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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic electron donors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lowe, Grace A. "Enabling artificial photosynthesis systems with molecular recycling: A review of photo- and electrochemical methods for regenerating organic sacrificial electron donors." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (August 8, 2023): 1198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.88.

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This review surveys advances in the literature that impact organic sacrificial electron donor recycling in artificial photosynthesis. Systems for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction are optimized using sacrificial electron donors. One strategy for coupling carbon dioxide reduction and water oxidation to achieve artificial photosynthesis is to use a redox mediator, or recyclable electron donor. This review highlights photo- and electrochemical methods for recycling amines and NADH analogues that can be used as electron donors in artificial photosynthesis. Important properties of sacrificial

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2

Murphy, John A. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Electron Donors." ChemInform 43, no. 37 (2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201237244.

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3

Garnier, Jean, Douglas W. Thomson, Shengze Zhou, Phillip I. Jolly, Leonard E. A. Berlouis, and John A. Murphy. "Hybrid super electron donors – preparation and reactivity." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (July 3, 2012): 994–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.112.

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Neutral organic electron donors, featuring pyridinylidene–imidazolylidene, pyridinylidene–benzimidazolylidene and imidazolylidene–benzimidazolylidene linkages are reported. The pyridinylidene–benzimidazolylidene and imidazolylidene–benzimidazolylidene hybrid systems were designed to be the first super electron donors to convert iodoarenes to aryl radicals at room temperature, and indeed both show evidence for significant aryl radical formation at room temperature. The stronger pyridinylidene–imidazolylidene donor converts iodoarenes to aryl anions efficiently under appropriate conditions (3 eq

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4

Broggi, Julie, Marion Rollet, Jean-Louis Clément, et al. "Polymerization Initiated by Organic Electron Donors." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 20 (2016): 5994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201600327.

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5

Broggi, Julie, Marion Rollet, Jean-Louis Clément, et al. "Polymerization Initiated by Organic Electron Donors." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 20 (2016): 6098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201600327.

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6

Martin, Julien D., and C. Adam Dyker. "Facile preparation and isolation of neutral organic electron donors based on 4-dimethylaminopyridine." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 6 (2018): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0526.

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A number of new neutral bis-2-(4-dimethylamino)pyridinylidene electron donors featuring N-akyl groups of varying lengths (propyl, butyl, hexyl, dodecyl) have been prepared from 4-dimethylaminopyridine by means of a simple two-step procedure. Each derivative could be isolated in high yield and could be stored indefinitely under inert atmosphere. The electron donors were chemically oxidized to the corresponding bipyridinium ions, and all compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. As an emerging class of electron transfer agents, the availability of the isolated neut

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7

Zhou, Feng, Jing-Hui He, Quan Liu, et al. "Tuning memory performances from WORM to flash or DRAM by structural tailoring with different donor moieties." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 36 (2014): 7674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00943f.

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Four donor–acceptor organic molecules (HATT, HDTT, HETT and HRTT) consisting of different electron donors (phenol, triphenylamine, benzene and carbazole) and the same electron acceptor (triazole) were used as the active layer in NVM (nonvolatile memory) devices.

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8

Xu, Tongle, Yuying Chang, Cenqi Yan, et al. "Fluorinated oligothiophene donors for high-performance nonfullerene small-molecule organic solar cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 6 (2020): 2680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00335b.

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Two oligothiophenes were synthesized and used as electron donors in organic solar cells. The devices with a fluorinated donor (2FDC5T) achieved power conversion efficiencies of up to ca. 9.02% (vs. ca. 7.03% for the non-halogenated donor DC5T).

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9

Broggi, Julie, Thierry Terme, and Patrice Vanelle. "Organic Electron Donors as Powerful Single-Electron Reducing Agents in Organic Synthesis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53, no. 2 (2013): 384–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201209060.

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10

Payne, Rayford B., Darren M. Gentry, Barbara J. Rapp-Giles, Laurence Casalot, and Judy D. Wall. "Uranium Reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Strain G20 and a Cytochrome c3 Mutant." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (2002): 3129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.3129-3132.2002.

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ABSTRACT Previous in vitro experiments with Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Hildenborough demonstrated that extracts containing hydrogenase and cytochrome c 3 could reduce uranium(VI) to uranium(IV) with hydrogen as the electron donor. To test the involvement of these proteins in vivo, a cytochrome c 3 mutant of D. desulfuricans strain G20 was assayed and found to be able to reduce U(VI) with lactate or pyruvate as the electron donor at rates about one-half of those of the wild type. With electrons from hydrogen, the rate was more severely impaired. Cytochrome c 3 appears to be a part of the in

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11

Nocera, Giuseppe, and John A. Murphy. "Ground State Cross-Coupling of Haloarenes with Arenes Initiated by Organic Electron Donors, Formed in situ: An Overview." Synthesis 52, no. 03 (2019): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690614.

