Academic literature on the topic 'Organic conductor industry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organic conductor industry"
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Mohyud-Din, Syed Tauseef, Adnan, Umar Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Ilyas Khan, T. Abdeljawad, and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar. "Thermal Transport Investigation in Magneto-Radiative GO-MoS2/H2O-C2H6O2 Hybrid Nanofluid Subject to Cattaneo–Christov Model." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 2592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112592.
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Currently, thermal investigation in hybrid colloidal liquids is noteworthy. It has applications in medical sciences, drug delivery, computer chips, electronics, the paint industry, mechanical engineering and to perceive the cancer cell in human body and many more. Therefore, the study is carried out for 3D magnetized hybrid nanofluid by plugging the novel Cattaneo–Christov model and thermal radiations. The dimensionless version of the model is successfully handled via an analytical technique. From the reported analysis, it is examined that Graphene Oxide-molybdenum disulfide/C2H6O2-H2O has better heat transport characteristics and is therefore reliable for industrial and technological purposes. The temperature of Graphene Oxide GO-molybdenum disulfide/C2H6O2-H2O enhances in the presence of thermal relaxation parameter and radiative effects. Also, it is noted that rotational velocity of the hybrid nanofluid rises for stronger magnetic parameter effects. Moreover, prevailed behavior of thermal conductivity of GO-molybdenum disulfide/C2H6O2-H2O is detected which shows that hybrid nanofluids are a better conductor as compared to that of a regular nanofluid.
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Najib, Mukhamad, Ujang Sumarwan, and Stevia Septiani. "ORGANIC FOOD MARKET IN JAVA AND BALI: CONSUMER PROFILE AND MARKETING CHANNEL ANALYSIS." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.447.
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Abstrak
Tren keamanan pangan menjadi isu sensitif dalam industri pangan saat ini. Pertanian organik dapat menjadi alternatif solusi karena memiliki keseimbangan lingkungan, kesehatan, dan kebermanfaatan bagi petani lokal. Namun, tingginya harga produk serta skala produksi yang masih rendah menjadi faktor yang membatasi pertumbuhan pasar pangan organik di dalam negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku konsumen pangan organik, menganalisis saluran pemasaran dan memformulasikan alternatif saluran pemasaran pangan organik dalam negeri. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive dimana kriteria responden adalah mereka yang mengetahui pangan organik dan berdomisili di lima kota besar pulau Jawa dan Bali. Survei saluran pemasaran dilakukan di Jakarta dan Jawa Barat dengan mewawancarai aktor-aktor di setiap rantai nilai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peluang pasar pangan organik cukup besar, karena umumnya responden telah menyadari bahwa pangan organik baik untuk kesehatan. Konsumen pangan organik saat ini termasuk kelompok middle class segment berusia 20-50 tahun, pekerja kantoran dan berpenghasilan di atas Rp 9 juta. Bagi konsumen, label sertifikasi pangan organik lebih penting dari merek. Saluran pemasaran organik sangat bervariasi. Pada pasar B2C pemanfaatan digital marketing dapat meminimalisir risiko finansial petani organik. Sementara pasar B2B dapat dioptimalkan melalui kerjasama perhotelan, restoran, kafe, rumah sakit, dan industri pengolahan makanan sehat, serta didukung kebijakan pemerintah yang selaras.
Kata Kunci: Pangan Organik, Perilaku Konsumen, Saluran Pemasaran, Negara Berkembang
Abstract
The trend of food safety is a sensitive issue in the food industry today. Organic agriculture can be an alternative solution because it has a right balance in terms of the environment, health and benefits for local farmers. However, high prices for organic products and low production scale limit the growth of the domestic organic food market. This research aims to analyze organic food’s consumer behavior, analyze the existing marketing channels and formulate alternative marketing channels for the domestic organic food supply chain. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method in which the criteria for respondents were those who know about organic food and live in five big cities in Java and Bali. The marketing channel survey was conducted in Jakarta and West Java by interviewing each actor in the value chain. The results showed that organic food’s market opportunity was quite large, because the respondents were generally aware that organic food was good for health. Organic food consumers are currently included in the middle-class segment, aged 20-50 years, office workers, and income more than IDR 9 million a month. For consumers, certification labels are more important than brands in organic food. On the one hand, organic marketing channels still vary widely. In the B2C market, the use of digital marketing can minimize the financial risks of organic farmers. On the other hand, the B2B market can be optimized through cooperation in hotels, restaurants, cafes, hospitals, and the healthy food processing industry, supported by government policies.
Keywords: Organic Food, Consumer Behavior, Marketing Channels, Developing Countries
JEL Classifications: D11, F10, F18
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Ashari, NFN, Juwaidah Sharifuddin, Zainal Abidin Mohammed, Nurul Nadia Ramli, and Yong Farmata. "Green Revolution’s Role and Impact: Organic Farming Potential for Indonesian Sustainable Agriculture." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 37, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v37n2.2019.115-125.
