Dissertations / Theses: 'Organic Farming development'

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Kullaj, Endrit <1976&gt. "Organic farming policies for a sustainable development of rural Albania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/432/.

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Erikson, Gustaf. "Contract farming and organic rice production in Laos : a transformation analysis." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15657.

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As in many least developed countries the farmers in Laos are heavily dependent on subsistence based agriculture production for their livelihood. A key for increased welfare for the rural population inLaosis to increase their profits of small scale farmers and generate a higher income per capita. One possible way to increase the profits and income for smallholder farmers may be to convert in to organic rice production for the export market, since the international market for organic rice is growing, consumers are prepared to pay a premium prise for organic products and conditions for organic rice production are favourable in Laos. Organic rice farming has grown in Laos during the last decade as greater volumes of organic rice are produced and exported. Organic rice is mainly produced by smallholders in donor projects or by contract farmers supplying contract farming companies. In this thesis I try to determine the causes behind this structural transformation by incorporating evolutionary economic theory (Schumpeter, 1911; Dahmén, 1950 and Marmefelt, 1998) which focuses on entrepreneurial innovations and creditors as the basis for changes in the economy. By performing a Dahménian transformation analysis of the transition from conventional- to organic rice production within the development block around rice production in Laos, I try to determine the transformation pressure causing the transformation to take place. Emphasis is in particular given to the role of contract farming in this process. I investigate to what extent the contract farming firm can be regarded as a Schumpeterian banker, a concept introduced by Marmefelt (1998), that can coordinate the development block around rice production by providing credits to the entrepreneurs within the development block. The analysis shows that two types of transformation pressures are likely to have caused the farmers to convert to organic rice production. First of all it is likely that the relatively higher price paid for organic rice (42 percent higher than conventional rice) has convinced farmers to make the transition. This type of transformation pressure can be seen as a market pull type, as it originates from an increased demand in the international market, which in turn increases the relative price for the product. The analysis further shows that a production method innovation had taken place by the introduction of new inputs, made available by the contract farming firm. This has led to an increased productivity which, combined with the premium price, generated higher profits for the organic contract farmers. The production method innovation can be seen as a market push type of transformation pressure originating from the supply side. In this thesis I argue that it is unlikely that the transformation would have occurred without the involvement of the contract farming firm. On their own, farmers did neither have the means to grow the organic rice, nor the proper market channels to process and sell the organic rice on the international market. I argue that the contract farming firm’s ability to facilitate price signal information from the international market to farmers, provide access to the new market thru market links, and provide credits for new inputs as well as technical assistance essentially made the transition to organic rice possible. However the analysis also shows that the contract farming firm had a limited ability to fulfil its role as a coordinator in the evolvement of the organic rice production, in terms of a Schumpeterian banker, because of limited abilities to solve bottlenecks in the value chain. The reason for this is mainly limited financial resources to finance complementary investments in other parts of the development block.

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Siepmann, Laura. "Winegrowers’ motives and barriers to convert to organic farming in Pfalz and Rheinhessen, Germany." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295037.

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Agricultural practices play a crucial role when discussing sustainable development in the world. Organic farming is a possibility to increase the overall sustainability, because it balances the environmental, economic, social and productive spheres better than conventional farming. Thus, Germany strives to have 20 % of the agricultural land organically certified. However, with current organic farmland at 6.2 %, the goal is far from being reached and conversion rates are slowing down, whereas organic viticulture indicates more successful conversion rates. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate which motives and barriers wine farmers in Pfalz and Rheinhessen, Germany, have to convert to organic farming. Furthermore, it is explored which role one of the world’s biggest retailers, Systembolaget, plays in the decision process to produce organically or not. The study was carried out reviewing literature and through a questionnaire and interviews with, in both cases, eight farmers from the regions of which four were certified organic and four were conventional farmers. Moreover, the five capitals framework, which attempts to assess livelihood strategies, was applied to analyze findings. Results indicate that most motives for organic farming identified in the literature could be placed in the financial, social and human capital, whereas the questionnaire and interviews found as many categories in the natural capital. Barriers to convert to organic farming were most frequent in the natural and physical capital both in the literature and the empirics. However, the findings suggest that a focus lies on the financial and human capital, in which the economic situation and the ideology of a farmer played a crucial role in the decision process. Systembolaget plays a supporting role in the conversion to organic farming, but it is not the driving factor in a conversion process. The findings indicate that policy could consider revising financial support schemes, address ideological barriers against organic farming and decide on the use of copper. Moreover, the organic label as marketing tool could be stressed and the influence of the private sector could be acknowledged in order to reach the organic farmland goal of Germany.

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Beckie, Mary Anne. "Zero tillage and organic farming in Saskatchewan, an interdisciplinary study of the development of sustainable agriculture." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0031/NQ63841.pdf.

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Gomes, Maryjane Diniz de AraÃjo. "Sustainability of organic and conventional family based irrigated cropping systems." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14187.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Family farming has contributed to social development because through millions of small producers it has been a growing industry of entire relevance for the development of the country. Despite the high current production efficiency in agriculture it has been observed many environmental and social impacts, such as: soil erosion, contamination of surface and groundwater, loss of biodiversity, loss of traditional knowledge associated with economic dependence, reducing of job opportunities and income as well as rural exodus and social exclusion. For this reason, in the past few years it has been giving very strong focus on ecological benefits from cultivation of organic products. The general objective of this research is to comparatively analyze, based on indicators of economic, social and environmental indicators, two irrigated cultivation systems of organic and conventional production. The value of production and income of the farmer were respectively evaluated as variables associated to social and economic dimensions. The microbial activity of the soil was used as an environmental variable and the statistical analysis was performed using the program "ASSISTAT 7.5 BETA". The generation of direct jobs per area unit in the conventional tillage system corresponds to the reference values. Nevertheless, the organic system provides a generation of direct jobs that may reach three times the average capacity of employment generation per area unit of irrigated agriculture in the Brazilian semi-arid region, thus creating in a sustainable way, maintenance conditions for peasants. The organic system has a lower risk associated with the economic dimension compared to conventional tillage system. Current useful agricultural areas of the two production units allow them to remain in agricultural activity ensuring the social reproduction of farmers in a scenario with funding from the Pronaf. The results of the evaluated environmental variables demonstrate that production unit with organic farming has higher environmental sustainability, since the soil has good physical and chemical conditions that are more satisfactory to the development of microorganisms.
A agricultura familiar vem contribuindo para o desenvolvimento social, pois atravÃs de seus milhÃes de pequenos produtores Ã um setor em crescimento e de inteira relevÃncia para o desenvolvimento do paÃs. Apesar da elevada eficiÃncia produtiva atual na agricultura, tem se observado diversos impactos ambientais e sociais, tais como erosÃo dos solos, contaminaÃÃo das Ãguas superficiais e subterrÃneas, reduÃÃo da biodiversidade e perda de saberes tradicionais associados, dependÃncia econÃmica, reduÃÃo das oportunidades de trabalho e renda, Ãxodo rural e exclusÃo social. Por este motivo, nos Ãltimos tempos, tem se dado Ãnfase aos benefÃcios ecolÃgicos provenientes do cultivo de produtos orgÃnicos. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar comparativamente, a partir de indicadores de sustentabilidade econÃmica, social e ambiental, dois sistemas irrigados de produÃÃo, um orgÃnico o outro convencional. O valor da produÃÃo e da renda do agricultor foram avaliados como variÃveis associadas com dimensÃes sociais e econÃmicas, respectivamente. A anÃlise estatÃstica dos dados ambientais foi realizada atravÃs do programa âASSISTAT 7.5 BETAâ submetidos Ã anÃlise de variÃncia e as mÃdias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. A geraÃÃo de empregos diretos por unidade de Ãrea no sistema de cultivo convencional corresponde aos valores de referÃncia. JÃ o sistema de cultivo orgÃnico proporciona uma geraÃÃo de empregos diretos que chega a corresponder trÃs vezes Ã mÃdia da capacidade de geraÃÃo de emprego por unidade de Ãrea da agricultura irrigada na regiÃo do semiÃrido brasileiro, criando assim de forma sustentÃvel, condiÃÃes de permanÃncia do homem no campo. O sistema de cultivo orgÃnico apresenta um menor risco associado Ã dimensÃo econÃmica comparativamente ao sistema de cultivo convencional. As superfÃcies agrÃcolas Ãteis atuais das duas unidades de produÃÃo permitem que as mesmas se mantenham na atividade agropecuÃria assegurando a reproduÃÃo social dos agricultores num cenÃrio com financiamento do Pronaf. Os resultados das variÃveis ambientais avaliadas demonstram que a unidade de produÃÃo com cultivo orgÃnico apresenta maior sustentabilidade ambiental, uma vez que o solo encontra-se em condiÃÃes fÃsicas e quÃmicas mais satisfatÃrias para o desenvolvimento dos microrganismos.

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Klang, Linda. "Opportunities and obstacles in the certification process : A case study on the development of the organic production and agriculture in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-6419.

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Organic products have become more and more talked- about in today’s industrial world. The demand for organic products is increasing and the market is continuing to grow bigger. It is important to maintain what these products stand for, being environmental friendly, and to do so strict certification policies are needed. EU has today an international certification body called Regulation (EC) 834/2007 that needs to be followed for export to and within EU. Parts of Tanzania today have certification of some organic products but not in Babati, that lies in the northern of Tanzania in Manyara region where this case study was done. In Babati most of the farmers are smallholder farmers and many of them, founds it difficult to afford an international certification. For the smallholder farmers to get a certification there are two alternatives. One is to go together with other smallholder farmers and apply for a certification like EUs Regulation (EC) 834/2007 as a group and then get to pay lower fees. The other alternative is to go together and start local certification bodies that have fees that are adjusted to local farmers’ income. This case study was conducted between February and March of 2010 in villages around Babati and Babati town. Interviews were held with both organic- and non organic farmers. My goal was to find out if it was possible for Babati to develop the organic agriculture and have an organic market in the future. My conclusion ends up by perceiving that Babati has a very good chance of fulfilling the Regulation (EC) 834/2007 standards. However the farmers’ economical status is an obstacle for the farmers to get an international certification, because of the high cost in inspections and reinspections. But through a local certification body that is adjusted to the smallholder farmers and the environment the farmers can get their certificate and the organic market can be developed in Babati.

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Bayu, Wondimu. "Growth, development and yield responses of sorghum to water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and planting density." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28054.

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Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bayu, W 2004, Growth, development and yield responses of sorghum to water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and planting density, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09202006-093510 / >
Thesis (PhD (Agronomy))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Gao, Ze. "Organic Farming is Coming to Our Valley : The Development of Pumi Eco-Agriculture and the Indigenisation of Modernity in Sino-Myanmar Borderlands." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388436.

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How do indigenous people perceive and practice eco-agriculture, especially when it was introduced as a development project? This thesis aims to delve into this question by focusing on a policy-induced agrarian transition for Pumi community in Sino-Myanmar borderlands. Using ethnographic methods, I intend to offer an intimate account of a provincial programme to facilitate eco-agriculture in this ethnic region. With the conceptual framework presented, the current research starts with the introduction of Pumi agricultural history and indigenous farming knowledge, with a focus on Pumi biocultural heritage. Then, I will examine how the process of ‘indigenisation of modernity’ (Sahlins 2000) has occurred against the backdrop of Pumi eco-agriculture programme. The insights will be distilled from three different aspects, which are agricultural land use, technical practices, and governance issues. For each aspect, I will scrutinise to what degree the government is following an industrial model to design the eco-agriculture agenda which corresponds to the ‘conventionalisation hypothesis’ of organic production (Buck 1997) and is thus in alignment with their long-term strategic goals to ‘modernise’ this borderland region through agricultural transformations, whereas the local Pumi farmers are actively coping with the government’s external interventions, meanwhile searching for the ‘alternative pathway’ towards agricultural modernisation. In the final chapter, I will interpret the motives of the both actors in the programme. For the government, the post-development theory will be employed to provide a critique of the ‘development discourse’ embedded in the agenda. For local farmers, the concept of ‘environmentality’ (Agrawal 2005) will be focused to interpret the Pumi farmers’ motives to indigenise, which ultimately questioning the transforming powers of modernity and globalisation on Pumi agrarian society. Basically, this thesis aims to trace the socio-political processes which drive the ‘agrarian transition’ in a Southeast Asian frontier, and further demonstrate how the resource abundance in the borderlands can underpin intense processes of commodification and dispossession (Nevins and Peluso 2008; Ishikawa 2010; see also Milne and Mahanty, 2015), the implications of which crystallised in an ethnographic context. To a larger extent, this research aims to shed lights on the interactions between social structure and individual agency ― although the Pumi farmers are struggling to survive with the adaptation to modern inputs, they are still marginalised by the structured inequality of the market economy, which limited the farmers’ opportunities to improve their own livelihoods. Furthermore, this research also has significant policy implications as it addresses the issues such as agricultural policy and ethnic relations in the borderland regions. By reflecting upon the overlapping implications of highland livelihoods, agencies, and the transforming powers of social change, the current study aims to build a locally rooted understanding of Pumi eco-agriculture programme, and provide lessons for sustainable planning and future policy-making for rural development in developing countries such as China.

