Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity"

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Kawase, Misa, Tomohiro Shibata, Shouhei Masuu, Masaki Yamaguchi, Yoshimasa Matsumura, Osamu Shimomura, and Atsushi Ohtaka. "Expression of Reaction Selectivity and the Substituent Effect in Ullmann, Suzuki, Hiyama, and Allylic Arylation Reactions Caused by Reducing Catalyst Loading." Catalysts 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071115.

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The control of stereo-, regio-, and chemo-selectivity in transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions is a key topic in organic synthesis. Several methods for controlling selectivity have been reported thus far. On the other hand, the reduction of catalyst loading during reactions is one of the most important issues in organic synthesis from the standpoint of green sustainable chemistry. As another advantage of reducing catalyst loading, the expression of reaction selectivity and the substituent effect caused by the reduction of catalyst loading to the parts-per-million (ppm) level in various catalytic reactions is presented herein.
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Tung, Chen-Ho, Li-Zhu Wu, Li-Ping Zhang, Hong-Ru Li, Xiu-Yu Yi, Kai Song, Ming Xu, et al. "Microreactor-controlled selectivity in organic photochemical reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 12 (January 1, 2000): 2289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072122289.

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Molecular-sieve zeolites, Nafion membranes, low-density polyethylene films, and mixed surfactant vesicles have been used as microreactors to carry out organic photochemical reactions. The photo-cycloadditions of diaryl compounds with long flexible chains included in NaY zeolite or low-density polyethylene films yield intramolecular photocyclomers to the exclusion of intermolecular products. The photosensitized oxidation of alkenes included in pentasil zeolites or Nafion membranes or vesicles can be directed selectively toward either the singlet oxygen-mediated or the superoxide radical anion-mediated products by controlling the status and location of the substrate and sensitizer molecules in the reaction media. The photo-Fries rearrangement of phenyl phenylacetates included within NaY and pentasil zeolites or Nafion membranes gives either ortho-hydroxyphenones or decarbonylation products depending on the size/shape of the microreactors and the substrate molecules. All these results demonstrate the utility of microreactors to control the product selectivity in organic photochemical reactions.
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Chao, T. M., Jon Baker, W. J. Hehre, and S. D. Kahn. "Models for selectivity in organic reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199163020283.

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Lee, Sanha, and Jonathan M. Goodman. "VRAI-selectivity: calculation of selectivity beyond transition state theory." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 17 (2021): 3940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob00234a.

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Guo, Richard, Romelo Gibe, and James R. Green. "Mono- and disubstitutions of (hepta-2,5-diyne-1,7-diol) bis(dicobalt) derivatives — Selectivity in Nicholas reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-209.

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Bis(hexacarbonyldicobalt) complexes of benzyl ether – methyl ether or benzyl ether – acetate derivatives of hepta-2,5-diyne-1,7-diols undergo selective Lewis-acid-mediated Nicholas reactions with enol silanes, silyl ketene acetals, and allylstannanes, preferentially replacing the methyl ether or acetate function. Hydride nucleophiles are similarly incorporated selectively using a benzyl ether – alcohol derivative. Subsequent Nicholas reaction at the benzyloxy-bearing site may be accomplished with an identical or a different nucleophile, affording skipped 1,4-diyne-Co4(CO)12 complexes. In instances of lower selectivity for monosubstitution reactions with benzyl ethers, reverting to the use of a menthyl ether – methyl ether complex gives much improved selectivity for methyl ether substitution.Key words: cobalt alkyne complexes, Nicholas reaction, Lewis acids, 1,4-diynes.
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Venkatesham, Akkaladevi, Sambasiva Rao Pillalamarri, Flore De Wit, Eveline Lescrinier, Zeger Debyser, and Arthur Van Aerschot. "Propargylated Purine Deoxynucleosides: New Tools for Fluorescence Imaging Strategies." Molecules 24, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030468.