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<p>In 1960s, Indonesia experienced serious rice insufficiency and was one of the largest rice importing countries. The government was encouraged to achieve rice self-sufficiency, i.e. implementing the green revolution (GR) technology through promoting modern agricultural inputs adoption. GR had helped Indonesia to achieve rice self- sufficiency in 1984. However, such technology deals with some problems, e.g. environmental destruction and farmers’ dependence on agrochemical industry. Many consider organic farming system is the solution to address this issue as its practice offers the best way toward sustainable food production and resources use. Demand for organic rice is expected to increase in the future along with the population and income growth. However, prospect of organic rice farming is still uncertain as its adoption is very low. The main challenge is farmers’ unease on yield reduction. Other crucial problems are lack of technical know-how and government supports as well as increase in costs of land conversion and chemical contaminations from conventional farming. It is necessary to conduct more in-depth studies on the factors influencing farmers’ willingness to adopt organic farming. It will be useful for the government to design appropriate strategies and policies to accelerate organic rice farming adoption.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Pada 1960-an, Indonesia mengalami kekurangan beras dan termasuk salah satu pengimpor beras terbesar di dunia. Pemerintah saat itu memprioritaskan pemenuhan beras dengan target swasembada dengan berbagai upaya, seperti penerapan teknologi revolusi hijau (RH) melalui penggunaan input pertanian modern. RH terbukti membuat Indonesia mencapai swasembada beras pada tahun 1984. Namun, teknologi tersebut juga telah menyebabkan dampak negatif, terutama kerusakan lingkungan dan petani sangat bergantung pada industri agro- kimia. Beberapa kalangan menganggap sistem pertanian organik adalah solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Pertanian organik menawarkan cara terbaik untuk produksi pangan dan penggunaan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Permintaan beras organik diperkirakan akan meningkat di masa mendatang seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dan pendapatan. Adopsi pertanian organik masih sangat lambat. Tantangan utama pertanian padi organik adalah kekhawatiran anjloknya hasil panen ketika melakukan konversi. Permasalahan lainnya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan teknis dan dukungan pemerintah, mahalnya biaya konversi dan kontaminasi bahan kimia dari pertanian konvensional. Diperlukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi petani untuk mengadopsi pertanian organik. Dengan demikian pemerintah dapat merancang strategi dan kebijakan yang tepat untuk mempercepat adopsi pertanian padi organik.</p>
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O'Ryan, Jorge, and Monica Ozores-Hampton. "(417) The Chilean Organic Wine Industry." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1072A—1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1072a.
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The Chilean organic wine industry has comparative advantages with Europe and the United States because of its ideal environmental conditions, resulting in low presence of pests and diseases and lower production cost. Additionally, the wine production process is one of the strictest in the world, so the transformation from conventional to organic wine production can be achieved economically. A survey was conducted of 32 Chilean organic vineyards during 2004. The survey included 18 questions about total surface area, certification, varieties, final market, etc. The survey covered 95% of the land under organic wine production, with a total of 1892 ha, of which 1088 ha have organic certification and 804 ha are in transition to organic production. The major vineyards and valleys with organic wine production are Maipo (33.7%), Colchagua (17.2%), El Maule (14.0%), Curicó (9.9%), and Cachapoal (8.8%). The most important organic red varieties currently under production are `Cabernet Sauvignon' (40.9%), `Merlot' (15.1%), `Syrah' (9.1%), `Carmenere' (7.3%), `Malbec' (3.3%), and `Pinot Noir' (2.5%). The white varieties are `Sauvignon Blanc' (6.4%), `Chardonnay' (5.1%), and `Semillón' (1.0%). The potential for the organic wine industry in Chile is tremendous since organic vineyards represent only 2% of the total vineyard industry.
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Siswanto, Bambang, and Widowati Widowati. "PENGARUH LIMBAH INDUSTRI AGAR-AGAR RUMPUT LAUT TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG PADA TANAH INCEPTISOL KECAMATAN PANDAAN PASURUAN." BUANA SAINS 18, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v18i1.939.
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Inceptisol is one type of land order that is widely spread in Indonesia. Its distribution reaches approximately 52.0 million hectares (Kasno, 2009). Inceptisol is widely used as an intensive farm because its management is less precise, then most Inceptisol fertility rate becomes low. This is often shown by soil acidity, organic matter content, and low nitrogen, to improve such properties one of which can use the addition of organic matter. The problem that often arises is the high cost of organic fertilizer. Seaweed industry waste is a source of organic material that has not been widely utilized. Of the total raw materials processed, there is 65 to 70 percent of industrial products produced by the seaweed industry waste every day (Mandela. 2010). Usually these side products are only left to accumulate at the landfill site. Seaweed industry waste has the potential to be used as a source of soil organic matter because the organic material content of products of seaweed industry reaches 6.4% (Afif, 2011). The addition of nutrients to the application of inorganic materials is considered as an alternative step in increasing crop productivity. Based on the description above, it is necessary to conduct research to utilize the waste of seaweed industry, to get high corn production in Inceptisol. The objectives of this research are: (1) To know the effect of seaweed industrial solid waste on soil chemical properties Inceptisol and (2) growth of maize. The research was conducted in the greenhouse, while for the analysis of soil samples and the waste of seaweed industry was conducted in soil chemistry and soil physics laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya Universities. The study was conducted from May to August 2016. The soil samples used in this study were taken from Kemirisewu village, Pandaan sub-district, Pasuruan district at a depth of 0-20 cm. The waste of seaweed gel plant is obtained from PT. HAKIKI DONARTA, Pandaan Sub-district, Pasuruan Regency. The basic fertilizers used are Urea, KCl, and TSP. Maize seeds used as indicator plants are hybrid varieties of BISI-2 maize. This study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 (four) treatments and 3 (three) replications. Addition of solid waste of seaweed with the dosage of 15 Mg/ha, increased of soil acidity and C-Organic content, besides also can increase Phosphorus and Potassium content available, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium plant uptake, and the best growth of maize.
