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Academic literature on the topic 'Organic compound content'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic compound content"

Šimon, T. "Aliphatic compounds, organic C and N and microbial biomass and its activity in long-term field experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 6 (2011): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3586-pse.

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The content of aliphatic compounds, hydrophobicity index, organic C and N content and the microbial biomass and respiration activity were analysed in soil samples originating from different plots of a long-term field experiment (variants: nil, NPK &ndash; mineral fertilization: 64.6&ndash;100 kg/ha/year, FYM &ndash; farmyard manure and FYM + NPK) from three blocks (III, IV and B) with different crop rotation. Samples were taken from 0&ndash;200 mm layer in 2002 and 2003 (spring and autumn). The plots without any fertilization had the significantly lowest aliphatic compound cont

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Luo, Qiao, Jing Wang, JianHui Wang, et al. "Fate and Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Organic Compounds during Typical Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2674852.

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The chemical composition, distribution, and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) present in typical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants were investigated with the aim of effectively removing these pollutants while minimizing waste of resources and energy. The results of this study indicate that the relative content of an organic compound class is unrelated to the number of organic compounds in the influent and effluent, yet it is directly proportional to the pollution contribution in pharmaceutical wastewater. In wastewater influent, the organic compound classes with the hi

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Schwarzenbach, R. P., and J. Westall. "Sorption of Hydrophobic Trace Organic Compounds in Groundwater Systems." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 9 (1985): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0081.

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Factors influencing the subsurface sorption behavior of neutral and ionizable trace organic compounds are discussed. At equilibrium, the sorption of a neutral hydrophobic organic compound can be expressed by a simple partition coefficient. Partition coefficients, and thus retardation factors, may be estimated from the octanol/water partition coefficient of the compound and the organic carbon content of the aquifer material, if the organic carbon content exceeds 0.1%. For ionizable (anionic) hydrophobic compounds (represented by chlorinated phenols), the distribution ratio depends on both the p

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Cvetković, Biljana, Aleksandra Bajić, Miona Belović, et al. "Assessing Antioxidant Properties, Phenolic Compound Profiles, Organic Acids, and Sugars in Conventional Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica): A Chemometric Approach." Foods 13, no. 14 (2024): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13142291.

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This study analyzed the phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugars, and antioxidant activity in different conventional apple cultivars (Malus domestica) from the Serbian market. Polyphenol profiles, sugars, and organic acid contents were analyzed by HPLC, and antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH and FRAP. Notable findings included variations in phenolic compound presence, with certain compounds detected only in specific cultivars. ‘Red Jonaprince’ exhibited the highest arbutin (0.86 mg/kg FW) and quercetin-3-rhamnoside content (22.90 mg/kg FW), while ‘Idared’ stood out for its gallic acid

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Jiao, Huiying, Sijia Wu, Jingming Li, and Yanxin Sun. "Effects of Pelletized and Coated Organic Fertilizers on Flavor Compounds of Tomato Fruits and Leaves." Foods 13, no. 11 (2024): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13111653.

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The application of organic fertilizers is one of the most important agricultural measures aimed at improving the flavor and productivity of Lycopersicon esculentum, with the granulation and coating of organic fertilizers, which can reduce seepage losses of great significance to the ecosystem. In this study, Jingcai 8 tomato was selected as the test material. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) methods were used to investigate the effects of different pelletized organic fertilizers and various coating materials on the flavor profile of

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Du, Yaxiao, Xuebin Xu, Fei Ma, and Changwen Du. "Solvent-Free Synthesis of Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Slow-Release Fertilizers." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040561.

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were usually synthesized in hydrothermal conditions; in this study, a more energy-saving, easier to control, and solvent-free mechanochemical method was firstly applied to synthesize MOFs with varied reactants as slow release fertilizer, and the components and structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared total attenuated reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Results showed that three MOFs (compounds I, II, and III) were obtained, the MOFs were confirmed as oxalate phosphate oxalate framew

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Prasetiyo, Himawan, Sri Purwaningsih, Iriani Setyaningsih, Mala Nurilmala, Uju Uju, and Kustiyariah Tarman. "Off-odour Identification from Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Spirulina." BIO Web of Conferences 92 (2024): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249202006.

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Spirulina platensis is a common cyanobacteria microalga with high nutrition and bioactive compound sources. The addition of spirulina in foods and beverages improves nutrition and bioactive compound content. However, certain species of cyanobacteria are known to produce various compounds causing off-odour. This study investigates the chemical profile and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in spirulina biomass and determine off-odour potency. The spirulina extract was analysed phytochemical qualitatively and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The Spectra mass was compared to the mass

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Zheng, Tingting, Shu Wang, Mengyao Wang, et al. "Effect of Different Fertilizer Types on Quality of Foxtail Millet under Low Nitrogen Conditions." Plants 13, no. 13 (2024): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13131830.

