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1

Poralla, T., M. Manns, W. Dippold, H. P. Dienes, and K. H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde. "Organ Specificity of LSP." Gastroenterology 88, no. 1 (1985): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(85)80168-2.

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2

Heinrichs, Arianne. "Organ specificity during metastasis." Trends in Molecular Medicine 7, no. 5 (2001): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4914(01)02030-5.

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3

Ibragimova, Marina K., Matvey M. Tsyganov, Ekaterina A. Kravtsova, Irina A. Tsydenova, and Nikolai V. Litviakov. "Organ-Specificity of Breast Cancer Metastasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21 (2023): 15625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115625.

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Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Breast cancer shows metastatic heterogeneity with priority to different organs, which leads to differences in prognosis and response to therapy among patients. The main targets for metastasis in BC are the bone, lung, liver and brain. The molecular mechanism of BC organ-specificity is still under investigation. In recent years, the appearance of new genomic approaches has led to unprecedented changes in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis organ-specificity and has provided a new platform for the development of more effective therapeutic agents. This review summarises recent data on molecular organ-specific markers of metastasis as the basis of a possible therapeutic approach in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with metastatically heterogeneous breast cancer.
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4

Dion, Vincent. "Tissue specificity in DNA repair: lessons from trinucleotide repeat instability." Trends In Genetics : Tig 30, no. 6 (2014): 220–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2014.04.005.

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DNA must constantly be repaired to maintain genome stability. Although it is clear that DNA repair reactions depend on cell type and developmental stage, we know surprisingly little about the mechanisms that underlie this tissue specificity. This is due, in part, to the lack of adequate study systems. This review discusses recent progress toward understanding the mechanism leading to varying rates of instability at expanded trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) in different tissues. Although they are not DNA lesions, TNRs are hotspots for genome instability because normal DNA repair activities cause changes in repeat length. The rates of expansions and contractions are readily detectable and depend on cell identity, making TNR instability a particularly convenient model system. A better understanding of this type of genome instability will provide a foundation for studying tissue-specific DNA repair more generally, which has implications in cancer and other diseases caused by mutations in the caretakers of the genome.
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5

McComb, Ellen A., A. Raymond Miller, and Joseph C. Scheerens. "Tissue Specificity of `Chandler' Strawberry Peroxidase Isozymes." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 439B—439. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.439b.

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Peroxidase activity in extracts from freeze-dried tissue of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Chandler was highest in tissue-cultured (TC) plants, followed by field-grown (FG) and lowest in greenhouse (GH) plants. Among tissue types, activity was highest in petioles, with leaves second highest. Fruit, root, and crown tissue all exhibited low or no activity. When subjected to isoelectric focusing (IEF), petiole tissue extracts exhibited more isozymes than extracts from other organs regardless of staining substrate. Using 4-chloro-1-naphthol and H2O2 as substrates, anionic and cationic isozymes were observed in TC petiole extract with nine isozyme bands ranging in pI from 3.9 to 9.5. In TC leaf extract an isozyme at pI 7.4 was observed that was not present in other organ extracts when H2O2 and benzidine, p-phenylenediamine or 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole were used as substrates. Specific isozymes and number of isozymes varied according to plant organ and developmental stage. Mature leaves and over-ripe fruit appeared to exhibit more activity and a larger number of isozymes than developing tissues of those plant organs.
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6

Ribatti, Domenico, Beatrice Nico, Angelo Vacca, Luisa Roncali, and Franco Dammacco. "Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Organ Specificity." Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research 11, no. 1 (2002): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/152581602753448559.

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7

Goslin, Kevin, Andrea Finocchio, and Frank Wellmer. "Floral Homeotic Factors: A Question of Specificity." Plants 12, no. 5 (2023): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051128.