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Ibrahim, A., B. G. Yeoh, S. C. Cheah, A. N. Ma, S. Ahmad, T. Y. Chew, R. Raj, and M. J. A. Wahid. "Thermophilic Anaerobic Contact Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1985): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0127.
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The palm oil industry is one of the major agro-based industries in Malaysia whose production accounts for more than 90% of the world export. The industry, however, also generates enormous quantities of liquid waste with high organic load causing serious pollution problems. In view of the high level of organics, anaerobic pretreatment is usually practised prior to aerobic breakdown. Most of the anaerobic digesters installed at the mills are currently operated under mesophilic conditions. However, the inherently high temperature of the effluent suggests that thermophilic digestion would bring about a much more effective system. This paper reports on results obtained from a pilot plant study on thermophilic anaerobic contact digestion of palm oil mill effluent which has been conducted and includes a microbiological study associated with the investigation.
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Friedrich, Heather, Curt Rom, Jennie Popp, Barbara Bellows, Donn Johnson, Dan Horton, Kirk Pomper, David Lockwood, Steve McArtney, and Geoffrey Zehnder. "(418) The Development of a Southern Region Organic Fruit Initiative." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1072B—1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1072b.
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Southern organic fruit production is limited by a lack of regionally appropriate, scale-neutral, and market-focused research and technology. There has been limited research, outreach, and cooperation among universities on organic fruit crops in the southern region. Organic research and outreach activities, based on producer input, must be focused on the most limiting areas of the organic system in order to allow southern producers to receive the economic and environmental benefits that organic agriculture can provide. With funding from USDA-SARE and USDA-SRIPMC, researchers at the University of Arkansas have collaborated with scientists, extension specialists, growers, and representatives of the organic industry in Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee to create a Southern Region Organic Fruit Working Group (SROFWG). The SROFWG conducted in-state focus group meetings through which barriers to production and marketing, and opportunities for organic fruit in the region were identified. Prioritized research and outreach needs that were identified in the focus groups included use and understanding of organic fertilizers and nutrient management; methods, knowledge and awareness of pest disease and weed control including orchard floor management; information on transition to organic; consumer awareness and market development and the economics of organics. The planning activities of the SROFWG support the development and submission of grants for cooperative and collaborative research and outreach programs to sustain and expand organic fruit production in the southern region.
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Chou, Feng-sha, Chih-Chien Wang, Ming-Cheng Lai, Chien-Hui Tung, Yann-Jy Yang, and Kuen-Hung Tsai. "Persuasiveness of organic agricultural products." British Food Journal 122, no. 4 (March 19, 2020): 1289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2019-0868.
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PurposeThe study discusses organic agricultural product persuasion using an empirical survey. This study argued that strong argument persuasive advertising message would trigger individuals' self-reference to the harm of pesticide residue in non-organic agricultural product, which would raise their purchase intention of organic agricultural product.Design/methodology/approachThe present study conducted an empirical investigation in Taiwan by recruiting 527 Taiwanese participants using the convenience sampling procedure. The current research performed structural equation modeling analysis and used LISREL software to report the analytical results.FindingsIndividuals with health consciousness may perceive a high-level risk of non-organic agricultural product, which would raise individuals' fear perception to the harm of pesticide residue. Fear perception will increase individual's purchase intention of organic agricultural product. Results can help industry practitioners benefit from the results by enabling them to develop their advertising strategy for organic food.Originality/valueResults can help industry practitioners benefit from the results by enabling them to develop their advertising strategy for organic food.
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Lay, Abner, Oskar Saka, Nikhson Takaheghesang, and Nicolas Tumbel. "Uji Kinerja dan Kelayakan Alat Pengolahan Limbah Kelapa untuk Pupuk Organik / Test Processing and Fitness Equipment Waste Coconut for Organic Fertilizer." Buletin Palma 17, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.59-69.
