Journal articles: 'Organ stop'

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Howard, David M. "The Vocal Tract Organ and the Vox Humana organ stop." Journal of Music, Technology and Education 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmte.7.3.265_1.

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McKay, Lindsey. "Generating Ambivalence: Media Representations of Canadian Transplant Tourism." Studies in Social Justice 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v10i2.1421.

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This article addresses transplant tourism as one facet of the international organ trade. It asks whether mainstream media portrayals of Canadian transplant tourist journeys convey messages supportive of stronger efforts to stop extra-territorial organ purchase. A postcolonial theoretical approach using Mary Louise Pratt’s study of travel writing is employed to conduct a discourse analysis of Canadian media and cultural representation from 1988 to 2015. The public learns that transplant tourism is “bad” but understandable, and either not our problem or a symptom of another problem. Three forms this message takes are: the broader organ trade is a distant and insurmountable problem; transplant tourists are innocent victims; and, resolution of a larger, national organ scarcity problem will end transplant tourism. I conclude that the media generates ambivalence towards the issue of transplant tourism. Reader attention is drawn away from health outcomes and human rights, especially of organ providers – reasons Canada might do more to stop transplant tourism – towards the challenges faced by transplant tourists, with the effect of eclipsing public discussion of whether and how to stop Canadians from buying organs in other countries.

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Vollmer, Jannik, Fernando Casares, and Dagmar Iber. "Growth and size control during development." Open Biology 7, no. 11 (November 2017): 170190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170190.

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The size and shape of organs are characteristic for each species. Even when organisms develop to different sizes due to varying environmental conditions, such as nutrition, organ size follows species-specific rules of proportionality to the rest of the body, a phenomenon referred to as allometry. Therefore, for a given environment, organs stop growth at a predictable size set by the species's genotype. How do organs stop growth? How can related species give rise to organs of strikingly different size? No definitive answer has been given to date. One of the major models for the studies of growth termination is the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Therefore, this review will focus mostly on work carried out in Drosophila to try to tease apart potential mechanisms and identify routes for further investigation . One general rule, found across the animal kingdom, is that the rate of growth declines with developmental time. Therefore, answers to the problem of growth termination should explain this seemingly universal fact. In addition, growth termination is intimately related to the problems of robustness (i.e. precision) and plasticity in organ size, symmetric and asymmetric organ development, and of how the ‘target’ size depends on extrinsic, environmental factors.

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Honey, Karen. "Putting a stop to organ trafficking and tourism." Journal of Clinical Investigation 119, no. 3 (March 2, 2009): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci38814.

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Gumkowska-Sroka, Olga, Kacper Kotyla, Ewa Mojs, Klaudia Palka, and Przemysław Kotyla. "Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 8 (July 27, 2023): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16081066.

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Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown origin and with an unpredictable course, with both cutaneous and internal organ manifestations. Despite the enormous progress in rheumatology and clinical immunology, the background of this disease is largely unknown, and no specific therapy exists. The therapeutic approach aims to treat and preserve the function of internal organs, and this approach is commonly referred to as organ-based treatment. However, in modern times, data from other branches of medicine may offer insight into how to treat disease-related complications, making it possible to find new drugs to treat this disease. In this review, we present therapeutic options aiming to stop the progression of fibrotic processes, restore the aberrant immune response, stop improper signalling from proinflammatory cytokines, and halt the production of disease-related autoantibodies.

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Cioffi, Alfred. "Distinguishing between Assisting and Substituting for Vital Organs." Ethics & Medics 41, no. 9 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em201641917.

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When patients approach the end of life, their loved ones often do not know how much treatment is too much and struggle to decide when to stop intervening and allow them to die in peace. Conversely, health care professionals may tend to prescribe extraordinary means of life support, sometimes simply because of legal and fiscal concerns or a family’s request for futile care. It can be useful to refer to the general bioethical principle that, typically, there is no moral obligation to provide a substitute for vital organs. In this context, providing a substitute for a vital organ means wholly replacing the vital function of the dying organ by means of either a transplant or medical machinery. This article seeks to explain how this rule may be applied when a patient and his family are deciding at what point to stop treatment and allow the patient to die in peace.

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Fadillah, Astuti Nur, and Abbas Mahmud. "Perdagangan Organ Tubuh Manusia Sebagai Kejahatan Lintas Negara." Balobe Law Journal 3, no. 2 (November 14, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v3i2.1822.

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Introduction: Transplantation is intended to replace a damaged or functioning organ in the recipient with another organ that is still functioning from the donor. Technological developments in the world of health not only have a positive impact on the world of medicine but also open up opportunities for illegal human organ trading syndicates. Human organ trafficking is a type of transnational crime that has occurred frequently in recent decades.Purposes of the Research: Aims to analyze human organ trafficking as a transnational crime.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical.Results of the Research: Illegal trade in human organs involving cross-border syndicates is a transnational crime. Cross-border crime is a threat that is taken seriously by each country because it threatens the security and stability of the country. To prevent this, countries can work together with each other. with each other through bilateral agreements, one of which is the extradition agreement, to stop the practice of selling and buying human organs. It is hoped that the implementation of laws and regulations related to human organ crimes will run smoothly so that the perpetrators can be charged using existing regulations. So transplants can only be carried out for humanitarian purposes and can only be carried out in certain health facilities by health workers who have the expertise and authority to do so.

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Yeo, Yan Ting, Jielin Song, Eleanor Gek Theng Ng, Nuraini Lee Binte Ismail Lee, Terence Yi Shern Kee, Chee Kiat Tan, Petrina Yuen Wai Fan, and Puay Hoon Lee. "Increasing influenza vaccination rates in solid organ transplant recipients in an outpatient transplant centre." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 29, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105820960159.

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Although influenza can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients, its vaccination rate among solid organ transplant recipients remains low. This study evaluates influenza vaccination among solid organ transplant recipients and compares rates before and after introducing a one-stop influenza vaccination service. In a prospective study on influenza vaccination among solid organ transplant recipients followed up from December 2014 to February 2015, 308 solid organ transplant recipients were surveyed, of which 25.0% received their annual influenza vaccination previously. Of those who have not, 60.6% were vaccinated after the education. We found most solid organ transplant recipients to be unaware of the importance of annual influenza vaccination (66.7%). Recipients with a shorter number of years post-transplant (odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.99) and a history of diabetes (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.94) were more likely to receive vaccination. The incidence of influenza infection post-implementation was lower (4.9%, 2.6%; P=0.668). Solid organ transplant recipients who had had been vaccinated were associated with a lower incidence of influenza (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.99). We conclude that the implementation of the one-stop influenza vaccination service had increased the vaccination uptake rate among solid organ transplant recipients by addressing the barriers and increasing accessibility.

