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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic chemistry - Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dai, Mingji, Xinpei Cai, and Yu Bai. "Total Syntheses of Spinosyn A." Synlett 29, no. 20 (September 7, 2018): 2623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610249.

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Spinosyn A is an important polycyclic natural product with impressive insecticidal activity and has been used worldwide in agriculture as the major component of Spinosad. Herein, four chemical total syntheses of spinosyn A are summarized. Its biosynthesis and a chemoenzymatic total synthesis are discussed as well.1 Biosynthesis2 The Evans Synthesis3 The Paquette Synthesis4 The Roush Synthesis5 The Liu Synthesis6 The Dai Synthesis7 Conclusions

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Kaur, Navjeet. "Photochemical Reactions for the Synthesis of Six-Membered O-Heterocycles." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 3 (April 27, 2018): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666171011160355.

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Background: The chemists have been interested in light as an energy source to induce chemical reactions since the beginning of the scientific chemistry. This review summarizes the chemistry of photochemical reactions with emphasis of their synthetic applications. The organic photochemical reactions avoid the polluting or toxic reagents and therefore offer perspectives for sustainable processes and green chemistry. In summary, this review article describes the synthesis of a number of six-membered O-heterocycles. Objective: Photochemistry is indeed a great tool synthetic chemists have at their disposal. The formation of byproducts was diminished under photochemical substrate activation that usually occurred without additional reagents. Photochemical irradiation is becoming more interesting day by day because of easy purification of the products as well as green chemistry. Conclusion: This review article represents the high applicability of photochemical reactions for organic synthesis and research activities in organic photochemistry. The synthesis of heterocyclic molecules has been outlined in this review. Traditional approaches require expensive or highly specialized equipment or would be of limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their highly inconvenient approaches. Photochemistry can be used to prepare a number of heterocycles selectively, efficiently and in high yield.

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Muldakhmetov, Z. М. "Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry: the present state and development prospects." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 94, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019ch2/88-104.

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4

Elgemeie, Galal H., and Doaa M. Masoud. "Recent trends in microwave assisted synthesis of fluorescent dyes." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2015-0036.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the most popular technique nowadays, the use of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis; in a few years, most chemists will use microwave energy to heat chemical reactions on a laboratory scale. Also, many scientists use microwave technology in the industry. They have turned to microwave synthesis as a frontline methodology for their projects. Microwave and microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a new “lead” in organic synthesis. Design/methodology/approach Using microwave radiation for synthesis and design of fluorescent dyes is of great interest, as it decreases the time required for synthesis and the synthesized dyes can be applied to industrial scale. Findings The technique offers many advantages, as it is simple, clean, fast, efficient and economical for the synthesis of a large number of organic compounds. These advantages encourage many chemists to switch from the traditional heating method to microwave-assisted chemistry. Practical implications This review highlights applications of microwave chemistry in organic synthesis for fluorescent dyes. Fluorescents are a fairly new and very heavily used class of organics. These materials have many applications, as a penetrant liquid for crack detection, synthetic resins, plastics, printing inks, non-destructive testing and sports ball dyeing. Originality/value The aim value of this review is to define the scope and limitation of microwave synthesis procedures for the synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes via a simple and economic way.

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Huang, Jianhui, Caifeng Li, Liu Liu, and Xuegang Fu. "Norbornene in Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 50, no. 15 (June 25, 2018): 2799–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610143.

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The norbornene skeleton possesses an alkene functionality with a fixed conformation, and represents unique reactivity. The use of norbornene and analogues as substrates is overviewed; reactivities are discussed as well as the role of norbornenes as ligands assisting modern organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornenes2.1 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes by Deprotonation and Substitution Reactions2.2 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes under Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction Conditions2.3 Alkylation of Norbornene2.4 Multistep Synthesis3 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornanes3.1 Three-Membered-Ring Formation3.2 Formation of Four-Membered Rings3.3 Five- and Six-Membered Ring Formation3.4 Syntheses of Difunctionalized Norbornanes4 Synthesis of Cyclopentanes4.1 Oxidation Reactions4.2 Ring-Opening Cross Metathesis (ROCM)4.3 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)4.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Norbornene5 Norbornene-Mediated Reactions5.1 Palladium Insertion into Carbon–Halide Bonds5.2 Palladium Insertion into N–H and C–H Bonds5.3 Norbornene as Ligand in Mediated Reactions6 Conclusion

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Ley, Steven V., Richard J. Ingham, Matthew O’Brien, and Duncan L. Browne. "Camera-enabled techniques for organic synthesis." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (May 31, 2013): 1051–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.118.