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MADS-domain transcription factors are involved in the control of a multitude of processes in eukaryotes, and in plants, they play particularly important roles during reproductive development. Among the members of this large family of regulatory proteins are the floral organ identity factors, which specify the identities of the different types of floral organs in a combinatorial manner. Much has been learned over the past three decades about the function of these master regulators. For example, it has been shown that they have similar DNA-binding activities and that their genome-wide binding patterns exhibit large overlaps. At the same time, it appears that only a minority of binding events lead to changes in gene expression and that the different floral organ identity factors have distinct sets of target genes. Thus, binding of these transcription factors to the promoters of target genes alone may not be sufficient for their regulation. How these master regulators achieve specificity in a developmental context is currently not well understood. Here, we review what is known about their activities and highlight open questions that need to be addressed to gain more detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions. We discuss evidence for the involvement of cofactors as well as the results from studies on transcription factors in animals that may be instructive for a better understanding of how the floral organ identity factors achieve regulatory specificity.
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8

Dong, Zigang, and Alan M. Jeffrey. "Mechanisms of Organ Specificity in Chemical Carcinogenesis." Cancer Investigation 8, no. 5 (1990): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07357909009012077.

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9

Warshawsky, David, Susan Fremont, Weiling Xue, et al. "Target Organ Specificity For N-Heterocyclic Aromatics." Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 6, no. 1-4 (1994): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406639408031164.

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10

Kahng, M. W., and S. Lakshmanan. "Mediation of organ specificity in chemical carcinogenesis." Medical Hypotheses 16, no. 4 (1985): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(85)90062-3.

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11

Bignami, G. "Species specificity of organ toxicity: Behavioral differences." Toxicology Letters 74 (August 1994): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(94)90226-7.

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12

Cameirão, Cristina, Daniela Costa, José Rufino, José Alberto Pereira, Teresa Lino-Neto, and Paula Baptista. "Diversity, Composition, and Specificity of the Philaenus spumarius Bacteriome." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (2024): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020298.

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Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) was recently classified as a pest due to its ability to act as a vector of the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa. This insect has been reported to harbour several symbiotic bacteria that play essential roles in P. spumarius health and fitness. However, the factors driving bacterial assemblages remain largely unexplored. Here, the bacteriome associated with different organs (head, abdomen, and genitalia) of males and females of P. spumarius was characterized using culturally dependent and independent methods and compared in terms of diversity and composition. The bacteriome of P. spumarius is enriched in Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria phyla, as well as in Candidatus Sulcia and Cutibacterium genera. The most frequent isolates were Curtobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobiaceae sp.1. Males display a more diverse bacterial community than females, but no differences in diversity were found in distinct organs. However, the organ shapes the bacteriome structure more than sex, with the Microbacteriaceae family revealing a high level of organ specificity and the Blattabacteriaceae family showing a high level of sex specificity. Several symbiotic bacterial genera were identified in P. spumarius for the first time, including Rhodococcus, Citrobacter, Halomonas, Streptomyces, and Providencia. Differences in the bacterial composition within P. spumarius organs and sexes suggest an adaptation of bacteria to particular insect tissues, potentially shaped by their significance in the life and overall fitness of P. spumarius. Although more research on the bacteria of P. spumarius interactions is needed, such knowledge could help to develop specific bacterial-based insect management strategies.
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13

Lelkes, Peter I. "Conference Report: Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Organ Specificity." Endothelium 1, no. 1 (1993): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10623329309100959.

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14

Leikes, Peter I. "Conference Report: Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Organ-Specificity." Endothelium 2, no. 1 (1994): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10623329409024642.

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15

Meissner, Karin, and Dagmar Ziep. "Organ-specificity of placebo effects on blood pressure." Autonomic Neuroscience 164, no. 1-2 (2011): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2011.06.006.

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16

Lock, E. A. "Mechanisms underlying species-specificity in target organ toxicity." Toxicology Letters 74 (August 1994): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(94)90338-7.

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17

Burr, Stephen P., and Patrick F. Chinnery. "Origins of tissue and cell-type specificity in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease." Human Molecular Genetics 33, R1 (2024): R3—R11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddae059.

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Abstract Mutations of mitochondrial (mt)DNA are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, accounting for approximately two thirds of diagnosed mitochondrial disease. However, despite significant advances in technology since the discovery of the first disease-causing mtDNA mutations in 1988, the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of mtDNA disease remains challenging. This is partly due to the highly variable clinical presentation linked to tissue-specific vulnerability that determines which organs are affected. Organ involvement can vary between different mtDNA mutations, and also between patients carrying the same disease-causing variant. The clinical features frequently overlap with other non-mitochondrial diseases, both rare and common, adding to the diagnostic challenge. Building on previous findings, recent technological advances have cast further light on the mechanisms which underpin the organ vulnerability in mtDNA diseases, but our understanding is far from complete. In this review we explore the origins, current knowledge, and future directions of research in this area.
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18

Sun, Bingyun, Cynthia Lorang, Shizhen Qin, et al. "Mouse Organ-Specific Proteins and Functions." Cells 10, no. 12 (2021): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123449.

