Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organes lymphoïdes'
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Kesteman, Nicolas. "Etude de la migration des neutrophiles dans les organes lymphoïdes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210651.
Full textDes travaux récents montrent que les neutrophiles peuvent également jouer un rôle dans l’immunité adaptative. En effet, ils ont la capacité de transporter des antigènes vers les ganglions lymphatiques, d’induire la différenciation des lymphocytes et d’influencer la réponse immune adaptative par la production de cytokines.
La fonction des neutrophiles dans l’induction et/ou la régulation de la réponse adaptative requiert l’interaction entre ceux-ci et d’autres populations cellulaires, telles que les cellules dendritiques et les lymphocytes.
Nous avons donc examiné la localisation des neutrophiles au niveau de la rate dans des conditions basales ou inflammatoires. D’une manière générale, nos résultats montrent que, en cas d’infection, les neutrophiles migrent vers la pulpe blanche de la rate et se localisent en contact étroit avec les lymphocytes T. Ce phénomène de migration est dépendant des molécules CD14 et MyD88 et corrèle avec l’augmentation de l’expression des chimiokines CXCL1 et 2, ainsi qu’avec la diminution de l’expression du récepteur CXCR2 à la surface des neutrophiles.
Cependant, au niveau de la cavité péritonéale, le recrutement des neutrophiles est augmenté en absence de la molécule CD14. Nos résultats montrent que la migration des neutrophiles, dans les organes lymphoïdes et non lymphoïdes, est dirigée par des mécanismes différents.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Audemard-Verger, Alexandra. "Caractérisation des lymphocytes T résidents des organes lymphoïdes secondaires à l’état basal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB260/document.
Full textIn the last decade, numerous data have demonstrated the existence of T cells residing in non-lymphoid tissues, mostly after infectious diseases. These resident memory T cells may represent a first line of defense against pathogens at front-line sites of microbial exposure upon reinfection. Using two different experimental approaches such as the injection of integrin-neutralizing antibodies that inhibits the entry of circulating lymphocytes into lymph nodes and long-term parabiosis experiments, we have highlighted the long-term residence of a substantial proportion of regulatory and memory CD4 αβ T cells and γδ T cells within the secondary lymphoid organs of specific pathogen free mice. Resident γδ T cells display innate-like characteristics. Lymph node-resident regulatory and memory CD4 αβ T cells share many phenotypic and functional characteristics, including a core transcriptional profile, with their cell-counterparts from non-lymphoid tissues. Microbiota plays an important role in αβ T-cell residence in Peyer’s patches but only a small one if any in lymph nodes. Like in many non-lymphoid tissues, S1PR1 down-regulation may account forαβ T-cell residency within secondary lymphoid organs although other mechanisms may account for this especially in the case of lymph node memory CD4 T cells. Specific in vivo cell-depletion strategies have allowed us to demonstrate that macrophages are the main actors involved in the long-term retention of γδ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Strikingly, T-cell residence increases with age to the point that the majority of regulatory and memory CD4 αβ T cells from LNs and Peyer’s patches are in fact resident T cells in old mice. Altogether, our results show that T-cell residence is not only a hallmark of non-lymphoid tissues but can be extended to secondary lymphoid organs
Perie, Leila. "Implication du VIH dans la distribution des cellules dendritiques entre les compartiments des organes lymphoïdes et du sang." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005931.
Full textDieu-Nosjean, Marie-Caroline. "Etude du rôle des chimiokines dans le recrutement des cellules dendritiques au site de l'inflammation puis dans les organes lymphoïdes." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10332.
Full textFeuillard, Jean. "Etude des rôles des protéines ReL/NF-kappa B dans la réponse immune : analyse in situ de l'expression des proteines Rel/NF-kappa B dans le thymus et les organes lymphoïdes secondaires." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077210.
Full textFournier-Betz, Véronique. "Le système immunitaire intestinal du turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L. ) : relation avec le système immunitaire général et recherche des mécanismes immuns induits lors de vaccinations par voie orale contre la vibriose à Vibrio anguillarum." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2011.
Full textBerthault, Camille. "Etude des mécanismes menant à l'atrophie des organes lymphoïdes primaires dans le cadre de l'infection précoce par le virus de la maladie de Marek chez la poule." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4023.
Full textMarek's disease virus (MDV) infection induces early and transient immunosuppression associated with atrophy of the thymus (TA) and the bursa of Fabricius (BA) in chicks. The aim of this work was to better understand the cellular mechanisms responsible for this atrophy. The first step in my work was to establish an in vivo infection model leading to a sufficient and reproducible BA and TA. Once established, this model allowed us to study the effect of MDV in these organs at 6, 10 and 14 days post-infection. The results indicate that apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation can contribute to BA, whereas only the increase in apoptosis leads to TA. The lymphocyte blood count showed a decrease in B-lymphocytes during the first 2 weeks of infection that seems related to BA. This technique therefore seems a promising non-invasive tool to diagnose BA at early times of MDV infection. A difference in sensitivity to MDV-induced TA and BA was found in two lines White Leghorn of different B haplotype, both of which very sensitive to tumor development
Jamin, Agnès. "Caractérisation de cellules dendritiques dans les organes lymphoïdes secondaires et le sang du porc sain et étude de leur activation après infection par le virus de la peste porcine classique." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S122.
