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Thompsett, David. "Hydrazine and carbazate complexes of chromium and manganese : their role in the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376340.
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Reig, Canyelles Marta. "Carbazole-Based Materials for Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404560.
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This thesis deals with the preparation and characterization of novel organic semiconductors based on the carbazole heterocycle for electronic and optoelectronic applications, specifically to be studied as active layers in OTFTs and as emitting layers in OLEDs. Carbazole-based materials are recognised for their high thermal stability, high emission efficiencies and excellent hole-transporting properties associated to its electron-donating ability, which make of them promising candidates for OTFTs and OLEDs applications.
OLEDs have been studied extensively due to their promising applications in flat panel displays and solid-state lighting. However, further improvement of power efficiency and colour purity are still required to produce more efficient industrial devices. Thus, the first part of this thesis deals with the preparation of a series of carbazole-based blue emitters for their application as emitting layers in blue and in particular in deep-blue OLEDs. The extension of the π-conjugated carbazole system by preparing bicarbazole and tricarbazole derivatives afforded materials with the sought deep-blue emission properties in the solid state, which were modulated by the insertion of the ethynylene linker. OLED devices exhibited very low turn-on voltages and a maximum luminance as high as 1.4 x 104 cd m–2.
The second part of this thesis is focused on the development of new organic semiconductors with effective charge transport properties. In order to obtain new n-type or ambipolar materials, the hole-transporting behaviour of the electron-donating carbazole moiety was modified by the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups on its structure. As a first approach, the coupling of the carbazole heterocycle with the electron acceptor tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) yielded ambipolar materials, whose charge-transporting properties were found to be dependent on the substitution patterns of the carbazole core. As a second approach, the introduction of the strong electron-withdrawing tricyanovinyl group on the carbazole core afforded a push-pull system with high electron affinity, resulting in materials with n-type or ambipolar behaviour as determined by TOF and OTFT measurements.
The last part of this thesis is focused on the preparation of a series of p-type carbazole related derivatives, in which the extension of the π-conjugated core was progressively varied in order to study its effect on the charge-transporting properties. Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole and triindole derivatives showed enhanced OTFT device performance with hole mobilities in the range of 10–3 to 0.1 cm2 V–1 s–1. In particular, N-trimethyltriindole exhibits a face-to-face molecular packing with π–π interactions, and an optimal perpendicular molecular disposition to the substrate surface as determined by XRD, that can be related to a more favourable charge transport in the OTFT devices. The introduction of long hexyl chains in the triindole core contributes with additional C–H···π interactions to those of π–π type between the triindole cores, enhancing the degree of molecular order in the thin films as reflected in the determined hole mobility, which was found to be the highest value of all the series with a value of 0.1 cm2 V–1 s–1.
The knowledge of the molecular packing and intermolecular interactions in the organic layers has been proved to be essential to rationalize the charge-transporting properties and it is shown here to be a useful tool to be considered on the design of new organic semiconductors.El desenvolupament de nous semiconductors orgànics amb capacitat de transport de càrrega presenta un gran interès per a la seva aplicació en transistors orgànics de capa prima (OTFTs), díodes emissors de llum orgànics (OLEDs) i cel·les solars orgàniques, entre d’altres. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és la preparació i caracterització de nous semiconductors orgànics basats en l’heterocicle carbazole i el seu estudi com a components en OTFTs i en OLEDs. En primer terme, aquesta tesi està centrada en la preparació de nous derivats del carbazole amb propietats luminescents en la zona del blau de l’espectre electromagnètic. En concret, es pretén modular les propietats òptiques del carbazole mitjançant l’extensió de la conjugació del seu nucli aromàtic per introducció de grups donadors d’electrons en la seva estructura, així com per la introducció del triple enllaç com a espaiador entre el nucli carbazole i els grups donadors d’electrons. L’estudi dels materials preparats com a capes emissores en OLEDs ha donat lloc a dispositius amb emissió a la zona del blau que han presentat una elevada luminància de fins a 1.4 x 104 cd m–2. La segona part de la tesi està enfocada en el desenvolupament de nous semiconductors orgànics basats en l’heterocicle carbazole i l’estudi de les seves propietats de transport de càrrega. Per tal de preparar nous semiconductors orgànics de tipus n o ambipolars, es pretén modificar les propietats de transport de forats del nucli carbazole mitjançant la introducció de grups atractors d’electrons en la seva estructura. Per una altra banda, s’ha preparat una sèrie de materials basats en el carbazole en què s’ha variat progressivament l’extensió del seu sistema conjugat, per tal d’obtenir derivats amb propietats de transport de forats efectives. Les propietats de transport de càrrega dels materials preparats s’han avaluat mitjançant la tècnica “time of flight” (TOF) i la preparació i mesura de OTFTs. S’han obtingut alts valors de mobilitat de forats de fins a 0.1 cm2 V–1 s–1 a partir de OTFTs basats en derivats del triindole. Els resultats obtinguts s’han correlacionat amb l’estructura molecular, el tipus d’empaquetament molecular, i amb el grau d’ordre i disposició de les molècules a les capes dels dispositius mitjançant estudis de difracció de raigs X i càlculs teòrics.
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Nolan, William Peter. "Synthesis of indolo[2,3-A]carbazole natural products." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272982.
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CARNEIRO, LEONARDO SIMÕES DE ABREU. "CARBAZOLE-BASED COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS: CONCEPTION, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28356@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Materiais bidimensionais apresentam possibilidades de funcionalização que os tornam versáteis para diversas aplicações, tais como em dispositivos eletrônicos. A presença de poros nesses materiais pode trazer novas funções, como adsorção de gases, liberação controlada de fármacos e catálise. Os covalent organic frameworks (COFs) são uma nova classe de materiais orgânicos porosos cristalinos que têm recebido destaque em química reticular. O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar a síntese e caracterização de quatro novos COFs baseados em carbazóis, que constitui uma classe de compostos utilizada na obtenção de polímeros condutores. O bloco de montagem principal utilizado foi o 3,6-diamino-9H-carbazol e as fontes de aldeído foram triformilfloroglucinol, triformilfenol, 1,3,5-tri(4-formilfenil)benzeno e triformilbenzeno para a síntese do RIO2, RIO3, RIO5 e RIO6, respectivamente. RIO2 e RIO3 apresentaram-se sob a forma ceto enamina e imina, respectivamente, além de pouca cristalinidade e baixa área específica. Através de cálculos baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), foi verificado que esses COFs apresentam suas folhas deslocadas e rotacionadas devido às interações eletrostáticas e para minimizar os momentos de dipolo das ligações N-H dos carbazóis. RIO5 e RIO6 também se apresentaram pouco cristalinos e com áreas específicas baixas. Apesar desses resultados, esses materiais ainda podem ser aplicados em eletrônica orgânica por apresentarem estrutura química compatível com tal aplicação.
Two-dimensional materials have functionalization possibilities that make them versatile for various applications such as in electronic devices. The presence of pores in these materials can give new features to them, such as gas adsorption, drug delivery and catalysis. The covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of crystalline porous organic materials that have been prominent in reticular chemistry. The purpose of this work is to present the synthesis and characterization of four new COFs based on carbazoles, which are a class of compounds used to obtain conductive polymers. The main building block used was 3,6-diamine-9H-carbazole with the aldehyde sources were triformylphloroglucinol, triformylphenol, 1,3,5-tri(4 formylphenyl)benzene and triformylbenzene to obtain RIO2, RIO3, RIO5 and RIO6, respectively. RIO2 and RIO3 are in keto-enamine and imine form, respectively, as well as have low crystallinity and low specific area. Calculus based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) found that these COFs present their sheets displaced and rotated due to electrostatic interactions and to minimize the dipole moments of the N-H bonds of carbazoles. In an attempt to avoid the absence of pores, RIO5 and RIO6 materials were synthesized, however these COFs also performed poorly crystalline and with low specific areas. Despite these results, these materials can also be applied in organic electronics by presenting chemical structure compatible with such application.
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Adhikari, Ravi M. "Carbazole-Based Emitting Compounds: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Formation of Nanoparticles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1224527666.
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Haelters, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse de dérivés phosphono-indoliques-benzofuranniques et -pyrroliques à partir d'hydrazones phosphonates." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2002.
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Des derives phosphonoindoliques sont prepares par cyclisation d'arylhydrazones d'oxoalkylphosphonates selon fisher et par cyclodeshydratation d'arylamino-1 et arylamino-3 oxo-2 propylphosphonates selon bischler. Des indolyl-2 et indolyl-3 phosphonates, des indolylmethyl-2 et des indolylmethyl-3 phosphonates diversement substitues et leurs acides phosphoniques correspondants sont decrits. Toutes structures sont analysees par rmn **(1)h, **(31)p et 1**(3)c. L'analogue phosphore de l'intermediaire a aussi ete prepare. L'extention de la reaction de bischler aux aryloxycetones permet d'atteindre des benzofuryl-2 phosphonate et de benzofurylmethyl-3 phosphonates. Deux nouveaux reactifs sont utilises pour acceder aux arylaminocetones et aux aryloxycetones : les chloro-1 et chloro-3 methoxycarbonylhydrazono-2 propyl-phosphonates de diethyle, composes qui, traites en milieu basique, donnent des azoenes qui additionnent les anilines et les phenols. Ces azoenes additionnent aussi les carbanions, notamment les carbanions derives de cetones pour conduire, apres hydrolyse soit a des derives du pyrrole, soit a des dioxy-2, -5-alkylphosphonates precurseurs de cyclopentenones selon wittig-horner
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Ho, Cheuk Lam. "Conjugated metal-organic phosphorescent materials and polymers containing fluorene and carbazole units." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/808.