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Organ-specific proteins (OSPs) possess great medical potential both in clinics and in biomedical research. Applications of them—such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and troponins—in clinics have raised certain concerns of their organ specificity. The dynamics and diversity of protein expression in heterogeneous human populations are well known, yet their effects on OSPs are less addressed. Here, we used mice as a model and implemented a breadth study to examine the panorgan proteome for potential variations in organ specificity in different genetic backgrounds. Using reasonable resources, we generated panorgan proteomes of four in-bred mouse strains. The results revealed a large diversity that was more profound among OSPs than among proteomes overall. We defined a robustness score to quantify such variation and derived three sets of OSPs with different stringencies. In the meantime, we found that the enriched biological functions of OSPs are also organ-specific and are sensitive and useful to assess the quality of OSPs. We hope our breadth study can open doors to explore the molecular diversity and dynamics of organ specificity at the protein level.
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19

Zhang, Tianzi, Daniel Lih, Ryan J. Nagao, et al. "Open microfluidic coculture reveals paracrine signaling from human kidney epithelial cells promotes kidney specificity of endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 319, no. 1 (2020): F41—F51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2020.

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Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity is identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which the parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost during ex vivo cultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and reestablish EC organ specificity for in vitro studies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media are added to connect the two culture regions at a desired time point, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation and that HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B, adherens junctions-associated protein 1, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16) and endothelial activation genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and matrix metalloproteinase-10) in coculture. Coculturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs. Compared with culture in HPTEC conditioned media, coculture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney-specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.
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20

Paavonsalo, Satu, Sangeetha Hariharan, Madeleine H. Lackman, and Sinem Karaman. "Capillary Rarefaction in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases—Organ-Specificity and Possible Mechanisms." Cells 9, no. 12 (2020): 2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122683.

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Obesity and its comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Metabolic diseases cause vascular dysfunction and loss of capillaries termed capillary rarefaction. Interestingly, obesity seems to affect capillary beds in an organ-specific manner, causing morphological and functional changes in some tissues but not in others. Accordingly, treatment strategies targeting capillary rarefaction result in distinct outcomes depending on the organ. In recent years, organ-specific vasculature and endothelial heterogeneity have been in the spotlight in the field of vascular biology since specialized vascular systems have been shown to contribute to organ function by secreting varying autocrine and paracrine factors and by providing niches for stem cells. This review summarizes the recent literature covering studies on organ-specific capillary rarefaction observed in obesity and metabolic diseases and explores the underlying mechanisms, with multiple modes of action proposed. It also provides a glimpse of the reported therapeutic perspectives targeting capillary rarefaction. Further studies should address the reasons for such organ-specificity of capillary rarefaction, investigate strategies for its prevention and reversibility and examine potential signaling pathways that can be exploited to target it.
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21

Nimmo, Hugh G., Allan James, José Monreal, et al. "Organ specificity and communication in the Arabidopsis circadian clock." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 150, no. 3 (2008): S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.389.

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22

Stepanyan, Ruben, Kristen Day, Jason Urban, et al. "Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ." Physiological Genomics 25, no. 2 (2006): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00276.2005.

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The lobster olfactory organ is an important model for investigating many aspects of the olfactory system. To facilitate study of the molecular basis of olfaction in lobsters, we made a subtracted cDNA library from the mature zone of the olfactory organ of Homarus americanus, the American lobster. Sequencing of the 5′-end of 5,184 cDNA clones produced 2,389 distinct high-quality sequences consisting of 1,944 singlets and 445 contigs. Matches to known sequences corresponded with the types of cells present in the olfactory organ, including specific markers of olfactory sensory neurons, auxiliary cells, secretory cells of the aesthetasc tegumental gland, and epithelial cells. The wealth of neuronal mRNAs represented among the sequences reflected the preponderance of neurons in the tissue. The sequences identified candidate genes responsible for known functions and suggested new functions not previously recognized in the olfactory organ. A cDNA microarray was designed and tested by assessing mRNA abundance differences between two of the lobster's major chemosensory structures: the mature zone of the olfactory organ and the dactyl of the walking legs, a taste organ. The 115 differences detected again emphasized the abundance of neurons in the olfactory organ, especially a cluster of mRNAs encoding cytoskeletal-associated proteins and cell adhesion molecules such as 14-3-3ζ, actins, tubulins, trophinin, Fax, Yel077cp, suppressor of profilin 2, and gelsolin.
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23

Miyashita, Naoya, and Akira Saito. "Organ Specificity and Heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Colorectal Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (2021): 10973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010973.