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<p>Commonly, processing of organic fertilizer was done manually, not continuous, low capicity, the quality was not uniform and less efficient handling. Therefore it was not running well and affceted to insufficiency of organic fertilizer supply. Because of that, production technique through mechanical system which can be operated at the farmer groups was needed. The objective of this study is to design organic fertilizer machine for coconut waste which can be aplicated in small scalle. The research was conducted in March until December 2012, in Repair Engineering and Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory of Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute and Research and Standardization of Industrial Institute Manado. Organic fertilizer processing equipment consists of several process units, such as leaf midrib of coconut, organic material crusher, sieve, mixing materials and organic manure fermentation bulk. The observed variables were equipment specifications, performance characteristics of the raw material and organic fertilizers and feasibility analysis tools. The results showed that, the organic fertilizer processing machine consists of: a palm leaf counter unit cylinder systems, centrifugal sifter system, crusher organic matter cylinder system, material mixing and fermentation batch, which are operationally feasible, a capacity of about 1.6 tons/day. The organic fertilizers was friable, dark brown in color, contains 1.2% N, 1.0% P, 2.81% K, 0.46 Ca and 0.04% Mg. The financial analysis showed that, application of the organic fertilizer processing coconut waste was feasible and profitable. It can be operated in farmer level.</p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Pengolahan pupuk organik umumnya dilakukan secara manual, tidak kontinu, kapasitas olah rendah, mutu tidak seragam, penanganan kurang efisien. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan usaha pengolahan pupuk organik kurang berkembang, yang berdampak pada ketidakcukupan pupuk organik. Untuk itu, diperlukan teknik produksi pupuk organik sistem mekanis yang praktis dioperasikan pada tingkat kelompok tani. Penelitian bertujuan membuat alat pengolahan pupuk organik limbah kelapa skala kecil yang layak operasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Maret sampai Desember 2012, di Bengkel Rekayasa Alat dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Palma dan Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standarisasi Industri Manado. Pembuatan alat pengolahan pupuk organik terdiri dari beberapa unit proses, yakni pencacah pelepah daun kelapa, penghancur bahan organik, ayakan, pencampur bahan olah dan bak fermentasi pupuk organik, masing-masing dibuat satu unit. Pengamatan terdiri dari spesifikasi alat, kinerja, karakteristik bahan baku dan pupuk organik serta analisis kelayakan alat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat pengolahan pupuk organik limbah kelapa, terdiri dari: unit pencacah daun kelapa sistem silinder, ayakan sistem sentrifugal, penghancur bahan organik sistem silinder, pencampur bahan olah dan bak fermentasi, yang layak operasional, kapasitas olah sekitar 1,6 ton/hari. Pupuk organik limbah kelapa yang dihasilkan bersifat gembur berwarna coklat tua, mengandung hara 1,2 % N, 1,0 % P, 2,81 % K, 0,46% Ca dan 0,04 % Mg. Analisis finansial penggunaan alat pengolahan pupuk organik limbah kelapa adalah layak dan menguntungkan. Alat pengolahan pupuk organik praktis dioperasikan pada skala kelompok tani.</p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Pokój, Tomasz, Zygmunt M. Gusiatin, Katarzyna Bułkowska, and Bogdan Dubis. "Production of Biogas Using Maize Silage Supplemented with Residual Glycerine from Biodiesel Manufacturing." Archives of Environmental Protection 40, no. 4 (December 23, 2014): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2014-0035.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of residual glycerine (5 and 10% w/w) from the biodiesel industry, used as a co-substrate, on biogas production from maize silage. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale, single-stage anaerobic digester at 39ºC and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 60 d. Addition of 5% residual glycerine caused organic load rate (OLR) to increase to 1.82 compared with 1.31 g organic dry matter (ODM) L-1d-1 for maize silage alone. The specific biogas production rate and biogas yield were 1.34 L L-1d-1 and 0.71 L g ODM-1 respectively, i.e. 86% and 30% higher than for maize alone. Increasing the residual glycerine content to 10% increased OLR (2.01 g ODM L-1d-1), but clearly decreased the specific biogas production rate and biogas yield to 0.50 L L-1d-1 and 0.13 L g ODM-1 respectively. This suggested that 10% glycerine content inhibited methanogenic bacteria and organics conversion into biogas. As a result, there was accumulation of propionic and valeric acids throughout the experiment.
Books on the topic "Organic conductor industry"
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Mooney, Peter J. Electroactive polymers: New surge of interest in the 1990s. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1992.
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Schlechter, Mel. Conductive polymers. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2003.
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Miska, Kurt H. Inherently conductive polymers. Norwalk, Conn., U.S.A: Business Communications Co., 1988.
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Schlechter, Melvin. Conductive and electro-optic polymers. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Organic conductor industry"
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Machado, Cristian Rivera, and Hiroshan Hettiarachchi. "Composting as a Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategy: Lessons Learned from Cajicá, Colombia." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 17–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_2.
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AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated in developing countries usually contains a high percentage of organic material. When not properly managed, organic waste is known for creating many environmental issues. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil and water contamination, and air pollution are a few examples. On the other hand, proper and sustainable management of organic waste can not only bring economic gains but also reduce the waste volume that is sent for final disposal. Composting is one such recovery method, in which the end product – compost – eventually helps the agricultural industry, and other sectors, making the process an excellent example of nexus thinking in integrated management of environmental resources. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how Cajicá, a small city in Colombia, approached this issue in a methodical way to eventually became one of the leading organic waste composting examples in the whole world, as recognised by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2017. Cajicá launched a source separation and composting initiative called Green Containers Program (GCP) in 2008, based on a successful pilot project conducted in 2005. The organic waste separated at source collected from households, commercial entities, schools, and universities are brought to a privately operated composting plant chosen by the city to produce compost. The compost plant sells compost to the agricultural sector. The participants in the GCP could also receive a bag of compost every 2 months as a token of appreciation. The Cajicá case presents us with many lessons of good practice, not only in the sustainable management of waste but also in stakeholder engagement. It specifically shows how stakeholders should be brought together for long-lasting collaboration and the benefits to society. Finding the correct business model for the project, efforts made in educating the future generation, and technology adaptation to local conditions are also seen as positive experiences that others can learn from in the case of Cajicá’s GCP. Some of the concerns and potential threats observed include the high dependency GCP has on two institutions: the programme financially depends completely on the municipality, and the composting operation depends completely on one private facility. GCP will benefit from having contingency plans to reduce the risk of having these high dependencies.