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In vivo imaging of biological processes is an important asset of modern cell biology. Selectively reacting fluorophores herein are an important tool and click chemistry reactions take a large share in these events. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) is well known for visualizing DNA replication, but does not show any selectivity for incorporation into DNA. Striving for specific visualization of virus replication, in particular HIV replication, a series of propargylated purine deoxynucleosides were prepared aiming for selective incorporation by HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). We here report on the synthesis and preliminary biological effects (cellular toxicity, HIV inhibitory effects, and feasibility of the click reaction) of these nucleoside analogues.
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Cooper, Alasdair K., Paul M. Burton, and David J. Nelson. "Nickel versus Palladium in Cross-Coupling Catalysis: On the Role of Substrate Coordination to Zerovalent Metal Complexes." Synthesis 52, no. 04 (December 19, 2019): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690045.

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A detailed comparison of the effect of coordinating functional groups on the performance of Suzuki–Miyaura reactions catalysed by nickel and palladium is reported, using competition experiments, robustness screening, and density functional theory calculations. Nickel can interact with a variety of functional groups, which manifests as selectivity in competitive cross-coupling reactions. The presence of these functional groups on exogenous additives has effects on cross-coupling reactions that range from a slight improvement in yield to the complete cessation of the reaction. In contrast, palladium does not interact sufficiently strongly with these functional groups to induce selectivity in cross-coupling reactions; the selectivity of palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions is predominantly governed by aryl halide electronic properties.
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Shaik, Sason S. "Intrinsic selectivity and its geometric significance in SN2 reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-016.

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An intrinsic selectivity is defined for identity SN2 reactions (X− + RX → XR + X−). This selectivity parameter is shown to yield information about: (a) the average looseness of the TS geometry in a reaction series; and (b) the sensitivity of the reaction series to geometric loosening.
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Ormazábal-Toledo, Rodrigo, and Renato Contreras. "Philicity and Fugality Scales for Organic Reactions." Advances in Chemistry 2014 (August 18, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541547.

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Theoretical scales of reactivity and selectivity are important tools to explain and to predict reactivity patterns, including reaction mechanisms. The main achievement of these efforts has been the incorporation of such concepts in advanced texts of organic chemistry. In this way, the modern organic chemistry language has become more quantitative, making the classification of organic reactions an easier task. The reactivity scales are also useful to set up a number of empirical rules that help in rationalizing and in some cases anticipating the possible reaction mechanisms that can be operative in a given organic reaction. In this review, we intend to give a brief but complete account on this matter, introducing the conceptual basis that leads to the definition of reactivity indices amenable to build up quantitative models of reactivity in organic reactions. The emphasis is put on two basic concepts describing electron-rich and electron-deficient systems, namely, nucleophile and electrophiles. We then show that the regional nucleophilicity and electrophilicity become the natural descriptors of electrofugality and nucleofugality, respectively. In this way, we obtain a closed body of concepts that suffices to describe electron releasing and electron accepting molecules together with the description of permanent and leaving groups in addition, nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions.
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Clennan, Edward L., and Xiangning Chen. "Geminal selectivity in singlet oxygen reactions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, no. 13 (June 1988): 3124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00248a044.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity"

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Lu, Wenshuo 1971. "Organometallic reactions in aqueous media : reactivity, selectivity and synthetic applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38077.

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Because of the concern for the environment and the search for the synthetic efficiency, the metal-mediated aqueous carbon-carbon bond formation reactions were studied. By employing sulfonimines, the scope of the metal-mediated aqueous Barbier-type allylation reactions was expanded to C=N electrophiles and the regio- and stereoselectivities of these reactions were examined.
The stereochemical factors in the indium-mediated aqueous Barbier-type allylation reactions of sulfonimines were investigated, and chelation control was observed and applied in the stereoselective crotylation reactions. By using chiral-modified sulfonimines or sulfinimines, the asymmetric aqueous Barbier-type allylation reaction of C=N electrophiles was also studied.
Highly regioselective propargylation reactions of sulfonimines mediated by zinc were discovered through the coupling of propargylic bromides with sulfonimines in aqueous media. Beyond the allylation transformations, zinc was also found as the metal of choice for the mediation of the Barbier-type benzylation reaction of sulfonimines and the coupling reaction of aldehydes with alpha-bromoacetonitriles in aqueous media.
The indium-mediated aqueous coupling reaction of 1,4-dibromobut-2-yne with aldehydes was demonstrated to be a concise way for the synthesis of 1,3-dien-ol compounds. Further synthetic applications of this reaction including the intro-molecular Diels-Alder reactions were preliminarily studied.
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Poingdestre, Sarah-Jane. "Exploring and exploiting selectivity in rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2993627-6550-42a5-b6e1-9d63f8268dbb.