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In order to clarify the effect of different fertilizers on foxtail millet quality under low nitrogen conditions, we used JGNo.21 and LZGNo.2 as experimental materials and set up five treatments, including non-fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, compound, and organic fertilizers, to study the regulation of different fertilizer types on agronomic traits, nutrient fractions, and pasting characteristics of foxtail millet under low nitrogen conditions. Compared with the control, all of the fertilizers improved the agronomic traits of JGNo.21 to a certain extent. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer tr

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Miklavčič Višnjevec, Ana, Paul Baker, Adam Charlton, et al. "Developing an Olive Biorefinery in Slovenia: Analysis of Phenolic Compounds Found in Olive Mill Pomace and Wastewater." Molecules 26, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010007.

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The valorization of olive pomace through the extraction of phenolic compounds at an industrial scale is influenced by several factors that can have a significant impact on the feasibility of this approach. These include the types and levels of phenolic compounds that are present, the impact that seasonal variation and cultivar type have on the phenolic compound content in both olive pomace and mill effluents and the technological approach used to process the olive crop. Chemical analysis of phenolic compounds was performed using an HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD)-qTOF system, resulting in the

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Simkova, Kristyna, Robert Veberic, Mariana Cecilia Grohar, et al. "Changes in the Aroma Profile and Phenolic Compound Contents of Different Strawberry Cultivars during Ripening." Plants 13, no. 10 (2024): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13101419.

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Secondary metabolites, namely, phenolic and volatile organic compounds, contribute to the nutritional and organoleptic quality of the strawberry fruit. This study focuses on the changes in the content of phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds during the ripening, from green to overripe fruit, of five strawberry cultivars (‘Asia’, ‘CIVN 766’, ‘Aprica’, ‘Clery’, and ‘Malwina’). Additionally, these changes are compared with the colour of the fruit and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Our results show that the accumulation of secondary metabolites (phenolic and volatile organ

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic compound content"

Szecsödy, James Edward. "Sorption Kinetics of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds onto Organic Modified Surfaces." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219433.

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The sorption of five chlorinated benzenes and sixteen other organic solutes was investigated by determining the extent of sorption and the sorption rates in a series of 40 batch and 139 column experiments using surface-modified silica of known chemical composition. These surfaces were used to represent important functional groups in soil, and consisted of porous silica with patchy surface coatings of aliphatic chains (C₁, C₈, and C₁₈), and other substituent groups (phenyl, amine, alcoholic, and carboxylic). Three possible rate-limiting steps were examined: diffusion through immobile pore fluid

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Gonsior, Michael, and n/a. "Dissolved organic matter in New Zealand natural waters." University of Otago. Department of Chemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080501.114023.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most dynamic and least understood part of the global oceanic carbon cycle. Furthermore the molecular composition of DOM is largely unknown. This study focused on the distribution pattern, removal processes and molecular characterisation of DOM in a range of estuaries and coastal zones in New Zealand. Doubtful Sound, the longest fjord in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand was of particular interest, because of the combination of extreme rainfall, enhanced production of DOM within the temperate rainforest which largely appears in the relative

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Punt, Monique M. "Microwave-enhanced extraction of organic contaminants from soil." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27393.

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The Microwave-Assisted Process (MAP$ sp{ rm TM}$) is an enhanced extraction technology patented by Environment Canada. MAP uses microwaves to rapidly transfer target compounds from one phase to another by selectively heating the phase containing the target compounds. This thesis presents the results of research performed to determine whether the MAP technique can be further developed into a large-scale soil treatment process that overcomes the limitations of conventional remediation technologies.<br>The dielectric properties of several mixtures of acetone and hexane over a temperature range fr

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Lui, Yuen Shan. "Formation of disinfection by-products and mutagenicity upon chlorination of algal-derived organic materials." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1181.

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Floge, Sheri Ann. "Seasonal Variations in Colloidal Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in the Damariscotta River Estuary, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FlogeSA2005.pdf.

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Kothawala, Dolly N. "Controls on the soil solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the mineral horizons of forested soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115565.

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Note:<br>The soil-solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) withinmineral soil horizons is primarily controlled by processes of adsorption and desorption. These abiotic processes largely occur within a short equilibration time of seconds to minutes, which generally occur faster than microbial processes. To characterise the adsorption of DOC to mineral soils, I used the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which holds several advantages to the commonly used linear initial mass (IM) isotherm. One advantage to using the Langmuir isotherm is anestimation of the maximum DOC adsorption capaci

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Kothawala, Dolly N. 1972. "Controls on the soil solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the mineral horizons of forested soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115858.