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Tamulynas, Antanas. "Ekologinių ūkių plėtra Lietuvoje 1993–2010 m. ir ją lemiančios priežastys." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110614_125828-27303.

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Darbo tikslas – atskleisti ekologinių ir pereinamojo laikotarpio ūkių raidą Lietuvoje 1993–2010 metais. Magistro darbe keliama hipotezė, kad ekologinių ūkių skaičius ir jų plotai 1993–2010 m. patikimai didėja priklausomai nuo paramos. Atsižvelgiant į darbo tikslą ir keliamą hipotezę, darbe siekiama įvykdyti šiuos uždavinius: • ištirti kaip kito ekologinių ūkių skaičius šalies mastu 1993–2010 metais; • įvertinti ekologinių ūkių plotų kitimo tendencijas; • ištirti kaip patikimai didėjo ekologinių ir pereinamojo laikotarpio ūkių skaičius; • nustatyti kaip kito ekologinių ūkių skaičius apskrityse; • įvertinti ekologinių ūkių plėtrą priklausomai nuo finansinės paramos. Tyrimo metodai: • analizuojant ekologinio ūkininkavimo vystymosi Lietuvoje teorinius pagrindus, naudoti bendramoksliniai tyrimo metodai – loginė mokslinės literatūros ir teisinių dokumentų analizė ir sintezė; • įvertinant ekologinės gamybos ūkių skaičiaus ir jų ploto pokyčius, naudoti statistinių duomenų rinkimo, analizės bei sintezės metodai. Tyrimui atlikti pasirinkti ekologiniai ūkiai ir pereinamojo laikotarpio ūkiai Lietuvos mastu 1993–2010 m.. Darbe naudotos ekologinio ūkininkavimo statistinių duomenų apskaičiavimo formulės (Genienė, 2004), kurių pagalba nustatyta, jog ekologinių ūkių plėtra vyksta nuosekliai didėjančia tvarka, ekologinių ūkių ir pereinamojo laikotarpio ūkių plotai, nors ir mažėjant ekologinių ūkių skaičiui didėja. Vadinasi, ekologinių ūkių bendras ploto dydis nepriklauso nuo jų skaičiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of the study – to analyze the development of organic farming in Lithuania in 1993–2010 and to determine the actual causes of this process. Master's hypothesis is that the number of organic farms and areas significantly increase due to financial support in 1993–2010. Taking in to account the purpose and hypothesis, we meet these challenges: • to investigate the evolution of the number of organic farms nationwide in 1993-2010; • to assess the organic farms size; • to investigate how reliably increased organic farms size and the number of them; • to assess the change of organic farms number by counties; • to evaluate the development of organic farms, depending on the financial support. Research methods: • common scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis of the scientific references and juristically documents were used while analyzing the theoretical reasons of the organic farming’s development; • to evaluate the number of organic farms, their territory and problem – oriented changes, the methods of search for statistical data, analysis and synthesis were practiced. The thesis analyses the number of organic industrial farming’s, their certificated territory and their changes in Lithuania. It also gives the identified and analyzed factors that stimulate organic farming in Lithuania. Also, it presents the influence of national and EU support to the income of organic farmers. After the analysis the conclusion comes that economical support greatly influences the... [to full text]

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Oliveira, Ianna Lucena Rocha de. "Produção familiar orgânica do camarão da malásia (macrobrachium rosenbergii)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9180.

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Shrimp farming is a production area that has a great representation in the aquaculture sector. It offers wide acceptance and economic interests, but its practice has been associated with major environmental and social impacts, imbuing the distrust and disapproval, and then need to invest in more consistent production models with practices that do not generate negative impacts to ecosystems. Therefore, the present study sought to develop methods and techniques for organic production system of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), along with the Fruit Growers Association of the Penha Beach Sea. For this we used a water recirculation system in which water was treated by filter layers and biological processes of two production modules, wherein the first was treated with conventional feed and the second with domestic food produced by the community. The system reached the carrying capacity similar to extensive farming systems with +/- 10 ind/m2 in both treatments. As for growth, the shrimp showed satisfactory development, reaching market size, and the organic shrimp presented the higher mean biomass (25,77g / ind). In assessing the sanitary conditions organic shrimp also had lower contamination values, then better able to sanitization and marketing. Thus, it was attested the feasibility of shrimp farming system and to choose to feed not industrialized, so free of additives, there is the production of healthier bodies and thus better quality for consumption.
A carcinicultura é uma área de produção que apresenta grande representatividade no setor aquícola. Apresenta ampla aceitação e interesse econômico, porém a sua prática vem sendo associada a grandes impactos no âmbito ambiental e social, impregnando-o de desconfiança e desaprovação, sendo então necessário investir em modelos de produção mais compatíveis com práticas que não gerem impactos negativos aos ecossistemas. Portanto, a presente pesquisa buscou desenvolver métodos e técnicas para um sistema de produção orgânica do camarão da Malásia (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), juntamente com a Associação de Produtores de Frutos do Mar da Praia da Penha. Para tanto foi utilizado um sistema de recirculação de água, no qual a água era tratada por camadas filtrantes e processos biológicos em dois módulos de produção, em que o primeiro foi tratado com ração convencional e o segundo com a ração doméstica produzida pela própria comunidade. O sistema alcançou a capacidade suporte semelhante ao de sistemas extensivos de criação com +/- 10 ind/m2 em ambos os tratamentos. Quanto ao crescimento, os camarões apresentaram desenvolvimento satisfatório, alcançando as dimensões de mercado, sendo o camarão orgânico o que apresentou a média de biomassa mais elevada (25,77g/ind). Na avaliação das condições microbiológicas o camarão orgânico também obteve menores valores de contaminação, logo melhores condições sanitárias e comercialização. Sendo assim, ficou atestado a viabilidade do sistema de cultivo do camarão e que ao optar por ração não industrializada, portanto livre de aditivos, há a produção de organismos mais saudáveis e assim de melhor qualidade para o consumo.

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Guo, Huanxiu. "The "New Rural Reconstruction" : movement and sustainable agricultural development in China." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10434/document.

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Cette thèse étudie le mouvement de la Nouvelle Reconstruction Rurale (NRR) sous l'angle du développement durable, en prenant l'exemple concret du village de Sancha, une communauté rurale de la province du Guangxi en Chine. Initié en 2003, la NRR est un réseau national de projets de développement qui réunit des intellectuels, des étudiants et des organisations dont l'objectif estd'expérimenter différents modèles de développement agricole et rural en Chine. Comme alternative à l'industrialisation agricole, la NRR favorise la coopération entre les petits agriculteurs, le savoir-faire local et l'agro-écologie pour le développement durable de l'agriculture. Afin de comprendre ses caractéristiques institutionnelles, son fonctionnement et son impact, nous avons mené une enquête dans le village de Sancha pour collecter des données sur les comportements socio-économiques de petits exploitants agricoles, et proposé trois études de cas sur la NRR. Nos analyses empiriques suggèrent que la NRR a promu le développement de l'agriculture biologique dans le village. Les activités sociales sont efficaces pour la construction du réseau social via lequell'agriculture biologique a été diffusée rapidement. Néanmoins, sans la formation technique suffisante et continue, les paysans récemment convertis à l'agriculture biologique tendent à sur-utiliser l'azote et perdent leur avantage environnemental dans la riziculture. Pour améliorer la performance des petits paysans, l'apprentissage participatif social paraît utile mais limité car les petits agriculteurs sont plutôt tirés par la performance économique que par la protection environnementale. De ces résultats, nous recommandons un partenariat Etat-société civile qui combine les services d'extension agricole du gouvernement et la reconstruction rurale ascendante pour l'objectif commun d'une agriculture durable en Chine
This doctoral thesis studies the New Rural Reconstruction (NRR) movement from a sustainable development perspective, through a concrete case of Sancha village, a rural community in China's Guangxi province. Initiated in 2003, the NRR is a grassroots network of development projects which unites intellectuals, students and organizations to experiment with different models of agricultural and rural development in China. As an alternative to agricultural industrialization, the NRR favors the cooperation of smallholder farmers, local knowledge and agro-ecology for sustainable agricultural development. In order to understand the NRR's institutional characteristics, functioning and impact, we conducted a survey in Sancha village to collect data on smallholder farmers' socio-economic behavior and performed three in-depth NRR case studies. Our empirical analysis suggests that the NRR has promoted the development of organic farming in the village. Social activities are cost-effective for social network building where organic farming is diffused rapidly. Nevertheless, without sufficient, ongoing technical training, farmers newly converted to organic farming tend to overuse nitrogen and lose their environmental advantage in rice production. To improve the performance of smallholder farmers, participatory social learning appears useful but limited because smallholder farmers are interested in economic performance rather than environmental protection. On basis of these results, we recommend a state-civil society partnership which combines the government's agricultural extension services and bottom-up rural reconstruction for the commonobjective of sustainable agriculture in China

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Beban, Alice. "Organic agriculture: an empowering development strategy for small-scale farmers? A Cambodian case study : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/971.

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This thesis explores claims that organic agriculture may be an empowering development strategy by investigating the impacts of conversion to organic farming systems on the lives of small-scale farmers in Cambodia. The thesis interrogates the diverse uses and abuses of the term =empowerment‘ in development rhetoric and argues for an empowerment model that is derived from farmers‘ self-defined concepts of development. This model was used to conduct a qualitative case study involving semistructured interviews and focus groups with members of organics initiatives in seven diverse Cambodian communities. Results indicate that many farmers in all communities felt that their most important objective was not only to achieve food security, but to be able to grow sufficient rice to feed their family. Farmers joined the organics initiatives primarily to improve their health and reduce the cost of farming inputs. As a result of joining the initiatives, all farmers (including both certified and non-certified organic farmers) felt they had improved their health and food security. Most farmers also increased incomes, created stronger family and community ties and felt they had more control over their livelihoods. These benefits were not, however, distributed equally amongst individuals or communities. Very poor and isolated farmers could not generally access benefits. The three main factors that determined the impact of the organics initiatives on farmer empowerment were identified as: the individual‘s level of resources, the strength of the farmer group, and the policies and values of the supporting organisation. The implications for future initiatives are, firstly, the tremendous potential for farmers and wider rural communities to benefit from organic agriculture as a development strategy. However, this study also shows that if organics is to be viable for low-resource people, it may be necessary to promote both resources and techniques in organics initiatives. Also, a focus on building strong relationships both within the farmers group and linkages with local and wider stakeholders may enhance long-term sustainability of organics initiatives.

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Moos, Jan Hendrik [Verfasser]. "Further development of indicators for the assessment of soil biodiversity using the example of earthworms and springtails (Collembola) with particular reference to organic farming / Jan Hendrik Moos." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162156384/34.

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Santos, Felipe Bezerra dos. "Agricultura OrgÃnica como alternativa para a agricultura Familiar e como parte de uma polÃtica de Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel no CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8590.