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Fibroblasts constitute a ubiquitous mesenchymal cell type and produce the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue, thereby providing the structural basis of various organs. Fibroblasts display differential transcriptional patterns unique to the organ of their origin and they can be activated by common stimuli such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) reside in the cancer tissue and contribute to cancer progression by influencing cancer cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis and tumor immunity. CAFs impact on the tumor microenvironment by remodeling the ECM and secreting soluble factors such as chemokines and growth factors. Differential expression patterns of molecular markers suggest heterogeneous features of CAFs in terms of their function, pathogenic role and cellular origin. Recent studies elucidated the bimodal action of CAFs on cancer progression and suggest a subgroup of CAFs with tumor-suppressive effects. This review attempts to describe cellular features of colorectal CAFs with an emphasis on their heterogeneity and functional diversity.
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24

Stow, Emily C., Tiffany Kaul, Dawn L. deHaro, et al. "Organ-, sex- and age-dependent patterns of endogenous L1 mRNA expression at a single locus resolution." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 10 (2021): 5813–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab369.

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Abstract Expression of L1 mRNA, the first step in the L1 copy-and-paste amplification cycle, is a prerequisite for L1-associated genomic instability. We used a reported stringent bioinformatics method to parse L1 mRNA transcripts and measure the level of L1 mRNA expressed in mouse and rat organs at a locus-specific resolution. This analysis determined that mRNA expression of L1 loci in rodents exhibits striking organ specificity with less than 0.8% of loci shared between organs of the same organism. This organ specificity in L1 mRNA expression is preserved in male and female mice and across age groups. We discovered notable differences in L1 mRNA expression between sexes with only 5% of expressed L1 loci shared between male and female mice. Moreover, we report that the levels of total L1 mRNA expression and the number and spectrum of expressed L1 loci fluctuate with age as independent variables, demonstrating different patterns in different organs and sexes. Overall, our comparisons between organs and sexes and across ages ranging from 2 to 22 months establish previously unforeseen dynamic changes in L1 mRNA expression in vivo. These findings establish the beginning of an atlas of endogenous L1 mRNA expression across a broad range of biological variables that will guide future studies.
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25

Xu, Lina, Maximilian V. Schmitt, Huabin Ruan, et al. "Systematic Analysis of the Whole-Body Tissue Distribution and Fatty Acid Compositions of Membrane Lipids in CD1 and NMRI Mice and Wistar Rats." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8819437.

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Understanding the tissue distribution of phospholipids and glycerolipids in animal models enables promoting the pharmacokinetic study of drugs and related PK predictions. The measurement of lipid compositions in animal models, usually mice and rats, without a standardized approach hindered the accuracy of PBPK investigation. In this work, high resolution mass spectrometry was applied to profile the tissue distribution of phospholipids and glycerolipids in 12 organs/tissues of mice and rats. Using this method, not only the amounts of phospholipids and glycerolipids in each organ/tissue but also the fatty acid compositions were acquired. In order to explore the interspecies specificity of lipid distribution in different organs/tissues, three animal species including CD1 mice, NMRI mice, and Wister rats were used in this systematic study. Globally, more organ specificity was observed. It was found that the brain is the organ containing the most abundant phosphatidylserine lipids (PSs) in all three animal models, leading to brain tissues having the most concentrated acidic phospholipids. Diverse fatty acid compositions in each lipid class were clearly revealed. Certain tissues/organs also had a specific selection of unique fatty acid compositions, for example, unreferenced FA(18 : 2) in the brain. It turned out that the access of free fatty acids affects the incorporation of acyl chain in phospholipids and glycerolipids. In the analysis, ether lipids were also profiled with the observation of dominant ePEs in brain tissues. However, little interspecies difference was found for fatty acid constituents and tissues distribution of phospholipids and glycerolipids.
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26

Shenton, M., S. Sullivan, and H. G. Nimmo. "Organ specificity in the circadian control of plant gene expression." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (2005): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20050943.