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The soil-solution partitioning of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within mineral soil horizons is primarily controlled by processes of adsorption and desorption. These abiotic processes largely occur within a short equilibration time of seconds to minutes, which generally occur faster than microbial processes. To characterise the adsorption of DOC to mineral soils, I used the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which holds several advantages to the commonly used linear initial mass (IM) isotherm. One advantage to using the Langmuir isotherm is an estimation of the maximum DOC adsorption capacity (Qma

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Sendel, Sebastian. "Wpływ lotnych związków organicznych wydzielanych przez pszenicę pod wpływem żerowania owadów oraz syntetycznego dihydrojasmonu na zachowanie dorosłych osobników lednicy zbożowej (Aelia acuminata L.)." Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy, 2015. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/789.

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Celem pracy jest określenie wpływu stresu powstałego w wyniku żerowania Aelia acuminata L. i działania syntetycznego dihydrojasmonu na wydzielanie LZO przez rośliny pszenicy jarej oraz określenie wpływu syntetycznych mieszanin LZO wydzielanych przez pszenicę na imagines A. acuminata L.

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Abraham, Muriel. "Spatial variation in soil organic carbon and stable carbon isotope signature in a pasture and a primary forest in central Panamá." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80159.

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Soil properties and their spatial variability was measured to provide a strong database to assess the modification in soil properties associated with future changes in land use. Surface (0--10 cm) soil samples were collected from a 9 ha, 46-year-old pasture being converted to a native tree plantation and a neighboring control pasture near Sardinilla, Panama. A small-scale nested grid of surface soil samples was replicated in the future plantation and a primary forest in the region to evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties. Seven 1 m profiles were sampled in the future plant

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Hong, Huachang. "Characteristics of natural organic matter in Hong Kong's source drinking water and its association with the formation of disinfection by-products." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/894.

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Books on the topic "Organic compound content"

E, Lewis Timothy, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, eds. Soil sampling and analysis for volatile organic compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1991.

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Leventhal, Joel S. Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils, including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon. U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Fu, Jaw-Kwei. Pollutant sorption to soils and sediments in organic/aqueous solvent systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Fu, Jaw-Kwei. Pollutant sorption to soils and sediments in organic/aqueous solvent systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1985.

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G, Zepp Richard, and Sonntag Ch, eds. The role of nonliving organic matter in the earth's carbon cycle: Report of the Dahlem Workshop on the Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle, Berlin 1993, September 12-17. J. Wiley, 1995.

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Hydes, D. J. Determination of dissolved nutrients in seawater: With high precision and inter-comparability using gas-segmented continuous flow analysers. National Diet Library of Japan, 2012.

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Wetz, Jennifer Jarrell. Pump station data report for the May 2001, August 2001 and January 2003 COAST cruises: Nutrients, extracted chlorophyll, and dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 2005.

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Bot, Alexandra. The importance of soil organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.

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Reilly, Timothy J. Dissolved pesticides, dissolved organic carbon, and water-quality characteristics in selected Idaho streams, April-December 2010. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic compound content"

He, Zhongqi, Daniel C. Olk, and Heidi M. Waldrip. "Soil Amino Compound and Carbohydrate Contents Influenced by Organic Amendments." In Applied Manure and Nutrient Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8807-6_4.

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Raychaudhury, Chandan, and Debnath Pal. "Information Content Measures and Prediction of Physical Entropy of Organic Compounds." In Mathematical Foundations and Applications of Graph Entropy. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693245.ch8.

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Verona, A., A. P. Azhim, H. P. Liliek, D. U. Wahyu, and M. Ibrahim. "Utilization of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as a Filler in the NPK Plant at Petrokima Gresik Ltd." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_137.

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AbstractCoal is a rock composed of organic compounds (C, H, and O), inorganic or mineral impurities, and ash content. Burning coal produces waste in fly ash and bottom ash (FABA). FABA that accumulates for a long time can cause environmental problems, such as pollution. Petrokimia Gresik Ltd. Produces FABA in large quantities, so it must be managed by external parties who have a permit to manage it. With the regulatory changes, FABA can be utilized for various products. This study aims to utilize FABA as a filler substitute for raw materials for NPK fertilizer and find the right proportion so that utilization can be carried out optimally. This study applied the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDAC) method to achieve continuous improvement. The results show that the most optimal FABA ratio is 3:1 with the addition of ZA raw materials with a specific ratio. After analyzing the test product on NPK 15-10-12 plus fertilizer, it is found that the NPK 15-10-12 plus fertilizer using FABA as a filler complies with SNI 2083:2012 about NPK fertilizer. The effectiveness test results on paddy plants at the Experimental Garden of Petrokimia Gresik Ltd. Show that FABA as a fertilizer filler does not affect the effectiveness of NPK fertilizer. This study shows that FABA can be used as a filler substitute for raw materials for NPK fertilizer.

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Rahmat, Somayeh, and Zhaleh Soheilikhah. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Secondary Metabolism." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8220-2_5.