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Rizzo, Francesco. "Computational characterization of carbazole-benzonitrile derivatives for applications in Organic Light Emitting Diodes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21022/.
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The technology of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes has reached such a high level of reliability that it can be used in various applications. The required light emission efficiency can be achieved by transforming the triplet excitons into singlet states through Reverse InterSystem Crossing (RISC), which is the main process of a general mechanism called thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). In this thesis, we theoretically analyzed two carbazole-benzonitrile (donor-acceptor) derivatives, 2,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (p-2CzBN) and 2,3,4,5,6-penta(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (5CzBN), and addressed the problem of how donor-acceptor (D-A) or donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) flexible molecular architectures influence the nature of the excited states and the emission intensity. Furthermore, we analyzed the RISC rates as a function of the conformation of the carbazole lateral groups, considering the first electronic states, S0, S1, T1 and T2, involved in TADF process. The two prototype molecules, p-2CzBN and 5CzBN, have a similar energy gap between the first singlet and triplet states (∆EST, a key parameter in the RISC rate), but different TADF performances. Therefore, other parameters must be considered to explain their different behavior. The oscillator strength of p-2CzBN, never tested as emitter in OLEDs, is similar to that of 5CzBN, which is an active TADF molecule. We also note that the presence of a second T2 triplet state, lower in energy than S1 only in 5CzBN, and the reorganization energies, associated with RISC processes involving T1 and T2, are important factors in differentiating the rates in p-2CzBN and 5CzBN. For p-2CzBN, the RISC rate from T2 to S1 is surprisingly higher than that from T1 to S1, in disagreement with El-Sayed rules, due to a large reorganization energy associated to the T1 to S1, process; while the contrary occurs for 5CzBN. These insights are important for designing new TADF emitters based on the benzo-carbazole architecture.
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Ottone, Chiara. "Nouveaux copolymères donneur-accepteur : préparation, caractérisation physico-chimique et application des cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864002.
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Ce travail de thèse concerne l'élaboration de nouveaux copolymères à faible bande interdite de type " push-pull ", constitués par une unité donneuse d'électrons (push) et une unité acceptrice d'électrons (pull) en modulant les relations structures-propriétés par stratégie de synthèse. Des copolymères constitués par des unités acceptrices d'électrons (dérivées du benzothiadiazole ou du thienopyrrolodione) et donneuses d'électrons (3,6-carbazole, 2,7-carbazole, dialkoxybezodithiophène) ont été obtenus par différentes méthodes de couplage carbone carbone (C-C). Des études physico-chimiques par des techniques de spectroscopie (UV-visible), d'électrochimie (voltampérométrie cyclique), de diffraction de rayon X et d'analyses thermogravimétriques ont été utilisées pour élucider les propriétés fondamentales des copolymères pour des applications dans le domaine du photovoltaïque organique. Des études de RPE sous éclairement couplées avec de la simulation théorique ont permis l'étude des différents transferts électroniques dans les copolymères push-pull en mélange avec deux types de matériaux accepteurs d'électrons (le PCBM et les nanocristaux de CuInS2). Des calculs de DFT ont mis en évidence une bonne corrélation avec les résultats expérimentaux. Des tests préliminaires en hétérojonctions volumiques sur les (co)polymères ont étés réalisés mettant en évidence les facteurs clés limitant les performances des dispositifs de photovoltaïques organiques.
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Linton, Katharine Elizabeth. "New bipolar organic materials for optoelectronic applications." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4437/.
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The literature surrounding organic small-molecule donor-acceptor systems is summarised for a range of optoelectronic applications (OLEDs, OPVs, OFETs etc.). There is a focus on the key building blocks: 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD), diphenylamine (DPA), carbazole (Cbz) and fluorene (F). The incorporation of such moieties into various donor-acceptor systems is discussed with further reference to selected alternative organic donor and acceptor systems. The syntheses of novel bipolar molecules based on a donor-spacer-acceptor (DPA/Cbz-F-OXD) structure and the incorporation of these molecules into single-layer OLEDs is presented. It is demonstrated how the emission colour can be tuned from green to deep blue by systematic manipulation of the structure. A significant result is that high efficiency accompanied with pure, deep blue emission in single-layer OLEDs can be achieved with this structural motif. The incorporation of these materials as part of a simple two-component blend to produce white OLEDs is presented and the modification of the materials to improve electron-transport properties is discussed. The synthesis of DPA-bridge-OXD wire systems is presented with the use of oligo-p-phenyleneethynylene units as a bridge of varying length to investigate the effect on charge transfer between the donor and acceptor. Photophysical studies demonstrate the change in absorption, emission and fluorescence lifetimes as the length scale of the molecules is altered. The synthesis of a series of planarised and twisted DPA-bridge-OXD systems based upon phenylene linkers is discussed. Finally, a series of DPA-F-OXD-anchor molecules is presented for incorporation into DSSC devices. The synthesis of these materials is described and the suitability of various anchoring groups for DSSCs is analysed through photophysical and device studies.
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Li, Junming. "The performance characterization of carbazole/dibenzothiophene derivatives in modern OLEDs." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17678.
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Ein vielversprechendes Design für organische lichtemittierende Dioden (OLEDs) verwendet eine Wirt-Gast-Strategie durch Dispergieren einer kleinen Menge eines hocheffizienten Emitters (der Gast) in eine passende Transportmatrix (der Wirt). Die Aufgabe des Wirts ist den Exzitonentranport zum Emitter sicherzustellen und den Zerfall von Triplet-Exzitonen zu verhindern, und damit eine hohe Bauteilperformance zu erreichen. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Beziehung zwischen Molekülstruktur und optoelektrischer Eigenschaften von Carbazol/Dibenzothiophen-Derivaten. Die Untersuchung umfasst sieben dieser Derivate für den Wirt, bei denen die Carbazoleinheit als Donator und die Dibenzothiopheneinheit als Akzeptor fungiert, wobei beide durch einen oder mehrere Phenylabstandshalter verbunden sind. Diese Wahl der Wirtsmaterialien erlaubt es den Einfluss der erweiterten Phenylabstandshalter und der unterschiedlichen molaren Verhältnisse von Akzeptor zu Donator zu untersuchen. Es ergab sich, dass eine kürzere Phenylabstandshalterlänge die Bauteilperformance durch eine größere Löcher- und Elektronendichte in der Emitterschicht verbessert; und ein 1:1 Carbazol-zu-Dibenzothiophen-Verhältnis der Bauteilperformance zuträglich ist, da es zu einem Ladungsträgergleichgewicht in der Emitterschicht führt. Diese Arbeit zeigt, unter Verwendung dieser Wirtsmaterialien, blaue FIrpic-basierte phosphoreszierende OLEDs (PhOLEDs) und grüne 4CzIPN-basierte thermisch aktivierte verzögerte Phosphoreszenz (TADF) OLEDs. Die blauen PhOLEDs und grünen TADF OLEDs mit mDCP zeigten Effizienzen von 43 cd/A (18.6%) beziehungsweise 66 cd/A (21%).A particularly interesting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) design adopts a host-guest strategy by dispersing a small amount of highly efficient emitter (the guest) into an appropriate transport matrix (the host). The host is utilized to transfer excitons to the emitter and to prevent triplet exciton quenching, thus high device performance can be achieved. The present thesis focuses on the relationship between the molecular structure and opto-electrical properties of carbazole/dibenzothiophene derivatives. The investigation encompasses seven of these derivatives for the host, in which the carbazole unit acts as a donor and the dibenzothiophene as an acceptor while they are linked through phenyl spacer(s). This choice of host materials enables to assess the impact of extended phenyl spacers and different acceptor to donor molar ratios. It was found that decreasing the phenyl spacer length enhances the device performance due to the larger both hole and electron densities in the emitting layer; and a 1:1 carbazole to dibenzothiophene ratio is favorable for device performance, since it balances the charge carriers in the emitting layer. Using these host materials, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates high-performance blue FIrpic-based phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) and green 4CzIPN-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs. The blue PhOLEDs and green TADF OLEDs with mDCP showed efficiencies of 43 cd/A (18.6%) and 66 cd/A (21%), respectively.
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Magaldi, lara Diego A. "Conception De Nouvelles Molécules De Transport De Trous À Base De Carbazole Pour Cellules Solaires Hybrides De La Pérovskite." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1031.