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Doran, Stephen E., and Joseph M. Vukov. "Organ Donation and Declaration of Death: Combined Neurologic and Cardiopulmonary Standards." Linacre Quarterly 86, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363919840129.

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Prolonged survival after the declaration of death by neurologic criteria creates ambiguity regarding the validity of this methodology. This ambiguity has perpetuated the debate among secular and nondissenting Catholic authors who question whether the neurologic standards are sufficient for the declaration of death of organ donors. Cardiopulmonary criteria are being increasingly used for organ donors who do not meet brain death standards. However, cardiopulmonary criteria are plagued by conflict of interest issues, arbitrary standards for candidacy, and the lack of standardized protocols for organ procurement. Combining the neurological and cardiopulmonary standards into a single protocol would mitigate the weaknesses of both and provide greater biologic and moral certainty that a donor of unpaired vital organs is indeed dead. Summary: Before a person’s organs can be used for transplantation, he or she must be declared “brain-dead.” However, sometimes when someone is declared brain-dead, that person can be maintained on life-support for days or even weeks. This creates some confusion about whether the person has truly died. For patients who have a severe neurologic injury but are not brain-dead, organ donation can also occur after his or her heart stops beating. However, this protocol is more ambiguous and lacks standardized protocols. We propose that before a person can donate organs, he or she must first be declared brain-dead, and then his or her heart must irreversibly stop beating before organs are taken.

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Vasilyev, Mikhail, Mackenzie R. Berschel, Michael H. Tomasson, and Melissa L. Bates. "Viewpoint: Time to stop treating the heart as a single organ?" Experimental Physiology 106, no. 6 (May 3, 2021): 1315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/ep089497.

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11

Williams, Peter. "Some Questions about JS Bach and His Organ Music: Stop Press." Musical Times 141, no. 1870 (2000): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1004367.

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Oegema, Renske, Jessie M. Hulst, Sabine D. M. Theuns-Valks, Leontine M. A. van Unen, Rachel Schot, Grazia M. S. Mancini, Marguerite E. I. Schipper, et al. "Novel no-stop FLNA mutation causes multi-organ involvement in males." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 161, no. 9 (July 19, 2013): 2376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.36109.

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Shaw, D. "We should not let families stop organ donation from their dead relatives." BMJ 345, aug07 1 (August 7, 2012): e5275-e5275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e5275.

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14

Rădulescu, Marian, Adela-Ioana Mocanu, Ionela Teodora Dascălu, Mihai-Adrian Schipor, and Horia Mocanu. "Geometric–Statistical Model for Middle-Ear Anatomy and Ventilation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 11287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111287.

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The ventilation of the middle-ear (ME) is achieved by the mucosa covering the bony cavities of this segment, which we have previously defined as consisting of two distinct epithelial areas, each representing an independent organ with characteristic function: the D-Organ and the F-Organ. The D-Organ corresponds to the epithelium covering the Antrum walls (belonging to the central cavities of the middle-ear) and the walls of mastoid and petrous cavities (peripheral cavities of the ME); it ensures the D-Function, the biophysical process comparable to that of energy-consuming ionic membrane pumps, works against electrical trans-membrane gradients to transfer gas molecules against trans-membrane and trans-cellular pressure gradients. The F-Organ corresponds to the epithelium covering the Protympanum, Tympanic Cavity and Aditus ad Antrum (central cavities of ME). The F-Function is represented by the permeability of cell membranes for respiratory gases. This is a general function of all cells and the size of the cellular membrane surface (luminal and basal) and the height of the cell (distance between the two membranes) determines the diffusion flow for each molecular type of gas. The present work aims to give an original point of view on middle-ear geometry and precedence over ME mucosa affliction or structural-anatomic type of the mastoid (pneumatic, pneumato-diploic, diploic, sclerotic). This type of approach to the problem has never been attempted since the two organs have never been previously defined. We aim to establish a clear topographic structure for these two organs within the reference system represented by the anatomy of ME cavities and to establish the reasons why the mastoid and petrous cavitary system grow or stop growing at a certain point in the life of an individual.

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Perry, Amanda R., Michael M. Rivlin, and Anthony H. Goldstone. "Bone Marrow Transplant Patients With Life-Threatening Organ Failure: When Should Treatment Stop?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 17, no. 1 (January 1999): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1999.17.1.298.

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PURPOSE: To discuss issues surrounding life support in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients, issues that may determine how far we go to keep a deteriorating BMT patient alive—and when we stop trying. How can we define survival chance in BMT patients, and when should prolongation of life be deemed inappropriate? Who should make the decision to terminate support? And how should life support be terminated? DESIGN: Prognostic factors that predict for almost certain nonsurvival have been identified in BMT patients with life-threatening organ failure. The concept of futility raises the question of how low the chance of survival must be before termination of life support is justified—but the concept is flawed, and the value judgments involved in decision making must also be considered. Then, once a decision is made, the manner of withholding or withdrawing life support is also open to discussion. CONCLUSION: Despite controversies, there are areas in which improvements to current practice might be considered. More data are required to determine survival chances of BMT patients with life-threatening organ failure. Greater attention might be devoted, in pretransplant counseling, to issues of intensive life support, with the patient's own views being ascertained before transplantation. And, because technologic possibilities are now imposing fewer boundaries, the problem of finite resources may need to be readdressed, with treatment limits being set down before transplantation.

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Claes, P., M. Wintzen, E. Sermijn, P. Lacor, and B. Velkeniers. "A true story of “organ-based medicine”, or when did we stop thinking?" European Journal of Internal Medicine 18, no. 3 (May 2007): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2006.11.004.

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Olson, Sven R., Eric Lu, Emilio Sulpizio, Joseph J. Shatzel, Jose F. Rueda, and Thomas G. DeLoughery. "When to Stop Eculizumab in Complement-Mediated Thrombotic Microangiopathies." American Journal of Nephrology 48, no. 2 (2018): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492033.