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AbstractPlants synthetize and accumulate a various class of organic compounds known as secondary metabolites (SMs). Although SMs do not play a crucial role as primary metabolites in plant growth and development, they are of high ecological significance. Humans use these compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. One of the results of mutual symbiotic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is the reprogramming of metabolic pathways and modulating the range and content of plant SMs such as phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of SMs act as signals for multiple interactions between plants and AMF, from the pre-symbiotic stage to the creation/formation of a functional symbiosis. This chapter briefly reviews the current research status in the field of SM changes under the influence of AMF. The plant association with AMF increases the production and accumulation of SMs directly through improving water and nutrient uptake and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity or indirectly by provoking the biosynthetic pathways of SMs through generation of signaling molecules and changes in the concentration of phytohormones. The extent to which AMF affect plant SMs depends on the plant and fungus species and environmental factors.

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Krätschmer, Kerstin, Walter Vetter, Jiří Kalina, and Rainer Malisch. "WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies 2000–2019: Findings of Chlorinated Paraffins." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_10.

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AbstractChlorinated paraffins (CP) are complex mixtures of several million theoretically possible individual compounds. Contrary to medium-chain CP (MCCP, C14–C17) and long-chain CP (LCCP, C18–C30), the third sub-group investigated, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP, C10–C13), have been listed in 2017 in Annex A (Elimination) of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The concentrations of CP were determined in 84 nation-wide pooled human milk samples collected between 2009 and 2019 in 57 countries participating in exposure studies coordinated by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. Until 2015, only total CP content was determined. In light of on-going efforts to also add other CP groups to the Annexes of the Stockholm Convention and the glaring lack of data on the general background contamination worldwide, later analysis determined SCCP and MCCP and investigated the presence of LCCP (C18–C20 only). CP were present in all 84 samples, ranging 8.7–700 ng/g lipid. A statistically significant increase rate of total CP concentrations in human milk of 30% over 10 years was found on a global level, with a considerable variation between UN Regional Groups. Homologue group patterns indicated higher shares of MCCP and LCCP in industrialized countries and economically dependent areas. Compared to all other POPs analysed in the samples, the concentration of the sum of SCCP and MCCP was in most cases only surpassed by DDT, except European countries with high shares of PCB. Considering the ubiquitous presence of CP in humans worldwide, further investigation into toxicological effects and human exposure seems more pressing than ever, so that regulatory action may follow.

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Czernych, Radoslaw, Artur J. Badyda, Grazyna Gałęzowska, Lidia Wolska, and Pawel Zagożdżon. "Indoor Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Children: Health Risk Assessment in the Context of Physiological Development." In Pulmonary Care and Clinical Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_31.

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Malisch, Rainer, Alexander Schächtele, Ralf Lippold, et al. "Overall Conclusions and Key Messages of the WHO/UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies on Persistent Organic Pollutants." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_16.