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27

Sullivan, S., M. Shenton, and H. G. Nimmo. "Organ specificity in the circadian control of plant gene expression." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (2005): 943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330943.

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Of the many plant genes whose expressions are controlled by the circadian clock, one of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase genes in soya bean (Glycine max) exhibits the unusual property that its control is organ-specific – it is under circadian control in leaves but not in roots. Preliminary experiments suggest that the same is true for at least one gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. It will be important to define the extent and function of this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism.
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28

Sawmya, Kotian, Thanvanthri Gururajan Vasudevan, and Thokur Sreepathy Murali. "Fungal endophytes from two orchid species - pointer towards organ specificity." Czech Mycology 65, no. 1 (2013): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33585/cmy.65107.

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29

Yoshida, Yasunori, Masae Tatematsu, Katsumi Takaba, Shogo Iwasaki, and Nobuyuki Ito. "Target Organ Specificity of Cell Proliferation Induced by Various Carcinogens." Toxicologic Pathology 21, no. 5 (1993): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339302100502.

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30

Yoshikawa, M., K. Arashidani, T. Kawamoto, and Y. Kodama. "Organ specificity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by cigarette smoke." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 44, no. 6 (1990): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01702187.

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31

Warner, Michael R. "End-organ specificity in rabbit trigeminal and facial nerve regeneration." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (1991): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90615-s.

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32

TARAGNAT, C., M. BERGER, and CL JEAN. "Tissue and Species Specificity of Mouse Ductus Deferens Protein." Journal of Andrology 11, no. 3 (1990): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1990.tb03241.x.

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The ductus deferens of the mouse contains a major protein with a molecular weight of 34.5 kd called mouse vas deferens protein (MVDP). Immunofluorescence histochemistry and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies have been used to investigate the localization, tissue, and species distribution, androgen‐regulation, and developmental expression of this protein. Consistent positive immunoreaction was achieved in the ductus deferens epithelium, and immunofluorescence revealed that spermatozoa from the deferent duct were coated with MVDP. Western blot analysis showed the organ specificity of MVDP, which could not be detected in several organs in the mouse. Furthermore, MVDP appeared to be species specific since the proteins extracted from the ductus deferens of man, rat, guinea‐pig, rabbit, and hamster did not react with the anti‐MVDP probe. MVDP, whose expression is regulated by testosterone, was detectable at 20 days of age and its concentration increased rapidly from 20–30 days.
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33

&NA;. "THE ORGAN SPECIFICITY OF GRAFT SURVIVAL RATES: AN EVIDENCE-BASED ANALYSIS OF 62433 SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION." Transplantation 82, Suppl 2 (2006): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200607152-00288.

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34

Nicolson, Garth L., and Kim M. Dulski. "Organ specificity of metastatic tumor colonization is related to organ-selective growth properties of malignant cells." International Journal of Cancer 38, no. 2 (1986): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910380221.

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35

Shenoy, Sangeetha, and Shruti Patil. "Severity of organ dysfunction in pediatric intensive care using PELOD-2." Journal of Emergency Practice and Trauma 9, no. 2 (2024): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jept.2024.13.

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Objective: Organ dysfunction is an important factor determining the severity and outcome of critical illness in children. Organ dysfunction scores are based on the number of organs involved and the severity of dysfunction in each. This study aimed to evaluate organ dysfunction using PELOD-2 in critically ill children. Methods: This prospective observational study included all consecutive critically ill children with organ dysfunction aged one month to 15 years admitted to pediatric intensive care unit of a Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, Bangalore between January 2018 and December 2020. The severity of organ dysfunction was scored using Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) and evaluated based on the outcome using SPSS and PASW statistics for Windows version 18.0. The sample size required for the study with 95% confidence level and 10% relative precision was 149 critically ill children. The children were classified based on the presence of single and multiple organ dysfunction. Demographics and laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups using non parametric tests. The factors affecting mortality among children with multiple organ dysfunction were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 550 children admitted with critical illness during the study period, organ dysfunction was present in 84% of the patients. Of these, 43% had multiple-organ dysfunction. The median (interquartile range) of the patients was 5.5 (1, 11) years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The mortality rate was 14.4%. The PELOD-2 score and mortality steadily increased with the number of organs involved. The presence of more than two organ dysfunctions had an odd ratio (OR) of 45.7 for mortality (95% CI: 18.9–110.6, P value<0.001). The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for predicting mortality using the number of organs affected was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97, P value<0.001). Dysfunction in more than two organs had a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 91% in predicting mortality. The presence of cardiovascular dysfunction and the need for ventilation were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: The presence of more than two organ dysfunctions in PELOD-2 increased the risk of mortality; the need for ventilation and the presence of cardiovascular dysfunction were independent predictors of mortality.
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36