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O estudo visa propor a utilizaÃÃo da agricultura orgÃnica como base para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, bem como sugere recomendaÃÃes para uma polÃtica agrÃcola que contribua para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel para o Estado do CearÃ. A agricultura familiar apresenta muitos desafios da forma que estÃ sendo executada ao longo dos anos, e alcanÃar a sustentabilidade socioeconÃmica e ambiental fica cada vez mais distante por essa via, principalmente no CearÃ que possui quase 90% de seu territÃrio no semiÃrido e abriga uma parte significante da populaÃÃo. Por sua vez, a produÃÃo orgÃnica iria amenizar ou atÃ mesmo corrigir os efeitos perversos causados pelo mau uso das tÃcnicas agrÃcolas, excessivas em agrotÃxicos, que prejudica o solo e a saÃde das pessoas que os manipulam. Assim, a pesquisa se apoiou num referencial teÃrico sobre agricultura familiar, desenvolvimento econÃmico, regional e desenvolvimento sustentÃvel e nos conceitos de produÃÃo ecologicamente correta, que baseia a agricultura orgÃnica. Na metodologia utilizou-se, principalmente, a pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, com base no acervo disponÃvel em livros, artigos cientÃficos, instituiÃÃes governamentais e em ÃrgÃos oficiais de estatÃstica. Houve uma busca sobre as polÃticas pÃblicas aplicadas Ã agropecuÃria em quatro dÃcadas e para as estatÃsticas sobre o tema, a fonte principal foi o IBGE. Mas, tambÃm, pesquisou-se nas principais fontes relacionadas ao tema, a destacar o MinistÃrio da Agricultura, PecuÃria e Abastecimento (MAPA). Ressalte-se aqui a dificuldade na obtenÃÃo de dados sobre o real tamanho da produÃÃo de orgÃnicos no Brasil, sobretudo no CearÃ e as poucas estatÃsticas existentes nÃo sÃo atualizadas. O estudo mostra que em 40 anos de polÃticas e investimentos direcionados ao setor rural, ainda hÃ 17% dessa populaÃÃo em condiÃÃes de extrema pobreza, sugerindo que o meio tradicional de cultivo empregado nÃo estÃ sendo eficiente no alcance da sustentabilidade pretendida. Evidenciam os efeitos perversos das prÃticas tradicionais da agricultura familiar operacionalizada por meio do uso inadequado do solo, sobretudo pelas queimadas, configurando-se em algumas Ãreas do interior cearense com elevado grau de desertificaÃÃo. Por Ãltimo, o estudo faz recomendaÃÃes para compor uma polÃtica sustentÃvel para a agricultura familiar, com foco na agricultura orgÃnica, tendo em vista ser esta a soluÃÃo mais viÃvel para o Estado do CearÃ, dada as suas caracterÃsticas geoeconÃmicas. AlÃm do que a exigÃncia por produtos limpos cresce a cada dia fazendo da agricultura orgÃnica um potencial a ser explorado.
8 ABSTRACT The study aims to propose the use of organic farming as a basis for strengthening family farming, and suggests recommendations for an agricultural policy that contributes to a sustainable development for the State of CearÃ. The reason lies in the fact that family farms present many challenges in the way theyâre being performed over the years, and achieving socioeconomic and environmental sustainability by this means has become increasingly distant, especially in CearÃ â that has almost 90% of its territory covered by semiarid regions, and is home to a significant portion of the population. On the other hand, organic production would reduce or even correct the adverse effects caused by the misuse of agricultural techniques, excessive in pesticides, that damage the soil and the health of those who handle them. For the purpose, the research was based on a theoretical framework about family farming, economic development, regional development and sustainable development, and on the concepts of environmentally friendly production, on which organic farming is grounded. The methodology used was mainly bibliographic research, based on the collection available in books, scientific articles, government bodies and official statistical agencies. A search on the public policies applied to agriculture in four decades was conducted and the main source for the subjectâs statistics was the IBGE. But a research was also conducted on the main sources related to the topic, among these sources the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Supply (MAPA) stands out. Itâs worth mentioning here the difficulty in obtaining data on the actual size of organic production in Brazil, especially in CearÃ, and the few existing statistics are not updated. The study shows that in 40 years of policies and investments addressed to the rural sector, still 17% of this population lives in extreme poverty, suggesting that the traditional means of cultivation employed arenât efficient in reaching the desired sustainability. It highlights the perverse effects of traditional family farming practices operationalized through inappropriate land use, especially the use of slash-and-burn, becoming in some areas of CearÃâs hinterlands with a high degree of desertification. Finally, the study makes recommendations to create a sustainable policy for family farming, focused on organic farming, since this is the most viable solution for the State of CearÃ, given its geoeconomic characteristics. Besides, the demand for ecologically clean products is growing every day, making organic farming a potential to be explored.

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Barbieri, Pietro. "Can the availability of mineral nutrient be an obstacle to the development of organic agriculture at the global scale ?" Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0432.

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L’agriculture biologique (AB) est souvent présentée comme une alternative prometteuse à l’agriculture conventionnelle, permettant des systèmes alimentaires durables tout en minimisant les impacts environnementaux. La capacité de l’AB à satisfaire la demande alimentaire mondiale reste néanmoins fortement débattue. Plusieurs études ont conclu que l’AB pourrait satisfaire la demande alimentaire globale à condition de réduire simultanément la consommation de produits animaux et les gaspillages. Cependant, ces études n’ont pas pleinement pris en compte les changements d’assolement et de choix d’espèces lorsque les systèmes conventionnels sont convertis en AB. Surtout, ils ont ignoré le rôle clé de la disponibilité en azote (N) dans le maintien des rendements en AB. Dans cette étude, nous avons d’abord réalisé une méta-analyse comparant les rotations de cultures en agriculture biologique et conventionnelle à l’échelle mondiale. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous avons développé une cartographie des espèces cultivées à l’échelle globale sous un scénario de fort développement de l’AB. Nous avons ensuite estimé la production alimentaire grâce au développement de GOANIM (Global Organic Agriculture NItrogen Model), un modèle biophysique et spatialement explicite d’optimisation linéaire simulant le cycle de l’azote (N) et ses effets sur la production alimentaire globale. GOANIM est adapté au cas de l’AB et simule les flux d'azote entre les terres cultivées, les animaux d'élevage et les prairies permanentes, ainsi qu’entre les systèmes agricoles biologiques et conventionnels. Le modèle optimise les populations d’élevage à l’échelle locale afin de maximiser l’approvisionnement en N provenant du fumier, ce qui maximise la production issue des terres cultivées, tout en minimisant la concurrence exercée par les animaux pour les ressources alimentaires. GOANIM a été utilisé pour simuler l’offre alimentaire sous plusieurs scénarios de conversion à l’AB. Ces résultats ont été comparés à différentes estimations de la demande alimentaire mondiale. Nous montrons que la carence en N risque d’être un facteur limitant majeur de la production en AB, entraînant une réduction de -37% de la disponibilité alimentaire à l’échelle globale sous un scénario de conversion à l’AB de 100%. Nous montrons que des taux de conversions inférieurs (jusqu'à 60% des terres agricoles), en coexistence avec l'agriculture conventionnelle, permettent de satisfaire la demande alimentaire mondiale si cette conversion est associée à une évolution conjointe de la demande, telle que la réduction de l'apport énergétique par individu ou du gaspillage alimentaire. Ces travaux contribuent de manière substantielle à mieux comprendre le rôle que l’AB peut jouer dans la transition vers des systèmes alimentaires équitables et durables. Ils indiquent également des voies à suivre pour parvenir à la sécurité alimentaire mondiale
Organic agriculture is often proposed as a promising approach to achieve sustainable food systems while minimizing environmental impacts. Its capacity to meet the global food demand remains, however, debatable. Some studies have investigated this question and have concluded that organic farming could satisfy the global food demand provided that animal product consumption and food waste are reduced. However, these studies have not fully considered the changes in the type of crops grown that occur when conventional farming systems are converted to organic farming. Most importantly, they also have missed a critical ecological phenomenon by not considering the key role that nitrogen (N) cycling plays in sustaining crop yields in organic farming. In this study, we first carried out a global meta-analysis comparing organic vs conventional crop rotations. Based on these results, we developed global spatial explicit maps of the type of crop grown if organic farming was to drastically expand. We then estimated organic global food production using GOANIM (Global Organic Agriculture NItrogen Model), a spatially explicit, biophysical and linear optimization model simulating N cycling in organically managed croplands and its feedback effects on food production. GOANIM explores N flows between croplands, livestock animals and permanent grasslands, and with conventional farming systems. The model optimizes livestock populations at the local scale in order to maximize N supply from livestock manure – hence maximizing cropland production –, while minimizing the animals’ competition for grain food resources. We used GOANIM to simulate several supply-side scenarios of global conversion to organic farming. We then compared the outcomes of these scenarios with different estimates of the global demand, thus leading to complete exploration of the global production-demand options space. We show N deficiency would be a major limiting factor to organic production in a full organic world, leading to an overall -37% reduction in global food availability. Nevertheless, we also show that lower conversion shares (up to 60%) would be feasible in coexistence with conventional farming when coupled with demand-side solutions, such as reduction of the per capita energy intake or food wastage. This work substantially contributes to advancing our understanding of the role that organic farming may play to reach fair and sustainable food systems, and it indicates future pathways for achieving global food security

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Pessoa, Yldry Souza Ramos Queiroz. "Agricultura familiar: uma perspectiva da qualidade de vida do produtor rural org?nico da Para?ba." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17404.

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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Knowledge of quality of life is a very complex and rich in cultural and subjective dimensions, understood in a broad sense and multivariate theme. Considering the rural areas from agriculture, it is observed that the production standard defines significant changes in the environmental context and the quality of life of rural workers. To explain the relationship between quality of life and Family Organic Agriculture, we sought to analyze the quality of life of the organic family farmer, after change in agricultural management. The research, based on a procedure exploratory study supported the articulation theoretically constructed, showed their relevance and allowed to delimit with greater security, the central question of work. The WHOQOL - 100 treated the instrument of research on quality of life that directed the field study with organic farmers from the town of Lagoa Seca / PB. Farmers and family members are from rural regions Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti and Pau Ferro. The average time is 39 years farming and organic family farm is 16 years. In the analysis work was found that the process of production of vegetables and fruits is divided into 08 steps and with respect to workloads observations showed the presence of: physical loads, mechanical stresses, psychological burden and ergonomic factors. Most farmers reported symptoms were fatigue and cramps in the legs . Regarding the quality of life was noticed that the Psychological Domain contributed positively to the quality of life with mean and standard deviation (17.83 ? 12.78) and Domain Environment negatively contributing to the quality of life of this group (9.00 ? 6.82). We conclude that the practice of Family Organic Agriculture should be seen as an effective strategy in promoting quality of life and social values in between, since it presents environmental sustainability with regard to life and socio-cultural diversity of populations
O conhecimento de qualidade de vida ? um tema muito complexo e rico em dimens?es subjetivas e culturais, entendidas em uma percep??o vasta e multivariada. Considerando o meio rural a partir da agricultura, observa-se que o padr?o produtivo define modifica??es expressivas no contexto ambiental e na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores rurais. Para explanar a rela??o entre qualidade de vida e Agricultura Familiar Org?nica, buscou-se analisar a qualidade de vida do agricultor familiar org?nico, ap?s mudan?a no manejo agr?cola. A investiga??o, baseada em um procedimento de estudo explorat?rio, apoiou a articula??o constru?da teoricamente, mostrou sua pertin?ncia e permitiu delimitar, com maior seguran?a, a quest?o central do trabalho. O WHOQOL-100 tratou-se do instrumento de pesquisa sobre qualidade de vida que direcionou o estudo de campo com os agricultores familiares org?nicos da cidade de Lagoa Seca/PB. Os agricultores e membros da fam?lia s?o oriundos das regi?es rurais Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti e Pau Ferro. O tempo m?dio de agricultura ? de 39 anos e na agricultura familiar org?nica ? de 16 anos. Na an?lise do trabalho se verificou que o processo de produ??o de verduras e frutas se divide em 08 etapas e em rela??o ?s cargas de trabalho as observa??es mostraram a presen?a de: cargas f?sicas, cargas mec?nicas, carga psicol?gica e cargas ergon?micas. Os sintomas mais referidos pelos agricultores foram c?imbras e fadiga nas pernas. No que concerne ? qualidade de vida percebeu-se que o Dom?nio Psicol?gico contribuiu positivamente para a Qualidade de Vida com m?dia e desvio (17,83?12,78) e o Dom?nio Ambiente contribuindo negativamente para a Qualidade de Vida deste grupo (9,00?6,82). Conclui-se que a pr?tica da Agricultura Familiar Org?nica deve ser vista como uma estrat?gia eficaz na promo??o da qualidade de vida e de valores sociais nesse meio, uma vez que apresenta sustentabilidade socioambiental que respeita a vida e a diversidade sociocultural das popula??es

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Atilio, Vega Moreno Guido. "The rural agribusiness development and environmental conservation in highland areas of Peru : An analysis of the current and future situation of organic farming in three districts of the Lurin River Basin." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55498.