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A great deal of time is spent within synthetic chemistry laboratories on non-value-adding activities such as sample preparation and work-up operations, and labour intensive activities such as extended periods of continued data collection. Using digital cameras connected to computer vision algorithms, camera-enabled apparatus can perform some of these processes in an automated fashion, allowing skilled chemists to spend their time more productively. In this review we describe recent advances in this field of chemical synthesis and discuss how they will lead to advanced synthesis laboratories of the future.

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Takahashi, Takashi, and Takayuki Doi. "Combinatorial Chemistry in Organic Synthesis." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 60, no. 5 (2002): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.60.426.

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8

Hong, Ro Bin, and Hong Mei Wang. "Development of Experimental System in Organic Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3207.

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Organic synthesis chemistry is a very fast-growing discipline and it plays a very important role in chemistry. With the development of organic synthetic chemistry, organic synthesis device has also made greater development. At the same time, advances of organic synthesis device further promote the development of organic synthetic chemistry. This paper describes the working principle and system architecture of organic synthesis device and takes a case of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). At last, I foresee great prospect for organic synthesis

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9

Meng, Yan-Ping, Shi-Meng Wang, Wan-Yin Fang, Zhi-Zhong Xie, Jing Leng, Hamed Alsulami, and Hua-Li Qin. "Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride (ESF) and Its Derivatives in SuFEx Click Chemistry and More." Synthesis 52, no. 05 (December 9, 2019): 673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690038.

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The sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange reaction (SuFEx), developed by Sharpless and co-workers in 2014, is a new category of click reaction that creates molecular connections with absolute reliability and unprecedented efficiency through a sulfur(VI) hub. Ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF), as one of the most important sulfur(VI) hubs, exhibits extraordinary reactivity in SuFEx click chemistry and organic synthesis. This review summarizes the chemical properties and applications of ESF in click chemistry, organic chemistry, materials science, medicinal chemistry and in many other fields related to organic synthesis.1 Introduction2 Chemical Transformations of ESF3 Chemical Transformations of 2-Arylethenesulfonyl Fluorides4 Novel SuFEx Reagents Derived from ESF5 Applications of ESF Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry6 Applications of ESF Derivatives in Materials Science7 Conclusion

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10

Salame, Issa I., Pauline Casino, and Natasha Hodges. "Examining Challenges that Students Face in Learning Organic Chemistry Synthesis." International Journal of Chemistry Education Research 3, no. 3 (May 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijcer.vol4.iss1.art1.

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Organic chemistry is the offered after general chemistry and is the course that many find it challenging and difficult. Synthesis is first introduced in organic chemistry I course and is widely considered as one of the topics in which students struggle with and is evident in their performance in the topic. Our method of data collection is a Likert-type and open-ended questionnaire that was distributed at the end organic chemistry I course in an anonymous fashion. The collected data enabled us to examine the challenges students face in learning organic chemistry synthesis. Our findings support the notion that students have many difficulties with multistep organic chemistry synthesis including challenges recalling all of the varied required reactions, the amount of content and topics covered in organic chemistry, conceptual understanding of needed important topics such as mechanisms, acids and bases, nucleophiles and electrophiles, and stereochemistry, and problem-solving competency. Students view organic chemistry synthesis as challenging because of their reliance on memorization of a large number of reactions, reagents, and rules, poor conceptual understanding of the topics, ineffective teaching methods which lacks active learning and student engagement, and the myriad number of possible pathways to solve synthesis problems. Our participants suggest that memorization and rote-learning plays an important role in the learning of multistep organic synthesis, which might cause a hindrance to process of learning and can impede students’ problem-solving ability.

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Sydnes, Leiv K. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20118303vi.