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The terminal complement-inhibitor eculizumab has dramatically changed the management of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and has also shown promise for treating certain forms of secondary HUS (sHUS), including that caused by drugs and solid-organ/hematopoietic stem cell transplant. While effective, eculizumab is costly and inconvenient. In this review, we evaluate the literature on eculizumab cessation in these diseases to better inform clinicians who consider stopping therapy. Reported relapse rates in aHUS after stopping eculizumab are as high as 30%, suggesting indefinite therapy is reasonable and that patients who choose to stop should be closely monitored. In sHUS, relapse is rare, justifying short courses of eculizumab.

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Akilov, Khabibullo Ataullaevich. "TACTICS AND TREATMENT OF BLEEDING OF ENLARGED VARICOSE VEINS OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH IN CHILDREN WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION." Frontline Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Journal 02, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-02-03-11.

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The effectiveness of providing qualified medical care for portal hypertension syndrome and esophageal-gastric bleeding in children depends on timely diagnosis, timely performed, if necessary, stopping bleeding and adequate surgical treatment. However, when hospitalized later than 1-2 days from the beginning of the first signs of bleeding, the outcome is largely determined by the methods used to stop bleeding, their pathogenetic correspondences to the patterns of development of hepatic and multiple organ failure. Abstract. The effectiveness of providing qualified medical care for portal hypertension syndrome and esophageal-gastric bleeding in children depends on timely diagnosis, timely performed, if necessary, stopping bleeding and adequate surgical treatment. However, when hospitalized later than 1-2 days from the beginning of the first signs of bleeding, the outcome is largely determined by the methods used to stop bleeding, their pathogenetic correspondences to the patterns of development of hepatic and multiple organ failure.

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Danovitch, G. M., M. E. Shapiro, and J. Lavee. "The Use of Executed Prisoners as a Source of Organ Transplants in China Must Stop." American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2011): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03417.x.

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Danovitch, G. M., M. E. Shapiro, and J. Lavee. "The Use of Executed Prisoners as a Source of Organ Transplants in China Must Stop." American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 6 (May 12, 2011): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03555.x.

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Mosimann, F. "The Use of Executed Prisoners As a Source of Organ Transplants in China Must Stop." American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 6 (May 12, 2011): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03556.x.

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Veenstra, G., C. Ince, and E. C. Boerma. "Direct markers of organ perfusion to guide fluid therapy: When to start, when to stop." Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 28, no. 3 (September 2014): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2014.06.002.

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Kobets, P. N., and K. A. Krasnova. "Genesis of Legal Regulation of Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation in the Russian Federation." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 18, no. 3 (November 9, 2023): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-3-42-51.

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The authors explore the genesis of human organ and tissue transplantation in our country and the legal relations arising in this connection. For a long time, this area of medical activity was not regulated at the legislative level. Prior to 1917, the issues of transplantation were predominantly theoretical. In the Soviet period of the history of the Russian state, the development of public medicine and numerous military conflicts confirmed the applied nature of experiments on human organ and tissue transplantation. During this period, rapid development of legislation also affected healthcare. The legal presumption of consent to the removal of organs and (or) tissues was formulated, which established the legal framework for donation of human organs and tissues. At the same time, until 1992, the issues of transplantation were regulated mainly by departmental acts of the USSR Ministry of Health. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Transplantation of Human Organs and (or) Tissues” adopted in 1992 determined that the legal regulation of transplantation issues, including the list of transplantation objects, is determined by the federal executive body in the field of healthcare together with the Russian Academy of Sciences. The current level of development of experimental medicine, including transplantology, makes it necessary to regularly supplement the legislation in this area. For example, only on May 1, 2022, transplantation objects were supplemented with hematopoietic stem cells, and gaps in the legal regulation of pediatric transplantation were eliminated. The authors conclude that our country has significant experience in the field of transplantation and a quite perfect legislative framework. However, work on adjusting the current legislation, adopting new laws and by-laws in this area should not stop.

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Day, S. J., and P. A. Lawrence. "Measuring dimensions: the regulation of size and shape." Development 127, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 2977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.14.2977.

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Over many years evidence has accumulated that plants and animals can regulate growth with reference to overall size rather than cell number. Thus, organs and organisms grow until they reach their characteristic size and shape and then they stop - they can even compensate for experimental manipulations that change, over several fold, cell number or average cell size. If the cell size is altered, the organism responds with a change in cell number and vice versa. We look at the Drosophila wing in more detail: here, both extracellular and intracellular regulators have been identified that link cell growth, division and cell survival to final organ size. We discuss a hypothesis that the local steepness of a morphogen gradient is a measure of length in one axis, a measure that is used to determine whether there will be net growth or not.

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Jean-marc, Boivin, Joao Ferreira, Kevin Duarte, Zohra Lamiral, Patrick Rossignol, and Nicolas Girerd. "STOPPING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TREATMENT AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN PRIMARY CARE: THE STOP-TRIAL." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (May 2024): e21-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001019504.75666.5e.

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Objective: Objective: Frequently antihypertensive therapy (AHT) is initiated without the confirmation of high blood pressure (BP) outside the office. Such AHT initiation based solely on office BP measurements may lead to overtreatment of otherwise non-hypertensive people who do not have a clinical indication for AHT. Therefore, identifying people in whom AHT can be safely discontinued is clinically important. The STOP-Trial aimed to identify factors associated with one-year normal BP maintenance after discontinuation of monotherapy or low-dose dual AHT among people with controlled BP and no cardiovascular target-organ damage. Design and method: Design and Method: We performed a multicenter non-randomized open-label trial screening people without target organ damage on AHT. AHT could be discontinued if BP was confirmed as controlled based on repeated home blood pressure measurements (HBPM) (i.e.,<135/85mmHg). The primary endpoint was one-year normal BP maintenance as assessed by HBPM. Results: Results: Among 401 screened individuals, 218(54.4%) were included after confirming they had controlled BP in HBPM and AHT was consequently discontinued. Among these 218 individuals, 73(33%) exhibited normal BP in HBPM at one year without any AHT (Figure). In univariable analysis, baseline office BP measurements were not significant predictors of the primary outcome whereas HBPM were. On multivariable analysis, higher average SBP and DBP on HBPM prior to AHD stop was associated with lower rates of one-year normal BP (OR for 5 mmHg of respectively, SBP=0.72, 0.56-0.94, p=0.014, and DBP=0.56, 0.41-0.77, p=0.0003). The best cut-offs of SBP and DBP on HBPM prior to AHD stop to predict the primary outcome was SBP=122.5mmHg and DBP=74.5mmHg. Patients with SBP<122.5 and DBP<74.5mmHg at HBPM prior to AHD stop had 65% chance of normal one-year BP without treatment. Regarding safety, one patient had a severe adverse event (ischemic stroke). Conclusions: Stopping AHT was feasible in patients without cardiovascular damage who had mono or low-dose dual AHT and maintained at one year in 33% of the population. HBPM measurements under treatment predicted well the success of AHD removal and HBPM consequently appears to be an efficient tool to select patients in whom AHD discontinuation may be safely considered.