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Au cours des dix dernières années, les recherches sur les cellules solaires hybrides à pérovskite (PSC) ont permis d’atteindre des rendement photovoltaïques élevés. De plus, la facilité de mise en œuvre et l’utilisation de matériaux à faible coût comme notamment l'iodure de plomb d'ammonium (II), font des dispositifs PSC l'une des meilleures solutions de développement pour capter l'énergie solaire. Les matériaux de transport de charges organiques (HTM) tels que Spiro-OMeTAD font partie intégrante de la structure du dispositif. Le travail de thèse présenté vise à développer des solutions alternatives dans la conception de molécules pour la couche HTM, en élaborant de nouveaux matériaux répondants aux propriétés physiques recherchées pour l’application PSC. Dans ce cadre, des molécules à base de carbazole (Cz), unité bien connue utilisée largement en électronique organique, a été choisi comme unité de base pour notre étude. Son faible coût, ses multiples et larges possibilités de structures organiques synthétisables en fait un bon candidat pour explorer son utilisation en tant que HTM.Le chapitre 1 résume brièvement l’état de l’art du photovoltaïque et l’état de la technique des cellules PSC. L’introduction décrit la composition et la fonction des différentes couches constituant un dispositif photovoltaïque. Puis, sont présentée et décrite l’état de l’art des molécules à base de carbazole utilisées comme HTM pour l’application photovoltaïque permettant d’apporter les bases de la discussion du présent travail.Le chapitre 2 présente la synthèse de deux familles de nouvelles molécules de transport de trous (HTM). Les molécules présentées sont composées de deux fragments de diphénylamine (DPA) liés à l’unité carbazole. À partir du dibromo-carbazole en tant que produit de départ, la synthèse est réalisée par une procédure de synthèse simple en deux étapes, fournissant les produits cibles avec un rendement élevé. On obtient deux séries de molécules désignées DMx et iDMx, différenciées entre elles par leur position de substitution 3,6-Cz (DMx) vs 2,7-Cz (iDMx) sur le noyau carbazole (Cz) des groupes DPA. Les propriétés thermiques et optoélectroniques de ces materiaux sont pleinement identifiées ainsi que leur mise en œuvre sur film. Des premiers tests photovoltaïques sont présentés.Le chapitre 3 décrit en détail des essais de polymérisation anionique et radicalaire sur la molécule phare (DM1) de ce travail, qui porte une fonction alcène polymérisable. Le polymère résultant DM1P est entièrement caractérisé et testé sur des modules PSC et comparé à son monomère d'origine. La deuxième partie du chapitre 3 présente la synthèse d’une série de copolymères conjugués à base de 3,6-carbazole, appelée série PCzX. Avec les molécules PCzX actuelles, nous explorons la possibilité d'utiliser des polymères conjugués sur des dispositifs PSC comme alternative aux petites molécules réelles. Les polymères synthétisés sont entièrement caractérisés et des résultats photovoltaïques préliminaires sont présentés.Le chapitre 4 décrit une série de molécules (DM1X) bicarbazolyle (constituées de deux unités carbazole reliés par un atome d'azote à un noyau benzénique en position para), élaboré afin de tester ses capacités à se polymériser par couplage oxydant. La présente étude prétend comparer les différences optoélectroniques et thermiques entre un monomère et l’oligomère ou polymère dérivé. Toutes les molécules sont entièrement caractériséesAbstractDuring the last ten years, research around hybrid perovskite solar cells has achieved high photovoltaic efficiency conversion. Add to this, its solution processability and low-cost manufacture materials like ammonium lead (II) iodide, make of PSC one of the best on developing solutions to attain solar power. Organic hole transport materials (HTM) like Spiro-OMeTAD are an integral part of its architecture. The presented thesis aims to develop alternative solutions for the HTM layer, synthetizing new molecules that can match suitable carrier properties for its use on Perovskite solar cells (PSC). For this matter, the heterocycle carbazole (Cz), which is a well-known molecule used in organic electronics, is selected as a base molecule for our study. Due to its low cost production, ease modification of its structure over fixed positions and versatility over different reaction paths. For the later reasons Cz makes an ideal option to explore its use as HTM.Chapter 1 is a brief resume on photovoltaics and state of the art of PSC. The introduction describes the most common composition and function of the different layers that constitute the photovoltaic device’s layers. Followed by a review of carbazole molecules use as HTM until now, which are described and compared to lay the foundation of the present work.Chapter 2 reports the synthesis of two a two series of new hole transporting materials (HTMs). The presented molecules are composed by two diphenylamine(DPA) fragments linked to carbazole unit. From dibromo-carbazole as a starting material, synthesis is performed by a simple two-step synthetic procedure providing the target products in high yield. Two series of molecules designated as DMx and iDMx are obtained, differentiated between each other by their substitution positon 3,6-Cz (DMx) vs 2,7-Cz (iDMx) on the carbazole (Cz) core by the DPA groups. The molecules are examined along with thermal and optoelectronic characterization, film formation ability and further test on perovskite photovoltaic devices as well.Chapter 3 is detailed description of anionic and radical polymerization essays over molecule called DM1, which bears an alkene polymerizable function. The resulted polymer DM1P, is fully characterized and tested over PSC modules and compared with its origin monomer. The second part of Chapter 3, consist on the synthesis of a series of 3,6-carbazole linked conjugated copolymers, designated as PCzX series. With the present PCzX molecules, we explore the possibility of the use of conjugated polymers on PSC devices as an alternative to the actual small molecules. The synthetized polymers are fully characterized and preliminary photovoltaic results are presented.Chapter 4 describes a series of bicarbazolyl (two carbazole heterocycles connected by N- atom to a benzene ring in para position) molecules (DM1X), conceived to test its subsequent oligomerizaton/polymerization by further oxidative coupling reactions. This kind of polymerization can be potentially achievable with carbazole molecule under the right conditions. The present study pretends to compare the optoelectronic and thermal differences between a monomer and the derived oligomer/polymer. All molecules are fully characterized.Keywords: Carbazole, conjugated-polymer, non-conjugated polymer, oxidative polymerization, Hole transport material, Perovskite solar cell, photovoltaics
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CASTRO, YANETH EVELYN VASQUEZ. "ROOMTEMPERATURE PHOSPHORIMETRY BASED ON DETERGENTLESS MICROEMULSIONS: METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION AIMING THE DETERMINATION OF CARBAZOLE AND DIBENZOTHIOPHENE IN ORGANIC LIQUID SAMPLES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8902@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOUm estudo foi realizado visando avaliar nova abordagem analítica para a determinação de um hidrocarboneto poliaromático nitrogenado (carbazol, CBZ) e um sulfurado (dibenzotiofeno, DBT) em amostras orgânicas líquidas usando fosforimetria na temperatura ambiente. Para isto, microemulsões sem detergente foram usadas para viabilizar a determinação destes compostos em solução. Um estudo preliminar das propriedades fosforescentes desses dois analitos foi realizado, sendo este dividido em duas etapas: (i) definição da composição da microemulsão (ME) e (ii) estudo do efeito da concentração da ME sobre o sinal fosforescente do analito. Como resultado, sinais fosforescentes com potencial analítico e em ambiente livre de interferências de fluorescência foram obtidos para várias das composições testadas. As condições experimentais foram otimizadas usando planejamento fatorial visando à maximização desses sinais fosforescentes para o CBZ (292/436 nm) e para o DBT (286/442 nm). A concentração de I- (íon de átomo pesado indutor de fosforescência), concentração de Na2SO3, pH e tipo de ME foram avaliadas. Essa abordagem permitiu que, na ME diluída, os valores de LD e de LQ para o CBZ fossem 2,6 ng mL-1 e 8,6 ng mL-1 e para o DBT de 7,4 ng mL-1 e 24,5 ng mL-1. As faixa lineares estenderam-se até 800 ng mL-1 (CBZ) e até 1400 ng mL-1 (DBT). Amostras orgânicas líquidas (frações combustíveis do petróleo e extratos orgânicos de amostras ambientais) fortificadas com os analitos foram usadas para testar os métodos. Estratégias apropriadas para cada tipo de amostra são apresentadas. Porcentuais de recuperação para CBZ e para o DBT ficaram dentro da faixa de 90 a 110 %. Interferências mútuas e de outras substâncias foram avaliadas.
A new approach for the determination of one nitrogen- containing PAH (carbazole, CBZ) and one sulfur-containing PAH (dibenzothiophene, DBT) in organic liquid samples using room-temperature phosphorimetry was evaluated. Detergentless microemulsions were used to allow the determination of these compounds in aqueous solution. A preliminary study of the phosphorescent properties of the analytes was made in two steps: (i) definition of the ME composition and (ii) effect of the concentration of the ME on the analyte phosphorescent signal. As a result, phosphorescent signals with analytical potential, in a fluorescence free environment, were obtained for several tested compositions. Experimental conditions were optimized using a factorial design aiming the maximization of the phosphorescence from CBZ (292/436 nm) and DBT (286/442 nm). The concentration of I- (phosphorescence inducer heavy atom ion), concentration of Na2SO3, pH and ME type were evaluated. The method allowed, in the diluted ME, values for LD and for LQ of 2,6 ng mL-1 and 8,6 ng.mL-1for CBZ and of 7,4 ng mL-1 and 24,5 ng mL-1 for DBT. Linear dynamic ranges extended up to 800 ng mL-1 (CBZ) and up to 1400 ng mL-1 (DBT). Organic liquid samples (petroleum fuel fractions and organic extracts of environmental samples) spiked with the analytes of interest were used to test the methods. Proper strategies for analyzing each type of sample were described. Recoveries for CBZ and for DBT were within the 90 to 110 % range. Mutual interferences and interferences from other substances were evaluated.