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Rural agro-industry gives added value to peasant’s agricultural production. In Peru, many small farmers from highland areas are linked in this activity as a means of subsistence. These farmers, since ancient times, have performed all their field activities in balance with nature. In fact, the rural agribusiness has mostly been developed under agroecological principles. The main objective of this thesis the description of the characteristics of rural agribusiness and how this activity based on agroecology contributes to the conservation of the environment in the highland areas of Peru. The situation of rural agribusiness is reviewed from the global and local context of organic agriculture. It has also been taken the region of Lurin River Basin as a case study, where environmental, productive, marketing and institutional characteristics are described. Moreover, a study of the current and future situation using the scenario methods, and an analysis of sustainability is carried out for an organic farmers’ organization called “Association of Ecological Producers of the Lurin River Basin ‘Monticielo’”. Results of this thesis indicate that rural agribusiness in highland areas of Peru, specifically in the Lurin River Basin, is crucial sector it contributes to food security and generating income for rural families, conserve biodiversity and farmers` traditional knowledge has been used to address emerging issues of climate change. However, the main problems facing small producers are productivity, technology, marketing and organization.In the scenario analysis it has been identified that "Organic-point of sale" scenario can become a marketing point of eco-business efficiently, which could increase sales and improve the quality of life for farmers and for the environmental conservation. In conclusion, being closely linked to ecological farming practices, rural agribusiness is an important tool that contributes to the welfare of rural small farmers and environmental conservation.

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Vega, Moreno Guido Atilio. "The rural agribusiness development and environmental conservation in highland areas of Peru : An analysis of the current and future situation of organic farming in three districts of the Lurin River Basin." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33519.

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Rural agro-industry gives added value to peasant‟s agricultural production. In Peru, many small farmers from highland areas are linked in this activity as a means of subsistence. These farmers, since ancient times, have performed all their field activities in balance with nature. In fact, the rural agribusiness has mostly been developed under agroecological principles. The main objective of this thesis the description of the characteristics of rural agribusiness and how this activity based on agroecology contributes to the conservation of the environment in the highland areas of Peru. The situation of rural agribusiness is reviewed from the global and local context of organic agriculture. It has also been taken the region of Lurin River Basin as a case study, where environmental, productive, marketing and institutional characteristics are described. Moreover, a study of the current and future situation using the scenario methods, and an analysis of sustainability is carried out for an organic farmers‟ organization called “Association of Ecological Producers of the Lurin River Basin „Monticielo‟”. Results of this thesis indicate that rural agribusiness in highland areas of Peru, specifically in the Lurin River Basin, is crucial sector it contributes to food security and generating income for rural families, conserve biodiversity and farmers` traditional knowledge has been used to address emerging issues of climate change. However, the main problems facing small producers are productivity, technology, marketing and organization. In the scenario analysis it has been identified that "Organic-point of sale" scenario can become a marketing point of eco-business efficiently, which could increase sales and improve the quality of life for farmers and for the environmental conservation. In conclusion, being closely linked to ecological farming practices, rural agribusiness is an important tool that contributes to the welfare of rural small farmers and environmental conservation.
www.ima,kth.se

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Kisaka-Lwayo, Maggie. "Risk preferences and consumption decisions in organic production: the case of Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/492.

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Despite phenomenal success of the commercial agricultural sector in South Africa and significant progress in integrating smallholders since democratic reforms, food security concerns remain. Recent global increases in food prices have further exacerbated vulnerabilities and made it imperative to examine alternative food production questions in the country. Organic agriculture is identified as one of the sustainable approaches to farming and offers insights towards a paradigm shift in food and nutritional security. Notwithstanding, consumer awareness, knowledge and consumption of organic foods are significantly lower in developing than developed countries. Risks associated with adoption of organic practices need to be explored to address the supply and demand constraints. Similarly, while consumer awareness of organic foods is the first step in developing demand for organic products, it does not necessarily translate to consumption. Therefore it is important to investigate these issues. The objectives of this study were to: (i) describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of organic farmers and consumers; (ii) establish the determinants of farmers‘ decision to participate in organic farming distinguishing between the fully-certified organic, partially-certified organic and non-organic farmers; (iii) elicit farmers risk preferences and empirically analyse farmers sources of risk and risk management strategies; (iv) explore consumer awareness, perceptions and attitudes regarding organic products; and (v) identify the factors that influence consumer‘s preference and consumption of organic products. A total of 400 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 200 smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal and 200 consumers in the Eastern Cape. The KwaZulu-Natal study was conducted earlier and identified the following as major sources of risk, lack of consumer awareness of organic products and lack of information among producers about consumer preferences for organic products. This informed the need to undertake a consumer awareness and preference study, in order to inform producers. The Eastern Cape is a bordering province to KwaZulu-Natal with similar socio economic conditions and a major consumer of produce from KwaZulu-Natal. It was also expected that in the intervening period there could have been awareness about the product. An vii indication of its appeal would not be in the consumption of the product by the people who grow it, but by consumers who reside in bordering regions. Producer and household questionnaires were used to record household activities, socio-economic and institutional data as well as household demographics through personal interviews. The Arrow Pratt Absolute Risk Aversion (APARA) coefficient was used to measure the farmer‘s degree of risk aversion and the experimental gambling approach to establish the risk classification. Consumers were also asked about their awareness and knowledge about organics, attitudes and perceptions towards organics, preference and consumption patterns. The ordered probit results indicate that older farmers, who are less risk averse and reside in the sub-ward Ogagwini, Ezigani, and Hwayi were more likely to be certified organic farmers. Similarly, the propensity to adopt organic farming is positively correlated to household size, livestock ownership, asset base and tenure security. The risk analysis indicates that at higher pay-offs most farmers are intermediate to moderately risk-averse, with little variation according to personal characteristics, and that non-organic farmers tend to be more risk averse than fully-certified and partially-certified farmers. In general, price, production and financial risks were perceived as the most important sources of risk. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), seven principal components (PCs) explaining 66.13% of the variation were extracted. Socio economic factors having a significant effect on the various sources of risk are age, gender, education, location, information access and risk taking ability. The most important traditional risk management strategies used by the surveyed farmers are crop diversification, precautionary savings and participating in social networks. There was general awareness of what constituted organic foods with many consumers associating organic foods with health and nutrition, chemical free and produced using indigenous methods of production. However, there was low awareness of organic products among consumers with little or no knowledge of organic certification and standards. According to the logit model the major factors influencing consumer awareness of organic products are: gender, education, employment status, and location of the respondents, person/household member responsible for shopping and the price perception of the decision maker. The discriminant analysis showed that the consumption of organic products is significantly affected by age of the consumer, viii location, person/household member responsible for shopping, consumer awareness of organics, price perception and label trust. The findings from this study provides useful practical insights for policy makers, farm advisers and researchers in the design of effective and efficient policies, programmes and projects which can affect the adoption of organic practices, increase smallholder farmers capacity to manage risk and drive growth in the organic food market.

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Suzin, Querli Polo. "Promoção de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento sustentável : um estudo sobre os produtores de uva orgânica no Município de São Marcos-RS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/2713.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.

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Tugoz, Jamila El. "O programa nacional de alimentação escolar (PNAE): um estudo da efetividade no cumprimento das ações para fortalecer a agricultura familiar." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/843.

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes that the State must respect, protect and facilitate the action of individuals and communities aiming to feed themselves in dignity, quality of life and citizenship. Brazil has developed state policies aimed at this purpose, among them, the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE), which still faces obstacles that hinder its application fully effectively. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PNAE in carrying out actions to strengthen family farming (AF). For this, the stages of work were established the following specific objectives: to describe National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) and the sustainable development of family farming; to identify perception, behavior and environmental education; to verify financial viability of the production of organic food for school meals; promoting sustainable development of family farming; identification of obstacles to the insertion of the Family Farmer (AF) in the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) through access to the institutional market locally. This study is characterized as a bibliographical, documentary, descriptive and exploratory, quantitative and qualitative research. Data collection was through instruments like Vapercom, questionnaires and structured interviews. The study shows that PNAE and sustainable development have received attention from universities, revealed the diversity of study and graduate programs involved with the theme. However, for the students still need to step up investment, both by government as part of the business community, in awareness campaigns on the subject. Overall, it is essential the continuity and expansion of the PNAE to strengthen food security and development policy of the local family farms, generating jobs and income and playing an important role as an instrument of sustainability in its different dimensions. However, to access and continuity of farmers in PNAE, all these questions that guide or impact the negotiations between Government and farmers, should be discussed and reassessed, seeking measures to enable progress to the sustainable development of local family farmers
A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos estabelece que cabe ao Estado respeitar, proteger e facilitar a ação de indivíduos e comunidades objetivando alimentar-se de forma digna, com qualidade de vida e cidadania. O Brasil tem desenvolvido políticas de Estado voltadas a esse fim, dentre elas, o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), o qual ainda enfrenta entraves que dificultam sua aplicação de forma totalmente eficaz. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a efetividade do PNAE no cumprimento das ações para contribuir com a Agricultura Familiar (AF). Para tanto, as etapas do trabalho foram constituídas dos seguintes objetivos específicos: descrever o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar; analisar o PNAE como instrumento do desenvolvimento sustentável da Agricultura familiar no Núcleo Regional de Toledo - PR; identificar a percepção dos educandos de uma escola pública do estado do Paraná em relação às ações do PNAE voltadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável; verificar a viabilidade financeira da produção agrícola de produtos orgânicos para a merenda escolar das escolas Estaduais do Paraná; identificar os entraves à inserção do Agricultor Familiar (AF) do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) por meio do acesso ao mercado institucional em nível local. Este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, descritiva, bem como exploratória quanti e qualitativa. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de instrumentos como o Vapercom, questionários e entrevistas estruturadas. O estudo evidencia que o PNAE e o desenvolvimento sustentável têm recebido atenção das universidades, revelada pela diversidade de estudos e programas de pós-graduação envolvidos com a temática. Porém, em relação aos educandos, ainda é preciso intensificar os investimentos, tanto por parte governamental quanto do meio empresarial, nas campanhas de divulgação acerca do assunto. De maneira geral, conclui-se ser imprescendível a continuidade e ampliação do PNAE para o fortalecimento de uma política de segurança alimentar e desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar local, gerando emprego e renda e exercendo importante papel enquanto instrumento de sustentabilidade nas suas diferentes dimensões. Contudo, para o acesso e continuidade dos agricultores no PNAE, todas essas questões que norteiam ou impactam a negociação entre Governo e o agricultor, devem ser discutidas e reavaliadas, buscando medidas que possibilitem progredir para o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar local.

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Konečná, Marta. "Role a potenciál ekologického zemědělství v regionálním rozvoji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11068.

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The thesis analyses the position and potential of organic farming in regional development or more precisely rural development in local area of farming of particular organic farms in the Czech Republic environment. It judges correlation among socio-economic indicators, share of organic farming land on agricultural land in the local area and share of less favoured area in administrative local unit of the Municipalities with extended competence. The part of the thesis deals with delimitation of term "Rural area" and its specification in particular patterns, and analysis of the same indicators as mentioned above in each of the pattern.

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Vincent, Audrey. "L’agriculture biologique comme réponse à la pollution de l’eau : apports de la géographie pour comprendre les dynamiques en cours." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2050/document.

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Alors que les législations françaises et européennes fixent des objectifs ambitieux de protection de la qualité des eaux, les problèmes de pollution par les nitrates et les pesticides utilisés en agriculture persistent en France. Dans ce contexte, l’agriculture biologique qui n’utilise ni produits phytosanitaires ni engrais de synthèse, apparait de plus en plus comme une solution possible pour gérer ces problèmes « à la source ». Un objectif de développement de l’agriculture biologique dans les aires d’alimentation des captages en eau potable a ainsi été inscrit dans la loi Grenelle 1 en 2009. Cette thèse analyse pourquoi et comment l’agriculture biologique s’est trouvée convoquée pour répondre aux problèmes de pollution de l’eau. Elle repose sur une analyse multiniveaux des changements en cours, du niveau global de la conception des politiques publiques jusqu’à celui des agriculteurs, cible principale de cette politique en passant par le niveau territorial de mise en oeuvre de projets associant développement de l’agriculture biologique et protection de la qualité de l’eau. Dans un premier temps, l’évolution des politiques de l’eau et de l’agriculture et des référentiels sectoriels qui les sous-tendent est retracée afin de comprendre comment cette mise en relation entre « agriculture biologique et qualité de l’eau » a pu apparaitre dans l’action publique. Dans un second temps, une analyse de quatre projets territoriaux permet d’étudier comment les acteurs locaux se saisissent de cette convocation et s’engagent dans l’action. Une attention particulière est portée à l’analyse des réseaux d’acteurs impliqués et à celle de la diversité des échelles spatiales auxquelles les projets sont mis en oeuvre. Dans un troisième temps, ce sont les représentations qu’ont les agriculteurs de l’enjeu eau et de l’objectif de développement de l’agriculture biologique qui lui est associé qui sont étudiées. Notre discussion est consacrée aux apports des concepts et des méthodes de la géographie à la compréhension des dynamiques de développement territorialisé de l’agriculture biologique. Enfin, nous ouvrons des perspectives de recherche en termes d’analyse des transitions écologiques de l’agriculture, thématique qui a jusqu’ici été peu investie par les géographes
The conservation of water resources is a major issue in France because of the increasing problem of water pollution by nitrates and pesticides used in agriculture. In this context, organic farming is seen as a promising solution to this problem because of its Regulation that prohibits the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. In 2009, the Grenelle Law stated that priority should be given to organic farming in water catchment areas. This research aims at analysing why and how organic farming has been called in to tackle water pollution problems. It is based on a multi-level analysis. Firstly, the evolution over time of water and agriculture policies (as well as the sectorial paradigms that underly them) is analysed in order to understand how « organic farming » and « the protection of water ressources » came to be associated in public policies. Secondly, a case study is carried out to analyse how local stakeholders take up this idea in setting up projects aimed at developing organic farming toprotect water quality. Particular attention is paid to investigating the stakeholder networks andthe geographical scales at which the projects are implemented. Thirdly, social representations that farmers have of the water question and of organic farming are studied. To conclude, this work examines the contribution of geography to the understanding of an emerging feature: the place-based development of organic farming to tackle environmental problems. It creates new research perspectives related to the analysis of ecological transitions of agriculture, a topic that was so far largely ignored by geographers

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Zikmund, Tomáš. "Perspektivy ekologického zemědělství v EU se zaměřením na ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142268.