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Many reactions have been discovered that lead to coupling of haloarenes to arenes using potassium tert-butoxide as the base, and one of a variety of organic compounds as an additive. The organic additive reacts with the base to form a strong organic electron donor in situ that initiates a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction, by converting the haloarene into an aryl radical. This brief report presents an overview of the wide range of organic additives that can be used, and the organic electron donors that they form.

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12

Zhou, Shengze, Hardeep Farwaha, and John A. Murphy. "The Development of Organic Super Electron Donors." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 66, no. 6 (2012): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2012.418.

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13

Rohrbach, Simon, Rushabh S. Shah, Tell Tuttle, and John A. Murphy. "Neutral Organic Super Electron Donors Made Catalytic." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 33 (2019): 11454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201905814.

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14

Saputra, Beny, Agus Sutanto, Mia Cholvistaria, Suprayitno Suprayitno, and Nala Rahmawati. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PEREDUKSI SULFAT PADA KAWAH AIR PANAS NIRWANA SUOH LAMPUNG BARAT." BIOLOVA 2, no. 2 (2021): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/biolova.v2i2.1089.

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Abstrak: Bakteri pereduksi sulfat atau Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) adalah jenis bakteri obligat anaerob kemolitrotof memanfaatkan donor electron H2. Kemampuan SRB mereduksi sulfat menjadi sulfida mampu mengendapkan logam toksik meliputi Cd, Cu, dan Zn sebagai logam sulfida. SRB memerlukan substrat organik seperti asam piruvat yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas anaerob lainnya. Mekanisme SRB dalam melakukan reduksi sulfat, sulfat digunakan sebagai sumber energi sebagai akseptor elektron dan menggunakan sumber karbon (C) sebagai donor elekton dalam metabolisme dan bahan penyusun sel. Pada kondis

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15

Miao, Junhui, Bin Meng, Jun Liu, and Lixiang Wang. "Small-Molecule Donor/Polymer Acceptor Type Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Terminal Groups of Small-Molecule Donors." Organic Materials 01, no. 01 (2019): 088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401017.

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Small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor type (MD/PA-type) organic solar cells (OSCs) have the great advantage of superior thermal stability. However, very few small molecular donors can match polymer acceptors, leading to low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MD/PA-type OSCs. In this work, we studied the effect of terminal groups of small molecular donors on the optoelectronic properties and OSC device performance of MD/PA-type OSCs. We select a benzodithiophene unit bearing carbazolyl substituents as the core, terthiophene as the bridging unit, and electron-withdrawing methyl 2-cyanoacetate,

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16

Onitsch, Christine, Arnulf Rosspeintner, Gonzalo Angulo, et al. "Donor-Substituted Diphenylacetylene Derivatives Act as Electron Donors and Acceptors." Journal of Organic Chemistry 76, no. 14 (2011): 5628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo2005022.

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17

Murata, Tsuyoshi, Kazuki Kariyazono, Shusaku Ukai, et al. "Trioxotriangulene with carbazole: a donor–acceptor molecule showing strong near-infrared absorption exceeding 1000 nm." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 17 (2019): 3107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00663j.

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A donor–acceptor type trioxotriangulene neutral radical derivative having three carbazolyl groups as electron-donors was newly synthesized, and exhibited a strong near-infrared photo absorption over 1000 nm.

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18

Crociani, Laura. "The Double-Cross of Benzotriazole-Based Polymers as Donors and Acceptors in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells." Molecules 29, no. 15 (2024): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153625.

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered a very promising technology to convert solar energy to electricity and a feasible option for the energy market because of the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and roll-to-roll manufacturing. They are mainly characterized by a bulk heterojunction structure where a polymer donor is blended with an electron acceptor. Their performance is highly affected by the design of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers and the choice of suitable acceptor. In particular, benzotriazole, a typical electron-deficient penta-heterocycle, has been combined with various

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19

Zhao, Yuan, Huan Wang, Weixuan Zeng, et al. "Regulating the optoelectronic properties of small molecule donors with multiple alternative electron-donor and acceptor units for organic solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 17 (2018): 8101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01353e.