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Adamkiewicz, Tom, Miguel R. Abboud, Julio C. Barredo, Melanie Kirby-Allen, Ofelia A. Alvarez, James F. Casella, Rathi V. Iyer, et al. "Serum Ferritin in Children with Sickle Cell Disease on Chronic Transfusion: Measure of Iron Overload or End Organ Injury? STOP/STOP II Liver Iron Ancillary Study." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.791.791.

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Abstract Between 1995 and 2004, two NIH-sponsored studies (STOP/STOP II) showed that children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and abnormal transcranial Doppler blood flow measurements (high stroke risk) are protected from stroke with regular blood transfusions. Iron overload, which may lead to complications and requires iron removal therapy, was monitored by serum ferritin (SF). Liver iron concentration (LIC) measurement was not mandated by protocol and was performed at investigator discretion. Biopsy dates and lab values were captured during STOP/STOP II, providing an opportunity to validate SF against LIC. 75 LICs on 36 patients (19 female, 17 male) at 8 centers were obtained. No liver biopsy complications were reported. LICs were correlated with STOP/STOP II core laboratory SF and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) obtained within 180 days of LICs. Median age at first biopsy was 11.1 years (range, 4.5–17.8), median time from start of transfusion was 36 months (range, 2–100). Iron removal treatment was initiated a median 23 months (range, 4–108) from start of transfusion, with deferoxamine (n=27), and/or exchange transfusion (n=9). 21 pts (58%) had multiple LIC measures: 2 (n=9), 3 (n=8), 4 (n=2), 5 (n=2). Last LICs on iron removal therapy were obtained a median 72 months (range, 35–124) from start of transfusion. Correlation between SFs and LICs were r=-0.06 (n=18) for first LICs obtained prior to iron removal therapy, r=0.50 (n=17) for last LICs obtained on iron removal therapy, and r=0.51 for all LICs (n=60). Pts with single/last LIC >=15 mg/gram dry liver were significantly more likely to have ALTs >=45 IU/L compared to those with LICs <15 mg/gram (5/12 vs. 1/18; odds ratio 12.1; 95% CI 1.2–123.6; p=0.03). Pts with LIC >=15 mg/gram and ALT >=45 IU/L tended to have higher SFs then those with normal ALT (mean SF 4927 ng/ml, 95% CI 1739–8115 vs. mean SF 2255 ng/ml, 95% CI 1599–2912). 37% (7/19) of pts with LIC >=15 mg/gram had SFs <2000 ng/ml. 55% (11/20) of pts with repeated LICs, had last LICs <15 mg/gram after initiation of iron removal therapy. SF did not correlate with LICs after initiation of blood transfusion therapy and correlated weakly after initiation of iron removal therapy. Over 1/3 of children with evidence of significant iron overload, as measured by LICs, had low serum SFs (<2000 ng/ml), leading to a potentially erroneous interpretation of low iron stores. A significant portion of pts with elevated LICs had evidence of liver injury (ALT elevation). SF elevation observed in some pts may be due in part to end organ injury. Sustained iron overload control was achieved in over 1/2 of pts examined with repeated LICs.

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Liu, Xijiao, Zhengyan Li, Weiwei Zhang, Caiwei Yang, Yike Diao, Ting Duan, Yu Fu, Jing Ren, and Song Bin. "Gadobutrol Precedes Gd-DTPA in Abdominal Contrast-Enhanced MRA and MRI: A Prospective, Multicenter, Intraindividual Study." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9738464.

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Objective. To qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in one-stop shop of abdominal imaging with Gadobutrol and Gd-DTPA at equimolar doses of gadolinium. Materials and Methods. This was a prospective designed, multiple center, intraindividual comparison study. All volunteers underwent Gadobutrol- and Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRA and MRI in one-stop shop. Qualitative analysis for large vessels and small vessels was performed by a three-point scale, while for minute small vessels, by a five-point scale. Quantitative analysis was performed for large vessels by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Visceral organ enhancements on the equilibrium phase were also analyzed. Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank tests were used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative results. Results. 40 volunteers were enrolled. Qualitative analyses results for large vessels, small vessels, and minute small vessels of Gadobutrol and Gd-DTPA were 20.98 ± 2.11, 6.03 ± 1.03, and 3.41 ± 1.18 and 20.01 ± 2.18, 5.28 ± 1.67, and 2.61 ± 1.40, respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed Gadobutrol-enhanced MRA was superior to that of Gd-DTPA significantly for small vessels (p=0.028) and minute small vessels (p=0.007). For quantitative analysis of large vessels, no statistic difference was found. Gadobutrol-enhanced MRI had higher CNR of the liver (p=0.003), spleen (p=0.001), and pancreas (p=0.001) and higher SNR of spleen (p=0.009) than those of Gd-DTPA statistically. Conclusion. Our study proved Gadobutrol was superior to Gd-DTPA in qualitative analysis of CE-MRA and quantitative analysis of visceral organ enhancement on CE-MRI in abdomen of healthy volunteers. Gadobutrol may be more suitable for abdominal one-stop examination for CE-MRA and CE-MRI.

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Goh, Ee Ling, Kay Choong See, and Wei Ling Chua. "Call for a Singapore National Action Plan for Sepsis (SNAPS): Stop sepsis, save lives." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 53, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023286.