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The stimulus for the development of organic farming in Europe came in 1924, but the important period for the development were 1970's. The beginning of organic farming in the Czech Republic can be considered as year 1988. Since the beginning of 1990's there has been considerable development of organic agriculture in all European countries. In 2010, there operated 218,500 farms across the European Union, while the total area of organically cultivated land covered 9,181,507 hectares, representing 5.10% of the total utilized area of agricultural land in the EU. Of this number, there were 3,515 farms in the Czech Republic, where the organically cultivated area reached 447,821 hectares. According to the action plan for organic farming in the Czech Republic the goal is to achieve 5,800 farms and 650,000 hectares of organic land in 2015. From the above it is clear that the aim of this thesis is to analyse recent developments, current status and prospects of organic farming in the European Union with an emphasis on the Czech Republic.

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Roy-Belleplaine, Mina. "Le jaden dans la Martinique d’aujourd’hui : Une approche historique et anthropologique d’un objet culturel au cœur des enjeux de développement économique, patrimonial et écologique." Thesis, Antilles, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANTI0147/document.

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Le sujet d’étude de cette recherche est le jardin martiniquais. Celui qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement du jardin des premiers habitants de l’île : les Kalinagos. Il s’agira d’inscrire le jardin dans son contexte historique, économique, social, écologique pour comprendre la place qu’il a occupé dans la construction des sociétés au fil du temps. Notre approche est donc historique et anthropologique.Nous essaierons de mettre en lumière son rôle, ses symboliques et les usages qui gravitent autour du jaden. Dans notre démonstration, nous tenterons de mettre en exergue le rôle de premier plan qu’il a joué au temps des Kalinas et de l’esclavage. Dans un second temps, nous exposerons l’importance qu’il a eue pour les sociétés paysannes qui se mettent en place après 1848 avant de s’attarder sur la place centrale qu’il occupe aujourd’hui. Un jardin qui dispense des valeurs sociétales, jaden résistance qui revient au devant de la scène à chaque temps de crise d’où son importance actuelle. Il sera aussi démontré l’importance écologique du jaden, capable de proposer des solutions aux problématiques agricoles de nos sociétés modernes.Nous découvrirons à quel point la population de la Martinique a pris conscience de l’importance du jaden depuis la crise de 2009, ce qui a contribué à son renouveau. Nous montrerons également à quel point il a su s’adapter pour répondre aux besoins de son temps et perdurer et qui l’inscrit en permanence dans la modernité. Enfin il serait intéressant de le présenter comme un jaden ancien qui peut servir d’exemple pour nos sociétés d’aujourd’hui
The topic of this research is the Martinican garden. The very one which is a legacy of the garden of the first inhabitants of the island : the Kalinagos. It shall be necessary to seat the garden in its historical, social, economic and ecological context to understand the place it has hold in the construction of society over time. Thus, our approach shall be both historical and anthropological. We shall try to shed light on its role, its symbolism and the customs that turn around the jaden. In our demonstration, we shall try to bring out the paramount role it played in the days of the Kalinas and during slavery; then focus on its importance for the rural societies after 1848 and finally reveal its central place this day and age. A garden which conveys societal values, a jaden of resistance that is center stage in time of crisis hence its importance today. The ecological importance of the jaden shall be enlightened, seeing as it is able to offer solutions to the agricultural issues of our modern societies. We shall prove to what extent the Martinican population has become aware of the importance of having a jaden since the crisis of 2009, which contributed to its come back. We shall also tackle the issue of knowing to what extent it has adapted to our current needs and how it has fell within modernity. Last, we shall present it as an ancient jaden that may be a model for our current society
El asunto de esta investigación es el jardín martiniqueño. El que se inscribe en la continuación del jardín de los primeros habitantes de la isla: los kalinagos. Se tratará de estudiar el jardín en su contexto histórico, económico, social, ecológico para comprender el lugar que tuvo en la construcción de las sociedades a lo largo del tiempo. Nuestro enfoque es, entonces, histórico y antropológico.Trataremos de poner de relieve su papel, sus simbólicas y los usos que giran entorno al "jaden".En nuestra demostración intentaremos poner de realce el papel de primer plano que tuvo en la época de los Kalinas y de la esclavitud, y a continuación veremos la importancia que tuvo para las sociedades campesinas que se instalaron después de 1848, antes de tener el lugar central que hoy ocupa. Un jardín que enseña los valores de las sociedades, un jaden de resistencia que hoy regresa delante del escenario, en cada época de crisis, de ahí su importancia actual. También demostraremos la importancia ecológica del jardín, capaz de proponer soluciones a las problemáticas agrícolas de nuestras sociedades modernas.Mostraremos hasta qué punto la población martiniqueña ha tomado conciencia del jardín después de la crisis de 2009, lo que ha favorecido su renacimiento. Mostraremos también cuánto ha podido adaptarse para responder a las necesidades de su época y perdurar , lo que hace de éste, un jardín todavía inscrito en la modernidad. Por fin, Sería interesante presentarlo como un jardín antiguo que puede servir de ejemplo para nuestras sociedades actuales

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Silva, Diogo Clemente. "A agricultura biológica na Beira Interior." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14179.

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O presente estudo sobre a Agricultura Biológica na Beira Interior pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da realidade das explorações agrícolas que praticam actividade pecuária em modo de produção biológico (MPB). No campo teórico procede-se a uma descrição sumária da evolução das medidas agro-ambientais no contexto da Política Agrícola Comum da União Europeia e a uma breve caracterização da Agricultura Biológica em Portugal e em outros países da UE, focalizando também a produção animal em MPB e a região objecto de estudo. No campo empírico recolheu-se informação dos produtores do distrito de Castelo Branco que praticam ou já praticaram MPB, tendo para o efeito sido elaborado um questionário. Das análises estatísticas univaridada e bivariada evidencia-se que os produtores têm dificuldades no cumprimento da legislação associada a MPB e no escoamento de produtos no circuito da agricultura biológica, destacando-se também que no contexto actual o MPB terá o seu futuro condicionado pela continuidade das ajudas agroambientais. Na análise multivariada (factorial em componentes principais) destacaram-se três componentes, a primeira associada a variáveis de dimensão das explorações, a segunda a aspectos MPB e a terceira a técnicas de produção aplicadas; ABSTRACT: In the theoretic part of this work, the evolution of agro-environmental measures in the context so Europeans Union Common Agricultural Policy is summarily described and a brief characterization of Organic Farming in Portugal and other EU countries is given, focusing on the Organic Farming and the region studied. In the empirical part, information about producers in Castelo Branco district that use or have used Organic Farming was gathered, by means of a survey. From the univariate and bivariate statistical analysis is shown that the producers experience difficulty complying with legislation about Organic Farming and selling the products in the Organic Farming circuit, also showing that in the present context Organic Farming will have its future limited by the maintaining of agro-environmental support. In the multivariate analysis (factorial analysis in principal components) three components were highlighted, first were variables related to the dimension of farms, second were Organic Farming aspects and third were the production techniques used.

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Pacífico, Daniela Aparecida. "Impasses na transição para uma agricultura de base ecológica : o Projeto Café de Lerroville-PR." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14712.

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Este trabalho busca compreender como o modelo de substituição de insumos para uma agricultura de base ecológica se tornou falácia do modelo de desenvolvimento rural. Optou-se por estudar o Projeto Café de Lerroville (PCL) e a transição para uma agricultura de base ecológica para analisar como o processo de transição foi definido por aspectos socioculturais, econômicos e políticos. Agentes de desenvolvimento rural propuseram para os cafeicultores de duas comunidades no município de Londrina – PR a inserção das associações à rede de comércio justo solidário. A base teórica deste trabalho busca na perspectiva orientada ao ator e na abordagem agroecológica elementos para entender a constituição e o processo de transição pautado na substituição de insumos. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa são: (i) apresentar o Norte do Paraná e algumas práticas cotidianas e culturais dos agricultores; (ii) analisar o PCL, as técnicas inseridas pela transição e ressaltar ações diretivas ou participativas dos agricultores na mudança de sistema de cultivo; (iii) examinar as relações entre os atores envolvidos, as etapas e a trajetória de transição para uma cafeicultura orgânica. A observação de campo, a vivência no local, as entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas, a construção de mapas genealógicos e mapas das propriedades fazem parte do conjunto metodológico, na intenção de testar a seguinte hipótese: a substituição de insumos do modelo atual de agricultura orgânica incorpora os padrões convencionais de transferência tecnológica, prescreve a transição sem estar atrelada a metodologias participativas e deixa de permitir uma relativa autonomia do agricultor. O nicho de mercado para produtos orgânicos, as representações sociais sobre os sistemas de cultivo, a transferência vertical de conhecimento e o descomprometimento com as normas sociais e os costumes da comunidade (por parte das instituições) definiram a trajetória do Projeto Café de Lerroville. A análise das entrevistas mostrou que os aspectos econômicos e políticos da experiência de transição são o aparente da transição e também explicam a desmotivação dos agricultores com a transição como, por exemplo: o interesse destes pelo nicho do mercado orgânico; a relação conflituosa entre as instituições, agentes de desenvolvimento e agricultores. Os aspectos sociais e culturais estão nos bastidores das explicações sobre o “insucesso” da experiência e foram descobertos durante a pesquisa etnográfica, como por exemplo: a importância das atividades religiosas de lazer para a manutenção social do grupo; as sutis divergências entre as associações que se tornaram uma cooperativa durante a transição e a cultura do café como agente que move e faz a história de vida e da região.
This project sought to understand how the model of replacing supplies towards an ecology-based agriculture became a fallacy of rural development. We focused on the Lerroville Coffee Project (Projeto Café de Lerroville - PCL) and the shift in its work model in order to analyze how the transition to an ecology-based agriculture is defined by socio-cultural, economic, and political aspects. Development agents linked do the state administration proposed to coffee farmers from two communities in Londrina, Brazil that they join the fair trade network. The theory in this project turns to the actororiented perspective and the agro-ecological approach in order to find elements to understand the transition constitution and process based on supply replacement. The specific goals of the research are: introduce the North region of Paraná State as well as some of the farmers’ daily and cultural practices; analyze PCL, the techniques brought about by the transition at hand and highlight directive or participative actions by the farmers on the change in cultivation system; and examine the relation among the actors involved, the steps and the transition pathway toward an organic agriculture. Field observation, on-site experience, structured and semi structured interviews, and building of both genealogical and land maps make up the methodology set, aimed at testing the following hypothesis: The replacement of supplies in the current organic agriculture model incorporates the conventional standards of technology transference, prescribes the transition without linking it to participative methodologies and fails at allowing farmers’ relative autonomy. The market niche for organic products, the social representations about cultivation systems, the vertical transference of knowledge and the lack of commitment with social norms and community habits by the institutions defined the pathway of Lerroville Coffee Project. The analysis of the interviews showed that the economic and political aspects of the transition experience are what shows from the transition and also explain the farmers' lack of motivation regarding the transition such as: their interest to the organic market niche; the confliting relation among institutions, development agents and farmers. The social and cultural aspects are the backstage of the "failure" of the experience and were brought about during the etnographic research such as: the importance of religious leisure activities to the group's social sustenance; the subtle disagreements between the associations which became a cooperative during the transition and the coffee production culture as an agent which drives and makes up a history of life and of the region.