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AbstractBuilding on the two rounds of exposure studies with human milk coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-1980s and 1990s on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), five expanded studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were performed between 2000 and 2019. After the adoption of the Stockholm Convention on POPs (the Convention) in 2001, WHO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) collaborated in joint studies starting in 2004. The collaboration aimed at provision of POPs data for human milk as a core matrix under the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) to assess the effectiveness of the Convention as required under Article 16. Over time, the number of analytes in the studies expanded from the initial 12 POPs targeted by the Convention for elimination or reduction to the 30 POPs covered under the Stockholm Convention and two other POPs proposed for listing as of 2019. Many of these chemicals have numerous congeners, homologous groups, isomeric forms, and transformation products, which significantly extends the number of recommended analytes.In the studies between 2000 and 2019, 82 countries from all five United Nations regions participated, of which 50 countries participated in more than one study. For the human milk samples of the 2016–2019 period, results are available for the full set of 32 POPs of interest for the Convention until 2019: (i) the 26 POPs listed by the start of the study in 2016; (ii) decabromodiphenyl ether [BDE-209] and short-chain chlorinated paraffins [SCCP] as listed in 2017; (3) dicofol and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA] as listed in 2019; (4) medium-chain chlorinated paraffins [MCCP] and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS] as proposed for listing. This is a unique characteristic among the core matrices under the GMP.Four key messages can be derived: These studies are an efficient and effective tool with global coverage as key contributor to the GMP. After collection of a large number of individual samples (usually 50) fulfilling protocol criteria, pooled samples are prepared using equal aliquots of individual samples (physical averaging) and are considered to be representative for a country, subregion or subpopulation at the time of the sampling. The analysis of pooled representative human milk samples by dedicated Reference Laboratories meeting rigorous quality criteria contributes to reliability and comparability and reduces uncertainty of the analytical results. Additionally, this concept is very cost-effective. These studies can be used for regional differentiation based on concentrations of individual POPs between and within the five UN Regional Groups (African Group, Asia-Pacific Group, Eastern European Group, Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries; Western European and Others Group). For some POPs, a wide range of concentrations with up to three orders of magnitude between lower and upper concentrations was found, even for countries in the same UN region. Some countries had levels within the usual range for most POPs, but high concentrations for certain POPs. Findings of concentrations in the upper third of the frequency distribution may motivate targeted follow-up studies rather than if the observed level of a POP is found in the lower third of frequency distribution. However, the concentration of a POP has also to be seen in context of the sampling period and the history and pattern of use of the POPs in each country. Therefore, results are not intended for ranking of individual countries but rather to distinguish broader patterns. These studies can provide an assessment of time trends, as possible sources of variation were minimized by the survey concepts building on two factors (sampling design; analysis of the pooled samples by dedicated Reference Laboratories). The estimation of time trends based on comparison of median or mean concentrations in UN Regional Groups over the five surveys in five equal four-year periods between 2000 and 2019 provides a first orientation. However, the variation of the number of countries participating in a UN Regional Group in a certain period can influence the median or mean concentrations. Thus, it is more prudent to only use results of countries with repeated participation in these studies for drawing conclusions on temporal trends. The reduction rates in countries should be seen in context with the concentration range: A differentiation of high levels and those in the range of the background contamination is meaningful. If high levels are found, sources might be detected which could be eliminated. This can lead to significant decrease rates over the following years. However, if low background levels are reported, no specific sources can be detected. Other factors for exposure, e.g. the contamination of feed and food by air via long-range transport and subsequent bioaccumulation, cannot be influenced locally. However, only very few time points from most individual countries for most POPs of interest are available, which prevents the derivation of statistically significant temporal trends in these cases. Yet, the existing data can indicate decreasing or increasing tendencies in POP concentrations in these countries. Furthermore, pooling of data in regions allows to derive statistically significant time trends in the UN Regional Groups and globally. Global overall time trends using the data from countries with repeated participation were calculated by the Theil–Sen method. Regarding the median levels of the five UN Regional Groups, a decrease per 10 years by 58% was found for DDT, by 84% for beta-HCH, by 57% for HCB, by 32% for PBDE, by 48% for PFOS, by 70% for PCB, and by 48% for PCDD and PCDF (expressed as toxic equivalents). In contrast, the concentrations of chlorinated paraffins (CP) as “emerging POPs” showed increasing tendencies in some UN Regional Groups. On a global level, a statistically significant increase of total CP (total CP content including SCCP [listed in the Convention in 2017] and MCCP [proposed to be listed]) concentrations in human milk of 30% over 10 years was found. The studies can provide the basis for discussion of the relative importance (“ranking”) of the quantitative occurrence of POPs. This, however, requires a differentiation between two subgroups of lipophilic substances ([i] dioxin-like compounds, to be determined in the pg/g [=ng/kg] range, and [ii] non-dioxin-like chlorinated and brominated POPs, to be determined in the ng/g [=μg/kg] range; both groups reported on lipid base) and the more polar perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS); reported on product base [as pg/g fresh weight] or on volume base [ng/L]. For this purpose, results for the complete set of the 32 POPs of interest for the 2016–2019 period were considered. By far, the highest concentrations of lipophilic substances were found for DDT (expressed as “DDT complex”: sum of all detected analytes, calculated as DDT; maximum: 7100 ng/g lipid; median: 125 ng/g lipid) and for chlorinated paraffins (total CP content; maximum: 700 total CP/g lipid; median: 116 ng total CP/g lipid). PCB was next in the ranking and had on average an order of magnitude lower concentrations than the average of the total CP concentrations. The high CP concentrations were caused predominantly by MCCP. If the pooled samples from mothers without any known major contamination source nearby showed a high level of CP, some individual samples (e.g. from local population close to emission sources, as a result of exposure to consumer products or from the domestic environment) might even have significantly higher levels. The lactational intake of SCCP and MCCP of the breastfed infant in the microgram scale resulting from the mothers’ dietary and environmental background exposure should therefore motivate targeted follow-up studies and further measures to reduce exposure (including in the case of MCCP, regulatory efforts, e.g. restriction in products). Further, due to observed levels, targeted research should look at the balance among potential adverse effects against positive health aspects for the breastfed infants for three groups of POPs (dioxin-like compounds; non-dioxin-like chlorinated and brominated POPs; PFAS) regarding potentially needed updates of the WHO guidance. As an overall conclusion, the seven rounds of WHO/UNEP human milk exposure studies are the largest global survey on human tissues with a harmonized protocol spanning over the longest time period and carried out in a uniform format. Thus, these rounds are an effective tool to obtain reliable and comparable data sets on this core matrix and a key contributor to the GMP. A comprehensive set of global data covering all POPs targeted by the Stockholm Convention, in all UN Regional Groups, and timelines covering a span of up to three decades allows to evaluate data from various perspectives. A widened three-dimensional view is necessary to discuss results and can be performed using the three pillars for assessments of the comprehensive data set, namely: analytes of interest; regional aspects; time trends. This can identify possible problems for future targeted studies and interventions at the country, regional, or global level. Long-term trends give an indication of the effectiveness of measures to eliminate or reduce specific POPs. The consideration of countries with repeated participation in these studies provides the best possible database for the evaluation of temporal trends. The continuation of these exposure studies is important for securing sufficient data for reliable time trend assessments in the future. Therefore, it is highly recommended to continue this monitoring effort, particularly for POPs that are of public health concern.