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Chapter 1 is an overview of the key developments in rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation. The main focus of this chapter is the use of various chelation strategies for the stabilisation of key rhodium-acyl intermediates. In addition, the more recent emergence of regioselective hydroacylation processes has been highlighted. Chapter 2 discloses the branched-selective intermolecular hydroacylation of 1,3-dienes and S-chelating aldehydes to afford synthetically useful 1,5-dione products. The evaluation of a number of different phosphine ligands for this process identifies a correlation between ligand bite angle and reaction regioselectivity. Chapter 3 discusses the development of a linear-selective hydroacylation process for previously challenging alkyne substrates. This, in combination with a complementary branched-selective process, provides a ligand-controlled regioselectivity switch between the branched and linear pathways. Finally, Chapter 4 details efforts towards the development of multicomponent, tandem processes through exploitation of our synthetically useful branched hydroacylation adducts.
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Ganguly, Bishwajit. "Theoretical Studies Of pie-Facial Selectivity In Organic Reactions." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/120.

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he thesis entitled "Theoretical Studies of pie-Facial Selectivity in Organic Reactions" involve a computational examination of a suitable reactivity problem in organic chemistry. Systematic and efficient -procedures have been developed and tested for rationalizing observed face selectivities in numerous substrates. In a number of cases precise transition state structures have also been computed in a rigorous manner. The molecules examined are by and large sterically unbiased. Considerable emphasis has been placed on obtaining general interpretations, In particular, the relative contributions of various sterio electronic and electrostatic effect have been considered in detail.Predictions of a-face selectivities haw also been made in a few cases. In recent years many mildly perturbed substrates have been shown to undergo pie-face selective reactions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the available experimental result involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical and Diels- Alder reactions.The current status of theoretical understanding of theae rasults is also summarized.The discussion includes qualitative proposal as well as quantitative calculations on selected substrates. The principal goals of the present work and general features of the MO methods used are briefly discussed.
Due to some technical problem in title page pie symbal is written as pie in word.
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Ganguly, Bishwajit. "Theoretical Studies Of pie-Facial Selectivity In Organic Reactions." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/120.

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he thesis entitled "Theoretical Studies of pie-Facial Selectivity in Organic Reactions" involve a computational examination of a suitable reactivity problem in organic chemistry. Systematic and efficient -procedures have been developed and tested for rationalizing observed face selectivities in numerous substrates. In a number of cases precise transition state structures have also been computed in a rigorous manner. The molecules examined are by and large sterically unbiased. Considerable emphasis has been placed on obtaining general interpretations, In particular, the relative contributions of various sterio electronic and electrostatic effect have been considered in detail.Predictions of a-face selectivities haw also been made in a few cases. In recent years many mildly perturbed substrates have been shown to undergo pie-face selective reactions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the available experimental result involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical and Diels- Alder reactions.The current status of theoretical understanding of theae rasults is also summarized.The discussion includes qualitative proposal as well as quantitative calculations on selected substrates. The principal goals of the present work and general features of the MO methods used are briefly discussed.
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Diart, Valerie. "The control of selectivity in free radical reactions : a mechanistic and synthetic approach." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283194.

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Sovdat, Tina. "Toward understanding speed, efficiency and selectivity in retinal photochemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfa19bb3-b399-4d26-9b9a-0ca1ff34dfa2.