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Hosni, Hanin, Drakos Periklis, and George Baourakis. "Consumers Attitude Towards Healthy Food." In Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 167–81. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7039-4.ch007.
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Nowadays the consumer's health consciousness drives the agri-food market. Superfoods or foods with health-related claims, including organic and functional foods, are the latest trend in the food industry. Since entering the market these products are rapidly gaining a remarkable market share worldwide. In this article, the authors conducted a survey of 300 Greek consumers to better understand attitudes towards these products, through the implementation of factor and cluster analysis and linear regression. Analyzing consumers' perception of healthy food products, in particular, organic and functional foods, is the best way to determine the market orientation and to have a clear market segmentation.
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Hamada, Youssef Mohamed. "Risk Management in Agriculture." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 258–92. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2107-5.ch014.
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Risk has always been part of the business of agriculture. It's an industry built on the unpredictable forces of nature. What looks like a promising crop or herd can suddenly fall victim to the weather, insects or disease. Farmers are continually developing new ways to manage risk, from the use of hardier and higher yielding crop varieties and animal breeds to the application of new technologies on the farm to innovative marketing strategies. Smart agricultural policy has also evolved toward risk management programming that helps farmers deal with short-term income fluctuations as a result of risks largely outside their control. But the risks in agriculture today are greater and more complicated than ever before. International competition is fierce. Technological improvements are increasing world production and driving down real commodity prices. Public demand for higher food safety standards and better environmental practices requires new investments in the food system. Advances in science and technology are raising moral and ethical questions about the way food can and should be produced. At the same time, Smart agriculture itself has never been more diverse, ranging from specialty crops planted in small plots to grain farms covering thousands of hectares. In between being livestock operations of all sizes, greenhouses, organic farms and a growing number of agricultural businesses catering to unique consumer demands? It's an environment that is demanding new approaches to how business is conducted on the farm and consequently, how governments conduct agricultural policy.
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Hamada, Youssef Mohamed. "Risk Management in Agriculture." In Risk and Contingency Management, 300–335. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3932-2.ch016.
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Risk has always been part of the business of agriculture. It's an industry built on the unpredictable forces of nature. What looks like a promising crop or herd can suddenly fall victim to the weather, insects or disease. Farmers are continually developing new ways to manage risk, from the use of hardier and higher yielding crop varieties and animal breeds to the application of new technologies on the farm to innovative marketing strategies. Smart agricultural policy has also evolved toward risk management programming that helps farmers deal with short-term income fluctuations as a result of risks largely outside their control. But the risks in agriculture today are greater and more complicated than ever before. International competition is fierce. Technological improvements are increasing world production and driving down real commodity prices. Public demand for higher food safety standards and better environmental practices requires new investments in the food system. Advances in science and technology are raising moral and ethical questions about the way food can and should be produced. At the same time, Smart agriculture itself has never been more diverse, ranging from specialty crops planted in small plots to grain farms covering thousands of hectares. In between being livestock operations of all sizes, greenhouses, organic farms and a growing number of agricultural businesses catering to unique consumer demands? It's an environment that is demanding new approaches to how business is conducted on the farm and consequently, how governments conduct agricultural policy.
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Carlos Valdés Hernández, Roberto, Juan Gabriel Lopez Hernandez, Adelaida Figueroa Villanueva, and Vidblain Amaro Ortega. "Impact of ICT to Improve of the Manufacturing in a SME Biomedical of Mexicali, Mexico." In Concepts, Applications and Emerging Opportunities in Industrial Engineering. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93585.
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This work presents a way to optimize the manufacturing processes in a small biomedical industry considered in the micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (SME) group and located in the Mexicali city, using a specialized software that act as design and test of a new model, being the COSIMIR (Cell Oriented Simulation of Industrial Robots) software. With this software was designed a new industrial process in a workstation separated of the main step of a manufacturing line, where are fabricated biomechanical knees pads. The process was made as a manual activity in a work station and had to be separated from the conveyor belt of the main activities, because where previously made by an automatized device that was failing continually and was delaying the delivery to the next steps of the manufacturing processes and to the customers as a final product fabricated in this industry. In this place of the company, an operation was made to organize the biomechanical knee in a plastic container with divisions and to be transported safe and quickly to other area by a conveyor belt with linear process flow. The investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2019.
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El-Gayar, Omar F., and Martinson Q. Ofori. "Disrupting Agriculture." In AI and Big Data’s Potential for Disruptive Innovation, 174–215. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9687-5.ch007.