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20

Broggi, Julie, Thierry Terme, and Patrice Vanelle. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Electron Donors as Powerful Single-Electron Reducing Agents in Organic Synthesis." ChemInform 45, no. 19 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201419251.

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21

Liu, Shi-Yong, Jae Woong Jung, Chang-Zhi Li, et al. "Three-dimensional molecular donors combined with polymeric acceptors for high performance fullerene-free organic photovoltaic devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 44 (2015): 22162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06639e.

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Two novel diketopyrrolopyrrole-based 3D electron donors are synthesized via direct arylation. Fullerene-free OPVs based on the 3D molecular donor : polymer acceptor show a respectable power conversion efficiency of 4.64%, which outperforms OPVs derived from PC71BM.

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22

Murphy, John A. "Discovery and Development of Organic Super-Electron-Donors." Journal of Organic Chemistry 79, no. 9 (2014): 3731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo500071u.

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23

Rohrbach, Simon, Rushabh S. Shah, Tell Tuttle, and John A. Murphy. "Corrigendum: Neutral Organic Super Electron Donors Made Catalytic." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 43 (2019): 15183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201910425.

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24

Rohrbach, Simon, Rushabh S. Shah, Tell Tuttle, and John A. Murphy. "Berichtigung: Neutral Organic Super Electron Donors Made Catalytic." Angewandte Chemie 131, no. 43 (2019): 15325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201910425.

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25

Yamashita, Yoshiro, and Masaaki Tomura. "Highly polarized electron donors, acceptors and donor–acceptor compounds for organic conductors." Journal of Materials Chemistry 8, no. 9 (1998): 1933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a803151g.

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26

Anderson, Greg M., Iain Cameron, John A. Murphy, and Tell Tuttle. "Predicting the reducing power of organic super electron donors." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26483a.

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27

Li, Shuixing, Zhongqiang Zhang, Minmin Shi, Chang-Zhi Li, and Hongzheng Chen. "Molecular electron acceptors for efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 5 (2017): 3440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07465k.

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28

Himmel, Hans-Jörg. "Guanidines as Reagents in Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reactions and Redox Catalysts." Synlett 29, no. 15 (2018): 1957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610156.

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Redox-active guanidines are ideal proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reagents, since they combine a high Brønsted basicity with a low and tunable redox potential. In this article, the development of redox-active guanidines (especially guanidino-functionalized aromatics, GFAs) in the last ten years is summarized, and their properties compared to other organic Brønsted bases and organic electron donors. First, some applications in organic chemistry that purely use the redox activity (formation of organic donor–acceptor materials and photochemical reductive C–C coupling reactions) are presen

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29

Doni, Eswararao, and John A. Murphy. "Evolution of neutral organic super-electron-donors and their applications." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 46 (2014): 6073–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc48969h.

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30

P, Velichkova, Bratkova S, Angelov A, Nikolova K, Genova P, and Ivanov R. "Utilization of Distillery Wastewater in a Microbial Fuel Cell Based on Microbial Sulfate Reduction." Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000410.

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Simple electron donors (such as lactate, ethanol, glucose, etc.) in the process of microbial sulfate reduction are well studied. In search of new substrates for sulfate-reducing bacteria, multicomponent organic products were investigated. The application of distillery wastewater (vinasse and ethanol stillage) as electron donors in a microbial sulfate reduction process with an integrated microbial fuel cell was studied. The results were compared with those of lactate as a control. The influence of the rate of volumetric sulfate loading on the rate of microbial processes was studied using six di

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31

Wang, Jinfeng, Siwei Liu, Kai Chang, et al. "Synergy effect of electronic characteristics and spatial configurations of electron donors on photovoltaic performance of organic dyes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 41 (2020): 14453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02556a.

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32

Zhou, T. F., X. Y. Ma, W. X. Han, et al. "D–D–A dyes with phenothiazine–carbazole/triphenylamine as double donors in photopolymerization under 455 nm and 532 nm laser beams." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 31 (2016): 5039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00918b.

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33

Kushto, Gary P., Antti J. Makinen, and Paul A. Lane. "Organic Photovoltaic Cells Using Group 10 Metallophthalocyanine Electron Donors." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16, no. 6 (2010): 1552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2010.2052354.

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34

Guidi, Vanina V., Zhou Jin, Devin Busse, William B. Euler, and Brett L. Lucht. "Bis(phosphine Imide)s: Easily Tunable Organic Electron Donors." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 19 (2005): 7737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo051196u.

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35

Zhou, Shengze, Hardeep Farwaha, and John A. Murphy. "ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Organic Super Electron Donors." ChemInform 43, no. 44 (2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201244258.