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Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection.1 It affects up to 48.9 million people globally every year and causes 11 million sepsis-related deaths, accounting for 1 in every 5 deaths worldwide.2 The huge disease burden leads to significant consumption of healthcare resources due to longer hospitalisation and the need for intensive care.3 The resultant economic impact is tremendous; for instance, the 1-year incremental costs of sepsis to the healthcare system in Ontario, Canada approximates CAD 1 billion.3 In addition to the complexity of care required for sepsis, the higher healthcare costs incurred may be explained by the post-sepsis syndrome. Sequelae of sepsis include physical, psychological and medical complications.4

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Panda, Ashok Kumar, Suvendu Rout, Amulya Ratna Biswal, and Sarbeswar Kar. "Prevention and to stop the progression of fatty liver diseases: Evidence of ayurveda in hand." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpmhh.2022.003.

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Fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver disease, from a "bland" fatty infiltration to chronic hepatitis (steatohepatitis or NASH), that can result in cirrhosis, hepato cellular carcinoma and organ failure. The prevalence of fatty liver in India is 9-32% with an average of 25% in general population in India. There is no pharmacological agent being officially approved. Therefore, prevention and stop the progression of fatty liver by life style modification and Ayurveda medication are very acceptable by people now a day. Ayurveda treatment involves diet, yogic intervention, Panchakarma therapy and drug therapy. Ayurveda medication can improve the hepatic lipid metabolism, stop hepatic lipogenesis, regulate the mitochondrial dysfunction, modulate lipid metabolism by bile synthesis, modulate the hepatic inflammation through apoptosis and autophagy, correction of gut bacterial composition. The few evidences suggested to practice and generate more data for prevention and arrest the progression of fatty liver diseases.

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Campbell, Richard. "The spatial perception of a large pipe organ in various locations in a church computer model is investigated using multiple sources properly spaced within an organ chamber, with each source representing an organ stop." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4783821.

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Morgan, Gareth J., Nicholas L. Yan, David E. Mortenson, Enrico Rennella, Joshua M. Blundon, Ryan M. Gwin, Chung-Yon Lin, et al. "Stabilization of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains by small molecules." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (April 10, 2019): 8360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817567116.

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In Ig light-chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL), the unique antibody LC protein that is secreted by monoclonal plasma cells in each patient misfolds and/or aggregates, a process leading to organ degeneration. As a step toward developing treatments for AL patients with substantial cardiac involvement who have difficulty tolerating existing chemotherapy regimens, we introduce small-molecule kinetic stabilizers of the native dimeric structure of full-length LCs, which can slow or stop the amyloidogenicity cascade at its origin. A protease-coupled fluorescence polarization-based high-throughput screen was employed to identify small molecules that kinetically stabilize LCs. NMR and X-ray crystallographic data demonstrate that at least one structural family of hits bind at the LC–LC dimerization interface within full-length LCs, utilizing variable-domain residues that are highly conserved in most AL patients. Stopping the amyloidogenesis cascade at the beginning is a proven strategy to ameliorate postmitotic tissue degeneration.

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Rankin, L. G., and D. L. H. Austin. "The Use of Activated Protein C in Severe Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 35, no. 3 (June 2007): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0703500320.

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A 56-year-old man presented to a peripheral hospital in New Zealand with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria with cerebral involvement and subsequently developed multi-system organ failure. Activated protein C was used in an attempt to stop the cascade of events into multiorgan failure. Severe infection with P. falciparum is life-threatening and appears to activate a hypercoagulable state similar to that of severe sepsis. Activated protein C is currently used in the treatment of severe sepsis and may provide a new adjuvant therapy for severe P. falciparum malaria.

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Haase-Kromwijk, Bernadette, Frans du Pré, and Bernard Cohen. "Organ Transplantation and European Community Law: The Case of Non-Residents." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2, no. 3 (July 1997): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969700200308.

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Objectives: The role of the European Union in influencing health care policies in member states is of increasing importance. The Eurotransplant Foundation is an organization which provides donor organs to the most suitable transplant recipients. It covers a region of five countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands). As there is a severe shortage of donor organs within its region, registration of so-called non-resident patients on the waiting lists aggravates this shortage. Could European Community law, especially rules on competition, limit Eurotransplant's freedom to introduce a restrictive policy on non-residents? If so, could participating transplant centres or patients initiate legal action against Eurotransplant to stop the execution of such a policy? Methods: Quantitative descriptive data on organ donation and use by the Eurotransplant Foundation during 1994 and 1995, by residents and non-residents. Analysis on basis of economic and legal framework. Results: Solidarity between potential donors and potential recipients is organized in a different manner in an organization such as Eurotransplant as compared to a national organization under national law. National regulations may introduce a restrictive policy for the acceptance of non-resident patients. Eurotransplant — as a matter of its own policy — has to consider international solidarity. The scope of the non-resident issue is dealt with, and it is explained why it is considered to be a problem. On the basis of a discussion of the economic and the legal framework for a non-resident policy, an answer to the question is suggested. Conclusion: It might be possible for Eurotransplant to introduce a restrictive policy on the admission of non-residents without violating the European Community Treaty.

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Chen, S., G. Habib, C. Yang, Z. Gu, B. Lee, S. Weng, Silberman, et al. "Apolipoprotein B-48 is the product of a messenger RNA with an organ-specific in-frame stop codon." Science 238, no. 4825 (October 16, 1987): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3659919.

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Van Stelten, A., J. M. Simpson, Y. Chen, V. N. Scott, R. C. Whiting, W. H. Ross, and K. K. Nightingale. "Significant Shift in Median Guinea Pig Infectious Dose Shown by an Outbreak-AssociatedListeria monocytogenesEpidemic Clone Strain and a Strain Carrying a Premature Stop Codon Mutation ininlA." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (February 4, 2011): 2479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02626-10.