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The United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture (FAO) estimates that farmers will need to produce about 70% more food by 2050. To accommodate the growing demand, the agricultural industry has grown from labor-intensive to smart agriculture, or Agriculture 4.0, which includes farm equipment that are enhanced using autonomous unmanned decision systems (robotics), big data, and artificial intelligence. In this chapter, the authors conduct a systematic review focusing on big data and artificial intelligence in agriculture. To further guide the literature review process and organize the findings, they devise a framework based on extant literature. The framework is aimed to capture key aspects of agricultural processes, supporting supply chain, key stakeholders with a particular emphasis on the potential, drivers, and challenges of big data and artificial intelligence. They discuss how this new paradigm may be shaped differently depending on context, namely developed and developing countries.
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El-Gayar, Omar F., and Martinson Q. Ofori. "Disrupting Agriculture." In Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security, 771–812. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch040.
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The United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture (FAO) estimates that farmers will need to produce about 70% more food by 2050. To accommodate the growing demand, the agricultural industry has grown from labor-intensive to smart agriculture, or Agriculture 4.0, which includes farm equipment that are enhanced using autonomous unmanned decision systems (robotics), big data, and artificial intelligence. In this chapter, the authors conduct a systematic review focusing on big data and artificial intelligence in agriculture. To further guide the literature review process and organize the findings, they devise a framework based on extant literature. The framework is aimed to capture key aspects of agricultural processes, supporting supply chain, key stakeholders with a particular emphasis on the potential, drivers, and challenges of big data and artificial intelligence. They discuss how this new paradigm may be shaped differently depending on context, namely developed and developing countries.
Conference papers on the topic "Organic conductor industry"
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Lin, Wamei, Lars Nilsson, and Raffaele Malutta. "Waste Heat Recovery by Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Moist Exhaust Gases From Paper Industry." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71326.
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Large potential exists in recovering waste heat from paper industry processes and machinery. If the overall energy efficiency would be increased, it could lead to significant fuel savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is a very strong candidate for converting low-grade waste heat into power. However, there is a lot of water vapor containing latent heat in the exhaust gases from the drying process in the paper industry. Thus, the aim of this research work is to increase the efficiency of the ORC system by recovering not only the sensible heat but also the latent heat from the exhaust gases in the paper drying process. In order to recover the latent heat from the moist exhaust gases, one idea of this article is to introduce a direct contact condensing unit into the ORC system. The performance of ORC system with the direct contact condensing unit was analyzed by using the CHEMCAD software. A case study was conducted based on data of the exhaust gases from a tissue production / drying machine. Latent heat will be recovered when the evaporating temperature of the ORC working fluid is lower than the dew point of the water vapor in the exhaust gases. The results showed that the available heat load was increased when the evaporating temperature was reduced. Furthermore, a performance comparison of the ORC systems with and without the direct contact condensing unit was carried out in the case study as well. The results showed that the ORC system with the direct contact condensing unit not only could recover latent heat from the water vapor in the exhaust gases but also could have a small size and small volume evaporator in the ORC system.
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Kanai, Taizo, Masahiro Furuya, Takahiro Arai, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Yoshihisa Nishi, Kenetsu Shirakawa, Satoshi Nishimura, and Masaaki Satake. "Effect of Two-Phase Flow Structure in Decontamination Factor of Filtered Containment Venting System." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30385.
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In order to gain the best use of filtered containment venting systems (FCVSs), the decomtamination factor of FCVSs is to be investigated as a function of system parameter including steam flow rate, pressure, temperature, water level, and operating time. A full-height test facilities were designed and constructed in Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan to evaluate the decontamination factor (DF) in FCVSs. The target types are the orifice and the venturi FCVSs. The height and the internal diameter of the cylindrical test vessel is 8 m and 0.5 m. Bubbly flows were visualized through the view window up to 0.8 MPa and 170 °C. Steam bubbles in 0.2 wt% sodium thiosulfate and 0.5 wt% sodium hydroxide were found to be much smaller than those in water. The DF were evaluated for the aerosol, elemental iodine and organic iodine. The installed aerosol optical spectrometer measures the number density and the diameter of aerosols. The concentrations of elemental iodine were quantified with an inductively-coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentration of organic iodine was quantified with a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In order to investigate two-phase flow dynamics in the vessel, separate effect tests were conducted with air-water test facility. The height of cylindrical test vessel is 8 m. Visual observation was conducted for two internal diameter levels: 0.05 and 0.5 m. High speed video frames were recorded through the transparent (acrylic) vessel wall. Wire-Mesh Sensors (WMS) were installed to acquire a cross-sectional void fraction to compare with DF in the facility. On the basis of the obtained database, we develop the FCVSs performance evaluation technique and propose an optimal FCVSs operation method for a further safety improvements of the nuclear power plant.
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Hasdemir, Mehmet, and Füsun Zehra Özkan. "Agricultural Certification Programs Implemented inTurkey and the Extent of their Contributions to Environmental Sustainability." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01772.