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Mukute, Mutizwa. "Exploring and expanding learning processes in sustainable agriculture workplace contexts." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003421.

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The focus of this study is to explore and expand farmer learning processes in sustainable agriculture workplace contexts. It examines change oriented learning processes in the context of three sustainable agriculture practices. The study begins by discussing the history and emergence of environmental discourses and approaches; sustainable agriculture; and the histories of three kinds of sustainable agriculture practices: Permaculture, Organic Farming and Machobane Farming System. It also traces the evolution of agricultural extension approaches within the wider context of education for sustainable development. The main focus of the study is an exploration of how farmer learning can be mediated through an expansive learning process. The study methodology surfaces some of the contradictions in sustainable agriculture and learning activity systems that farmers encounter in learning and practising sustainable agriculture. It uses these contradictions as sources of expansive learning in and between the respective activity systems of farmers, sustainable agriculture facilitators, agricultural extension workers (conventional) and organic entrepreneurs. As shown in the study, the expansive learning processes result in the modelling, implementation and reviewing of solutions to contradictions being faced in the learning and practice of sustainable agriculture. The study also proposes a number of tools that can be adapted and used by development farmers and agricultural trainers to examine and expand learning as well as build farmer agency. The study was conducted in three case study sites in Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe the study is located in Hwedza district in the St Margaret Primary School and community that learn, practise and facilitate the learning of Permaculture within the Schools and Colleges Permaculture Programme (SCOPE). The second study site is in South Africa: Durban urban and peri-urban areas where a community of organic farmers, facilitators and entrepreneurs coordinate the marketing of their produce through Isidore Farm and Earth Mother Organic and support each other to learn and practise organic farming. The third study site is based in the Mafeteng and Mohale‟s Hoek districts of Lesotho where the focus was on farmers who learn and practise the Machobane Farming System (MFS) and are supported in this by the Rural Self Development Association (RSDA) and the Machobane Agricultural Development Foundation (MADF). Drawing on three sensitising concepts of dialectics, reflexivity and agency, the study worked with Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) underpinned by critical realism to reveal how farmer learning is mediated and expanded. The theory of practice/habitus also provided a useful theoretical lens with which to examine data generated. Using a two-phased, multiple embedded case study approach, the study worked within the broad framework of social learning. It used semi-structured individual and group interviews, observations and document analysis to explore learning processes and generate „mirror‟ data. This data was then used in Change Laboratory Workshops, within the Developmental Work Research methodology, where double stimulation and focus group discussions contributed to expanding learning processes. Drawing on critical realism the study used inductive, abductive and retroductive modes of inference to analyse data in each case study as well as across case studies. The findings of the study reveal that farmer learning is influenced by both intrinsic motives, such as identity, and extrinsic motives which are primarily associated with economic, ecological and health benefits. Farmers learn through scaffolding and mediating tools that link everyday and scientific knowledge. They also learn from fellow farmers through observation, practising and experimentation. Some of the issues that were raised in connection with farmer learning processes are: language; time to learn, practice and appropriate concepts; time to improve the natural resource base while at the same time improving income generation; and responses to climate change. The study also found that farmer learning and practice of sustainable agriculture in the case studies investigated, is influenced by past and current agricultural and educational policies; societal values and attitudes; social and cultural backgrounds; work affordances and gender relations; quality of training offered; poverty; and, HIV and AIDS. In the second phase of the study, which built on the problematic situations being encountered by research participants (sustainable agriculture farmers, sustainable agriculture facilitators, extension workers, and organic marketers) to surface contradictions, the main finding was that the expansive learning process has potential to enhance farmer learning and practice of sustainable agriculture. It does this by mobilising distributed cognition among participants as well as their preparedness to act. Through the expansive learning processes in each case study, research participants were able to question their practices, surface contradictions, model solutions and implement them, and thus build individual, collective and relational agency reflexively. Observation of this required micro-analysis of agentive talk and reflective talk. The study contributes in-depth insight into participatory research and learning processes, especially within the context of people-centred learning and innovation in the agricultural development arena. It provides empirical and explanatory insight into how change oriented social learning can emerge and be expanded in Education for Sustainable Development, explaining learning and change relationships in three sustainable agricultural practices. It also provides learning and extension tools to work with contradictions that arise from intentionality, experience, context and history in farming and training activity systems. Its key contribution lies in providing in-depth insight into mobilisation of human agency and reflexivity in change oriented sustainable agriculture learning and development, processes that are critical for responding to contemporary socio-ecological issues and risks.

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Favreau, Jean-Luc. "Durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique : une analyse de la diversité des situations et des trajectoires d'évolution en Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058072.

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L'agriculture biologique connaît un essor important en France, comme dans la plupart des pays européens. De profondes mutations traversent ce secteur, et de nouveaux modèles de production et de développement apparaissent. Cette thèse se propose d'analyser ces transformations au niveau de l'exploitation agricole, dans le cadre des sciences de gestion, par le biais de la notion de durabilité (en référence à celle de développement durable). L'étude porte sur un échantillon de 74 exploitations de la région Midi-Pyrénées représentant différentes productions. Une première approche apprécie la durabilité de façon synchronique à l'aide d'indicateurs quantitatifs, pour les dimensions agro-écologique, économique et socio-territoriale. Elle fait état de la diversité des formes de durabilité, en lien principalement avec les logiques de fonctionnement des exploitations. Une deuxième approche aborde la durabilité en tant que processus de changement, d'adaptation et d'innovation, par une étude qualitative des trajectoires d'exploitations et des modes de pilotage. Ces études de cas montrent la diversité des trajectoires d'évolution de la durabilité. En dernier lieu, l'analyse met l'accent sur la dimension émergente et incrémentale des dynamiques collectives d'amélioration de la durabilité.

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Gonçalves, Marco Antonio Uberti. "O impacto da reserva legal e da área de preservação permanente sobre pequenas propriedades rurais : um estudo na agricultura ecológica de Antônio Prado/RS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/409.

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As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) e a Reserva Legal (RL) foram estabelecidas por lei como alternativas mitigadoras dos impactos da ação antrópica, funcionando como reguladoras do fluxo da água, de sedimentos e nutrientes, formando ecossistemas estabilizados às margens de rios, lagos e nascentes; atuando na diminuição e filtragem do escoamento superficial e do carregamento de sedimentos para o sistema aquático. Nas pequenas propriedades rurais, onde a agricultura de susbsistência ainda é a regra, seus proprietários encontram dificuldades a uma convivência equilibrada entre a exploração racional da terra e o cumprimento da norma legal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo confrontar essa situação fática vivenciada em algumas pequenas propriedades rurais economicamente sustentáveis, e que utilizam métodos de agricultura ecológica, e as alternativas encontradas no sentido de respeitar a legislação ambiental.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-28T16:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marco Antonio U Goncalves.pdf: 1268807 bytes, checksum: afd48ad6dcc50867d940f76160894e75 (MD5)
Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and the Legal Reservation (RL) were established by law as mitigates alternatives of the impacts on the anthropotic action, functioning as regulators of the water flow, sediments and nutritious, forming ecosystems stabilized on the rivers bank, lakes and springs, acting in the decrease and strain of the superficial drainage and of the shipment of sediments of the aquatic system. In the small rural properties, where the susbsistence agriculture is still the rule, their owners have difficulties in a balanced coexistence between the rational land exploration and the legal norm execution. The present work had as objective confronts this fatidical situation lived in some small rural properties, economically maintainable and the use ofecological agriculture methodos, and the alternatives found on respecting the environmental sense legislation.

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Feuerbacher, Arndt. "Economy-wide Modelling of Seasonal Labour and Natural Resource Policies." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19825.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich methodischen und empirischen Forschungsfragen mit Bezug auf saisonale Arbeitsmärkte und Politiken zur nachhaltigen Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen. Hierfür wird ein gesamtwirtschaftlicher Modellierungsansatz angewendet, für den das im südöstlichen Himalaya gelegene Königreich Bhutan als empirische Fallstudie dient. Das methodische Forschungsziel der Arbeit ist, die Relevanz der Darstellung von saisonalen Arbeitsmärkten innerhalb von allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodellen (sog. CGE Modelle) zu ergründen. Dies stellt eine Neuheit in der Literatur dar. Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass Modelle ohne saisonale Arbeitsmärkte systematisch Ergebnisse, wie Angebotsreaktionen und Wohlstandseffekte, verzerren. Die Saisonalität von Arbeit hat eine hohe Relevanz für gesamtwirtschaftliche Analysen im Kontext landwirtschaftlich geprägter Volkswirtschaften, insbesondere für Untersuchungen des Strukturwandels und agrarpolitischer Interventionen. Empirisch wird die wechselseitige Abhängigkeit von Politiken zum nachhaltigen Management natürlicher Ressourcen mit Zielen des Umweltschutzes und der ländlichen Entwicklung untersucht. Basierend auf unterschiedlichen Modellierungsansätzen, konzentrieren sich drei Studien auf agrar- und forstpolitische Szenarien in Bhutan. Es wird gezeigt, dass Bhutans Ziel, seinen landwirtschaftlichen Sektor auf 100% ökologische Landwirtschaft umzustellen, zu substantiellen Wohlfahrtsverlusten und negativen Folgen für die Ernährungssicherung führen würde. Die Analyse verschiedener forstpolitischer Szenarien demonstriert, dass eine höhere Forstnutzung in Bhutan im Sinne der gesamtwirtschaftlichen und ländlichen Entwicklung nachhaltig möglich ist. Die Arbeit weist auf verschiedene zukünftige Forschungsfelder hin, wie zum Beispiel die Integration von Ökosystemdienstleistungen, was als eine der wesentlichen Einschränkungen bei der modellgestützten Analyse von Politiken zur Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen identifiziert wurde.
Using an economy-wide modelling approach, this dissertation investigates methodological and empirical research questions related to seasonal labour markets and natural resource policies. The Kingdom of Bhutan, located in the south-eastern Himalayas, serves as a case study. The methodological research objective of this thesis is to gain an understanding of the relevance of seasonal labour markets in the context of economy-wide modelling. The depiction of seasonal labour markets at national scale using a seasonal social accounting matrix (SAM) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) model presents a novel development within the literature. It is demonstrated, that the absence of seasonal labour markets leads to systematic bias of model results. The consequences are distorted supply responses and biased welfare effects, underlining the pivotal implications of seasonality for economy-wide analysis in the context of agrarian economies, particularly for scenario analysis involving structural changes and agricultural policy interventions. The empirical research objective addresses the interdependence of natural resource policies with objectives of environmental conservation and rural development. Employing modelling techniques, three studies focus on specific agricultural and forest policy scenarios in Bhutan. Simulating Bhutan’s ambitious policy objective to convert to 100% organic agriculture demonstrates substantial welfare losses and adverse impacts on food security, causing trade-offs with objectives of rural development and food self-sufficiency. Analysing forest policy reforms shows that increased forest utilization contributes to economic development, particularly in rural areas, without jeopardizing the country’s forest conservation agenda. The dissertation points at numerous areas of future research, as for example the incorporation of ecosystem services, which is identified as one key limitation of economy-wide analysis of natural resource policies.

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Jhang, Sian-Yi, and 張獻義. "Residents Perception about the Development of Organic Farming and Leisure Farming in Sibao." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50345859816804465785.

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碩士
國立東華大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
98
Organic farming, which is more concerned in ecological balance and natural nursing, is probably the most harmonious way to get along with nature. Besides farming products, there is also much countless benefit through operating organic agriculture, such as: leisure farming, tourist business and the development in Sibao area. By running an organic ecological environment , and then engaging multifarious leisure activities, organic agribusiness may be an ecological, unpolluted,Living, educational, or experimental, natural farm. We have visited the habitants in Sibao in order to catch the farmers’ intention of organic farming, and to understand what difficulties they had faced. This research is supposed to discuss the situation of organic vegetable farming nowadays and the vision of leisure farming in Sibao area in the future. We also bring up plans for Taroko National Park and Sibao area. We especially expect it could be an expert area of organic mountain vegetable since unpolluted agribusiness in Hualien county has been developed. In this research, seven farmer families , who have lived in Sibao for several generations, are our main coworkers. They supplied much useful information for us no matter in words or by actions. The advanced friendship among us is necessary, of course. When the plans are submitted, we take individual interviews or topic group interviews during the later three months. We observe and record the habitants’ daily routine systematically. According to our dialogue and observation, the work afterward is as follows: 1. to analyze the farmers’ background 2.to collect the farmers’ common sense for the organic 3. to get what they think about the organic farming and if it’s possible to keep constant direction 4. to see the difficulties the farmer are facing while they are engaging the leisure agribusiness 5. to get ideas to link the farming products with the leisure agriculture. We also find out that :1. Sibao is a productive area for mountain vegetable. 2.Sibao is a closed area. It is agreeable to organic farming because it lies fallow every winter. 3.The habitants are long for tourism which might bring flourishing to Sibao. 4.They all have positive attitude towards organic farming and leisure agribusiness.