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ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenescontains (i) epidemic clone (EC) strains, which have been linked to the majority of listeriosis outbreaks worldwide and are overrepresented among sporadic cases in the United States, and (ii) strains commonly isolated from ready-to-eat foods that carry a mutation leading to a premature stop codon (PMSC) ininlA, which encodes the key virulence factor internalin A (InlA). Internalin A binds certain isoforms of the cellular receptor E-cadherin to facilitate crossing the intestinal barrier during the initial stages of anL. monocytogenesinfection. Juvenile guinea pigs, which express the human isoform of E-cadherin that binds InlA, were intragastrically challenged with a range of doses of (i) an EC strain associated with a listeriosis outbreak or (ii) a strain carrying a PMSC mutation ininlA. Recovery ofL. monocytogenesfrom tissues (i.e., liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileum) was used to develop strain-specific dose-response curves on the basis of individual and combined organ data. Modeling of individual and combined organ data revealed an approximate 1.2 to 1.3 log10increase in the median infectious dose for the strain carrying a PMSC ininlArelative to that for the EC strain. Inclusion of the strain parameter significantly improved the goodness of fit for individual and combined organ models, indicating a significant shift in median infectious dose for guinea pigs challenged with aninlAPMSC strain compared to that for guinea pigs challenged with an EC strain. Results from this work provide evidence that theL. monocytogenesdose-response relationship is strain specific and will provide critical data for enhancement of current risk assessments and development of future risk assessments.

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Yarema, I. V., S. A. Fursov, S. A. Pulnikov, G. A. Baranov, A. V. Dobryakov, N. S. Kozlov, A. A. Dolzhenko, and G. M. Korolyuk. "Postoperative External Transabdominal Severe Lymphorrea (Case Report)." General Reanimatology 16, no. 5 (November 6, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-5-37-44.

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Massive lymphorrhea can cause severe dysfunction of organs and systems and result in death due to loss of vital metabolites from the bodyAim. To demonstrate low efficacy of conservative therapy and late lymph duct ligation in continuous massive postoperative lymphorrhea.Results. We treated a patient with previous subtotal gastric resection with single-plane pancreatic resection, D2 lymph node dissection, peritoneal draining due to poorly differentiated carcinoma in the lower third of stomach and total hysterectomy who developed external lymphorrhea through peritoneal drainage tubes 3 days after surgery. A fat-rich diet, endolymphatic sodium etamsylate administration, and lymphatic duct ligation were not successful in terminating the lymph leakage. Despite the intensive care including extracorporeal detoxification, the multi-organ failure progressed and on day 28 after the surgery the patient was pronounced dead.Conclusion. Damage to lymph ducts and lymph nodes can be complicated by massive lymphorrhea. If the source of lymphorrhea can be identified, an urgent surgical intervention is warranted to stop the lymph leakage, as well as the restoration of homeostasis to replenish the lost metabolites and prevent death of the patient.

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Ayu, Shinta Arini, Ummi Malikal Balqis, and Sri Hartati. "Edukasi Pengetahuan dan Pelatihan Bantuan Hidup Dasar (BHD) pada Siswa Jurusan Asper SMKS Bunga Persada Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat." JURNAL KREATIVITAS PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT (PKM) 5, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 2873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v5i9.6901.

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ABSTRAK Penanganan Pra Hospital secara dini dan tepat pada pasien henti nafas dan jantung sangat penting, karena dapat menurunkan angka kematian dan morbiditas. Pada keadaan henti nafas dan henti jantung maka sirkulasi darah dan transportasi oksigen berhenti, sehingga dalam waktu singkat organ tubuh terutama organ vital akan mengalami kerusakan. Organ yang paling cepat mengalami kerusakan adalah otak, karena otak hanya mampu bertahan jika ada asupan glukosa dan oksigen. Jika dalam waktu 10 menit otak tidak mendapat asupan oksigen dan glukosa maka akan terjadi mati batang otak. Tujuan dari Edukasi Pengetahuan dan Pelatihan bantuan hidup dasar adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan dapat melakukan tindakan secara mandiri untuk pertolongan awal. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah siswa/I SMKS Asper Bunga Persada Cianjur. Metode yang digunakan dalam Edukasi Pengetahuan dan Pelatihan bantuan hidup dasar ini adalah dengan melakukan presentasi materi dan simulasi Resusitasi Jantung Paru. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah siswa/I mampu mengetahui dasar-dasar pemberian bantuan hidup dasar dan mampu melaksanakan bantuan hidup dasar pada kasus henti nafas dan henti jantung di lingkungannya. Diharapkan dengan penyuluhan ini para siswa/I dapat sigap dan mampu memberikan bantuan hidup dasar agar dapat memperkecil angka kematian. Kata Kunci: Bantuan Hidup Dasar (BHD), Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP), Pengetahuan, Edukasi, Henti Jantung ABSTRACT Early and proper Pre-Hospital treatment of respiratory and cardiac arrest patients is very important, because it can reduce mortality and morbidity. In a state of respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest, blood circulation and oxygen transport stop, so that in a short time the body's organs, especially vital organs, will be damaged. The organ that is most rapidly damaged is the brain, because the brain is only able to survive if there is an intake of glucose and oxygen. If within 10 minutes the brain does not get oxygen and glucose intake, the brain stem will die. The purpose of knowledge education and basic life support training is to increase knowledge and be able to take action independently for initial assistance. The target of this activity is students of Private Vocational School Bunga Persada Cianjur Nursing Assistant Department. The method used in knowledge education and basic life support training is by presenting material and simulating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The result of this activity is the students are able to know the basics of providing basic life support and are able to carry out basic life support in cases of respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest in their environment. Hopefully with this counseling the students can be quick and able to provide basic life support in order to reduce mortality. Keywords: Basic Life Support (BHD), Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (RJP), Knowledge, Education, Cardiac Arrest

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Kuman, Maria. "Body Regulating Mechanisms in Health and Disease - Hormonal Imbalance and Mental Diseases." SOJ Immunology 6, no. 3 (December 3, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2372-0948/6/3/00176.

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Why is it so important to know the body regulating mechanisms? When the regulating mechanisms are shifted out of balance expect a disease. Usually stress creates delays (because the body needs to stop what it was doing at the moment and mobilize for response to the stressor). These delays destroy the harmony of biorhythms [1], which means stress disturbs the body regulating mechanisms. This results in a chronic disease of the genetically inherited weak organ or cancer. ‘Chronic’ means ‘slow’. It takes a lot of stress accumulation to shift the regulating mechanism out of balance. When the Humoral Immune System (HIS) is weak, stress results in chronic disease.

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Romero Romero, Laura, and Valeria Estefania Patiño González. "Qué es el cáncer?" RA RIÓ GUENDARUYUBI 5, no. 13 (September 9, 2021): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53331/rar.v5i13.2041.