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This Thesis describes the synthesis, structural, photochemical and photophysical studies of modified retinal protonated Schiff bases in solution. Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, NMR and circular dichroism studies were employed to investigate speed, yield and selectivity of photoisomerisation in these chromophores. Chapter 1 introduces relevant biological, photophysical and photochemical aspects of retinal protonated Schiff base photoisomerisation. It includes an overview of synthetic approaches to modified retinal synthesis pertinent to this this work. Chapter 2 discuses the investigation of the hypothesis that twisting of the chromophore’s isomerising double bond is responsible for ultrafast photoisomerisation in the protein environment. In these studies it was discovered that addition of a methyl group to the retinal backbone in solution results in protein-like photophysics. Chapter 3 presents photopysical and photochemical studies of modified all-trans retinal protonated Schiff bases that culminate in a qualitative model for the influence of electronic factors on photochemical and photophysical behaviour of these chromophores in solution. Chapter 4 describes structural and photophysical investigations of 11-cis retinal protonated Schiff bases. NMR studies indicate conformational flexibility of the chromophores. The first synthetic solution-based chromophore to reach rhodopsins’s speed of photoisomerisation is described. Chapter 5 presents an attempt to gain conformational information on retinal protonated Schiff bases using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Transfer of stereochemical information from the covalently attached stereogenic centre to the retinal backbone is demonstrated.
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Scatena, Gabriel dos Santos. "Multicomponent approach to silica-grafted peptide catalysts : A 3 D continuous-flow organocatalytic system with on-line monitoring of conversion and stereo-selectivity." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8017.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
The derivatization of organocatalysts with functional appendages suitable to anchor onto solid supports is usually achieved by stepwise syntheses. As an alternative to such a strategy, this work describes a one-pot approach to silylated prolyl-peptide catalysts by a multicomponent reaction that enables the simultaneous incorporation of the catalytic and the heterogenizable (triethoxysilane) moieties. A microreactor with high catalytic efficacy and reproducibly in the conjugate addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins was obtained by grafting onto HPLC-grade silica (10 μm) and packing into a column with a selected catalyst. A 3 D continuous-flow system that includes the on-line monitoring of the reaction outcome was set up. For that, the microreactor was coupled to a chromatographic column for the separation of the remaining substrates from the Michael adduct in the second dimension, followed by a chiral polysaccharide column for the analysis of conversion and stereoselectivity. This approach represents a new instrumental setup that combines the advantages of multidimensional chromatography and flow catalysis.
A derivação de Organocatalisadores com apêndices funcionais adequados para ancorar em suportes sólidos é geralmente obtida por síntese “passo a passo”. Como uma alternativa para tal estratégia, este trabalho descreve uma abordagem de síntese one-pot de catalisadores prolil-peptio sililados através de uma reação multicomponentes, que permite a incorporação simultânea do sítio catalítico e o grupo funcional de ancoragem (trietoxisilano). Um micro-reactor foi obtido, tendo elevada eficácia catalítica e reprodutibilidade, na adição conjugada de aldeídos a nitro-olefinas, enxertando sobre sílica de grau HPLC (10 um) e preenchendo uma coluna com um catalisador escolhido. Um sistema de fluxo contínuo 3D que inclui a monitoração em linha do resultado da reação foi ajustado para cima. Para isso, o micro-reator foi acoplado a uma coluna cromatográfica para a separação dos substratos restantes do aduto de Michael na segunda dimensão, seguido por uma coluna de polissacarídeo quiral para a análise de conversão e estereosselectividade. Essa abordagem representa uma nova configuração do instrumento que combina as vantagens de cromatografia multidimensional e reações catálisadas em fluxo.
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Dimitroff, Martin. "Studies in [pi]-facial selectivity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq20997.pdf.

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Michaud, Stephanie. "Exploring cathepsin B selectivity using epoxysuccinyl inhibitors." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37782.