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Onicha, Anthony C. "Heteroleptic osmium(II) polypyridine complexes and carbazole-based chromophores as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1283274761.
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Agrahari, Aditya. "Synthesis and Characterization of Di- Aryl Pentanes and Mechanistic Study of Aldol Reaction of 9-Acetylanthracene with Paraformaldehyde." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1440082002.
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Panthi, Krishna K. "New Carbazole-, Indole-, and Diphenylamine-Based Emissive Compounds: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Formation of Nanoparticles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1293633719.
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Garbay, Guillaume. "Nouvelles voies de synthèse sans métaux d'oligomères et de polymères π-conjugués pour l'électronique organique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0240/document.
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Dans cette thèse sont développées les synthèses et caractérisations de nouveaux polymères conjugués pour des applications dans l’électronique organique. Ces polymères ont été synthétisés via des réactions de polymérisation sans utilisation de métaux de transition. Des polyazomethines à base de carbazole ont ainsi été synthétisés par polycondensation entre des carbazole portant des fonctions amine et aldéhyde en positions 2,7 et 3,6. Leurs propriétés optiques et électroniques ont été étudiées en fonction de la position des fonctions imines ainsi formées. Un comonomère de type EDOT a ensuite été intégré dans le polymère et l’impact de ce comonomère sur les propriétés du copolymère ainsi formé a été étudié.Des polymères à base d’acide squarique et croconique ont ensuite été synthétisés. En faisant varierles conditions de synthèse, les propriétés optoélectroniques ont pu être contrôlées, permettant d’obtenir des composés présentant une émission blanche, qui ont ensuite été intégrés en tant que couche active dans des dispositifs de type OLED.Enfin, des polymères plus originaux ont été étudiés, utilisant des réactions de polymérisation originale, permettant par exemple la formation de benzobisthiazole in situ. D’autres polymères ont été synthétisés en intégrant dans leur chaine des monomères originaux, comme la tetrazine ou la divanilline. Les propriétés optoélectroniques de ces composés ont ensuite été étudiées en vue deleur éventuelle intégration dans des dispositifsIn this work, synthesis and characterizations of new conjugated polymers are described.These polymers, developed for their integration into devices, have been synthesized via transitionmetalfree polymerizations. Carbazole based polyazomethines have been synthesized via polycondensation reactions between di-substituted carbazoles, bearing amino and formyl functionsin positions 3,6 or 2,7. Optical and electronical properties of such polymers have been studieddepending of the linkage position. A comonomer EDOT has then been integrated into the polymer chain, and impact of such insertion has been studied. Squaric and croconic acid base polymers have also been synthesized. By varying polymerization conditions, optoelectronic properties have been tuned, leading to the formation of polymers exhibiting a white emission. These polymers have then been integrated into OLED, as the active layer. Finally, more original polymers have been synthesized, using more original reactions or monomers such as by forming in situ benzobisthiazole. Other polymers integrating more originals monomers, such a tetrazine or divanillin, have been synthesized. Optoelectronic properties of such materials have been studied for the purpose of their integration into devices
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Kutz, Sebastian K. "Regioselektive Synthese substituierter Carbazol-1,4-chinone." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200963.
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Die Ziele dieser Arbeit waren die Darstellung der Naturstoffe Murrayachinon-B–E und Pyrayachinon-A–C, sowie die Synthese einiger nicht natürlicher, potentiell anti-Tuberkulose-aktiver Carbazole und Carbazolchinone.
Für die Darstellung der aus der Pflanze Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata isolierten Naturstoffe wurden verschiedene synthetische Herangehensweisen untersucht: Die Transformation eines 7 Hydroxycarbazolchinons in die Zielverbindungen gelang nicht, ebenso wie die Syntheseroute über eine trioxygenierte Vorstufe. 7-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-tosyloxycarbazol (A) ließ sich jedoch in einer Ausbeute von 76 % über drei Stufen darstellen. Ausgehend von A konnten die Zielverbindungen regioselektiv in fünf bis sieben Stufen in Gesamtausbeuten von 10 % bis 46 % synthetisiert werden. Der Pyranring in Pyrayachinon-A wurde dabei über eine Sequenz aus Bromierung, Prenylierung, Cyclisierung und Oxidation aufgebaut. Die Anellierung der Pyranringe in Pyrayachinon-B und –C erfolgte, nach Methyletherspaltung an A in zwei Stufen. Die Einführung der Prenyl- und Geranylgruppen für die Synthese der Murrayachinone gelang durch reduktive Pyranringöffnung bzw. über eine Sequenz aus Methyletherspaltung, Propargylierung, partieller Hydrierung und Umlagerung.
Außerdem wurde für Murrayafolin-B, Bismurrayafolin-B und -D über diese Syntheseroute ein Zugang geschaffen. Diese Verbindungen konnten, ausgehend von A, in sechs bzw. sieben Stufen in Gesamtausbeuten von 39 % bis 53 % dargestellt werden.
Im Vergleich zu den bislang beschriebenen Synthesen dieser Verbindungen konnten alle Gesamtausbeuten signifikant gesteigert werden. Besonders hervorzuheben sind die Synthesen von Murrayafolin-B (bislang: 0.4 %, in dieser Arbeit: 40.0 %) und Pyrayachinon-A (bislang: 3.0 %, in dieser Arbeit: 22.1 %). Überdies wurde erstmalig die palladiumkatalysierte oxidative Cyclisierung eines O-tosylgeschützten Diarylamins zu einem Carbazol beschrieben.
In Fortführung vorangegangener Arbeiten wurden zehn bislang nicht beschriebene Derivate des anti-Tuberkulose-aktiven 3-Methoxy-2-methylcarbazol-1,4-chinons dargestellt, darunter neun Carbazolchinone und ein Carbazol. Die Synthese der Carbazolchinone gelang palladiumkatalysiert in je vier bis sechs Stufen. Das Carbazol wurde eisenvermittelt über fünf Stufen dargestellt. Die Untersuchung der Aktivität gegenüber Mycobacterium tuberculosis steht noch aus.
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Gruner, Konstanze K., Thomas Hopfmann, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Anne Jäger, Tsutomu Katsuki, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Efficient iron-mediated approach to pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids - first total syntheses of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine, first asymmetric synthesis and assignment of the absolute configuration of (−)-trans-dihydroxygirinimbine." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138748.
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Iron-mediated oxidative cyclisation provides an efficient approach to pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids. Thus, improved routes to girinimbine and murrayacine as well as the first total syntheses of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine are reported. Asymmetric epoxidation of girinimbine led to (−)-trans-dihydroxygirinimbine and the assignment of its absolute configurationDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Gruner, Konstanze K., Thomas Hopfmann, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Anne Jäger, Tsutomu Katsuki, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Efficient iron-mediated approach to pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids - first total syntheses of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine, first asymmetric synthesis and assignment of the absolute configuration of (−)-trans-dihydroxygirinimbine." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27777.
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Iron-mediated oxidative cyclisation provides an efficient approach to pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids. Thus, improved routes to girinimbine and murrayacine as well as the first total syntheses of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine are reported. Asymmetric epoxidation of girinimbine led to (−)-trans-dihydroxygirinimbine and the assignment of its absolute configuration.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Трофимова, К. Е., and K. E. Trofimova. "Синтез и свойства тонкопленочных структур на основе индолокарбазолов : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/94622.