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36

Mohamed El Amine, Boudia, Yi Zhou, Hongying Li, Qiuwang Wang, Jun Xi, and Cunlu Zhao. "Latest Updates of Single-Junction Organic Solar Cells up to 20% Efficiency." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093895.

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Single-junction organic solar cells have reached a power conversion efficiency of 20% with narrow bandgap non-fullerene electron acceptor materials such as Y6, as well as with large band gap electron donor materials and their derivatives. The power conversion efficiency improvement of single-junction organic solar cells is a result of highly efficient light harvesting in the near-infrared light range and reduced energy losses with the most promising active layer layout currently available, Bulk-Heterojunction. Ternary blending is known to be the most advanced strategy to construct Bulk-Heteroj

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37

Sethio, Daniel, Vytor Oliveira, and Elfi Kraka. "Quantitative Assessment of Tetrel Bonding Utilizing Vibrational Spectroscopy." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112763.

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A set of 35 representative neutral and charged tetrel complexes was investigated with the objective of finding the factors that influence the strength of tetrel bonding involving single bonded C, Si, and Ge donors and double bonded C or Si donors. For the first time, we introduced an intrinsic bond strength measure for tetrel bonding, derived from calculated vibrational spectroscopy data obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory and used this measure to rationalize and order the tetrel bonds. Our study revealed that the strength of tetrel bonds is affected by several factors, such as

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38

Santos, Fabiano S., Elamparuthi Ramasamy, V. Ramamurthy, and Fabiano S. Rodembusch. "Correction: Photoinduced electron transfer across an organic molecular wall: octa acid encapsulated ESIPT dyes as electron donors." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 16, no. 8 (2017): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7pp90026k.

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Correction for ‘Photoinduced electron transfer across an organic molecular wall: octa acid encapsulated ESIPT dyes as electron donors’ by Fabiano S. Santos et al., Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 840–844.

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39

Truong, K. D., A. D. Bandrauk, J. ZAUHAR, and C. Carlose. "Vibrational spectra of two new organic semiconductors: tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) salts of paranitrophenylmalononitrile (PNMA)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 5 (1991): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-132.

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Two new complexes of stoichiometry 2:1 are reported for the donors tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) with the acceptor paranitrophenylmalononitrile (PNPMA). Both compounds are semiconductors with a resistivity of about 4 × 10−4 Ω m for (TMTSF)2PNPMA and 0.58 Ω m for (TTF)2PNPMA. The larger conductivity of the first complex can be attributed to the disorder of the PNPMA anions. Vibrational spectra were obtained by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, in order to determine the degree of charge transfer in these systems. Both complexes have the electron distribution (D+

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40

Galani, Andriani, Daniel Mamais, Constantinos Noutsopoulos, Petra Anastopoulou, and Alexia Varouxaki. "Biotic and Abiotic Biostimulation for the Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium in Contaminated Aquifers." Water 14, no. 1 (2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010089.

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Hexavalent chromium is a carcinogenic heavy metal that needs to be removed effectively from polluted aquifers in order to protect public health and the environment. This work aims to evaluate the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in a contaminated aquifer through the stimulation of indigenous microbial communities with the addition of reductive agents. Soil-column experiments were conducted in the absence of oxygen and at hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) groundwater concentrations in the 1000–2000 μg/L range. Two carbon sources (molasses and EVO) and one iron electron donor (FeSO4·7H2O) were used as

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41

Jiang, Xudong, Yunhua Xu, Xiaohui Wang, et al. "Non-fullerene organic solar cells based on diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers as electron donors and ITIC as an electron acceptor." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 11 (2017): 8069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00494j.

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Non-fullerene organic solar cells based on diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers as electron donors and ITIC as an electron acceptor were studied to show power conversion efficiencies of 4% with external quantum efficiencies above 0.4.

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42

Rueping, Magnus, Pavlo Nikolaienko, Yury Lebedev, and Alina Adams. "Metal-free reduction of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride, formation of SF5 containing ion pairs and the application in fluorinations." Green Chemistry 19, no. 11 (2017): 2571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00877e.

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43

Doni, Eswararao, and John A. Murphy. "Reductive decyanation of malononitriles and cyanoacetates using photoactivated neutral organic super-electron-donors." Org. Chem. Front. 1, no. 9 (2014): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4qo00202d.