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The 18th International Conference of Organic Synthesis (ICOS-18) was held in Bergen, Norway on 1-6 August 2010, under the auspices of IUPAC and with cosponsorship of the Norwegian Chemical Society and the Research Council of Norway. The structure of the meeting was in keeping with the tradition that has developed for the ICOS series of conferences, with a scientific backbone of lectures including the Thieme-IUPAC Prize Lecture, poster sessions, and exhibitions. Due to valuable help from members of the International Advisory Board, plenary and invited lectures were delivered by chemists from 22 different countries from all around the world. The talks covered most aspects of modern organic synthesis, from new delicate methodologies based on mechanistic understanding, via greatly improved synthesis technologies and exciting total syntheses, to the application of organic synthesis to meet challenges in bioorganic chemistry and the life sciences.There were two new features at this meeting. One was a section of five parallel sessions with short talks given mainly by young chemists from 22 countries. This event was expected to be a challenge to execute because, after all, we like to talk about chemistry without paying attention to the time, but thanks to the speakers’ exemplary discipline the chairs could be lenient in a firm fashion. Collectively, the short presentations showed that a wide range of new and brave ideas are investigated by the young colleagues, which indicate that organic synthesis is heading toward a bright future. The second addition was the Thieme-IUPAC Poster Prize, five in total, to the best posters presented at the conference as judged by an international committee of outstanding synthetic chemists.The papers published in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) give a good cross-section of topics covered at ICOS-18. I am grateful to all colleagues for their interesting contributions, which are instrumental in helping IUPAC disseminate cutting-edge research to the enormous group of organic chemists that did not come to the conference. When you read the papers you will find reviews with excellent examples of natural-product syntheses, new synthetic methodologies, applications of organic synthesis in biological research, and development of new materials with exciting functional properties. But you will also come across interesting papers that are more like traditional publications found in journals other than PAC; the reason for this being that invitations were also extended to selected younger chemists to contribute papers based upon short talks (the scope of which was of course narrower than that of invited lectures), and they responded with enthusiasm. I am sure you will find interesting material there as well.ICOS-18 certainly nourished the organic synthetic chemists’ professional development through lectures, poster presentations, and discussions dealing with the cutting-edge advances in organic synthesis. There are many that are looking forward to the next meal, to be served when ICOS-19 opens in Melbourne, Australia, on 1 July 2012 (www.icos19.com).Leiv K. SydnesConference Editor

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12

Kelly, D. R. "Studies in organic chemistry 41. Organic chemistry in action. The design of organic synthesis." Endeavour 15, no. 3 (January 1991): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(91)90171-7.

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13

Bose, Anima, and Prasenjit Mal. "Mechanochemistry of supramolecules." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (April 12, 2019): 881–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.86.

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The urge to use alternative energy sources has gained significant attention in the eye of chemists in recent years. Solution-based traditional syntheses are extremely useful, although they are often associated with certain disadvantages like generation of waste as by-products, use of large quantities of solvents which causes environmental hazard, etc. Contrastingly, achieving syntheses through mechanochemical methods are generally time-saving, environmentally friendly and more economical. This review is written to shed some light on supramolecular chemistry and the synthesis of various supramolecules through mechanochemistry.

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Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan, M. Venkat Ram Reddy, and Herbert C. Brown. "Tandem allylboration-ring-closing metathesis reactions for the preparation of biologically active molecules." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 9 (January 1, 2003): 1263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375091263.

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The development of asymmetric synthesis during the past two decades aided organic chemists considerably in the synthesis of complex natural products. Organoborane chemistry continues to play an important role in asymmetric synthesis. One of the important reactions that has become very common in the arsenal of synthetic chemists is allylboration and related reactions. Another important reaction that has recently attained enormous importance in organic chemistry is the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction. Indeed, a combination of allylboration and RCM reactions provides an excellent route to cyclic ethers, lactones, lactams, etc. Herein, we describe a sequential asymmetric allylboration and RCM reaction protocol that has been utilized for the synthesis of several alpha-pyrone-containing natural products,particularly biologically active molecules.

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15

Itoh, Toshiyuki, and Ulf Hanefeld. "Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis." Green Chemistry 19, no. 2 (2017): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc90124g.

