein synthesis through its interaction with the E1B 55K protein. This complex also leads to the degradation of p53. A unique function of E4 ORF3 is the reorganization of nuclear structures known as PML oncogenic domains (PODs). The function of these domains is unclear, but PODs have been i

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23

Castillo-Villanueva, Elizabeth, Grisel Ballesteros, Melanie Schmid, et al. "The Mre11 Cellular Protein Is Modified by Conjugation of Both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3 during Adenovirus Infection." ISRN Virology 2014 (April 7, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/989160.

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The adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E1B 55 kDa and E4 Orf6 proteins assemble a Cullin 5-E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase that targets, among other cellular proteins, p53 and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex for degradation. The latter is also inhibited by the E4 Orf3 protein, which promotes the recruitment of Mre11 into specific nuclear sites to promote viral DNA replication. The activities associated with the E1B 55 kDa and E4 Orf6 viral proteins depend mostly on the assembly of this E3-Ub ligase. However, E1B 55 kDa can also function as an E3-SUMO ligase, suggesting not only that regulation of cellular pr

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24

Preziuso, Sgorbini, Marmorini, and Cuteri. "Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes." Viruses 11, no. 9 (2019): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090851.

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Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen of horses. It is spread worldwide and causes significant economic losses. The ORF33 gene has a conserved region that is often used as target in diagnostic PCR protocols. Single nucleotide point (SNP) mutations in ORF30 are usually used to distinguish between neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic genotypes. An ORF68 SNP-based scheme has been used for grouping different isolates. Recently, the highest number of variable sites in EHV-1 from the UK has been found in ORF34. In this study, EHV-1 positive samples from Italian horses with a h

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25

Lusky, M., L. Grave, A. Dieterlé, et al. "Regulation of Adenovirus-Mediated Transgene Expression by the Viral E4 Gene Products: Requirement for E4 ORF3." Journal of Virology 73, no. 10 (1999): 8308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.10.8308-8319.1999.

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ABSTRACT In a previous study we showed that multiple deletions of the adenoviral regulatory E1/E3/E4 or E1/E3/E2A genes did not influence the in vivo persistence of the viral genome or affect the antiviral host immune response (Lusky et al., J. Virol. 72:2022–2032, 1998). In this study, the influence of the adenoviral E4 region on the strength and persistence of transgene expression was evaluated by using as a model system the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA transcribed from the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. We show that the viral E4 region is indispensa

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26

Brander, Christian, Noopur Raje, Paula G. O'Connor, et al. "Absence of biologically important Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus gene products and virus-specific cellular immune responses in multiple myeloma." Blood 100, no. 2 (2002): 698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v100.2.698.

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Abstract Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been associated with several diseases, but the association between KSHV and multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. To address this issue, we studied patients with MM for the presence of viral RNA transcripts as well as KSHV-specific cellular immune responses. Highly sensitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of viral transcripts of KSHV open reading frame (ORF) 26, ORF72, and ORF74 did not detect viral gene transcripts in long-term cultures of bone marrow stromal cells from 23 patients with MM.

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27

Desnoues, Nicole, Min Lin, Xianwu Guo, Luyan Ma, Ricardo Carreño-Lopez, and Claudine Elmerich. "Nitrogen fixation genetics and regulation in a Pseudomonas stutzeri strain associated with rice." Microbiology 149, no. 8 (2003): 2251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26270-0.

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The Pseudomonas stutzeri strain A1501 (formerly known as Alcaligenes faecalis) fixes nitrogen under microaerobic conditions in the free-living state and colonizes rice endophytically. The authors characterized a region in strain A1501, corresponding to most of the nif genes and the rnf genes, involved in electron transport to nitrogenase in Rhodobacter capsulatus. The region contained three groups of genes arranged in the same order as in Azotobacter vinelandii: (1) nifB fdx ORF3 nifQ ORF5 ORF6; (2) nifLA-rnfABCDGEF-nifY2/nafY; (3) ORF13 ORF12-nifHDK-nifTY ORF1 ORF2-nifEN. Unlike in A. vinelan

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28

Goodrum, Felicia D., and David A. Ornelles. "Roles for the E4 orf6, orf3, and E1B 55-Kilodalton Proteins in Cell Cycle-Independent Adenovirus Replication." Journal of Virology 73, no. 9 (1999): 7474–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.9.7474-7488.1999.