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There is accumulating evidence that cysteine proteinase activity plays an important role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Extracellular cysteine proteases, in particular cathepsin B, have been implicated in a variety of pathological processes involving tissue remodeling states, such as inflammation, parasite infection, and tumor metastasis, by degradation of extracellular matrix components. As such, increasing efforts are directed toward the development of inhibitors that are specific to the enzyme cathepsin B in order to both dissect out the role of the enzyme in these pathological processes and as potential therapeutic agents.
Unlike other members of the papain superfamily of enzymes, cathepsin B has a unique 18-residue insertion loop termed the "occluding loop" which sits over the primed subsites of the enzyme. It has now been well established that this loop is responsible for cathepsin B's unique dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase activity due to the presence of two positively charged residues, His110 and His111, that anchor the C-terminus of peptide substrates and allow the enzyme to carry out its carboxypeptidase activity. It has been demonstrated that this loop is a flexible segment that can move up and out of the way in order to accommodate binding of larger molecules such as the propeptide. Close examination of the x-ray crystal structure of the mature enzyme indicates the presence of an electrostatic interaction between the side chain of the main chain residue Asp22 and the imidazole ring of the occluding loop residue His110. This salt bridge acts as latch between the loop "open" and loop "closed" conformations of the enzyme.
It has been postulated that the development of inhibitors which interact with the "occluding loop" might provide highly selective inhibitors for cathepsin B and in fact cathepsin B-specific epoxysuccinyl inhibitors have been made which exploit the interaction of between a negatively charged carboxylate at P2' and the two positively charged histidine residues of the occluding loop. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have dissected out the individual contributions of the two occluding loop histidine residues (His110 and His111). The effect of pH on these interactions has also been evaluated and it has been shown that increasing pH results in increased loop flexibility and diminished inhibitor potency.
Further structure-activity relationships for epoxysuccinyl inhibitors were also established by varying our inhibitor design template both in the P1' and P2' positions using known substrate specificities in these positions. Extension of the inhibitor template into the unprimed subsite region yielded the most potent epoxysuccinyl inhibitor to cathepsin B reported to date (BzlNH-Phe-NH-(2 S,3S)-tEps-Leu-Pro-OH: k2/Ki 2 900 000 +/- 300 000 M-1s-1).
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Ferguson, Douglas. "Selectivity of aryl and benzylic bromination." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340755.

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Books on the topic "Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity"

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A, Paquette Leo, ed. Organic reactions. London: Wiley, 1990.

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A, Paquette Leo, ed. Organic reactions. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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S, Kende Andrew, ed. Organic reactions. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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S, Kende Andrew, ed. Organic reactions. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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A, Paquette Leo, ed. Organic reactions. New York: Wiley, 1990.

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A, Paquette Leo, ed. Organic reactions. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1991.

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Ruff, F. Organic reactions. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

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A, Paquette Leo, ed. Organic reactions. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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1965-, Plagens Andreas, ed. Named organic reactions. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005.

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Laue, Thomas. Named organic reactions. Chichester: Wiley, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity"

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Vollhardt, Peter, and Neil Schore. "Reactions of Alkenes." In Organic Chemistry, 853–961. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-19197-9_12.

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Vollhardt, Peter, and Neil Schore. "Reactions of Alkanes." In Organic Chemistry, 158–217. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-19197-9_3.

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Sarker, Satyajit D., and Lutfun Nahar. "Organic Reactions." In Chemistry for Pharmacy Students, 191–282. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687529.ch5.

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Vollhardt, Peter, and Neil Schore. "Further Reactions of Haloalkanes." In Organic Chemistry, 429–88. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-19197-9_7.

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Carey, Francis A., and Richard J. Sundberg. "Concerted Reactions." In Advanced Organic Chemistry, 595–650. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9795-3_11.

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Jouvet, C., and M. Boivineau. "Chemistry and van der Waals Complexes." In Selectivity in Chemical Reactions, 341–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3047-6_18.