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Спроектирована установка для нанесения органических покрытий. Установка термовакуумного нанесения и виртуальный прибор «ThermoVAC&Co» позволяют осуществлять синтез тонкопленочных покрытий, контролируя температуру нагрева испаряемого вещества до 500 °C. Выполнен синтез тонких пленок 5,11-диметил-5,11-дигидроиндоло [3.2-b]карбазола 5,11-дигексил-5,11-дигидроиндоло[3.2-b]карбазола, 5,11-бис(2-метоксиэтил)-5,11-дигидроиндоло[3,2-b]карбазола и 5,11-бис[2-(2-метоксиэтокси)этокси]-5,11-дигидроиндоло[3,2-b]карбазола для исследования оптических и электрических характеристик. С помощью конфокального микроскопа Axio CSM 700 была проведена аттестация поверхности синтезируемых покрытий. Спектры оптического поглощения были получены на спектрометре Shimadzu UV-2450. Расчетный потенциал ионизации для исследованных соединений ICZ составляет 6,82-7,1 эВ. Обсуждается влияние отдельных блоков соединений на спектр оптического поглощения. На базе микрозондовой станции Cascade Microtech MPS150 произведены измерения вольтамперных характеристик структуры ITO/-ICZ/Al. По данным ВАХ были рассчитаны подвижности зарядов по модели инжекционных токов. Подвижность носителей заряда, оцененная по вольтамперным характеристикам, находится в диапазоне 2,2 ∙ 10-9–1,43 ∙ 10-6 см2 / (В·сек) для исследованных соединений ICZ. Установлена связь между интенсивностью полос поглощения с максимумом около 430 нм и подвижностью носителей заряда.The installation for applying organic coatings is designed. The thermal vacuum deposition unit and the «ThermoVAC & Co» virtual instrument allow the synthesis of thin-film coatings, controlling the temperature of heating the evaporated substance up to 500 ° C. The thin films of 5,11-dimethyl-5,11-dihydroindolo [3.2-b] carbazole 5,11-dihexyl-5,11-dihydroindolo [3.2-b] carbazole, 5,11-bis (2-methoxyethyl) - 5,11-dihydroindolo [3,2-b] carbazole and 5,11-bis [2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy] -5,11-dihydroindolo [3,2-b] carbazole were synthesized to study optical and electrical characteristics. The surface of the synthesized coatings was certified using the Axio CSM 700 confocal microscope. Optical absorption spectra were obtained with the Shimadzu UV-2450 spectrometer. The calculated ionization potential is 6.82–7.1 eV for the studied ICZ compounds. The effect of individual blocks of compounds on the optical absorption spectrum is discussed. The current-voltage characteristics of the ITO / -ICZ / Al structure were measured with the Cascade Microtech MPS150 microprobe station. According to the I-V characteristics data, the charge mobility was calculated using the injection current model. The mobility of charge carriers, estimated by the current-voltage characteristics, is in the range 2,2 ∙ 10-9–1,43 ∙ 10-6 cm2/ (V·sec) for the studied ICZ compounds. The relationship between the intensity of absorption bands with a maximum near 430 nm, and the mobility of charge carriers were found.
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Börger, Carsten, Micha P. Krahl, Margit Gruner, Olga Kataeva, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "First total synthesis of the biscarbazole alkaloid oxydimurrayafoline." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139201.
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We report the first total synthesis of oxydimurrayafoline via nucleophilic substitution at the benzylic position at C-3 of the carbazole frameworkDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Börger, Carsten, Micha P. Krahl, Margit Gruner, Olga Kataeva, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "First total synthesis of the biscarbazole alkaloid oxydimurrayafoline." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27812.
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We report the first total synthesis of oxydimurrayafoline via nucleophilic substitution at the benzylic position at C-3 of the carbazole framework.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Börger, Carsten, Olga Kataeva, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Novel approach to biscarbazole alkaloids via Ullmann coupling – synthesis of murrastifoline-A and bismurrayafoline-A." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139195.
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Unprecedented Ullmann couplings of murrayafoline-A with either 6-bromo- or 4-bromocarbazole derivatives provide highly efficient synthetic routes to the biscarbazole alkaloids murrastifoline-A (6 steps, 66% overall yield) and bismurrayafoline-A (6 steps, 28% overall yield)Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Börger, Carsten, Olga Kataeva, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Novel approach to biscarbazole alkaloids via Ullmann coupling – synthesis of murrastifoline-A and bismurrayafoline-A." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27811.
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Unprecedented Ullmann couplings of murrayafoline-A with either 6-bromo- or 4-bromocarbazole derivatives provide highly efficient synthetic routes to the biscarbazole alkaloids murrastifoline-A (6 steps, 66% overall yield) and bismurrayafoline-A (6 steps, 28% overall yield).Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Gong, Yun. "Structure-property relationships of dyes as applied to dye-sensitized solar cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275007.
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This work investigates the correlation of structural and photovoltaic properties of dyes used in dye-sensitized solar cells. Experimental methods, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are employed to study optical and electrochemical properties of dye molecules. Computational methods, including density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory, are used to validate and predict the optical and electronic properties of dye molecules, in their isolated state and once embedded into a working electrode device environment that comprises a dye...TiO2 interface. The results chapters begin with the presentation of a series of quinodimethene dyes that are experimentally validated for their photovoltaic application, and associated computational studies reveal that an inner structural factor - a phenyl ring rotation occurring during the optical excitation process - leads to the competitive photovoltaic device performance of these dyes. Carbazole-based dyes are then systematically studied by computation, especially considering charge transfer paths and binding modes of these dyes on a titania surface. The theoretical models for the basic building block of this chemical family of dyes, known as MK-44, successfully support and explain structural discoveries from X-ray diffraction and reflectometry that impact of their function. A benzothiadiazole-based dye, RK-1, is then systematically studied by both experimental and computational methods, and the results show that the π-bridge composed of thiophene, benzothiadiazole and benzene rings leads to excellent charge separation; and the rotation of these rings during the optical excitation process may well be consistent with the fluorescence spectrum. Finally, the well-known ruthenium-based dyes are theoretically studied to determine the properties of different ligands connected to the metal core of the complex. Conformations with different NCS ligands are calculated in terms of energy and explain well the corresponding results from X-ray diffraction. Acid-base properties of carboxyl groups connected to pyridine ligands in N3 and N749 are theoretically calculated based on thermodynamics and density functional theory. Implicit and explicit models are both adopted to predict these acid dissociative constant values, which are generally in a good agreement with the reported experimental data. The thesis concludes with conclusions and a future outlook.
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Fritz, Werner John. "Studies in organic syntheses : odorine, odorinol and carbazate oxidation." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/15381.
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Hsieh, Chung-an, and 謝仲安. "Investigation of organic solar cells utilizing carbazole-based donors." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y24urv.
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碩士國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
103
Emerging demands for solar energy continuously inspires the development of new materials and device structures. Organic solar cells, which offer the advantages of easy manufacturing, low cost, capability of large-area process, and flexibility, have become one of important research topics in recent years. In this thesis, we use a series of materials containing carbazole moiety and electron-withdrawing end group as the electron donor materials of organic solar cells. Both the symmetric and asymmetric molecule structures are discussed. Com54 shows the best performance among all symmetrical molecules with the configuration of planar mixed heterojunction structure, which gives a power conversion efficiency of 1.44%, open circuit voltage of 0.8V, short circuit current density of 4.13 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 0.43. Com52 shows the best performance among all asymmetrical molecules with the configuration of bilayer heterojunction structure, which gives a power conversion efficiency of 0.36%, open circuit voltage of 1.02V, short circuit current density of 0.93 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 0.31.
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Wen, Shan-Ni, and 溫珊妮. "Synthesis、Characterization and Simulation of Novel Carbazole Derivative Organic Dyes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12528494338314257876.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
高分子科學與工程學研究所
99
A series of new organic dyes, 2-cyano-3-(5-(7-(5-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (NW), 3-(5- (7-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (NHW), 2-cyano-3-(5-(7-(5''-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) -3''-hexyl -2,2''-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (NS) and 3-(5-(7-(5''-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3''-hexyl-2,2''-bithiophen 5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (NHS), were designed and synthesized based on the structure of donor-π bridge-acceptor. Herein, carbazole, benzothiadiazole and cyanoacetic acid were used as donor, acceptor and anchoring group, respectively, in these dye molecules. All intermediates and final products were fully characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI mass. UV-vis spectrometer was employed to measure the extinction coefficient, absorption spectrum, and optical bandgap of N series organic dyes. The energy levels of HOMO and LUMO were also determined by cyclic voltammetry. Experimental results clearly indicated that the extension ofπ-conjugation length and the incorporation of carbazole as donor red-shifted the absorption spectrum and lowered the optical bandgap. Both NHW and NHS have similar conjugation length but the incorporation of carbazole in them had little effect on up-shifting the HOMO level. This is probably because carbazole is not a strong donor group. Moreover, comparing NW and NS showed the increment of conjugation length mainly down-shifted the LUMO level but kept HOMO almost unchanged, thus leading to the decrease in bandgap. Additionally, the theoretical calculations of these dye molecules were performed in vacuum system. All the electronic absorption characteristics and HOMO, LUMO energy level were calculated by TD-DFT- B3LYP/ 6-31G / + / (d ) level of theory. We V can get the optimized structure and molecular orbital about electron distribution condition of the ground state and exicted state. The calculated HOMO level would be raised by inducing donor and extending the conjugation length. The absorption spectrum is in consistent with the experiment data.
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Luo, Dian, and 羅靛. "Study on Carbazole-based Compounds for Employingin Organic Light Emitting Diodes." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vp57rm.
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碩士元智大學
光電工程學系
106
In recent years, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as the mainstream of flat panel display and flexible electronic products. In general, OLEDs with high efficiency depends on several factors, including emitters possessing high quantum yields and balanced carrier transport in the operation. Carbazole-based compounds have been demonstrated several superior properties for being emitters as well as carrier transport. In this study, we will discuss two series of carbazole-based compounds. In the first part, a new series of hole-transporting materials were developed by Prof. Saulius Grigalevicius’s team. This series of 9-hexylcarbazole-based materials with naphthyl or pyrenyl substitutions, which named as Cz(1) and Cz(2). Both compounds exhibited adequate hole transport capabilities and suitable for employing in OLEDs. The maximum efficiencies of red phosphorescent OLEDs with Cz(2) were up to 17.3%, 26.1 cd/A, and 19.1 lm/W. In the second part, we also collaborated with Prof. Saulius Grigalevicius’s team to develop a series of aggregation-inducing emission luminogenic. The molecular design of these compounds was adopting a tetraphenylethene (TPE) core, which shows high aggregation-induced emission. In addition, the TPE structure was modified by removing a phenyl group and decorating different carbazole-based moieties to give new molecules with excellent luminogenic and carrier transport capabilities and named as Cz(3) and Cz(4). Both of them show strong sky-blue emission in the solid state. The maximum efficiencies of sky-blue OLEDs with Cz(4) were up to 3.8%, 9.0 cd/A, and 8.4 lm/W. In addition, both Cz(3) and Cz(4) were used to combine with red emitting Ir(piq)2acac to construct hybrid white OLEDs. The average color rendering index was estimated to be 85.15 in the white OLEDs with Cz(3).