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16

Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven, Krisfian Tata Aneka Priyangga, Philip Anggo Krisbiantoro, and Arif Cahyo Imawan. "Green Chemistry Influences in Organic Synthesis : a Review." Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science 1, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47352/jmans.v1i1.2.

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Environmental pollution and global warming cause serious problems in human life. Since the demand for our human daily appliances had been increased by years, the organic chemical-based industries response that demand increment by increasing their production process. Because of that, the environmental pollution becomes worse and worse. Green chemistry thus was introduced to influence the chemical industries to strive for better environmental sustainability. Over 20 years, green chemistry principles have to influence the organic chemistry field especially as many researchers have put their attention on that field of research. So far, synthesis process involving organic compounds has been considered on waste prevention, safer solvents, design for high energy efficiency, and usage of renewable feedstocks. This review comprehensively discusses in brief about the implementation of green chemistry principle and their applications in the synthesis process of organic compounds.

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17

Garnweitner, Georg, and Markus Niederberger. "Organic chemistry in inorganic nanomaterials synthesis." J. Mater. Chem. 18, no. 11 (2008): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b713775c.

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18

Kundig, P. "CHEMISTRY: The Future of Organic Synthesis." Science 314, no. 5798 (October 20, 2006): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1134084.

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19

Wirth, Thomas. "Novel Organic Synthesis through Ultrafast Chemistry." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 682–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201609595.

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20

Wood, John L. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Chemistry Collaborative Synthesis." ChemInform 45, no. 33 (July 28, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201433278.

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21

Service, R. F. "ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Synthesis Mimics Natural Craftsmanship." Science 317, no. 5842 (August 31, 2007): 1157a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5842.1157a.

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22

Glaser, John A. "Multistep organic synthesis using flow chemistry." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 15, no. 2 (March 31, 2013): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0599-1.

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23

Sonveaux, E. "The organic chemistry underlying DNA synthesis." Bioorganic Chemistry 14, no. 3 (September 1986): 274–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-2068(86)90038-6.

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24

Petrovčič, Jan, Chad Nicholas Ungarean, and David Sarlah. "Recent Chemical Methodology Advances in the Total Synthesis of Meroterpenoids." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2021.6921.

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Heterogeneity of meroterpenoids arising from their dual biosynthetic origins is constantly provoking synthetic chemists to utilize their ingenuity and revise their retrosynthetic logic. By studying recent publications on meroterpenoid synthesis,tremendous advances in the field of synthetic organic chemistry can be witnessed. This feature article covers some of the most intriguing total syntheses and synthetic studies towards the meroterpenoid class of natural products from the last five years.

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Hlaváč, Jan, and Kristýna Bürglová. "Application of Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 50, no. 06 (January 24, 2018): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609202.

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Trimethylsilanolate alkali salts are widely used in organic synthesis, mainly due to their solubility in common organic solvents. They are frequently used as nucleophiles in ester hydrolysis, both in solution and solid-phase chemistry. However, they have also been used as mild bases or as specific reagents in some chemical transformations. Reactions employing trimethylsilanolate alkali salts as the key component are typically performed under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the utilization of trimethylsilanolate alkali salts in various organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Properties of Alkali Metal Trimethylsilanolates (TMSO[M])3 Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis4 Conclusion

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26

Swan, Ellen, Kirsten Platts, and Anton Blencowe. "An overview of the cycloaddition chemistry of fulvenes and emerging applications." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (September 6, 2019): 2113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.209.

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The unusual electronic properties and unique reactivity of fulvenes have interested researchers for over a century. The propensity to form dipolar structures at relatively low temperatures and to participate as various components in cycloaddition reactions, often highly selectively, makes them ideal for the synthesis of complex polycyclic carbon scaffolds. As a result, fulvene cycloaddition chemistry has been employed extensively for the synthesis of natural products. More recently, fulvene cycloaddition chemistry has also found application to other areas including materials chemistry and dynamic combinatorial chemistry. This highlight article discusses the unusual properties of fulvenes and their varied cycloaddition chemistry, focussing on applications in organic and natural synthesis, dynamic combinatorial chemistry and materials chemistry, including dynamers, hydrogels and charge transfer complexes. Tables providing comprehensive directories of fulvene cycloaddition chemistry are provided, including fulvene intramolecular and intermolecular cycloadditions complete with reactant partners and their resulting cyclic adducts, which provide a useful reference source for synthetic chemists working with fulvenes and complex polycyclic scaffolds.