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44

Dell’Armi, Edoardo, Marta Maria Rossi, Lucia Taverna, Marco Petrangeli Papini, and Marco Zeppilli. "Evaluation of the Bioelectrochemical Approach and Different Electron Donors for Biological Trichloroethylene Reductive Dechlorination." Toxics 10, no. 1 (2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010037.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) and more in general chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) can be removed from a contaminated matrix thanks to microorganisms able to perform the reductive dechlorination reaction (RD). Due to the lack of electron donors in the contaminated matrix, CAHs’ reductive dechlorination can be stimulated by fermentable organic substrates, which slowly release molecular hydrogen through their fermentation. In this paper, three different electron donors constituted by lactate, hydrogen, and a biocathode of a bioelectrochemical cell have been studied in TCE dechlorination batch

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45

Deng, Qinghui, Keju Wang, Wang Xu, et al. "Enhancement of Microbial and Metabolic Mechanisms in an Aerobic Bioreactor with Immobilized Microflora by Simple and Complex Electron Donors." Water 15, no. 14 (2023): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15142548.

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Microflora immobilization is promising for nutrient removal applications in sewage; however, the metabolic and microbial mechanism needs to be further explored. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacterium and efficient nitrogen (N) removal bacteria were selected and immobilized on corncob particles using alginate polymer to prepare microbe–organic complex beads. The complex beads were then added into activated sludge under a continuous-flow aerobic bioreactor with sufficient sodium acetate also applied as a simple electron donor. The role of polymer electron donors un

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46

Ray, Sreejita, and Beate Paulus. "First-Principles Investigations of Two-Sided Functionalised MoS2 Monolayer." Nanomaterials 15, no. 3 (2025): 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030193.

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In this computational study, we investigate two-sided functionalised MoS2 with alkali metal atoms as donors and the organic acceptor molecule F4TCNQ as an acceptor. Characterisation of functionalised MoS2 involves first-principles calculations within the density functional theory (DFT) framework with a PBE+D3 scheme to investigate the electronic structure and quantify the charge transfer in the two-sided functionalised system in comparison to the one-sided functionalised counterpart. Within the two-sided functionalised systems, there is an increase in the overall charge on MoS2 as a result of

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47

Qian, Bao-Chen, Xiao-Qing Zhu, and Guang-Bin Shen. "Thermodynamic Cards of Classic NADH Models and Their Related Photoexcited States Releasing Hydrides in Nine Elementary Steps and Their Applications." Molecules 30, no. 5 (2025): 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30051053.

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Thermodynamic cards of three classic NADH models (XH), namely 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH), Hantzsch ester (HEH), and 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (AcrH), as well as their photoexcited states (XH*: BNAH*, HEH*, AcrH*) releasing hydrides in nine elementary steps in acetonitrile are established. According to these thermodynamic cards, the thermodynamic reducing abilities of XH* are remarkably enhanced upon photoexcitation, rendering them thermodynamically highly potent electron, hydrogen atom, and hydride donors. The application of these thermodynamic cards to imine reduction is dem

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48

Ruamyart, Chanyathorn, Pongsakorn Chasing, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Vinich Promarak, and Nopporn Ruangsupapichat. "Double anchor indolo[3,2-b]indole-derived metal-free dyes with extra electron donors as efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 17 (2021): 7542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj06256a.

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49

Sierra-Alvarez, R., F. Guerrero, P. Rowlette, S. Freeman, and J. A. Field. "Comparison of chemo-, hetero- and mixotrophic denitrification in laboratory-scale UASBs." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0536.

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This study investigated removal of sulfide and p-cresol linked to denitrification in laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) bioreactors. Three parallel denitrification bioreactors were run for nine months, which were operated under chemolithoautotrophic conditions (i.e., using sulfide as electron donor –e-donor- and bicarbonate as C source); heterotrophic conditions (with p-cresol as e-donor and C source), and mixotrophic conditions (utilizing both sulfide and p-cresol as electron donors), respectively. The average hydraulic retention time and nitrate load applied to the

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Davydov, Alexandr S., and Ivan I. Ukrainskii. "Electron states and electron transport in quasi-one-dimensional molecular systems." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (1985): 1899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-314.

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It is shown that the concept of electron pairs may be introduced in conducting quasi-one-dimensional systems with electron delocalization such as (CH)x and the stacks of molecule-donors and acceptors of electrons TMTSF, TTT, TCNQ, etc. The introduction of pairing proves to be useful and electronic structure and electronic processes can be easily visualized. The two causative factors in the appearance of pairs in a many-electron system with repulsion are pointed out. The first one is the electron Fermi-statistics that does not allow a spatial region to be occupied by more than two electrons. Th

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