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Kyriacou, Demetrios. "Cathodic Organic Reactions." In Modern Electroorganic Chemistry, 110–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78677-8_3.

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Vollhardt, Peter, and Neil Schore. "Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes." In Organic Chemistry, 366–428. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-19197-9_6.

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Sharp, J. T., I. Gosney, and A. G. Rowley. "Carrying out reactions." In Practical Organic Chemistry, 8–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0819-2_2.

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Carey, Francis A., and Richard J. Sundberg. "Free-Radical Reactions." In Advanced Organic Chemistry, 651–727. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9795-3_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity"

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Yoshida, Jun-ichi, and Aiichiro Nagaki. "Flash Chemistry - Fast Chemical Synthesis in Micro Flow Systems." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82157.

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Flash chemistry is a field of chemical synthesis where extremely fast reactions are conducted in a highly controlled manner. A key element of flash chemistry is the control of extremely fast reactions to obtain the desired products selectively. For extremely fast reactions, kinetics often cannot be used because of the lack of homogeneity of the reaction environment when they are conducted in conventional reactors such as flasks. Fast micromixing by virtue of short diffusion path solves such problems. Fast reactions are usually highly exothermic, and heat removal is an important factor in controlling such reactions. Heat transfer occurs very rapidly in micro flow systems by virtue of a large surface area per unit volume, making precise temperature control possible. Another important point is that fast reactions often involve highly unstable intermediates, which decompose very quickly, making reaction control difficult. The residence time can be greatly reduced in micro flow systems, and this feature is quite effective in controlling such reactions. The concept of flash chemistry has been successfully applied to various organic reactions for synthesis including (a) reactions in which undesired byproducts are produced in the subsequent reactions in conventional reactors, (b) highly exothermic reactions that are difficult to control in conventional reactors, and (c) reactions in which a reactive intermediate easily decomposes in conventional reactors. The concept of flash chemistry can be also applied to polymer synthesis. Cationic polymerization can be conducted with an excellent level of molecular-weight control and molecular-weight distribution control. Radical polymerization in micro flow systems leads to better molecular weight distribution control than macro batch systems. Anionic polymerization can also be carried out micro flow systems at higher temperatures than macro batch systems with high degree of molecular weight distribution control.
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Horikoshi, Satoshi. "ELUCIDATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EFFECT AND OUTGOING OF FUTURE TREND IN MICROWAVE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9783.

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The German chemist Theodor Grotthuss was the first to formulate the first law of photochemistry in 1817; he postulated that a reaction could be driven by light when the energy of light is absorbed by molecules [1]. After that, photochemistry has greatly contributed to the development of photography. In addition, second laws of photochemistry (Stark-Einstein law) was enacted, and these two laws have elevated photochemistry as an academic (science) discipline over the last one hundred years. In addition, because of advances in light sources and various devices (engineering), such materials and processes as photocatalysts, organic solar cells, photopolymerization, quantum dots, and photochromism (among others) are currently being applied in various other fields. The next significant surge in chemistry is microwave chemistry wherein microwaves, which represent electromagnetic waves other than light, were introduced as a driving force in the chemical reaction domain in the late 1980s. There are three characteristics in this chemistry when using microwaves. The first is the high heating efficiency caused by the energy of the microwaves that directly reach and are absorbed by the substance. The second is the selectivity with which a specific substrate is heated, while the third characteristic is the enhancement of chemical syntheses by the microwaves’ electromagnetic wave energy, often referred to as the microwave effect (or non-thermal effect). The phenomenon of the microwave effect (third characteristic) impacting chemical reactions has been summarized in much of the relevant literature, however, the reason why the microwave effect has not been clarified to anyone’s satisfaction is that the term microwave effect in microwave chemistry includes numerous factors. In order to fix microwaves in the chemical field, it is urgent to develop laws of “microwavechemistry”, and to do it is necessary to systematization against the phenomenas of electromagnetic waves for materials and reactions. One of the reasons for the dramatic growth in photochemistry is the development of high power laser technology. In recent years, coherent semiconductor generator with the generating high power microwaves have become easy to get, so “microwavechemistry” can proceed to the next stage. We examined that the phenomena as microwave electromagnetic waves in chemical reactions by using a semiconductor generator and a power sensor. And, it clarified that the reaction rate and yield of a very small part of the chemical reaction change with the unique phenomenon to electromagnetic waves [2]. On the other hand, generally, as plants, enzymes, biological substances temperature rises, it inhibits growth and reaction. This phenomenon was used to overcome the electromagnetic wave effect. We have succeeded in improving these activities by irradiating weak microwaves which do not increase these temperatures [3]. If microwave heating is given to them, it will work negatively. In this invited presentation, it introduces the possibility of electromagnetic wave effect(s) in these and explain its industrial application.
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De Oliveira Vigier, Karine, Christophe Coutanceau, and Steve Baranton. "Electro-oxidation of glycerol and diglycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based electrocatalyst follows by the reductive amination of the products obtained." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/olba8004.