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吳粒辰. "Bipolar Boryl-Containing Carbazole Host for White Phosphorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45454166070735813429.
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碩士國立高雄大學
應用化學系碩士班
104
White electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) are promising candidates for future applications in lighting and provide homogenous and glare-free illumination over a large area due to the effective utility of both singlet and triplet excitons. To enhance device performance of PhOLEDs, the phosphorescent dopants should be well dispersed in organic host materials. In this work, a synthesized bipolar boron-containing carbazole (NBPC) having short absorption and emission wavelength large energy bandgap (Eg) and triplet energy (T1 = 2.53 eV) are used as the host for the white PhOLED. To access device performance which hosted by NBPC, monochromic red, green and blue PhOLED devices were studied. In the red PhOLED device, bis(1-phenylquinoline) (acetylacetonate)iridium(III); Ir(pq)2acac and NPBC were codeposited as the emission layer. The red PhOLED device shows stable device performance at 100 and 1000 nits luminous. Its current efficiencies(CEs) are around 7.3~8.2 cd/A, power efficiencies(PEs) are around 4.0~5.4 lm/W and EQEs are around 5.1~5.8%. In the green PhOLED device, fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III); Ir(PPy)3 and NPBC were codeposited as the emission layer. The green PhOLED device reveals significantly high current density, large luminance and low turn-on voltage (Von). High device performance with CE: 53.7 cd/A, PE:50.2 lm/W and EQE: 14 % . In Blue PhOLED device, NPBC is insufficient to be host material so we must to find other ways to make white device In the work, low turn-on voltages were found in all the monochromic devices (Von: 2.2, 2.6 and for red and green devices, respectively). The bipolar transporting characteristic of the host NPBC is the major reason which enhances the charge recombination at low voltage. Incorporating the blue and red phosphorescent emissive layer, two-wavelength emissive WOLED devices were obtained in this work. In the WOLED device, mCP was instead of NPBC as the host of the blue phosphorescent emissive layer. The charge confining structure makes the WOLED device achieving high maximum power efficiency of 12.9 lm / W and maximum external quantum efficiency of up to 7.1 % at 6V CIEx,y(0.34,0.38)
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Wang, Po-Sheng, and 王博聖. "Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Bipolar Carbazole-triazole Derivatives as Host Material, and Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83450920616764683976.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
102
In this thesis, we fabricated the blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with bipolar crbazole-triazole derivative material, 9,9''-(2-(4,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole) (CbzTAZ), as host and Iridium(III)bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2’]picolinate (FIrpic) as guest. By optimizing the dopant ratio of phosphor in host and the thickness of architecture, the maximum current efficiency of 52.36 cd/A, power efficiency of 46.1 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency of 23.29% were achieved. The other part, we fabricated inverted photovoltaic cells (OPVs) with boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) as donor material and C60 as acceptor material. By inserting ZnO as a buffer layer at cathode side and MoO3 as a buffer layer at anode side, the ability of carrier extraction will not be restricted by the mismatch of energy level. Further, we tuned the thickness of C60 and optical distribution by the thickness of MoO3 to achieve hole-electron balance and decrease light absorption of C60 to obtain keen absorption spectrum for the application of spectral splitting system. Compared with conventional structure, it can derive more carriers and enhance power conversion efficiency from 2.89% to 3.66%. Besides, we took off C60 to be a fullerence-free OPVs and pushed open-circuit voltage to 1.34 V, which is approaching to the physical limit of SubPc.
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Lin, Tung-Lin, and 林東霖. "Synthesis and Properties of Moleculars Containing Carbazole and Benzothiadiazole for Organic Solar Cells." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84525694159493897974.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
高分子科學與工程學研究所
98
In this study, a series of novel electron donor-acceptor low-bandgap moleculars (CZTHnBTester) which composed of carbazole, benzothiadiazole, thiophene units were synthesized by Suzuki coupling. To extend its conjugated length, the number of thiophene between carbazole and benzothiadiazole was increased from 1 to 3. In thermogravimetry analysis, the three moleculars were found with good thermal stability. All these moleculars displayed two absorption bands in absorption spectra and exhibit a noticeable red shift when they were in film. Increasing the number of thiophene also caused a evident shift and had broader absorptive ranges. The optical band gap showed to 1.8 to 1.98 eV by absorption onset. Bulk heterojunction solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with these oligomers as the donor materials and PCBM as the acceptor material exhibited best power conversion efficiencies up to 0.24 % with the open circuit voltages of 0.49 V, short circuit currents of 1.63 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 30 %.
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Shih, Siao-Cheng, and 施孝承. "Synthesis and Characterizations of Carbazole Benzothiadiazole-Containing Derivatives for Organic Solar Cell Applications." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87164057949300234035.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
高分子科學與工程學研究所
99
In this study, we synthesized three type monomers : carbazole-containing、thiophene-containing、benzothiadiazole-containing. Carbazole was a great hole transporting material in OLED and OPV field. We expected that increasing of polymer solubility which was modified by n-Hexane on carbazole nitrogen site. We also used the Styrene (Para site) to connected with monomer via suzuki coupling reactions. All kind of polymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization. The homopolymers P1~P3 and the copolymers P4~P6 were successfully synthesized. All derivatives discovered good thermal stability, and 5% thermal degradation temperature over 350 oC. The optical properties showed that the absorption were red-shifted with the film state on absorption spectrum, It was indicated that copolymers P4~P6 had great interaction of π-πstacking molecular structure. The optical band gap of P4, P5 and P6 were 2.18 eV, 2.15 eV, 2.12 eV respectively. We also observed that the HOMO of these derivatives increased with increasing raio of carbazole unit. The preliminary bulk heterojunction solar cell devices were fabricated with poymer P1~P6. The highest power conversion efficiency were 0.22 %, containing weigh ratio with P6 : PCBM = 1:4 , VOC of 0.45 (V), ISC of 1.49 mA/cm2, and FF of 0.32 under AM 1.5G solar simulator.
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Chen, You-Ming, and 陳又銘. "Synthesis and Characteristics of Organic Light-emitting Materials Based on Fluorene and Carbazole." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31935613703714568134.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
93
Herein, we report a series of novel electrophosphorecent host materials which hybridize the structure characteristics of carbazole and fluorene. Combining the properties such as high ambipolar charge carrier mobility of fluorene, and the low carrier injection barrier of carbazole can be reasonably anticipated to afford novel host materials. Through the deliberate molecular design, we can combine both characteristics of carbazole and fluorene independently. In this section, highly efficient and stable green and red eletrophosphorecent devices have been achieved using the compound DFCO as a host material. In the second section, polyfluorenes were synthesized via palladium- catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The introduction of alkoxyphenyl group on the 9-position of fluorene were not only avoid “keto defect” but also provide the solubility of the polymer. The weight average molar mass of PF1 can reach to 90000 and it could be a potential candidate for a pure blue light emitting polymer in PLED devices. PF2 with UV range emission could be a potential UV light emitter in OLED devices.
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HSU, JUNG-LIEN, and 徐榮聯. "Carbazole-based small molecules for high open-circuit photovoltage in organic photovoltaic cells." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78645445580702167753.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
化學系
104
A novel donor-π bridge-acceptor (Ｄ-π-Ａ) organic small molecules of F1-F8 have been designed and synthesized, in which an electron-donating carbazole moiety with 4-tert-butyl phenyl (F1-F4) or 4-dodecyloxy phenyl (F5-F8) and electron-withdrawing moiety with four different acceptor end group ex: Malononitrile、1,3-Indandione、4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-(tert-butyl)-6-methyl-4H-pyran (compound 2)、4-(1,3-Indandion)-2-(tert-butyl)-6-methyl-4H-pyran (compound 3). The compound F1-F8 as p-type materials with C60 and C70 as n-type materials to form p-n junction by vacuum-deposited in organic photovoltaic cells. Investigation of photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties have been studied in these dyes. Compound F2 had showed the best short circuit current 5.13 mA/cm2, and the compound F1 combined with C60 (1:1) achieved a high power conversion efficiency 2.48% and gain high open-circuit voltage of 1.01 V because of it possesses the lowest HOMO energy level in organic photovoltaic cells. We optimized and demonstrated the device performance, the highest power conversion efficiency 4.93% by using C70 (1:4) as acceptor in compound F1.