Fedulaev, Yu N., N. V. Khabazov, A. Yu Chuprakova, M. V. Ezhikova, A. A. Kurshin, and O. V. Limonchikova. "Clinical case of observation of patient with primary systemic amyloidosis." Medical alphabet, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-2-46-48.

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Amyloidosis combines diseases that are characterized by extracellular deposition of a specific insoluble fibrillar amyloid protein. The prevalence of amyloidosis is an average of 10 cases per 100 thousand people. The clinic of the disease is polymorphic and depends on the organ with amyloid deposition. The article discusses the clinical case of systemic amyloidosis with damage to the stomach, liver and other organs. The differential diagnosis was carried out with tuberculosis, cancer, cirrhosis. The final diagnosis was made by histological examination of biopsy samples of the liver and stomach. Difficulties in diagnosing primary amyloidosis are due to the attrition and non‑specificity of the clinical picture of the disease. Amyloidosis is diagnosed based on organ biopsy data.
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37

Riechmann, J. L., and E. M. Meyerowitz. "Determination of floral organ identity by Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic proteins AP1, AP3, PI, and AG is independent of their DNA-binding specificity." Molecular Biology of the Cell 8, no. 7 (1997): 1243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.8.7.1243.

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The MADS domain homeotic proteins APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), and AGAMOUS (AG) combinatorially specify the identity of Arabidopsis floral organs. AP1/AP1, AG/AG, and AP3/PI dimers bind to similar CArG box sequences; thus, differences in DNA-binding specificity among these proteins do not seem to be the origin of their distinct organ identity properties. To assess the overall contribution that specific DNA binding could make to their biological specificity, we have generated chimeric genes in which the amino-terminal half of the MADS domain of AP1, AP3, PI, and AG was substituted by the corresponding sequences of human SRF and MEF2A proteins. In vitro DNA-binding assays reveal that the chimeric proteins acquired the respective, and distinct, DNA-binding specificity of SRF or MEF2A. However, ectopic expression of the chimeric genes reproduces the dominant gain-of-function phenotypes exhibited by plants ectopically expressing the corresponding Arabidopsis wild-type genes. In addition, both the SRF and MEF2 chimeric genes can complement the pertinent ap1-1, ap3-3, pi-1, or ag-3 mutations to a degree similar to that of AP1, AP3, PI, and AG when expressed under the control of the same promoter. These results indicate that determination of floral organ identity by the MADS domain homeotic proteins AP1, AP3, PI, and AG is independent of their DNA-binding specificity. In addition, the DNA-binding experiments show that either one of the two MADS domains of a dimer can be sufficient to confer a particular DNA-binding specificity to the complex and that sequences outside the amino-terminal basic region of the MADS domain can, in some cases, contribute to the DNA-binding specificity of the proteins.
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38

Egelston, Colt, Weihua Guo, Eliza Bacon, et al. "Organ specificity dictates tumor immune infiltration and composition in metastatic breast cancer; lessons from a rapid autopsy tissue collection study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1032.