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Wang, Chia-Hsi, and 王家璽. "An Inquiry into the Construction and Development of Organic Farming Village in Yilan County ── Singjian Organic Farming Village as an Example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gwzz2e.

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碩士
國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
104
Abstract In order to investigate the construction and development of organic farming village of Yilan County, this study took Singjian Organic Farming Village in Sanxing township as an example to gather the information and make a survey. Singjian Organic Farming Village was founded in 2009, and set up Responsibility-guaranteed Yilan County Singjian organic agro-production cooperative next year. The construction and development of Singjian Organic Farming Village can be divided into three periods: 1. Introduction of organic agriculture: some villagers' successful precedents of organic farming helped other villagers believe that organic agriculture is a viable career. 2. Establishment of Organic Farming Village: organic agriculture promoted from individual entrepreneurs to group cooperation and established a production cooperative to sell their products. 3. Expanding of Organic Farming Village: organic farming area increased to about 44.3 hectares, and crop items increased to nine: rice, wesh onion, kumquat, sweet potato, taro, water bamboo, leafy vegetables, corn and pumpkin. This study got the following conclusions by randomly surveying 11 respondents and one production cooperative: 1.Economic production: most respondents raised the demands for organic farming techniques and developed internet marketing, market marketing, vegetable boxes marketing of the production cooperative and other diversified marketing modes. 2.Organic life: most respondents expressed satisfaction with the organic life. 3.Eco-tourism: organic ingredients cooking experience and market culture could promote the development of recreation of Singjian Organic Farming Village. Keywords：organic agriculture, singjian organic farming village, interview survey, construction, development

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Huang, Chong-Chin, and 黃崇智. "The Development and Problems Related to Organic Rice Farming in Chihshang Township, Taitung County." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64448601888629710068.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
公共與文化事務學系區域政策與發展研究碩士班
103
The main crop from Chihshang Township is good quality rice; the rice is of such high quality that it won the national championship in three consecutive competitions in the years 2004, 2005, and 2006. From as early as 1996, the Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station reported that Chihshang had good climatic conditions and fertile soil for the cultivation of organic rice. However, over the last 20 years the progress of organic rice cultivation development has been slow. Which factors limit organic rice development in Chihshang? This study used qualitative interviews in order to collect data that investigated the Chihshang rice cultivation environment, problems related to organic rice cultivation, sales channels, and problems related to the development of organic rice agriculture. The results are as follows: Both Chihshang’s soil and climate are suitable for rice cultivation as its geographical location is in a valley between the Central Mountain Range and the Coastal Mountain Range. The temperature difference between day and night, and excellent irrigation systems, result in the production of the nationally renowned "Chihshang rice." Chihshang organic rice cultivation problems include: disease and pest problems, human resource issues, and organic agricultural produce inspection system and inspection appeal issues. Chihshang organic rice sales are mainly from the three Chihshang grain merchants under the "Chihshang rice" brand. These sales occur in physical stores, and on Internet shopping websites, though there are a minority of farmers also selling organic rice they grew themselves. Chihshang organic rice agriculture development issues: the grain merchants’ purchase price of organic rice is less than the price expected by farmers, as the agricultural materials subsidy project is non-transparent, non-public, and doesn't include the burden of organic rice inspection fees and other issues. It is recommend Chihshang establish an area for specifically growing organic rice to avoid pesticide contamination from conventional farming; the grain merchants should increase the organic rice purchase price, along with the implementation of transparent subsidies; and the government should establish cooperatives, integrating smaller organic farmers, which assists in product sales and supports manpower needs.

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Konstantinidis, Charalampos. "Organic farming and rural transformations in the European Union: A political economy approach." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3545954.

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This dissertation investigates the impact of organic farming for achieving the environmental and social objectives of sustainability in Europe over the past 20 years. Organic farming is considered the poster child of rural development in Europe, often seen as a model of the integration of small-scale production with environmental considerations. Since this model runs counter to the logic of developing capitalist structures in agriculture, I revisit the Marxian predictions regarding the "agrarian question". Furthermore, I trace the discursive changes in support of small-scale production in the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and assess whether small farms have improved their situation under the revised CAP. Subsequently, I use statistical analysis in order to assess the socio-economic and the environmental consequences of the rise in organic farming. Contrary to what is often assumed, organic farms in Europe display larger average sizes and lower rates of labor intensity than their conventional counterparts, casting doubts on the efficacy of organic farms to allow family farmers to remain in the countryside as high-value producers. I argue that this development should be viewed as further evidence of the "conventionalization" of organic farming. In order to explain the process which led to such an outcome, I proceed to explain the different ways through which organic farms could overcome traditional problems which impeded the capitalist development of agriculture. Regarding the environmental implications, I evaluate the rise of organic farming by assessing its impact for different countries' overall pesticide and fertilizer intensity. My results are mixed, with higher organic shares being correlated with decreased application of fertilizer, but less significant results for pesticide intensity. Finally, I present evidence from qualitative work conducted in 2010 in rural Greece which points to the absence of well-established networks among organic producers, and between them and other actors in the chain of distribution. Small producers who switch to organic methods appear unable to reap the benefits from the higher prices and the institutional support for organic farming. Hence, it is larger enterprises which dominate the organic sector. I also examine the role of certification agencies, as a prime recipient of surplus transfers, and question the safeguards of organic enterprises against recent developments in agricultural labor relations, which are highly exploitative of immigrant labor.

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Chen, Yin-yang, and 陳盈源. "The sustainable development of organic agriculture in Taiwan: Perspective of leisure, farming experience and environmental education." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37861586745546739353.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
休閒運動研究所碩士班
100
This study aims to explore the fusion of agricultural production, the life of the peasants and rural ecological leisure service. First, using the data of 2,317 organic farmers in the Taiwan''s organic agriculture industry profile was illustrated. Second, applying the content analysis, the types of service were assessed using120 websites of organic farmers. Third, a questionnaire, including profiles of the organic agriculture, leisure agriculture operation, the perception of organic leisure farm, leisure agriculture objectives and operators statistics, was developed to collect the data of organic agriculture development. The questionnaire survey was conducted from November 7 to January 10, 2011via a mailing. A total of 403 usable questionnaires were obtained. All the data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Empirical results indicated that organic agricultural operators have the needs for development of tourism and leisure. By providing the farming experiences, environmental education, hospitality services, organic farms develop leisure, recreation, and tourism contexts. The sustainable development model of organic agriculture in Taiwan becomes a kind of business model. The operators of organic farms should develop the leisure, recreation, and agricultural services as a sideline for gaining higher profits and improving the professionalize of organic agriculture. Applying the accomplishment of environmental education in the actual farm leisure activities, organic farms can promote their organic agricultural products by an experiential marketing. The organic leisure agriculture has a new opportunity for developing ecotourism contribute to the benefits in assisting the young people to return hometown to engage in organic agriculture. In the future, the organic farms should reinforce the crop picking and develop do-it-yourself activities programs in order to achieve the sustainable development model of the organic agriculture. Finally, several management implications and suggestions for future research were provided.

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Hsieh, Wan-Chih, and 謝宛芝. "The Development of Organic & Eco-Friendly Farming: The Case of Mingjian & Pinglin Tea Region." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2c73tr.

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碩士
元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
107
This paper studies and analyzes the sustainable development of tea culture industry in organic Eco-friendly farming. Through the three theories of market segmentation, business strategy and innovation management, the paper understands the two major tea areas in Pinglin District of New Taipei City and Mingjian Township of Nantou County. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted probing into their tillage, business marketing strategy and environmental sustainability. In addition, through the factor analysis of SPSS software to identify six key success factors: business policy, strategic planning, communication and inheritance, supporting programs, cooperation systems, and product marketing. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of the two major tea areas was carried out through radar charts. The results of the study found, conclusion one: emerging young tea farmers prefer organic friendly crops; conclusion two: six key success factors of organic friendly agriculture promotion; conclusion three: organically cultivated into industrial development advantages; conclusion four: Minjian possesses more diversified products marketing, but is vulnerable to pollution, Conclusion five: Pinglin has policy support, but is limited in land; Recommendation one: Change the farming methods and marketing techniques of tea farmers, Recommendation two: Integrate policy resources and cultivate young entrepreneurs, Recommendation three: Consumers Cognition of organic and friendly products.

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ŠIFTOVÁ, Barbora. "Diverzita aktivit ekologických podniků v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174533.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the multi-functionality of a particular group of organic farms in South Bohemia. Enterprises were then assessed on the basis of specific data they provide and the information in interviews and in terms of benefits and potential habitat, as well as in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. The main part of this work was to conduct its own investigations and visits to farms. The starting material used lists of organic farmers and selected outputs of statistical investigation of the sources ÚZEI and the Ministry of Agriculture and private statistical survey using a questionnaire and a set of questions asked in a controlled interview in personal contact with farmers. Reached a total of 148 organic farms and small farms, of which 69 were willing to provide the required information The result is the evaluation of survey data and information obtained from interviews with farmers, under which options are presented to solving individual problems.

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Thamaga-Chitja, Joyce Magoshi. "Determining the potential for smallholder organic production among three farming groups through the development of an empirical and participatory decision support tool." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/752.

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Organic farming is increasingly viewed as a plausible production system for sustainable agriculture for smallholder farmers. However, there is not enough scientific evidence and knowledge to advocate certified organic farming for African smallholder farmers who face several constraints related to production, storage and marketing. The potential for organic farming for smallholder farmers, faced by these constraints, is not clearly defined. As a result, this study set out to evaluate the production potential of organic agriculture among three smallholder farmer groups. Production questions were used to investigate and evaluate the potential for organic agriculture among three smallholder farmer groups and constituted the following subproblems: · What crops can be grown in the three study areas, based on climatic data ? · Do farmers concur that these are the most suitable potential organic crops? · How useful do the farmers find the decision making tool? · What constraints threaten commercial production of the identified crops for these farmers? Participatory methodologies that included the use of Force Field Analysis, discussions and workshops were used to identify organic production constraints related to production decisions. Farmers faced constraints related to finance, capacity enhancement, technical knowledge, fencing, irrigation, and a lack of, or inappropriately trained extension officers. As a response to identified production constraints, a decision support tool was developed. Natural resource data, including climatic and agronomic data, was used to create a specially calibrated Microsoft Excel spreadsheet interface that functions as an empirical organic production decision support tool for organic and aspirant organic smallholder farmers, by providing answers for farmer-prioritised production constraints. A list of potential crops for each of the three study areas was subjected to a series of checks against suitability for climate and disease conditions and nutrient requirements. A limited supply of manure, to meet the enormously high requirements for organic production in the poor soils of these areas, is the major constraint to exclusive organic production and renders certified organic production difficult and unsustainable. Farmers disagreed with some of the crops on the list, arguing that familiar crops were rejected by the model, but they were excited by the prospects for production of “new” crops suggested as suitable by the decision support tool, but not yet grown in the study areas. End users welcomed the model and expressed the opinion that it would be useful in decision making related to organic crop production. The study concludes that, although a number of agronomically-suitable crops can grow in the study areas, organic production is restricted by rather high manure requirements, lack of compost making skills, lack of knowledge on natural pest and disease control and poorly nourished soils, leading to poor yields. The rainy season creates a disease-supporting environment, rendering organic farming risky for rain-fed smallholder farming. Risk in certified organic farming for smallholders was further exacerbated by a hardly inconducive policy environment that low literacy levels exist amongst farmers. This study is innovative for three reasons. First, farmers were true participants and drivers of the research. Second, trans-disciplinary expert seminars were attended by experts from different disciplines who critiqued the conceptualisation, design, and implementation of the study. Third, the development of a practical decision-support tool shows innovation towards solving complex smallholder farmers decisions. If organic farming is to be promoted, commitment by government is needed in order to establish policy and legislation on organic farming to direct and govern training, information provision and marketing. Intensive training and knowledge building of organic production for smallholder farmers and extension officers is critical. There are also agroecological risks associated with organic farming for smallholder farmers. Recommendations for future research include comparison between organic agriculture and conventional agriculture, where sustainability of certified organic farming and economic viability can be conducted in the South African context. Improvement of the decision making tool will require involving information technology specialists so that the tool can be installed in community centres, extension offices and other accessible places for farmers and others.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

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GONDEKOVÁ, Hana. "Vývoj nabídky a cenových relací biopotravin." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174174.