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Lin, Kai-jia, and 林楷家. "Synthesis and Characterization of Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes base on Carbazole Derivatives." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ydm97j.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
106
In this generation, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attention for application in flat-panel display. In full-color display, deep blue emission is very difficult to achieve because its large energy band gap. Many researchers have reported lots of small moleculars as excellent blue emission, such as anthracene, fluorene, and pyrene. Therefore, the synthesis of carbazole derivatives were extensively investigated. Carbazole derivatives possess electronic and charge-transport properties. Herein, four deep blue materials, namely NA、NB、NF、NP, were synthesized base on anthracene, bianthracene, spirobifluorene, pyrene. Four compounds introduced carbazole side group, improved charge-transport properties, and increased steric effect to avoid quenching in the structure. Molecular structures of the final compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, mass spectrometry. The rigid molecular structures with side carbazole groups were beneficial to thermal, as manifest by their Td5% temperature of above 400°C. Optical absorption and PL spectra of materials were shown by solution and thin-film type. Finally, to determine the electroluminescent properties of fluorophores, non-doped device was fabricated. Device with the structure of ITO/NPB(40nm)/NA(30nm)/TPBi(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm) /Al(100nm) was fabricated.
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Chiang, Shang-Te, and 蔣尚德. "Synthesis and Applications of Benzothiadiazole and Carbazole-Containing Molecules for Organic Solar Cell." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74826566159953825992.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
97
In this study, the carbazole derivatives with benzothiadiazole-containing donor-acceptor structure for organic solar cell have been successfully synthesized via Suzuki and Ullmann coupling. Carbazole-, thiophene- and methoxybenzene-containing conjugated group have been introduced into compound O1, O2 and O3. In thermogravimetry analysis, O1, O2, O3 were found with good thermal stability and 5% thermal degradation temperature over 300 oC. The glass transition temperature of O1 was observed and characterized by a differential scanning calorimetery at 85.2 oC, but no melting point was found due to its twisted structure. Melting point of O2 and O3 can be found at 63.6 and 128.7 oC. In cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation potential of O1 is higher than O2 and O3 due to its lower electron density. The HOMO of compounds was estimated at -5.31~-5.44 eV. The absorption spectra of above-mentioned compounds were found to be a two-peak diagram which can be attributed to their donor-acceptor structure. The shifting of short-wavelength absorption peak was observed in UV-Vis spectrum with changing different conjugated groups (λAbs = 321nm, 323nm, 309nm for O1, O2, O3 respectively). The long-wavelength absorption peak was found to be located at the same wavelength (λAbs = 450 nm) for 3 compounds for the same donor-acceptor structure. And the energy gap of compounds was found to be the same (2.3 eV) and their LUMO was estimated at -3.01~-3.14 eV. From all the properties analysis, O1, O2 and O3 are found to be the promising material for their applications in the bulk heterojunction organic solar cell. The preliminary bulk heterojunction solar cell devices were fabricated with compound O1. The best device with O1:PCBM = 1:2 shows power conversion efficiencies 0.013% with open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 0.65V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 0.067 mA/cm2 and fill factor(FF) 29.2 % under AM1.5G solar simulator.
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Chen, Yan-Nian, and 陳彥年. "Synthesis and Characterizations of Carbazole and Thiophene-Containing Derivatives for Organic Solar Cell Applications." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46612876271879807217.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
98
In this study, two carbazole derivatives (O1 and O2) with thiophene and benzothiadiazole-containing donor-acceptor structure were synthesized via Ullmann coupling and Suzuki coupling reactions. During the synthesizing process, three extra N-carbazole endcapped derivatives (CBC, CTC, and C2TC) were obtained. We also tried polymerizing the carbazole derivative monomers with thiophene and benzothiadiazole-containing side chain via Yamamoto coupling reaction, and Homopolymer P1 were synthesized with weight-average molecular weight of 4333 g/ mol, PDI 1.28. All derivatives were found with good thermal stability, and 5% thermal degradation temperature over 350 oC. The optical properties indicated that the absoption and emission maxma were red-shifted with increasing number of thiophene unit. The optical band gap of O1, O2 and P1 are 2.20 eV, 2.05 eV, 2.18 eV respectively. We also observed that the HOMO of these derivatives increased with increasing number of thiophene unit. The energy level of the three N-carbazole endcapped derivatives were found suitable for application of hole transporting layer of OLED. The preliminary bulk heterojunction solar cell device were fabricated with compound O1 and O2. The power conversion efficiency of the device based on O1: PCBM = 1 : 2 and O2: PCBM = 1 : 4 are 0.056% and 0.045% under AM 1.5G solar simulator.
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Lin, Chih Chun, and 林致均. "Design and Synthesis of Bipolar Carbazole Derivatives and Their Applications in Organic Electroluminescent Devices." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m8kfzt.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
化學系
104
In this thesis, we focus on blue organic light emitting diodes to proceed in-depth research and discussion, and synthesize a series of blue hosts and dopants with bipolar property. The dopants discussed in Chapter 2, we use stilbene as the core of the major structure, import carbazole and phenyl amine as donor, triphenyl phosphine oxide and phenyl sulfone as acceptor, and incorporating the acceptor and donor into the molecule to achieve bipolar property. These compounds exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperature above 400 °C and glass transition temperature about 100 °C. Moreover, stilbene derivatives doped in DMPPP film show extremely high Q.Y. which indicates that energy transfer are highly efficient. The device shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (E.Q.E.) of 10.4 %, the current efficiency (C.E.) of 13.4 cd/A, and the power efficiency (P.E.) of 8.2 lm/W with the CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.16) by using DMPPP doped with 5 % DASPPO as emission layer. To further explore unusual increase in the E.Q.E., we also fabricated the device by using CBP as the host. The transient EL spectrum of CBP-devices shows large microsecond-scale delayed fluorescence via triplet-triplet annihilation. With the enhancement of delayed fluorescence, the E.Q.E. exceeded the limited efficiency of fluorescent OLEDs. The hosts are discussed in two chapters: Chapter 3 green bipolar hosts and Chapter 4 blue bipolar hosts. In Chapter 3, we used carbazole and phenyl amine as donor, phenyl sulfone as acceptor, and using the design concept of Thermally Activated Delayed Flourescence (TADF), linked the donor and acceptor by using the ortho-position of benzene, to enhance steric hindrance which allows the electron distribution of HOMO and LUMO to be separated to obtain TADF character, unfortunately the expected result was not obtained in this design. However, these compounds having enough triplet energy (2.5 eV) and good charge mobility are good bipolar hosts, therefore suitable for green phosphorescence devices. By using o-PTPAS doped with 7 % Ir(PPy)3 as emission layer, the device shows an E.Q.E. of 24.2 %, the C.E. of 89.1 cd/A, and the P.E. of 93.2 lm/W with the CIE coordinates of (0.25, 0.65). On the other hand, when 4CzIPN, a TADF material, was used as dopant, only o-PCzS has better device performance, which proves that it is difficult for host materials to be applied for both phosphorescent and TADF OLEDs. Since the design in the previous chapter could not obtain material with TADF character, some adjustments were made in Chapter 4. Two bipolar host materials BT-01 and BT-02 with TADF behavior, composed of diphenylsulphone as an electron acceptor, a m-bitolyl group as a π bridge, and carbazole with or without cyano moiety as an electron donor, were successfully synthesized and used for both blue TADF and phosphorescent OLEDs. The photophysical and theoretical studies suggest that the incorporation of a cyano group in the carbazole moiety increases the LE contribution in the CT excited state and thus greatly alters the magnitude of ΔEST. In comparison with BT-02 bearing a CN group, BT-01 exhibits TADF behavior with short delayed lifetime due to efficient reverse ISC from triplet to singlet arising from smaller ΔEST, which is favorable for efficient singlet and triplet energy transfer to emitters and the reduction of the triplet density of the host. In particular, blue TADF and phosphorescent OLEDs hosted by BT-01 achieve excellent EQEs of 25.5 and 31.8% with low turn-on voltage, respectively, significantly higher than those found for BT-02. Moreover, all the devices using BT-01 renders low efficiency roll-off at high luminance. This result can be ascribed to the efficient reverse ISC from triplet to singlet and thus the reduced TTA on host as well as the bipolar characteristic of the host. These findings demonstrate a promising design concept for the development of the host material for TADF and phosphorescent OLEDs with extremely high performance.