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Figueiredo, Zilda M. B., and John F. Kennedy. "Organic chemistry in action: The design of organic synthesis." Carbohydrate Polymers 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(92)90029-p.

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Luque Navarro, Pilar María, and Daniela Lanari. "Flow Synthesis of Biologically-Relevant Compound Libraries." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040909.

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Flow chemistry is one of the most prominent enabling technologies that has greatly shaped the way chemists’ approach organic synthesis. Specifically, in drug discovery, the advantages of flow techniques over batch procedures allow the rapid and efficient assembly of compound libraries to be tested for biological properties. The aim of the present review is to comment on some representative examples from the last five years of literature that highlight how flow procedures are becoming of increasing importance for the synthesis of biologically-relevant molecules.

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Kaur, Navjeet. "Ionic Liquid Promoted Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Six-membered Npolyheterocycles." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 8 (December 17, 2018): 1124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180903102542.

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Background: The synthesis of N-polyheterocycles by environmentally benign method is highly attractive but challenging proposition. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of polycyclic heterocycles in the last decades. In this review article, the synthesis of nitrogen containing six-membered polycyclic heterocyclic compounds is presented with the application of ionic liquids. This contribution focuses on the literature related to the total synthesis of six-membered N-polyheterocycles. Objective: Ionic liquids not only acted as environmentally benign reaction media but also as catalysts which afforded the very promising replacements of traditional molecular solvents in organic chemistry due to their stability, non-flammability, non-volatility and ease of recyclability. Ionic liquids are utilized in metal catalyzed reactions in place of organic solvents in the last years. It has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Ionic liquids acted as alternatives of organic solvents and these ILs are environment friendly. Conclusion: In the area of green chemistry ionic liquid assisted synthesis is a very promising technique which afforded a flexible platform for the formation of heterocycles. The influence of ILs on the development of efficient and new synthetic protocols over the last decade for the construction of N-polyheterocycles is featured in this review article. These synthetic strategies will continue to attract more attention and will find a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. In conclusion, ionic liquids assisted syntheses have become an efficient and powerful tool in organic chemistry quickly.

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Kaur, Navjeet, Neha Ahlawat, Pooja Grewal, Pranshu Bhardwaj, and Yamini Verma. "Organo or Metal Complex Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-membered Oxygen Heterocycles." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 25 (January 14, 2020): 2822–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191122111351.

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: The reactions involving the formation of C-O bond using metal as a catalyst have emerged to be one of the most influential reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles in modern organic chemistry. Catalysis by metals offers diverse opportunities to invent new organic reactions with a promising range of selectivities such as chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. The methodologies used earlier for synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation and inconvenient methods. For both stereoselective and regioselective formation of five-membered O-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are metal and non-metal-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. The present review article covers the applications of metal and non-metal as a catalyst for the synthesis of five-membered O-containing heterocycles.

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Kapoor, Kamal, Parthasarathi Das, Rajni Khajuria, Sk Rasheed, and Chhavi Khajuria. "Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles." Synthesis 50, no. 11 (April 24, 2018): 2131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589533.

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Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole is one of the most important azaheterocyclic compounds consisting of three fused aromatic rings. Molecules containing this core have displayed a wide range of applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. The synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and its derivatives has attracted organic chemists because of its tremendous utility in interdisciplinary branches of chemistry. In this context, this review discusses the main advances in the synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles via metal-mediated and metal-free reactions from 2000 to 2016.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Approaches to Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles2.1 Type I: Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Methods2.2 Type II: Metal-Free Approaches3 Conclusion

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Kaur, Navjeet, Pranshu Bhardwaj, Meenu Devi, Yamini Verma, Neha Ahlawat, and Pooja Grewal. "Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Five-Membered N,N-, N,N,N- and N,N,N,NHeterocycles." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 11 (August 29, 2019): 1214–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190717101741.