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1032 Background: Immune composition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patient tumors has proven to play a central role in the propensity of tumors to metastasize and respond to therapy. Evidence has suggested that the metastatic TME is immune aberrant, however limited sample size and numbers has made assessment of the immune TME in the development of multi-organ metastases difficult. Here we utilize a rapid autopsy tissue collection protocol to assess the infiltration and composition of the immune TME in numerous metastatic tissue sites, paired disease-free tissue sites, and the associated tissue draining lymph nodes. Methods: Post-mortem tissues were collected from six metastatic breast cancer patients shortly after death through City of Hope’s “Legacy Project for Rapid Tissue Donation” Program. The average post mortem interval (PMI) for tissue collection was 6 hours. Collected specimens include metastatic lesions and paired non-cancer samples from every cancer-involved organ, disease-free specimens from non-involved major organs, distant and tumor-draining lymph nodes (both cancer-infiltrated and disease free), as well as blood. Immediately following collection, specimens were processed into single cell suspension for flow cytometry. Over 80 immune cell phenotypes were assessed, including CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets, B cell subsets, natural killer (NK) cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cell subsets, and other cells. Results: Tumor infiltrated tissues were found to have comparable immune cell densities and composition compared to paired disease-free tissues of the same organ type. However, immune cell densities in metastatic tissues and disease-free tissues were significantly different between organ types, with lung immune infiltration consistently being greater than liver tissues. Differences in immune composition between tissue sites were also observed. Notably, liver tissues favored the presence of central memory CD8+ T cells, while lung tissues favored the presence of CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells. Relative to disease-free lung tissues, tumor infiltrated lungs contained diminished frequencies of CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells and altered B cell phenotypes. Conclusions: These data suggest that immune monitoring and trafficking of metastatic tissues site is dictated by organ type, which can be altered in composition by tumor infiltration. Further studies such as these may reveal organ-specific mechanisms of response to therapeutic interventions.
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39

Borrel, Alexandre, Scott S. Auerbach, Keith A. Houck, and Nicole C. Kleinstreuer. "Tox21BodyMap: a webtool to map chemical effects on the human body." Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (2020): W472—W476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa433.

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Abstract To support rapid chemical toxicity assessment and mechanistic hypothesis generation, here we present an intuitive webtool allowing a user to identify target organs in the human body where a substance is estimated to be more likely to produce effects. This tool, called Tox21BodyMap, incorporates results of 9,270 chemicals tested in the United States federal Tox21 research consortium in 971 high-throughput screening (HTS) assays whose targets were mapped onto human organs using organ-specific gene expression data. Via Tox21BodyMap's interactive tools, users can visualize chemical target specificity by organ system, and implement different filtering criteria by changing gene expression thresholds and activity concentration parameters. Dynamic network representations, data tables, and plots with comprehensive activity summaries across all Tox21 HTS assay targets provide an overall picture of chemical bioactivity. Tox21BodyMap webserver is available at https://sandbox.ntp.niehs.nih.gov/bodymap/.
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40

Shimizu, Katsuhiko, and Katsutoshi Yoshizato. "Organ-Dependent Expression of Differentiated States in Fibroblasts Cultured in Vitro. (fibroblasts/collagen/organ-specificity/proliferation/fibronectin)." Development, Growth and Differentiation 34, no. 1 (1992): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.1992.00043.x.

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41

Riccio, Paolo, and Rocco Rossano. "Undigested Food and Gut Microbiota May Cooperate in the Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammatory Diseases: A Matter of Barriers and a Proposal on the Origin of Organ Specificity." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (2019): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112714.

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As food is an active subject and may have anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects, dietary habits may modulate the low-grade neuroinflammation associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Food is living matter different from us, but made of our own nature. Therefore, it is at the same time foreign to us (non-self), if not yet digested, and like us (self), after its complete digestion. To avoid the efflux of undigested food from the lumen, the intestinal barrier must remain intact. What and how much we eat shape the composition of gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis, as a consequence of Western diets, leads to intestinal inflammation and a leaky intestinal barrier. The efflux of undigested food, microbes, endotoxins, as well as immune-competent cells and molecules, causes chronic systemic inflammation. Opening of the blood-brain barrier may trigger microglia and astrocytes and set up neuroinflammation. We suggest that what determines the organ specificity of the autoimmune-inflammatory process may depend on food antigens resembling proteins of the organ being attacked. This applies to the brain and neuroinflammatory diseases, as to other organs and other diseases, including cancer. Understanding the cooperation between microbiota and undigested food in inflammatory diseases may clarify organ specificity, allow the setting up of adequate experimental models of disease and develop targeted dietary interventions.
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42

Zainuri, Mohammad Maksum, Denny Septarendra, and Marjono Dwi Wibowo. "Evaluation of the CPIRO score on the outcomes of management actions for patients with hollow organ perforation at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in the years 2019-2022." Bali Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (2023): 3223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4855.