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Ntinyari, Winnie, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango. "Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Agricultural Systems and Climate Change Effects in Sub- Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_43.

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AbstractClimate change has been viewed to result from anthropogenic human activities that have significantly altered the Nitrogen (N) cycle and carbon cycles, increasing the risks of global warming and pollution. A key cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions including methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon among others. The context of this chapter is based on a comprehensive desktop review on published scientific papers on climate change, greenhouse emissions, agricultural fertilizer use, modeling and projections of greenhouse gases emissions. Interestingly, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the least emissions of the greenhouses gases accounting for only 7% of the total world’s emissions, implying that there is overall very little contribution yet it has the highest regional burden concerning climate change impacts. However, the values could be extremely higher than this due to lack of proper estimation and measurement tools in the region and therefore, caution needs to be taken early enough to avoid taking the trend currently experienced in developed nations. In SSA, agricultural production is the leading sector in emissions of N compound to the atmosphere followed by energy and transportation. The greatest challenge lies in the management of the two systems to ensure sufficiency in food production using more bioenergy hence less pollution. Integrating livestock and cropping systems is one strategy that can reduce methane emissions. Additionally, developing fertilizer use policy to improve management of fertilizer and organic manure have been potentially considered as effective in reducing the effects of agriculture activities on climate change and hence the main focus of the current chapter.

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Germain, Aurèle, Marta Corno, and Piero Ugliengo. "Computing Binding Energies of Interstellar Molecules by Semiempirical Quantum Methods: Comparison Between DFT and GFN2 on Crystalline Ice." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86976-2_43.

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AbstractInterstellar Grains (IGs) spread in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) host a multitude of chemical reactions that could lead to the production of interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs), relevant in the context of prebiotic chemistry. These IGs are composed of a silicate-based core covered by several layers of amorphous water ice, known as a grain mantle. Molecules from the ISM gas-phase can be adsorbed at the grain surfaces, diffuse and react to give iCOMs and ultimately desorbed back to the gas phase. Thus, the study of the Binding Energy (BE) of these molecules at the water ice grain surface is important to understand the molecular composition of the ISM and its evolution in time. In this paper, we propose to use a recently developed semiempirical quantum approach, named GFN-xTB, and more precisely the GFN2 method, to compute the BE of several molecular species at the crystalline water ice slab model. This method is very cheap in term of computing power and time and was already showed in a previous work to be very accurate with small water clusters. To support our proposition, we decided to use, as a benchmark, the recent work published by some of us in which a crystalline model of proton-ordered water ice (P-ice) was adopted to predict the BEs of 21 molecules relevant in the ISM. The relatively good results obtained confirm GFN2 as the method of choice to model adsorption processes occurring at the icy grains in the ISM. The only notable exception was for the CO molecule, in which both structure and BE are badly predicted by GFN2, a real pity due to the relevance of CO in astrochemistry.

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Werheni Ammeri, Rim, Yassine Hidri, and Hassen Abdenaceur. "Effect of PCP Pesticide Contamination on Soil Quality." In Soil Contamination - Threats and Sustainable Solutions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93714.

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In recent years, soil contamination with pesticides has become a crucial news issue with serious short- and long-term effects on human health and its environment. Pesticides play a significant role in the success of modern farming and food production. These compounds have potential for toxicity and adverse effects on human health and ecological soil systems. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is one of the most recalcitrant chemicals polluting the environment for its stable aromatic ring system and chloride content. Nowadays, many sites are contaminated with this substance. In these areas, concentrations may stay high for a long time because of slow degradation in the soil due to the negative effects that PCP has on soil microbial populations. Bioremediation of PCP contaminated sites can be realized introducing directly, into a contaminated system, microorganisms able to consume selectively the target compound (bioaugmentation) or increasing the microbial indigenous population by addiction of nutrients in form of organic and/or inorganic fertilizers and biosolids (biostimulation). In the present chapter, we present an overview of the effect of PCP pesticide contamination on soil microbial populations (density and diversity), enzymatic activity and physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the bioremediation process will be detailed.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic compound content"

Campos, R. A., I. Kovalev, N. Wakili, Y. Guo, and T. Skotheim. "Electroluminescence from Organometallic Thin Films." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.tuc.3.