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Chen, Ying-Hsiao, and 陳英孝. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Pyrrole and Carbazole Derivatives." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94505471811434740475.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
99
In the first part, a series of aryl-substituted pyrrole analogues were synthesized. These pyrrole analogues emitted violet to blue light. Fluorescence and amorphous glassy properties of these pyrrole analogues were induced by manipulating the peripheral aryl groups. These crowded peripheral aryl groups would effectively prevent the fluorophores from aggregation, resulting in higher quantum efficiency and a stable emission spectrum in the solid state. One of the aryl-substituted pyrrole analogues, namely NPANPy can be used as hole-transporting material or hole- transporting/emitting material. The devices would emit blue light when the fluorophore NPANPy acts as the hole-transport-ing/emitting material. Their CIE coordinate is around (0.16, 0.14), and the maximum brightness reached 4300-5000 cd/m2. Apart from that, when the fluorophore was used only as the hole-transporting material, better device performances, were found, as compared with the standard device. In the second part, we report on the synthesis and the molecular properties of novel N-arylated (phenyl, biphenyl, stilbene, phenyl-thiophene) carbazole derivatives bearing dimesitylborane (Cz9PhB, Cz9Ph2B, Cz9SB, Cz9PhThB) for blue light-emitting diodes were reported. These four emitters emit blue light in solution and as thin films. Photo-physic and thermal properties of these blue emitters were induced by manipulating the conjugated length of the N-arylation groups, and the non-planarity of dimesitylborane moiety would effectively preclude the fluorophores from aggregation, resulting in amorphous glassy properties. Three-layer organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on Cz9SB and Cz9PhThB as emitting materials exhibited a maximum brightness of 3894 and 4763 cd/m2, respectively. Both devices gives the maximum current efficiency of 0.72 cd/A, and with a blue CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.13) and (0.15, 0.09) for Cz9SB and Cz9PhThB, respectively. In the final part, two series of random and alternating carbazole/fluorene copolymers with various dimesitylboron-containing carbazole derivative contents were synthesized for blue light-emitting diodes. Two carbazole derivatives, CzPhB and CzPhThB consisted of a carbazoyl group as the donor and a dimesitylboron group as the acceptor group, separated by phenyl and phenyl-thiophene groups
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Hsieh, Yu-Hsuan, and 謝雨軒. "Synthesis and Characterization of Carbazole Compounds and Its Application in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11795911987607678505.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
101
A series of bipolar carbazole compounds has been synthesized as the new host materials for blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLED). By the strategy of twisted conformation with single-benzene-connected molecular design, the π conjugation is interrupted which successfully maintains the large energy gap. The photophysics and electrochemical properties were investigated, and these compounds are characterized as high triplet energy host materials in PhOLED. The device with the host of compound 5 and the guest of FIpic exhibited the turn on voltage at 40 mA/cm2 of 10.08 V, luminance of 10211 cd/m2, max. current efficiency of 47.1 cd/A at 4 V, power efficiency of 41.2 lm/W at 3.5 V and the external quantum efficiency of 20.18 %.
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Lee, Te-Lun, and 李德倫. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Carbazole/Fluorene/Benzothiadiazole-Containing PPVs For Organic Polymer Light-Emitting Diode." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88939722719995762866.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
高分子科學與工程學研究所
95
In this thesis, a series of carbazole/ fluorene/ benzothiadiazole-containing PPVs system polymers was synthesized and the relationships between chemical structure design and thermal stability, optical properties, electro-chemical properties, and device performance are characterized. At first, we synthesized a novel carbazole/ fluorene containing monomer as a blue emitter, and copolymerized with a red emitter, MEHPPV. We also synthesized a MEHPPV homopolymer as comparison. We also synthesized a benzothiadiazole-containing monomer to copolymerize a tricopolymer with various ratios to obtain the relationships between chemical structure design and thermal stability, optical properties, electro-chemical properties or device performance.
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Lee, Te-Lun. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Carbazole/Fluorene/Benzothiadiazole-Containing PPVs For Organic Polymer Light-Emitting Diode." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2106200715401300.
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Chang, Gung-Pei, and 張耕培. "Syntheses, Morphologies, and Applications of Carbazole-Thiophene Conjugated Materials for Solution-Processable Organic Field-Effect Transistors." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71531031432768384472.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
102
In this thesis, three interrelated systems of solution-processable organic filed-effect transistors (OFETs) were developed from molecular design of organic semiconducting materials to their corresponding deposition techniques. The building blocks of the organic semiconductors were all based on “carbazole” and “thiophene”. Before fabricating OFET devices, the thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the studied materials were fully characterized with thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry to realize the relationships of the structure to the properties. The thin film morphologies of the studied materials as the OFET active layers were also investigated with polarizing optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction to realize the structural relationships to OFET performances. In chapter 2, a series of constant conjugated backbone (carbazole-bithiophene-carbazole, CxCzT2) oligomers were prepared with various n-alkyl chain lengths. The highest FET mobility of them was in the order of 1.2×10-1 cm2V-1s-1 via solution-casting deposition. In chapter 3, an inverse conjugated backbone based on bithiophene-carbazole-bithiophene (DH4T-Cz) was prepared and yield the highest FET mobilityin the order of 5×10-1 cm2V-1S-1 via dip-coating deposition. The thin film morphologies of DH4T-Cz can be controlled via different solution deposition techniques, and yielded different OFET performances. In chapter 4, two polystyrene-derivative polymers with grafting π-conjugated moieties (bicarbazole, PStCz2; carbazole-bithiophene-carbazole, PStCzT2Cz) were prepared as a novel class of polymeric semiconductor for OFET. The highest FET mobility was in the order of 1.1×10-3 cm2V-1s-1 via spin-coating deposition. These three interrelated developments brought economical and low-cost concepts to the molecular design of organic semiconducting materials, solution-process of OFET active layers, and high performances of OFET devices.
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Souharce, Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Triphenylamine and carbazole based hole transporting materials : and their applications in organic field effect transistors / Benjamin Souharce." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989811654/34.
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林家瑋. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Dithienothiophene- and 2,7-Carbazole-Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Cells Applications." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51301967521353175669.
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Ho, Shou-yi, and 何首毅. "A carbazole derivative as a host material with high triplet energy for phosphorescence organic light emitting diode." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35082629476490725626.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
100
Solid state lighting industry is booming in recent years because of the green energy requirement. Therefore, phosphorescent OLEDs using phosphorescent emitters doped into charge-transporting hosts as emissive layers (EMLs) have attracted extensive interest due to their highly efficient emission compared to conventional fluorescent OLEDs, through radiative harvesting of both electro-generated singlet and triplet excitons. To achieve better charge balance and device performance, many researchers focus on developing new phosphorescent host materials with bipolar charge transporting property. In this work, we successfully designed and synthesized a host material CzppT containing hole-transporting carbazole and electron-transporting pyridine and investigated the physical properties. With a high triplet energy, CzppT is considered a promising universal host material and has been applied to phosphorescent OLEDs of blue/white colors. Blue/white OLEDs based on CzppT as host and Firpic/Ir(piq)2(acac) as dopant materials show maximum external quantum efficiencies (11.0% for blue, 11.32% for white) and CIE coordinates [(0.18,0.41)for blue, (0.32,0.36) for white)]. The results indicate that the bipolar host CzppT with high triplet energy has potential in manufacturing blue and white OLEDs for display or lighting applications.
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LIN, GUAN-TING, and 林冠霆. "Bipolar host materials with carbazole and benzimidazole used in high efficiency blue phosphorescence organic light-emitting device." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h8v7k3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
光電工程學系碩士班
105
In this thesis, we demonstrated the highly efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with three bipolar host materials which were synthesized with carbazole and benzimidazole group. The carbazole group provide the great hole transporting ability and also enhance the triplet energy for blue phosphorescent emitter. Meanwhile, the benzimidazole group provide the electron transporting ability, result in the bipolar transporting characteristics of the host materials. The OELD structures were consist with TAPC as the hole transporting layer (HTL), DPPS as the electron transporting layer (ETL), mCP as the electron blocking layer (EBL), FIrpic as the blue phosphorescent emitter, and various host materials; 2-Cbzbiz, 3-Cbzbiz, and 4-Cbzbiz, as the emitting layer (EML). For device optimizations, various FIrpic concentrations were applied first and then the thickness of each layers were modified to control the recombination zone and charge balance condition. The optimums devices with various host materials showed the efficiency of 44.07 cd/A, 39.63 lm/W, and 20.42% of EQE with 2-Cbzbiz, 62.04 cd/A, 64.02 lm/W, and 28.78% of EQE with 3-Cbzbiz, and 61.94 cd/A, 63.10 lm/W, and 30.04% of EQE with 4-Cbzbiz. Furthermore, we introduced o-4Cbz to replace mCP as the blocking layer into the optimized device with 4-Cbzbiz host to improve the device efficiency in further and finally result in the device efficiency of 64.09 cd/A, 66.3 lm/W, and 30.91% of EQE.
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Yun, Lik-Ka, and 殷力嘉. "Study on blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with imidazole and carbazole derivatives as the host materials." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22734772830985149841.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
105
In this thesis, we fabricated the blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with bipolar carbazole- imidazole derivative host material, 9,9'',9''-(2-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(9H-carbazole) (o-3CbzBz) as host and iridium(III)bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2’]picolinate (FIrpic) as guest. We achieved a maximum current efficiency of 57.63 cd/A, power efficiency of 56.61 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency of 27.96% in the blue PhOLED with o-3CbzBz as host material. Then, we achieved a maximum current efficiency of 62.56 cd/A, power efficiency of 61.52 lm/W, external quantum efficiency of 30.38%, and 2-times increase in operation lifetime with the mixing layer of o-3CbzBz and 2,2''-bis(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (BImBP) as host material. By using 1,3,5-Tri(m-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) as the electron-transporting material, we achieved a maximum current efficiency of 56.20 cd/A, power efficiency of 55.55 lm/W, external quantum efficiency of 26.85 %, and 4-times increase in operation lifetime in the blue PhOLED.