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Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/k4WZuJF_ejc Introduction: Generalized peritonitis is a surgical emergency caused by the perforation of hollow organs. In Indonesia, the incidence of peritonitis is approximately 179,000 cases. The CPIRO score is one of the scoring systems that can predict sepsis patients' prognosis and mortality. It is relatively straightforward to perform. Methods: This study has an observational analytic design, a retrospective cohort from the medical record data of 94 patients with hollow organ perforation in the 2019-2022 treatment year at our health center, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. We performed a cross-sectional analysis and performance analysis by comparing the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy of each of the results of the CPIRO score in assessing mortality and determining the cutoff. Results: We found that exploratory laparotomy dominates most procedures, as much as 73.4%. With the outcome of patients with hollow organ perforation, 52.1% died. The highest prevalence of CPIRO score is at score 4, with 35.1% of patients. It was also found that the optimalcCPIRO cut-off was 4 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy values of 77.6%, 75.6%, 77.6%, 75.6% and 76.6%, respectively, with p<0.001. Conclusion: This concludes that the CPIRO score strongly correlates with the outcome and can be used to determine treatment choices for hollow organ perforation patients.
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43

Coast, G. M., J. Meredith, and J. E. Phillips. "Target organ specificity of major neuropeptide stimulants in locust excretory systems." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 22 (1999): 3195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.22.3195.

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The major stimulant of ileal fluid reabsorption in Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria corpora cardiaca, ion-transport peptide (ITP), had no stimulatory action on fluid secretion by isolated Malpighian tubules of S. gregaria, nor did it have a synergistic or antagonistic effect in combination with locustakinin (Lom-K) or Locusta-diuretic hormone (Locusta-DH). Stimulants of locust Malpighian tubules (Lom-K and Locusta-DH) had no action on either active transport of Cl(−) (measured as short-circuit current, I(sc)) or the rate of fluid reabsorption across S. gregaria ilea and recta in vitro. Thus, hormonal control of these major organs of the excretory system appears to be clearly separated. Lom-K and Locusta-DH acted synergistically to stimulate secretion by S. gregaria Malpighian tubules, and the diuretic response was more rapid than the response of the ileum and rectum to hindgut stimulants. Taken together, these data suggest that, in the initial phase of post-prandial diuresis, urine flow will exceed fluid uptake in the hindgut, thereby allowing excess water to be eliminated.
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44

TATEMICHI, Satoshi, Kumi KOBAYASHI, Ayaka MAEZAWA, Mamoru KOBAYASHI, Yoshinobu YAMAZAKI та Nobuo SHIBATA. "α_1-Adrenoceptor Subtype Selectivity and Organ Specificity of Silodosin (KMD-3213)". YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 126, Special (2006): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.kj00004483555.

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45

TATEMICHI, Satoshi, Kumi KOBAYASHI, Ayaka MAEZAWA, Mamoru KOBAYASHI, Yoshinobu YAMAZAKI та Nobuo SHIBATA. "α1-Adrenoceptor Subtype Selectivity and Organ Specificity of Silodosin (KMD-3213)". YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 126, Special_Issue (2006): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.209.

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46

Schafer, W., and O. C. Yoder. "Organ specificity of fungal pathogens on host and non-host plants." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 45, no. 3 (1994): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-5765(05)80078-5.

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47

Larsen, Elisabeth, Trine J. Meza, Liv Kleppa, and Arne Klungland. "Organ and cell specificity of base excision repair mutants in mice." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 614, no. 1-2 (2007): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.01.023.

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48

Jarman, Andrew P., and If Ahmed. "The specificity of proneural genes in determining Drosophila sense organ identity." Mechanisms of Development 76, no. 1-2 (1998): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00116-6.

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49

Wearn, James A., Brian C. Sutton, Neil J. Morley, and Alan C. Gange. "Species and organ specificity of fungal endophytes in herbaceous grassland plants." Journal of Ecology 100, no. 5 (2012): 1085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01997.x.

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50

Kordower, Jeffrey H., John R. Sladek, Massimo S. Fiandaca, Guoying Bing, and Don M. Gash. "Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive somata within the primate subfornical organ: species specificity." Brain Research 461, no. 2 (1988): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(88)90253-3.

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