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Cancer encompasses a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of abnormal cells, which divide, grow and can spread uncontrollably in any part of the body. These cells form masses of tissue called tumors or neoplasms, causing problems in the area of the body where they develop; besides, they can spread to other parts of the body. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways: they are less specialized cells, they ignore signals to stop their proliferation and to die when necessary, they influence normal cells, they have the ability to evade the immune system, they grow uncontrollably, and they become invasive. Cancer is considered a preventable disease, adopting strategies to avoid risk factors. In addition to being preventable, some types of cancer can be detected early. The purpose of early detection is to identify the tumor when it is located in the organ of origin, before it spreads to other organs, or to detect precancerous lesions (benign tumors). The correct diagnosis of cancer is essential to be able to establish an adequate and effective treatment. There are a lot of myths and misconceptions about cancer, including that this disease is synonymous with death.

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Zheng, Shuwen, Haiwen Zhong, Xiaoqing Zhou, Min Chen, Wansheng Li, Yin Zi, Yue Chi, et al. "Efficient and Safe Editing of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Genomes by Multiple-Site Base-Editing Editor." Cells 11, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11243975.

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Gene-modified miniature pigs serve as alternative tissue and organ donors for xenotransplantation to alleviate the shortage of human allogenic organs. However, the high copy number of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) genomes integrates with the porcine genome, which has a potential risk of cross-species transmission and hinders the clinical practice of xenotransplantation. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to inactivate PERVs. However, Cas9 also triggers severe DNA damage at multiple integrated PERV sites in the porcine genome, which induces senescence and apoptosis of porcine cells. In this study, the cytosine base editor (CBE), an efficient and safe editor that does not cause DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), was used for PERV editing to reduce cytotoxic effects. Seven sgRNAs were set to target gag and pol loci of PERVs to induce premature stop codons. We found that approximately 10% of cell clones were completely inactivated for PERVs in pig ST cells, and the plasmid that was used for editing the PERVs did not integrate into host genome and influence the karyotype of the modified cells. Our studies offer a powerful and safe strategy for further generating PERV-knockout pigs using base editors.

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Bumbasirevic, V. M., B. Jovanovic, I. Palibrk, A. R. Karamarkovic, D. Radenkovic, P. Gregoric, V. R. Djukic, R. Stevanovic, D. Simic, and N. N. Ivancevic. "Hemorrhagic shock." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 54, no. 1 (2007): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0701063b.

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Hemorrhagic shock is a condition produced by rapid and significant loss of blood which lead to hemodynamic instability, decreases in oxygen delivery, decreased tissue perfusion, cellular hypoxia, organ damage and can be rapidly fatal. Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology and significant advances in technology, it remains a serious problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early treatment is essential but is hampered by the fact that signs and symptoms of shock appear only after the state of shock is well establish and the compensatory mechanisms have started to fail. The primary goal is to stop the bleeding and restore the intravascular volume. This review addresses the pathophysiology and treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

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H. Majeed Alnassiri, Shurooq, Muna S. Rashid, and Huda A. Hameed. "Anatomical and histological assessment of Arabic gum administration on visceral organs of diabetic rats." Biomedicine 43, no. 6 (January 21, 2024): 1882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v43i6.3454.

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Introduction and Aim: This century has seen a rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and since medications pose a number of risks and adverse effects, researchers have been experimenting with a variety of natural materials, including herbs. One among the herbs is Arabic gum which is considered beneficial in treating diabetes. In this study, we investigated the anatomical and histological effect of Arabic gum treatment in diabetes-induced rats when administered at different concentrations. Materials and Methods In this study, albino rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, alloxan administered, alloxan and Arabic gum (5%) administered, and alloxan and Arabic gum (10%) administered. Following the experimental period, the four groups of animals were sacrificed and their anatomical and histopathological changes were studied. Results: This study showed that alloxan induced diabetes caused liver, kidney and lung injuries. The groups that received alloxan with Arabic gum at concentrations 5 % and 10% exacerbated the organ damage. Several anatomical changes of the visceral organs were seen in relation to animals in the control group. Morphologically, groups that received Alloxan and Arabic gum had white spot lesions on the surfaces of the liver kidney and lungs. Histopathological changes were also observed in the liver, kidney and lungs of the animals when compared to controls. Conclusion: Organs such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs were found to be damaged in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The administration of Arabic gum at concentrations of 5% and 10% does not stop the damage to these organs.

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Ayón, Catalina, Daniel Castán, Adrián Mora, Dunia Naranjo, Francini Obando, and Juan José Mora. "Monoclonal Antibodies: A Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases of the Eye Posterior Segment." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i3.2095.

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The eye is an organ that allows us to observe the outside world. Pathologies of the eye's posterior segment, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and retinoblastoma, cause vision loss. Traditional treatments consist of applying topical medications that do not penetrate properly or using high doses that generate adverse effects. Different laser surgeries stop the pathology's progression but do not allow visual improvement. So, an alternative is to use monoclonal antibodies, proteins produced by different processes that selectively bind to metabolites associated with diseases, reducing the adverse effects of traditional treatments and improving the application of the drug in the area. The two main molecular targets are TNF (adalimumab, infliximab, and certolizumab pegol) and VEGF (bevacizumab and ranibizumab); other possibilities are under investigation.

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QIANG, YUE, and HAN MIN. "CHINA INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL COURT (CICC): INNOVATION AND PRACTICE OF DIVERSIFIED DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 17, no. 4 (August 28, 2021): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2021-17-4-230-239.

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The China International Commercial Court (CICC), as a permanent adjudication organ of the Supreme People's Court of China, has built an innovative diversified dispute resolution mechanism on the existing platform. Since its establishment, CICC has been operating steadily and is poised to become a global commercial dispute resolution platform. On this ground, this article suggests that the expert committee mechanism and the information technology application of the «one-stop» platform should be further improved, and the use of diversified dispute resolution should be emphasized to promote the ultimate realization of the results of dispute resolution within the CICC, and ultimately enhancing the credibility and influence of the CICC, so as to build strong brand recognition of the CICC under the momentous changes unseen in a century.

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Ngo, P., and R. Bycroft. "Encorafenib and binimetinib for the treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma in the setting of combined hepatic and renal impairment." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 9 (September 2019): e230974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230974.