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ABSTRACT Adenoviruses bearing lesions in the E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B 55-kDa) gene are restricted by the cell cycle such that mutant virus growth is most impaired in cells infected during G1 and least restricted in cells infected during S phase (F. D. Goodrum and D. A. Ornelles, J. Virol. 71:548–561, 1997). A similar defect is reported here for E4 orf6-mutant viruses. An E4 orf3-mutant virus was not restricted for growth by the cell cycle. However, orf3 was required for enhanced growth of an E4 orf6-mutant virus in cells infected during S phase. The cell cycle restriction may be linked to virus

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29

Lambert, Marion, Monique Gannagé, Alexandre Karras, et al. "Differences in the frequency and function of HHV8-specific CD8 T cells between asymptomatic HHV8 infection and Kaposi sarcoma." Blood 108, no. 12 (2006): 3871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-03-014225.

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AbstractIt is unclear how the immune response controls human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8; also known as Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) replication and thereby prevents Kaposi sarcoma (KS). We compared CD8 T-cell responses to HHV8 latent (K12) and lytic (glycoprotein B, ORF6, ORF61, and ORF65) antigens in patients who spontaneously controlled the infection and in patients with posttransplantation, AIDS-related, or classical KS. We found that anti-HHV8 responses were frequent, diverse, and strongly differentiated toward an effector phenotype in patients who controlled the infection. Conve

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30

Santarelli, R., A. Farina, M. Granato, et al. "Identification and Characterization of the Product Encoded by ORF69 of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus." Journal of Virology 82, no. 9 (2008): 4562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02400-07.

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ABSTRACT We report the identification and characterization of p33, the product of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 69 (ORF69), a positional homolog of the conserved herpesvirus protein UL31. p33 is expressed upon induction of viral lytic cycle with early kinetics. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that in infected cell lines, the protein is localized in the nucleus, both in dotted spots and along the nuclear membrane. Nuclear fractionation experiments showed that p33 partitions with the nuclear matrix, and both immunoblotting of purified virions and immunoel

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31

Xia, Dongxiang, Shamala Srinivas, Hitoshi Sato, Lesley Pesnicak, Stephen E. Straus, and Jeffrey I. Cohen. "Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 21, Which Is Expressed during Latency, Is Essential for Virus Replication but Dispensable for Establishment of Latency." Journal of Virology 77, no. 2 (2003): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.2.1211-1218.2003.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 21 (ORF21) is one of at least five VZV genes expressed in latently infected human and rodent ganglia. To determine whether ORF21 is required for latent and lytic infection, we deleted 99% of ORF21 from the viral genome. The ORF21 deletion mutant virus could be propagated only in a cell line expressing the ORF21 protein. Insertion of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) homolog of VZV ORF21, HSV-1 UL37, into the ORF21 deletion mutant failed to complement the mutant for growth in cell culture. Inoculation of cotton rats with the ORF21 d

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32

Sohn, Sook-Young, and Patrick Hearing. "Adenovirus Regulates Sumoylation of Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 Components through a Paralog-Specific Mechanism." Journal of Virology 86, no. 18 (2012): 9656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01273-12.

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The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex plays a key role in the DNA damage response, presenting challenges for DNA viruses and retroviruses. To inactivate this complex, adenovirus (Ad) makes use of the E1B-55K and E4-open reading frame 6 (ORF6) proteins for ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated, proteasome-dependent degradation of MRN and the E4-ORF3 protein for relocalization and sequestration of MRN within infected-cell nuclei. Here, we report that Mre11 is modified by the Ub-related modifier SUMO-2 and Nbs1 is modified by both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. We found that Mre11 and Nbs1 are sumoylated during Ad5 infection