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The negative impacts of global-scale developments and consumption habits on the environment are increasing each day. In this context, studies are conducted worldwide by many institutions and non-governmental organizations to support environmental policies. Additionally, certification programs are being executed by conformity assessment bodies to mitigate the impacts of production processes on the environment. These management systems or certification programs are either used on a voluntary basis or made mandatory by company policy, national or international regulations. The certification programs were firstly started to be used in industry and service sectors and are currently being used in agriculture sector. The certification programs used in agriculture sector aim to ensure an environmentally-friendly agricultural production process and improve consumer trust and satisfaction. This study aims to address the extent to which implementation of ISO/IEC 17065 Standard based organic and good agricultural practices and GLOBALG.A.P. certification programs and ISO 14001 Management System Standard have contributed to environmental sustainability in Turkey.
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Tse, Louis A., Antoine Stopin, Gani B. Ganapathi, Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay, and Richard E. Wirz. "Thermal Testing of Organic Fluids for Supercritical Thermal Energy Storage Systems." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18195.
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Concentrating solar power (CSP) continues to advance as worldwide interest in renewable energy continues to grow. CSP technologies, including parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish/engines, provide the unique potential for low-cost thermal energy storage that will ensure that renewable energy can become cost-competitive with traditional fossil fuel sources on a large scale and comprise a significant portion of the global energy portfolio. The challenge is to develop cost-effective thermal energy storage to ensure that renewable energy can become a major part of the national and global energy supply. Storage fluid selection is a critical decision that must fulfill a number of criteria to not only provide long-term reliability, but also to remain cost-competitive in the power generation arena. The state-of-the-art thermal storage design uses a 2-tank molten salt configuration. However, most molten salt mixtures have a relatively high freezing temperature, which poses some system design issues. Additionally, the price of molten salt mixtures is steadily increasing. Current laboratory and industry research efforts have shifted focus to exploration of alternative storage fluids to significantly reduce costs. In this study, several storage fluid candidates have been selected based on an attractive combination of thermodynamic properties, cost, and availability. In this paper, rapid screening of fluid candidates is reported, and an expanded series of thermal cycling and supercritical characterization experiments have been planned and are being implemented to determine the long-term durability of the fluid candidates over a range of operating temperatures for extended periods of time. Commercial-grade materials were used, and in the case of naphthalene and biphenyl, the testing procedure was carefully controlled to prevent sublimation of the sample. This paper presents the results of a study investigating the thermal stability of several organic fluids. Samples were extracted and chemical analyses such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC) were conducted to observe degradation behavior and decomposition pathways. The rapid screening phase provided a timely and effective filter of the best-performing fluid candidates for supercritical thermal energy storage.
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.
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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Lautala, Pasi T., Rosa´rio Ma´ca´rio, Jo¨rn Pachl, J. Riley Edwards, and William J. Sproule. "Developing Railway Higher Education in the European Union and United States." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36025.
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Congestion, emissions generated by transportation, increasing fuel costs and expanding demand for mobility have revived the interest for modern rail transportation throughout the world. Simultaneously, expansion of global trade and increasing demands for technology to improve the safety and productivity of the industry are creating a new environment that requires a different way of thinking when developing railway systems. Overall, the authors believe that current changes provide a fertile ground for institutions of higher education in the United States and the European Union (EU) to increase their transatlantic cooperation in education and research. Recent studies related to railway higher education have been undertaken in Europe and the United States. The European Rail Research Network of Excellence (EURNEX) conducted a study to develop and organize educational and training activities in participating higher education institutions. In Germany, a comprehensive inventory was conducted to define the current level of rail transportation activities in higher education institutions. In the United States, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) conducted a study to determine the type and extent of rail education currently offered on campuses. In addition, a benchmarking study was performed by Michigan Tech University to investigate rail education and recruitment at universities with the objective to define the quantitative and qualitative demands for rail engineers by industry employers. This paper presents a synopsis of these past studies and introduces an on-going “TUNRail” project to “tune” and intensify the railway higher education knowledge exchange and collaboration between the EU and the United States.
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Chan, Wai Hon, Jacqueline Ebner, Rajiv Ramchandra, and Thomas Trabold. "Analysis of Food Waste Resources Available for Sustainable Energy Production in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18189.
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Prior research conducted by our Institute has revealed the large quantities of food waste available in New York State, particularly in the Upstate corridor extending from Buffalo to Syracuse. The Finger Lakes region is heavily populated with agricultural operations, dairy farms and food processing plants, including those producing milk, yogurt, wine, and canned fruits and vegetables. The diverse supply of organic waste generated by these facilities offers the opportunity for sustainable energy production through one of three primary pathways: • Anaerobic digestion to produce methane • Fermentation to produce alcohols • Transesterification to produce biodiesel. Generally speaking, food wastes are better suited for biochemical conversion instead of thermo-chemical conversion (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis) due to their relatively high moisture content. The current paper provides an initial assessment of food wastes within the 9-County Finger Lakes region around Rochester, New York. Available databases were utilized to first identify all the relevant companies operating in one of four broad industry sectors: agriculture, food processing, food distribution and food services (including restaurants). Our analysis has demonstrated that anaerobic digestion can be a viable method for sustainable energy production from food waste in the Finger Lakes region, due to the dual economic benefits of effective disposal cost reduction and production of methane-rich biogas.