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The selective electro-oxidation of bio-based organic molecules such as glycerol, polyglycerols, saccharides and furanic compounds has received particular attention in recent years, due to the high value-added compounds that result and their numerous industrial applications. Electrochemical methods are therefore well suited for the controlled oxidation of small organic molecules in aqueous media. Glycerol valorization through partial oxidation is a good way of obtaining many different molecules with high added value such as glyceric acid, tartronic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde etc., that can find various applications in different domains such as organic chemistry, medical, and cosmetic industries. Here we have studied the electro-oxidation of glycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based catalysts. The development of mono- and bimetallic catalysts based on platinum on the one hand and palladium on the other hand for the electro-oxidation of glycerol is a very important goal to direct the reaction pathways to desired products.            Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method were characterized by physicochemical (TEM, XRD, ATG, SAA and ICP-OES) and electrochemical (active surface and surface composition study) methods in order to obtain a correlation between surface structure and electrochemical response. The reactivity of glycerol and diglycerol in alkaline medium was evaluated to determine the catalyst offering the best conversion. A selectivity study of these catalysts was performed by in situ infrared spectroscopy to determine the reaction intermediates. The distribution of reaction products was determined by HPLC analysis and 1H and 13C NMR analyses.            Reductive amination reactions with ammonia on the one hand and n-butylamine on the other hand on products identified as being of interest (glyceraldehyde/dihydroxyacetone) were carried out in the presence of hydrogen and catalyzed by palladium-based nanoparticles dispersed on carbon.
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SANFORD, MELANIE. "CONTROLLING SELECTIVITY AND REACTIVITY IN CATALYTIC C–H FUNCTIONALIZATION REACTIONS." In 24th International Solvay Conference on Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813237179_0003.

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Stadlbauer, Wolfgang, Susanne Prattes, and A. Täubl. "DSC Assisted Organic Thermolysis Reactions." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02017.

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Paz, Manuel M. "The Reactions of Mitomycin C with Dithiols III. Mysterious Reactions." In The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-14-00484.

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Sasaki, Shigeki, Fumi Nagatsugi, Monsur Ali, Sayaka Mori, and Shizuka Nakayama. "Molecular design for DNA hybridization-promoted reactions with high efficiency and selectivity." In XIIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200507115.

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Ramasami, Ponnadurai, Lydia Rhyman, John Joule, and Luis Domingo. "Theoretical Studies on Cycloaddition Reactions." In The 17th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-17-e022.

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Stadlbauer, Wolfgang, and Naresh Badgujar. "Reactions of Acetoacetates With Electron-deficient Anilines." In The 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-11-01330.

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Zelentsov, Sergei, Nadezda Zelentsova, and Yuri Semchikov. "On the Mechanism of Microwave Initiated Reactions." In The 8th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-8-01988.

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Reports on the topic "Organic Chemistry Reactions - Selectivity"

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Desbarats, A. J., and J. B. Percival. Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331256.

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Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec, Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.
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