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Wang, Li, Marvin Sommer, Jaya Rajamani, and Ann M. Arvin. "Regulation of the ORF61 Promoter and ORF61 Functions in Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication and Pathogenesis." Journal of Virology 83, no. 15 (2009): 7560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00118-09.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 61 (ORF61) encodes a protein that transactivates viral and cellular promoters in transient-transfection assays and is the ortholog of herpes simplex virus ICP0. In this report, we mapped the ORF61 promoter and investigated its regulation by viral and cellular proteins in transient-expression experiments and by mutagenesis of the VZV genome (parent Oka strain). The 5′ boundary of the minimal ORF61 promoter required for IE62 transactivation was mapped to position −95 relative to the mRNA start site, and three noncanonical GT-rich Sp1-bindi

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Kang, Hyung-Woo, Eun-Yong Lee, Kyoung-Ki Lee, et al. "Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040425.

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Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen in horses. It affects horses worldwide and causes substantial economic losses. In this study, for the first time, we characterized EHV-1 isolates from South Korea at the molecular level. We then aimed to determine the genetic divergences of these isolates by comparing them to sequences in databases. In total, 338 horse samples were collected, and 12 EHV-1 were isolated. We performed ORF30, ORF33, ORF68, and ORF34 genetic analysis and carried out multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 12 isolated EHV-1. All isolated viruses were confirmed as

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Zuo, Lan, Qi Gui Yan, Yan Lei, et al. "DNA Vaccines Co-Expressing Containing Hsp70 and GP5/M Protein of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Display Enhanced Immunogenicity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.452.

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Construction of Eukaryotic recombinant expression Vector pCI-ORF5-ORF6/ pCI-ORF5-ORF6B-Hsp70 Containing Hsp70 and PRRSV GP5/M (encoded by ORF5 and ORF6 genes), and to study its immune effect. After ifentified by enzyme analysis and nucleotide sequencing test,the repression vector plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells. The transient expression protein was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western-blotting. The immunogenicities of this DNA vaccine constructs were firstly investigated in a mouse moder. IFN-γ, IL-4 of cytokine, and the spleen T-lymphocyte subgroup quantity

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Bortz, Eric, Lili Wang, Qingmei Jia, et al. "Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 ORF52 Encodes a Tegument Protein Required for Virion Morphogenesis in the Cytoplasm." Journal of Virology 81, no. 18 (2007): 10137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01233-06.

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ABSTRACT The tegument, a semiordered matrix of proteins overlying the nucleocapsid and underlying the virion envelope, in viruses in the gamma subfamily of Herpesviridae is poorly understood. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is a robust model for studying gammaherpesvirus virion structure, assembly, and composition, as MHV-68 efficiently completes the lytic phase and productively infects cultured cells. We have found that MHV-68 ORF52 encodes an abundant tegument protein conserved among gammaherpesviruses. Detergent sensitivity experiments revealed that the MHV-68 ORF52 protein is more tigh

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Cohen, Jeffrey I., Tammy Krogmann, Jeffrey P. Ross, Lesley Pesnicak, and Elena A. Prikhod'ko. "Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF4 Latency-Associated Protein Is Important for Establishment of Latency." Journal of Virology 79, no. 11 (2005): 6969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.11.6969-6975.2005.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes at least six genes that are expressed during latency. One of the genes, ORF4, encodes an immediate-early protein that is present in the virion tegument. ORF4 RNA and protein have been detected in latently infected human ganglia. We have constructed a VZV mutant deleted for ORF4 and have shown that the gene is essential for replication in vitro. The ORF4 mutant virus could be propagated when grown in cells infected with baculovirus expressing the ORF4 protein under the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter. In contrast, the VZV ORF4 deletio

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Wang, Shie-Shan, Lee-Wen Chen, Li-Yu Chen, et al. "Transcriptional regulation of the ORF61 and ORF60 genes of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus." Virology 397, no. 2 (2010): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.031.

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Kondo, Hideki, Takanori Maeda, Yukio Shirako, and Tetsuo Tamada. "Orchid fleck virus is a rhabdovirus with an unusual bipartite genome." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 8 (2006): 2413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81811-0.