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Due to special properties of ILs (Ionic Liquids) like their wide liquid range, good solvating ability, negligible vapour pressure, non-inflammability, environment friendly medium, high thermal stability, easy recycling and rate promoters etc. they are used in organic synthesis. The investigation for the replacement of organic solvents in organic synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. Therefore, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of chemists and act as a catalyst and reaction medium in organic reaction with high activity. There is no doubt that ionic liquids have become a major subject of study for modern chemistry. In comparison to traditional processes the use of ionic liquids resulted in improved, complimentary or alternative selectivities in organic synthesis. The present manuscript reported the synthesis of multiple nitrogen containing five-membered heterocyclic compounds using ionic liquids. This review covered interesting discoveries in the past few years.

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Dragone, Vincenza, Victor Sans, Mali H. Rosnes, Philip J. Kitson, and Leroy Cronin. "3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (May 16, 2013): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.109.

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We present a study in which the versatility of 3D-printing is combined with the processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products.

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Macaev, F. "Selective Organic Synthesis for Sustainable Development." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 2 (December 2012): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(2).12.

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The data on the development of selective organic synthesis suitable for obtaining multifunctional organic compounds both linear and cyclic structures using environmentally benign, inexpensive and renewable resources summarized. This article is an extended abstract of a communication presented at the Conference Ecological Chemistry 2012.

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Nishiguchi, Ikuzo. "New Progress in Organic Synthesis through Organic Electron Transfer Chemistry." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 68, no. 8 (2010): 824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.824.

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Akiyama, Ryo, and Shu̅ Kobayashi. "“Microencapsulated” and Related Catalysts for Organic Chemistry and Organic Synthesis." Chemical Reviews 109, no. 2 (February 11, 2009): 594–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr800529d.

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Akiyama, Ryo, and Shu̅ Kobayashi. "“Microencapsulated” and Related Catalysts for Organic Chemistry and Organic Synthesis." Chemical Reviews 110, no. 4 (April 14, 2010): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr900066n.

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SHONO, Tatsuya. "Electroorganic chemistry in organic synthesis. General survey." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 43, no. 6 (1985): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.43.491.

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Naredla, Rajasekhar Reddy, and Douglas A. Klumpp. "Contemporary Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis." Chemical Reviews 113, no. 9 (July 2, 2013): 6905–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr4001385.

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Schaller, Chris P., Kate J. Graham, and T. Nicholas Jones. "Synthesis Road Map Problems in Organic Chemistry." Journal of Chemical Education 91, no. 12 (October 16, 2014): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed400886k.

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Kurth, Laurie L., and Mark J. Kurth. "Synthesis–Spectroscopy Roadmap Problems: Discovering Organic Chemistry." Journal of Chemical Education 91, no. 12 (September 23, 2014): 2137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed500109a.

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Harrowven, David C. "Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 2003, no. 04 (2003): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-37640.

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Simon, Marc-Olivier, and Chao-Jun Li. "Green chemistry oriented organic synthesis in water." Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, no. 4 (2012): 1415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15222j.

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Deligeorgiev, T., N. Gadjev, A. Vasilev, St Kaloyanova, J. J. Vaquero, and J. Alvarez-Builla. "ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis." ChemInform 41, no. 25 (June 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201025200.

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Gualtieri, Fulvio. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry." ChemInform 32, no. 2 (January 9, 2001): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200102294.

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Takahashi, Takashi, and Takayuki Doi. "ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Chemistry in Organic Synthesis." ChemInform 33, no. 38 (May 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200238277.

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Feuerbacher, Nina, and Fritz Vogtle. "ChemInform Abstract: Iterative Synthesis in Organic Chemistry." ChemInform 30, no. 14 (June 16, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199914308.

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Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan, Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu, and Naduthambi Devan. "Chemistry of Tetrathiomolybdate: Applications in Organic Synthesis." Synlett 2002, no. 11 (2002): 1762–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-34863.

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Wirth, Thomas. "Organic synthesis in flow for medicinal chemistry." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 23 (December 2017): 6179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.013.

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Hawkins, Joel M. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Chemistry Streamlining Drug Synthesis." ChemInform 46, no. 29 (July 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201529329.

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