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Efficient electrical conversion into a wide range of optical wavelengths as well as low fabrication costs are some of the attractions of organic thin films which drive the use of these materials for flat-panel display applications [1]. Since the pioneering work of Tang and VanSlyke in 1987 [2], the organometallic material tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum (ALQ) has been the focus of intense research. This compound electroluminesces in the green region of the spectrum over a broad spectrum peaked near 520 nm. Although ALQ microcavity architectures can provide narrowband emissions at select wav

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Kot, A., V. Radchikov, I. Seryakov та V. Petrov. "Рубцовое пищеварение и продуктивность молодняка крупного рогатого скота при скармливании органического кобальта". У Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.38.

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The effect of cobalt acetic acid on the indicators of cicatricial digestion and protein metabolism in bulls aged 3-6 months was studied. The replacement of cobalt sulphate with cobalt acetic acid in the compound feed did not have a significant effect on the processes of scar digestion. All indicators were within the limits of physiological norms. The animals of the experimental group showed a tendency to decrease the ammonia content in the scar fluid by 4.2%. The use of concentrates with the addition of organic cobalt compounds helps to increase the productivity of animals and the efficiency o

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El Sayed, Mohamed, Michel Khammo, Mohamed Al Amri, et al. "Comprehensive Approach for Tracing Back Potential Sources of Organic Chloride in Crude Oil." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214188-ms.

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Abstract Organic Chloride is organic compound that have chlorine atoms as part of its chemical composition. Over the last four years, there has been continuous increase of number of research papers addressing the corrosion impact of organic chlorides in processes that includes high temperature like distillation towers. Where chlorine atoms start to detach and form free radicals in moisture wetting metal surfaces and result in severe corrosion of distillation towers. The Fact that led regulatory agencies to set a threshold number for maximum allowable content of organic chloride in crude beyond

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Al-Shamary, Noora. "Assessment of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants along the Qatari Coast." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0036.

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Qatar sits in the middle of the world’s most important hydrocarbon producing areas where significant regional refining activity and shipping traffic take place. In addition to significant local coastline, development prominently along the eastern coast, has taken place over recent decades. Protecting Qatar’s marine ecosystems from the adverse effects of environmental contaminants is a core component of the Environmental Development pillar within the National Vision 2030. However, a limited number of studies have investigated contaminant concentrations in the coastal environment of Qatar. The a

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Wu, Hongjun, Kun Huang, Ju Liu, et al. "Research and Application of Compound Plugging Removal Technology in HTHP Condensate Gas Well." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21787-ms.

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Abstract Dabei and Dina 2 gas fields located in Tarim Oilfield are HTHP and high production condensate gas fields. The formation temperature is 136°C, the formation pressure is 105MPa, the gas production of single well is 40×104m3/d~100×104m3/d, and the condensate production is 35t/d~86t/d. After the HTHP condensate gas well started production, the oil production pressure continues to fluctuate and decline due to the wellbore plugging. By 2019, more than 80% of the HTHP condensate gas wells have the wellbore plugging problem, gas production of some wells reduced over 50%, a few wells even shut

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Mohan, Regi P., and Adarsh P. "Strength Characterisation of Nanochemical Stabilized Kuttanad Clay for Pavement Construction." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.17.

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Kuttanad clays are low strength, soft, organic clay deposits found in the Kuttanad areas of the Alappuzha district, Kerala. Lots of failures have been reported to the structures built over it due to its swelling - shrinking characteristics. To enhance the load-bearing capacity and decrease the settlement characteristics, the addition of appropriate stabilizing agents is considered the most efficient technique in soil stabilization applications. Soil stabilization techniques using traditional stabilizers in mass projects have become costly due to the increase in the cost of materials like cemen

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Sobolev, Roman, Yuliya Frolova, Varuzhan Sarkisyan, and Alla Kochetkova. "Study of the Oxidative Stability of Oleogels Structured with Beeswax Fractions." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/zbfu3245.

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Combining the beeswax fractions is an effective way of structuring edible oils. However, their effect on oleogel oxidative stability is still not studied. Thus, the study on the influence of beeswax and combinations of its fractions on the edible oleogels oxidation was the objective of this research.Four fractions of beeswax (A, B, C, D) were isolated using preparative flash-chromatography and characterized by TLC and HPLC-ELSD. Sunflower oil was used to prepare oleogels (at 90 °C for 30 minutes) with a 6% of gelator. The fatty acid composition was evaluated by GC. The samples were stored at 3

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Tazuhara, Shion, Tomoya Aiba, Takashi Nagase, Takashi Kobayashi, Yuichi Sadamitsu, and Hiroyoshi Naito. "Influence of contact resistances on high-mobility top-gate organic transistors based on didodecylbenzothienobenzothiophene." In 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciprm.2019.8819084.