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Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has an unusual bipartite negative-sense RNA genome with clear sequence similarities to those of nucleorhabdoviruses. The OFV genome consists of two single-stranded RNA molecules, RNA1 and RNA2 that are 6413 and 6001 nt long, respectively, with open reading frame (ORF) information in the complementary sense. RNA1 encodes 49 (ORF1), 26 (ORF2), 38 (ORF3), 20 (ORF4) and 61 kDa (ORF5) proteins, and RNA2 encodes a single protein of 212 kDa (ORF6). ORF1, ORF5 and ORF6 proteins had significant similarities (21–38 % identity) to the nucleocapsid protein (N), glycoprotein (G) an

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Corchero, Jose L., Eng-Chun Mar, Thomas J. Spira, Philip E. Pellett, and Naoki Inoue. "Comparison of Serologic Assays for Detection of Antibodies against Human Herpesvirus 8." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 5 (2001): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.5.913-921.2001.

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ABSTRACT Improvement of serologic assays for detection of antibodies against human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is critical to better understand its epidemiology and biology. We produced the HHV-8 latent (ORF73) and lytic (ORF65, K8.1, and glycoprotein B) antigens in the Semliki Forest virus system and evaluated their performance in immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). These assays were compared with other latent antigen-based assays, including an IFA based on primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells and an ELISA based on bacterially expressed ORF73 antigen,

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Reichelt, Mike, Jennifer Brady, and Ann M. Arvin. "The Replication Cycle of Varicella-Zoster Virus: Analysis of the Kinetics of Viral Protein Expression, Genome Synthesis, and Virion Assembly at the Single-Cell Level." Journal of Virology 83, no. 8 (2009): 3904–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02137-08.

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ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human alphaherpesvirus that is highly cell associated in cell culture. Because cell-free virus yields are too low to permit the synchronous infections needed for time-resolved analyses, information is lacking about the sequence of events during the VZV replication cycle. To address this challenge, we differentially labeled VZV-infected inoculum cells (input) and uninfected (output) cells with fluorescent cell dyes or endocytosed nanogold particles and evaluated newly infected cells by confocal immunofluorescence or electron microscopy (EM) at the sing

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Fraser, Kathryn A., and Stephen A. Rice. "Herpes Simplex Virus Immediate-Early Protein ICP22 Triggers Loss of Serine 2-Phosphorylated RNA Polymerase II." Journal of Virology 81, no. 10 (2007): 5091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00184-07.

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ABSTRACT During eukaryotic mRNA transcription, the synthetic activity and mRNA processing factor interactions of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) are regulated by phosphorylation of its carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD), with modification occurring primarily on serines 2 and 5 of the CTD. We previously showed that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection rapidly triggers the loss of RNAP II forms bearing serine 2 phosphorylation (Ser-2P RNAP II). Here we show that the HSV-1 immediate-early (IE) protein ICP22 is responsible for this effect during the IE phase of infection. This activity does not r

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Zhang, Yuan Xin, and Suresh S. Patil. "The phtE Locus in the Phaseolotoxin Gene Cluster Has ORFs with Homologies to Genes Encoding Amino Acid Transferases, the AraC Family of Transcriptional Factors, and Fatty Acid Desaturases." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, no. 8 (1997): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.8.947.

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A cluster of genes involved in the production of phaseolotoxin, a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, contains eight (phtA through phtH) complementation groups (Y. X. Zhang, K. B. Rowley, and S. S. Patil, J. Bacteriol., 175:6451–6458, 1993). In this study, sequencing of the region encompassing the phtE locus revealed six putative open reading frames (ORFs), each preceded by a putative ribosomal binding site, and all oriented in the same direction. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction suggested that the phtE locus is transcribed as one large (6.4 kb) transcr

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Goudsmit, J., N. Renwick, N. H. T. M. Dukers, et al. "Human herpesvirus 8 infections in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (1984-1997): Analysis of seroconversions to ORF65 and ORF73." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 9 (2000): 4838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4838.

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Kiatpapan, Pornpimon, Yoshiteru Hashimoto, Hisako Nakamura, et al. "Characterization of pRGO1, a Plasmid from Propionibacterium acidipropionici, and Its Use for Development of a Host-Vector System in Propionibacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (2000): 4688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4688-4695.2000.