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Inhibitors of BRAF, a gene coding a protein called B-raf, with or without inhibitors of MEK (MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) are often used as palliative treatment in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. Recent data show improved progression-free survival with encorafenib with binimetinib, a newer BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination, compared with older agents, but there have been no reports of this treatment in the setting of renal and liver failure. We report a patient with disease-induced transaminitis and renal failure requiring dialysis who was successfully treated with encorafenib and binimetinib. His transaminitis improved and he was able to stop dialysis without any significant adverse effects during treatment, suggesting encorafenib with binimetinib may be used safely and effectively even in patients with end organ damage.

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Parker, Joseph, and Gary Struhl. "Control of Drosophila wing size by morphogen range and hormonal gating." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (November 30, 2020): 31935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018196117.

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The stereotyped dimensions of animal bodies and their component parts result from tight constraints on growth. Yet, the mechanisms that stop growth when organs reach the right size are unknown. Growth of the Drosophila wing—a classic paradigm—is governed by two morphogens, Decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP) and Wingless (Wg, a Wnt). Wing growth during larval life ceases when the primordium attains full size, concomitant with the larval-to-pupal molt orchestrated by the steroid hormone ecdysone. Here, we block the molt by genetically dampening ecdysone production, creating an experimental paradigm in which the wing stops growing at the correct size while the larva continues to feed and gain body mass. Under these conditions, we show that wing growth is limited by the ranges of Dpp and Wg, and by ecdysone, which regulates the cellular response to their signaling activities. Further, we present evidence that growth terminates because of the loss of two distinct modes of morphogen action: 1) maintenance of growth within the wing proper and 2) induced growth of surrounding “pre-wing” cells and their recruitment into the wing. Our results provide a precedent for the control of organ size by morphogen range and the hormonal gating of morphogen action.

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Konstantinovic, M. L., E. Werbrouck, J. Veldman, P. Lewi, D. Timmerman, D. De Ridder, and J. Deprest. "OP26.03: Transperineal ultrasound and clinical examination for pelvic organ prolapse correlate better if both are performed in a one stop clinic." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 36, S1 (October 2010): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.8168.

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Rogozina, Larisa Aleksandrovna, Igor' Leonidovich Davydkin, Oleg Veniaminovich Fatenkov, Olesya Evgen'evna Danilova, Rais Kettdusovich Khayretdinov, and Geliya Rifkatovna Gimatdinova. "ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME: A CASE STUDY." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2023-1-6-13.

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Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a systemic disease, a type of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). It is based on uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway of a hereditary or acquired nature, leading to generalized thrombosis in the microvasculature. Chronic activation of the alternative complement pathway leads to the damage of endothelial cells, erythrocytes and platelets and, as a result, to thrombotic microangiopathy and systemic multiorgan damage. Currently, in roughly half of the cases, it is impossible to identify aHUS triggers. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is used as first-line drug to reverse the symptoms. It helps to eliminate the deficiency of self-proteins – complement factor H and complement factor I (CFH and CFI), membrane cofactor protein (MCP), and stable and labile proteins – factors of hemostasis, and to stop thrombosis in the microvasculature. FFP administration is a preparatory step before anticomplementary therapy. Disease prognosis is always serious and is associated with severe complications and high mortality. At least 6 % of patients develop multiple organ failure with generalized TMA, injury of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and kidneys. The paper describes a clinical case of a patient with aHUS.

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Lee, Ji Soo, Emma M. O’Connell, Pal Pacher, and Falk W. Lohoff. "PCSK9 and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Immune Regulation in Alcohol Use Disorder." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081758.

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by an impaired ability to control or stop alcohol intake and is associated with organ damage including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and progressive neurodegeneration. The etiology of AUD is complex, but organ injury due to chronic alcohol use can be partially attributed to systemic and local inflammation along the gut-liver-brain axis. Excessive alcohol use can result in translocation of bacterial products into circulation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of immune cells, including macrophages and/or microglia in the liver and brain. One potential mediator of this alcohol-induced inflammation is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is primarily known for its regulation of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but has more recently been shown to influence inflammatory responses in the liver and brain. In rodent and post-mortem brain studies, chronic alcohol use altered methylation of the PCSK9 gene and increased expression of PCSK9 in the liver and cerebral spinal fluid. Additionally, PCSK9 inhibition in a rat model of ALD attenuated liver inflammation and steatosis. PCSK9 may play an important role in alcohol-induced pathologies along the gut-liver-brain axis and may be a novel therapeutic target for AUD-related liver and brain inflammation.

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Bahiru, Bezabh Abebe. "Challenges of Dispute Settlement through International Court of Justice (ICJ): the Case of Ukraine v. Russian Federation, the Decision on Provisional Measures on Alleged Violation of Genocide Convention." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 8 (August 26, 2022): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v8n0p266.

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This article aims to discuss the challenges faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the international dispute resolution processes by analyzing the case of Ukraine v. Russia emphasizing the decision of the court on the claims of provisional measures to stop the Russian military operation in Ukraine. To pinpoint the challenges faced by ICJ, the article uses a qualitative approach using both primary and secondary sources, however, the article stresses the latest pending case that Ukraine claims application for proceeding and provisional measures. It is obvious ICJ is the judicial organ of the UN however, the finding of this research shows that ICJ has been facing challenges and the problem is visible in Ukraine v. Russia pending case. Regardless of the marvelous effort state parties are quitting the jurisdiction of ICJ by rejecting the principle of international law of treaties. Such a move by the states like Russia damaged trust in the role of ICJ. Besides, the lacuna in the institutional independence in the process of election of judges has involved veto power of the Security Council which is a political organ. Even more, the election of ad hoc judges is based on motive of the national representation. To this effect, the verdict on claim of Ukraine’s provisional measure is decided by a split vote and the judges’ individual independence in decision-making power has been influenced by national interest, the political orientation of judges, ideology, and, diplomatic relations of states. However, the decision has failed to be enforced. The enforcement organ Security Council’s structural posture caused failure to execute decisions. Favoritism and intervention by unilateral sanction are also other problems. Therefore, the writer has concluded the court should deserve a radical change to preserve the intended object. The ICJ needs to empower independence from any organ of UN that would enhance its effectiveness. It is necessary to have a reform action plan to revise the election process of judges and presidents and the overall structural and functional capabilities of the court.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organ stop'

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