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Alhabib, Hussain F., and Hani A. Nass. "Gas Treatment Produced Water Reuse." In SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219042-ms.

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Abstract Industrial produced wastewater management has been a challenging objective in the Oil and Gas Industry, and the adoption of systems to reuse it is essential to promote the circular economy principles. Saudi Aramco, adapted an integrated system to collect, treat, and reuse the facility-wide produced water to eliminate directing it to evaporation ponds, or outside the facility to waste management entities. Produced water, in gas plants, is usually formed in three processes: separating wells’ sour water from monoethyl-glycol, knocking out sour water during gas sweetening, and during acid

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Vakhin, Alexey V., Irek I. Mukhamatdinov, Firdavs A. Aliev, et al. "Industrial Application of Nickel Tallate Catalyst During Cyclic Steam Stimulation in Boca De Jaruco Reservoir." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206419-ms.

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Abstract A nickel-based catalyst precursor has been synthesized for in-situ upgrading of heavy crude oil that is capable of increasing the efficiency of steam stimulation techniques. The precursor activation occurs due to the decomposition of nickel tallate under hydrothermal conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficiency of in-situ catalytic upgrading of heavy oil from laboratory scale experiments to the field-scale implementation in Boca de Jaruco reservoir. The proposed catalytic composition for in-reservoir chemical transformation of heavy oil and natural bitumen is compose

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Reports on the topic "Organic compound content"

Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, et al. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity becaus

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Chefetz, Benny, and Baoshan Xing. Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides to aliphatic components of soil organic matter. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587241.bard.

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Sorption of hydrophobic compounds to aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM) is poorly understood even though these aliphatic carbons are a major fraction of SOM. The main source of aliphatic compounds in SOM is above- and below-ground plant cuticular materials (cutin, cutan and suberin). As decomposition proceeds, these aliphatic moieties tend to accumulate in soils. Therefore, if we consider that cuticular material contributes significantly to SOM, we can hypothesize that the cuticular materials play an important role in the sorption processes of hydrophobic compounds (including pe

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Jung, Carina, Karl Indest, Matthew Carr, Richard Lance, Lyndsay Carrigee, and Kayla Clark. Properties and detectability of rogue synthetic biology (SynBio) products in complex matrices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45345.

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Synthetic biology (SynBio) aims to rationally engineer or modify traits of an organism or integrate the behaviors of multiple organisms into a singular functional organism through advanced genetic engineering techniques. One objective of this research was to determine the environmental persistence of engineered DNA in the environment. To accomplish this goal, the environmental persistence of legacy engineered DNA building blocks were targeted that laid the foundation for SynBio product development and application giving rise to “post-use products.” These building blocks include genetic constru

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Ardakani, O. H. Organic petrography and thermal maturity of the Paskapoo Formation in the Fox Creek area, west-central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330296.

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The Paskapoo Formation, which ranges in age from middle to upper Paleocene, is the major shallow aquifer in Alberta. This study is part of a larger GSC-led study on the potential environmental impact of hydrocarbon development in the Fox Creek area (west-central Alberta) on shallow aquifers. Fox Creek is located near the northern limit of the Paskapoo Formation. In addition to the underlying organic-rich source rocks in the study area, including the Duvernay Formation that is currently exploited for hydrocarbon resources, the Paskapoo Formation contains organic-rich intervals and coal seams. I

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Silva, M. Preliminary investigation into the explosion potential of volatile organic compounds in WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) CH-TRU (contact-handled--transuranic) waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6731209.

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Lifschitz, Eliezer, and Elliot Meyerowitz. The Relations between Cell Division and Cell Type Specification in Floral and Vegetative Meristems of Tomato and Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613032.bard.

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Meristems were the central issue of our project. Genes that are required for cell division, cell elongation, cell proliferation and cell fate were studied in the tomato system. The analysis of the dUTPase and threonine deaminase genes, along with the dissection of their regulatory regions is completed, while that of the RNR2 and PPO genes is at an advanced stage. All these genes were isolated in our laboratory. In addition, 8 different MADS box genes were studied in transgenic plants and their genetic relevances discovered. We have also shown that a given MADS box gene can modify the polarity

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Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich, and David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.

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Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmen

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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences betwee

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Lichter, Amnon, Joseph L. Smilanick, Dennis A. Margosan, and Susan Lurie. Ethanol for postharvest decay control of table grapes: application and mode of action. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587217.bard.

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Original objectives: Dipping of table grapes in ethanol was determined to be an effective measure to control postharvest gray mold infection caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our objectives were to study the effects of ethanol on B.cinerea and table grapes and to conduct research that will facilitate the implementation of this treatment. Background: Botrytis cinerea is known as the major pathogen of table grapes in cold storage. To date, the only commercial technology to control it relied on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) implemented by either fumigation of storage facilities or from slow release generator pa

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Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari, and Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.

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The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types

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