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ABSTRACT The complete nucleotide sequence of pRGO1, a cryptic plasmid fromPropionibacterium acidipropionici E214, was determined. pRGO1 is 6,868 bp long, and its G+C content is 65.0%. Frame analysis of the sequence revealed six open reading frames, which were designated Orf1 to Orf6. The deduced amino acid sequences of Orf1 and Orf2 showed extensive similarities to an initiator of plasmid replication, the Rep protein, of various plasmids of gram-positive bacteria. The amino acid sequence of the putative translation product of orf3 exhibited a high degree of similarity to the amino acid sequenc

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Karen, Kasey A., Peter J. Hoey, C. S. H. Young, and Patrick Hearing. "Temporal Regulation of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 Complex during Adenovirus Infection." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (2009): 4565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00042-09.

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ABSTRACT Adenovirus infection induces a cellular DNA damage response that can inhibit viral DNA replication and ligate viral genomes into concatemers. It is not clear if the input virus is sufficient to trigger this response or if viral DNA replication is required. Adenovirus has evolved two mechanisms that target the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex to inhibit the DNA damage response. These include E4-ORF3-dependent relocalization of MRN proteins and E4-ORF6/E1B-55K-dependent degradation of MRN components. The literature suggests that degradation of the MRN complex due to E4-ORF6/E1B-55K does n

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Heineman, T. C., and J. I. Cohen. "The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 47 (ORF47) protein kinase is dispensable for viral replication and is not required for phosphorylation of ORF63 protein, the VZV homolog of herpes simplex virus ICP22." Journal of virology 69, no. 11 (1995): 7367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.69.11.7367-7370.1995.

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DeHart, Caroline J., David H. Perlman, and S. J. Flint. "Impact of the Adenoviral E4 Orf3 Protein on the Activity and Posttranslational Modification of p53." Journal of Virology 89, no. 6 (2015): 3209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03072-14.

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ABSTRACTOur previous studies have established that the p53 populations that accumulate in normal human cells exposed to etoposide or infected by an E1B 55-kDa protein-null mutant of human adenovirus type 5 carry a large number of posttranslational modifications at numerous residues (C. J. DeHart, J. S. Chahal, S. J. Flint, and D. H. Perlman, Mol Cell Proteomics13:1–17, 2014,http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M113.030254). In the absence of this E1B protein, the p53 transcriptional program is not induced, and it has been reported that the viral E4 Orf3 protein inactivates p53 (C. Soria, F. E. Esterm

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Zolezzi, Paula Cerdá, Pilar Goñi Cepero, Joaquim Ruiz, Leticia Millán Laplana, Carmen Rubio Calvo, and Rafael Gómez-Lus. "Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide and Tetracycline Resistances in Commensal Gemella sp. Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 4 (2007): 1487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01374-06.

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ABSTRACT The epidemiologic relatedness of 29 erythromycin-resistant Gemella sp. strains from normal flora, characterized previously, were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Three isolates carried the tet(O) gene and the tet(M) gene. The msr(A) gene was found in two Gemella morbillorum strains in combination with the erm(B) or mef(E) gene. The sequences of the mef(A/E), erm(B), and msr(A) genes showed a high similarity to the corresponding sequences of other gram-positive cocci. All the strains harboring the mef(A/E) gene and the msr(D) gene possessed open reading frame 3 (OR

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Johnson, Glenn R., Rakesh K. Jain, and Jim C. Spain. "Origins of the 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Pathway." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 15 (2002): 4219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.15.4219-4232.2002.

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ABSTRACT The degradation of synthetic compounds requires bacteria to recruit and adapt enzymes from pathways for naturally occurring compounds. Previous work defined the steps in 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) metabolism through the ring fission reaction. The results presented here characterize subsequent steps in the pathway that yield the central metabolic intermediates pyruvate and propionyl coenzyme A (CoA). The genes encoding the degradative pathway were identified within a 27-kb region of DNA cloned from Burkholderia cepacia R34, a strain that grows using 2,4-DNT as a sole carbon, energy,

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