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Konell, Jeremiah P., Jack Van Schenck, Joseph P. Bratton, and Steven J. Polasik. "Practical IMP Performance Metrics." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64528.
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Annually or as events occur, operators submit data to various regulatory agencies about the operation, maintenance and extent of their assets. Many of these figures are used by the public, non-profit organizations and private companies to independently conduct assessments about operators, ranging from safety to quality assurance to scope and nature of product deliveries. The Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), the National Energy Board (NEB), and other industry organizations have recently put an emphasis on more meaningful metrics by releasing guidelines and leading discussions at industry conferences and workshops. In order to derive more strategic accuracy and pertinence, Explorer Pipeline Company (Explorer) and Det Norske Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc. (DNV GL) have developed a procedural effort to develop meaningful metrics. Several derivative benefits come from this effort such as support for calculating cost-benefit / ROI figures for maintenance projects, justification for compliance-plus activities and, most importantly, a more informed perspective of operational risk. A renewed approach to this effort is to organize the more meaningful factors into three categories: (1) Metrics of job roles and tasks within Explorer’s Asset Integrity staff, (2) Other existing influential metrics (3) Regulatory metrics. Using this approach, Explorer defined well-targeted, unitized metrics, each with a meaningful basis. Explorer anticipates the development of these more meaningful metrics to support the transparency sought by regulators and other stakeholders, benchmark and continually evaluate our Asset Integrity program and possibly support the development of practical metrics for the pipeline industry.
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Gopakumar, Sunil, Francois Billaut, Eric Fremd, and Manthos Economou. "Pb-Free Process Development for a High End Storage Area Network Application." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33857.
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Lead free solders are being increasingly used in the electronic industry. While most of the electronic products, in terms of volume, are already built lead free, sectors of the industry including high end servers, networking and telecommunications are covered by “lead in solder” exemptions. It is unknown at this point how long these exemptions will last. In addition, many components such as memories have started appearing only in the Pb-free version. As a result, the industry has been pushed to either adopt a mixed assembly process or to transition early to a full Pb-free process. Even though numerous papers have outlined the successful implementation of a Pb-free process, few of them have actually looked at complex high-end multilayer boards in its entirety. This paper focuses on the issues involved in developing an acceptable Pb-free process window for thick, multilayer boards for SMT, Wave soldering, Rework and Press-fit operations. A laminate capable of withstanding Pb-free soldering temperatures was used to construct a 125-mil thick multilayer board with 18 layers which included 8 ground and 10 signal planes. This experiment utilized two popular Pb-free finishes commonly used in the industry: Immersion Silver and high temperature Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP). The widespread SAC 305 alloy with a composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu was used for both SMT and wave soldering. Three sets of assemblies were built: Pb-free, Mixed and Sn/Pb. The mixed assembly mostly used Pb-free components with Sn/Pb solder paste. The impact of increased soldering temperatures on the board, components and reliability of the product were also studied as a part of this research endeavor. Board level reliability tests were conducted by subjecting the boards from 0°C to 100°C Air-to-Air thermal cycling as well as mechanical shock and vibration tests. A suite of reliability and destructive physical analysis (DPA) tests were carried out to establish the quality of the soldering using the eutectic Sn/Pb assembly as the baseline. The study compared the cycling performance of the three sets of assemblies and also looked at the potential impacts of moving to mixed assemblies. Results indicated a reduced process window for Pb-free, especially for the Pb-free wave soldering process due to reduced wetting of the plated through hole barrels as compared to Sn/Pb wave soldering process. The thermal cycling performance of the three sets of assemblies was found to be equivalent after 6000 cycles.
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Gamal, Hany, Salaheldin Elkatatny, Saad Al-Afnan, and Mohamed Bahgat. "Toward Developing Non-Corrosive Acid System for Complex Scales Removal." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21400-ms.
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Abstract Oil and gas industry deals with fluid streams with different ions and concentrations that might cause scale precipitation. The scale precipitation, will thereafter, affect the fluid flow characteristics. Many problems will be raised by the scale deposition that affects the overall petroleum production. This paper aims to develop a non-corrosive acid system with high dissolution efficiency for field complex scales. The paper provided a series of lab analysis that covers the compositional analysis for the collected scale sample, and evaluating the developed acid system for compatible and stable properties, dissolution efficiency, and the corrosive impact. A field scale sample that has a composite chemical composition of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, kaolinite, barium sulfate, magnetite, and halite with different weight percentages by employing the diffraction of X-ray technology. Developing the new scale dissolver was achieved by specific compositional study for the organic acids to achieve high dissolution efficiency and low corrosive impact for the field treatment operations. The study results showed the successful scale removal for the developed dissolver at 160 and 210 °F by dissolution efficiency 100 % for 5 hours. The fluid showed a stable and compatible performance with low rate of solids precipitation after the scale treatment (2.3 %). The developed dissolver has a pH of 9. The corrosion test was conducted without any scale inhibitors and the results showed the low corrosion effect by 0.0129 lbm/ft2. The obtained successful results will help to dissolve such complex field scales, maintain the well equipment, and maintain the petroleum production from scale issues.