Full textConventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cDC and pDC) were identified in secondary lymphoid organs and blood of healthy pigs. These DC were immature and semi-mature in T areas of these tissues. After in vivo classical swine fever virus infection, DC subsets loaded viruses, then became mature and active as early as 24 h in T areas, starting innate immune response in tonsil. B cells processed E2 viral antigen from germinal centres to T areas at 48 h post-infection, probably initiating humoral immune response. PDC were recruited in blood, where cDC and lymphocyte numbers decreased. PDC were transiently activated in T areas of spleen. However cDC expressing interleukin 10 induced humoral immune response and inhibited DC functionalities in spleen. High alpha interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretions by DC subsets might be at the origin of uninfected cell apoptosis and T cell disruption
Agrawal, Samir. "Activation des lymphocytes T périphériques chez l'homme : différences des signaux nécessaires à l'activation des lymphocytes T des organes lymphoïdes secondaires et du sang, une nouvelle voie de costimulation via les molécules du CMH I." Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120023.
Full textLe, Coz Carole. "Quelle contribution du centre germinatif et de ses composants moléculaires et cellulaires dans la physiopathologie du lupus ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ077.
Full textSystemic lupus erythematosus is a disabling chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which exerting pathogenic effects. Autoantibodies are produced by plasma cells, which originate from the differentiation of B cells through a process that mainly takes place in germinal centers (GC) in secondary lymphoïd organs and involves many molecular and cellular parameters. The aim of my PhD project was to analyze the individual contribution of GC components, such as follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and IL-21, to lupus development. During this work, we have shown both a quantitative and qualitative impairment of Tfh cells in lupus patients and in a mouse model, leading, among other things, to high IL-21 levels. We also observed that B cells from lupus mice display a specific intrinsic sensitivity to this cytokine, due to over-expression of key molecules such as STAT3, which results in increased plasma cell differentiation. Thus, all elements are gathered that favor "Tfh-B" cell interactions and the GC reaction, and therefore the autoimmune response. Finally, the discovery of functional ectopic GC in the kidneys of lupus mice allows envisaging that local responses occur within the target organs and likely participate to kidney injury. The fundamental data we obtained are promising and anticipate new and better targeted biotherapies for lupus treatment
M'homa, soudja Saïdi. "Phénoménologie de l'échappement tumoral dans un modèle murin de mélanome indictible." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22078.
Full textThe role of the immune system in tumor progression is controversial. In studies of mouse transplanted tumors or spontaneous tumors expressing viral antigens, anti-tumor immune reactivity was found either to restrict or promote growth. We evaluated the impact of the immune system on two differencially aggressive melanomas developing in mice upon conditional deletion of the same tumor suppressor genes and concomitant expression of oncogene H-RasG12V and a natural cancer-germline tumor antigene. "Slow progressor" melanomas appeared to be "ignored" by the immune system. "Agressive" melanomas were infiltrated by immature myeloid cells and by T lymphocytes presenting an "exhausted" phenotype, in association with local inflammation and systemic Th2 dominant chronic inflammation. In constrast to other models, initiation of inflammation was here independent of adaptative immunity, which delayed the development of agressive melanomas, but was overridden by inflammation. In these mice, disorders in hematopoiesis and recuitment of myeloid cells to lymphoid organs were associated with immunosuppression and hampered adoptive T cell therapy. Expression of genes akin to those defining epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as genes encoding chemokines and immuno-modulating cytokines characterized aggressive compared to slow progressor melomas, thus establishing a link between epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes and alterations of immune functions
Veber, Romain. "Néogenèse lymphoïde au cours du lupus : mécanismes fondamentaux et pistes thérapeutiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ092.
Full textSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with multiple outcomes, with renal damage being the most severe. A combination of genetic and environmental factors leads to the development of the disease, which results in a break of immune tolerance. One of the major biological signs is the production of autoantibodies to nuclear components that, by depositing in various tissues including the kidneys, generate chronic inflammation leading to organ dysfunction. Deposition of autoantibodies is accompanied by immune cell infiltrates, which in this type of inflammation can be transformed into functional ectopic lymphoid structures called Tertiary Lymphoid Organs (TLO). TLO are found in various diseases and participate in the local generation of beneficial (infections / cancers) or deleterious (autoimmune diseases) immune responses. My thesis project focused on the demonstration of TLO in the kidneys during lupus and on the study of the mechanisms allowing their formation. We first characterized the inflammatory infiltrates present in the kidneys of NZB/W mice, a spontaneous murine model of lupus. These infiltrates are highly organized and constitute functional TLO that are potentially implicated in lupus nephritis. We then investigated the mechanisms of development of these TLO and identified T lymphocytes and the CXCR3 chemokine receptor as key components of this process and lupus pathology. The data obtained provide a better understanding of lymphoid neogenesis during lupus and pave the way for new therapeutic strategies to treat lupus nephritis
Labouyrie, Eric. "Expression des récepteurs aux neurotrophines dans le tissu lymphoi͏̈de et hématopoi͏̈étique chez l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28545.
Full textAllouche, Farouk. "Role of RANKL in the differentiation of B cell associated stroma in secondary lymphoid organs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ002.
Full textRANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand), a member of the TNF family that signals via RANK, plays an important role for immune regulation. In the adult, RANKL is constitutively expressed by marginal reticular cells (MRCs) of the lymph nodes. Because MRCs are positioned in close vicinity to B cells and may be precursors of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), RANKL could play a role in the differentiation of B cell-associated stroma and the humoral immune response. In order to better understand the role of RANKL expressed by the MRCs, we generated mice with conditional RANKL deficiency in the stromal compartment. We found that the B cell follicle structure was disrupted and FDC network formation was reduced. Although RANKL was not required for MRC formation, it was necessary for the expression of B cell attracting chemokine CXCL13. Among the TNFRSF members known to control CXCL13 expression and FDC formation, we found that TNFR1 was significantly reduced in the RANKL cKO mice. Thus, RANKL may present a novel therapeutic strategy against B cell-mediated immunopathologies by acting on its stroma
Afkhami-Dastjerdian, Soheila. "Characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the CD4C/HIV transgenic mouse model." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15351.
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