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The aim of the thesis is "Development of offer and prices of organic food". Organic farming and its development in Czech Republic, legislation, control mechanisms in organic farming are described in theoretical part, including market discription with organic food in Czech Republic and Europe. Second part describes customer questionnaire survey in model shop. Than was performed a control purchase. The last part is the analysis of price developments and price comparison of organic and conventional nutritive.

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Ndokweni, Mimi Faith. "Improving sustainable livelihoods through organic produce marketing opportunities : evaluation of the Ezemvelo Farmers Organisation." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9383.

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For many poor rural South African communities, involvement in agriculture remains one of their most secure livelihood strategies. For the majority of these people, indigenous knowledge and the use of local materials, resources and skills is often the only asset they possess. The Ezemvelo Farmers Organisation (EFO) from the community of Embo in KwaZulu-Natal is one such group of rural people befitting this description. In the absence of financial resources to purchase relatively expensive agricultural inputs, accompanied by a lack of infrastructural development in their community, EFO farmers have become organic farmers by default. EFO members produce mainly traditional organic crops. However, little has been documented about the potential value of trade in these products. The purpose of this study was to explore potential marketing opportunities for traditional organic products through the mobilisation of indigenous knowledge, skills, and natural resources to improve the livelihoods of EFO members. A research team of three postgraduate students, each involved in his/her own independent study, worked in collaboration to collect relevant research information. Five data collection tools were used to collect this information. These were a household survey, a sustainable livelihoods analysis, a forcefield analysis, a stakeholder analysis, and a workshop. Research results showed that there are five stakeholders involved in EFO activities, each with his/her own personal interests. EFO members mainly produce amadumbe, sweet potatoes, and potatoes, which they market to a packhouse, the local community, and to hawkers. Other crop varieties are produced for household consumption and small quantities are sold to the local community and hawker markets. Farmers obtained a slightly higher price for crops sold to the packhouse as compared to the other two markets. The packhouse was the farmers' largest market for the 2002 season. However, the packhouse market was unsustainable for farmers because of problems due to the delays in payments for produce, the high quantities of crops that are rejected because they did not meet the quality control standards of the packhouse, and problems due to the unreliability of transport from Embo to the packhouse. The majority of EFO members' farms were also found to be unprofitable due to the high costs of inputs and losses to production. Constraints such as a shortage of kraal manure for soil conditioning, unfenced properties, a lack of water for irrigation, and the unavailability of a tractor for ploughing were found to be contributing factors to the unprofitability of member farms. Recommendations for improving marketing and profitability were that projects involving farmers should be regularly evaluated, EFO members seek business management skills, direct contracting agreements with their suppliers, explore value added products, and for Government to play a role for rural enterprise development to take place.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

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Silva, Helena Cristina Mora Ramos Ribeiro da Costa. "Potencialidades do modo de produção biológico : estudo exploratório para as culturas de vinho e de azeite em Portugal e de vinho na Alemanha." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/3531.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Cidadania Ambiental e participação apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Constituindo um setor em expansão, no âmbito do Modo de Produção Biológico (MPB), a Agricultura Biológica (AB), vulgarmente apelidada, preconiza um restabelecimento de métodos assentes no respeito pelos ciclos naturais, enquadrando, potencialmente, as vertentes ambiental, social e económica, fundamentais na perspetiva do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS). Através deste trabalho pretende contribuir-se para a avaliação das potencialidades do Modo de Produção Biológico, tendo por base um estudo qualitativo das perceções dos produtores agrícolas portugueses e alemães. Considerou-se a cultura do vinho, pela reconhecida relevância em ambos os países. Uma vez que, em muitas explorações portuguesas coexistem as culturas vitivinícola e oleícola, incluiram-se, nesta abordagem, também, as opiniões dos produtores de azeite. Os resultados mostram uma convergência dos diferentes produtores quanto às motivações por este modo de produção, centrada, principalmente, em torno da sustentabilidade ambiental e na possibilidade de apresentação de produtos de qualidade diferenciada, servindo um crescente número de consumidores, cada vez mais atento às características sensoriais dos produtos alimentares e ao seu modo de produção. Como principais forças motrizes foram identificados elementos estruturais primordiais, a comunicação e a formação e, elementos estruturantes de interação, o associativismo e o Estado que, se deficientemente estruturados e, ou articulados tornar-se-iam os principais entraves à implementação e funcionamento deste modus operandi. No que respeita ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável, os entrevistados de ambos os países concordaram que, em termos ambientais, é muito importante a concertação entre a agricultura e a pecuária biológicas, a otimização da valorização energética e dos subprodutos. Em termos económicos, constituem aspetos de especial relevância a profissionalização dos setores e a agregação das operações de produção, processamento, embalamento, marketing, comercialização e distribuição. Quanto à sustentabilidade social, consideram que a agricultura biológica apresenta um relevante potencial que deverá ser explorado tendo em conta um investimento no capital humano, em detrimento dos fatores externos de produção, propiciando acesso à informação e formação profissional, promovendo a equidade de género e a decorrente distribuição equitativa de receitas e, fomentando a inclusão social, sobretudo local. Apesar da atual crise económica, os produtores biológicos tencionam permanecer em atividade, considerando que, no futuro a AB tenderá a impor-se como o principal modo de produção.
Constituting a sector in expansion under the Organic Farming Method (MPB), organic farming (AB), as commonly known, advocates a restoration methods based on respect for natural cycles, framing, potentially, the environmental, social and economic aspects fundamental in the perspective of Sustainable Development (DS). This work aims to contribute to the evaluation of the potential of organic production, based on a qualitative study of the Portuguese and German farmers perceptions. It was chosen the wine culture, because of its recognized importance in both countries. Since, in many Portuguese explorations coexist vineyards and olive crops, the opinions of olive oil producers were, also, included in this approach. The results show a motivations convergence of the producers for this method of production, which is mainly centered on the environmental sustainability and also on presenting outstanding product quality, serving an increasingly number of consumers, aware of the sensory food characteristics and its production. The main driving forces were identified as primary structural elements, communication and training, and as interaction structural elements, organic farming partnership and the State. These elements if poorly structured and, or articulated could become the main obstacles to the implementation and operation of this modus operandi. Regarding sustainable development, producers from both countries agreed that, in an environmental point of view, it is very important the link between organic farming and and biological livestock, optimization of energy recovery and by-products. In an economic perspective, it is particular relevant the professionalization of these sectors and the aggregation of production, processing, packaging, marketing, sale and distribution operations. As for social sustainability, they consider that organic farming has a significant potential to be explored, mainly as an investment directed to the human capital at the expense of external factors of production, providing access to information and professional training, promoting gender equality and the resulting equitable distribution of income and fostering social inclusion, primarily local population. In spite of the actual economic crisis, the organic producers intend to go on in this business, considering that in the future the AB will tend to impose as the main production mode.

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Procházková, Adéla. "Ekologické zemědělství s ohledem na principy trvale udržitelného rozvoje." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435231.

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The focus of this diploma thesis is organic farming. Its goal is to evaluate the positives and the negatives of organic farming from the sustainable development point of view. Sustainable development is usually divided into three pillars - environmental, economic and social. However, this thesis uses the division into four pillars of sustainability, in which the social pillar is divided into socio-political and human pillar, which is more fitting in this case. This division allows a more detailed evaluation of organic farming. The thesis also deals with the question of sustainability of the researched farm in the future. The method chosen for the thesis is a case study, thanks to which a specific case was researched and answers for the stated questions could be found. Rainton farm in the South of Scotland serves as the case for the practical part of the thesis. Since the early 1990s Rainton has been in the process of conversion from the conventional to the organic way of farming. The business has been diversified and therefore the research could be focused also on the development of the visitor centre, ice-cream or cheese making. Thanks to the data from interviews, participant observation and other documents, a complex picture of the organic farm was created. The research has shown that the...

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Grilo, Eduarda Ferreira. "Eco-inovação nas empresas portuguesas de agricultura biológica." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22947.

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A eco-inovação, como um conceito que surge de uma vertente da inovação, promove mudanças que vão ao encontro dos objetivos previstos pelo Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Neste estudo, foram analisadas 104 empresas portuguesas de agricultura biológica com o objetivo de estudar a eco-inovação neste mercado, que tem vindo a ganhar expressão nos últimos anos. Dos dados recolhidos foi possível verificar que 92% das empresas inquiridas inovou nos últimos 5 anos, com estratégias de inovação de produto, processo, organizacional e "marketing", sendo que a maior parte delas considera as suas práticas como eco-inovações. Os principais determinantes da eco-inovação apontados por estas empresas foram os fatores do lado da oferta e da procura, enquanto os determinantes do lado das influências políticas e institucionais foram os menos referenciados. De toda a amostra, apenas 15 empresas referiram que as suas eco-inovações foram um fracasso, identificando a falta de apoio do Estado e a existência de barreiras legais como causas para esse insucesso. Embora a literatura reforce o papel do Estado como principal motor para os comportamentos de eco-inovação, o estudo revelou que as empresas portuguesas de agricultura biológica não sentem esse incentivo.
Eco-innovation, as a concept that arises from an innovation strand, promotes changes that meet the objectives predicted by Sustainable Development. In this study, 104 Portuguese organic farming companies were analyzed to study eco-innovation in this market that has been gaining expression in recent years. From the data collected it was possible to verify that 92% of the surveyed companies innovated in the last 5 years, with product, process, organizational and marketing innovation strategies, and most of them consider their practices as eco-innovations. The main eco-innovation determinants highlighted by these companies were the factors on the supply and demand side, while the determinants on the political and institutional influences side were the least mentioned. From the whole sample, only 15 companies revealed that their eco-innovations were a failure, identifying the lack of support from the Government and the existence of legal barriers as causes for this failure. Although the literature reinforces the role of the Government as the main engine for eco-innovation behaviors, the study found that Portuguese organic farming companies do not feel this incentive.

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(5930507), Lisseth Zubieta. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: crop management systems alter community structure and affect soybean growth and tolerance to water stress." Thesis, 2019.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are best known for their potential to help plants acquire nutrients, especially phosphorous. These microbes improve soil health by promoting soil aggregation and carbon sequestration, and further benefit plants by helping them withstand biotic and abiotic stress. Currently, there are 200 recognized species of AMF within the phylum Glomeromycota. Recent studies indicate that individual AMF species differ in the benefits they provide, with some even acting as parasites. Moreover, AMF community composition can be altered by soil and crop management practices, but the effect of these changes on the benefits conferred by AMF are still not well understood. Consequently, the goal of this study was to determine how two widely used crop management systems can alter the composition of AMF species, and affect the potential for these communities to promote the productivity and drought tolerance. To accomplish this goal, we collected AMF inoculum from a long-term crop systems trial comparing organic and conventional management for use in greenhouse trials where we subjected plants to drought. We collected AMF inoculum during mid-summer when differences between the two management systems were likely cause larger effects on AMF communities, and again in autumn after harvest to see if differences in AMF communities would persist. We determined AMF species composition using next generation sequencing. Results of this study confirm that soil-building practices commonly used in organic farming systems can improve soil health and increase the productivity of food-grade soybeans. They also demonstrate that AMF communities in Indiana croplands are highly diverse, and some of these taxa can improve soybean growth and help plants tolerate water stress. Although the overall diversity of AMF communities did not differ between the organic and conventional management systems in mid-summer, individual AMF taxa did differ between the systems, which were likely responsible for the greater tolerance to water stress observed when plants were amended with inoculum from the organic system. AMF communities present during autumn were significantly different between the two crop management systems, but did not result in differences in drought tolerance of soybeans, indicating that the loss of key AMF taxa in the organic system from the first relative to the second experiment was likely responsible. Finally, plants grown using inoculum from both crop management systems in autumn had greater tolerance to water stress than plants that received a AMF commercial inoculum. This provides further evidence that individual AMF species vary in the benefits they provide, and that the presence of a diverse consortium of AMF species is needed to optimize plant health and productivity in agricultural systems. Agricultural producers should consider incorporating soil-building practices that are commonly used in organic farming systems such as planting winter cover crops, to improve the health of their soil and enhance the productivity of their crops.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organic Farming development'

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