Academic literature on the topic 'Organic farming system'

This text aims to introduce the results of the ecological footprint (EF) calculations in the system of organic agriculture (OA). The EF is an alternative indicator of the human activity impact on the environment. It is not calculated in monetary units but in hectares as an area needed for resourcing certain production or activity. OA is an agricultural system which respects natural cycles in ecosystems. It is based on old traditions and nowadays, with regard to environmental degradation, comes again forward. The text contains as well the results of some other researches studying mainly energy consumption in agriculture, which is further converted into the EF. The results, however, need to be compared very carefully, since the procedures of calculations as well as the organic farming rules in various countries or particular farms conditions and quality of input data of the mentioned studies may significantly differ. The authors cite them mainly because of illustrative reasons.  

This paper introduces partial results of the research project QC 1140 aimed at the efficiency of enterprises operating in the system of organic farming, especially considering the use of grassland linked with cattle management. Economic evaluation of cattle management in the system of organic farming is compared with conventional enterprises. Economic evaluation applies to dairy cattle and beef cattle. Proposals of the measures will be formed with respect to the results of analysys, which should contribute to the support of organic enterprises and to better satisfaction of the increasing demand for organic food.

The aim of this presentation is to introduce partial results of this research project aimed to the efficiency of businesses working with the organic systems. The proposal of mesures will be formed with the respect of results of analysis to support organic businesses, to increase organic land area corresponding with the progress in the EU and therefore to help to satisfy increasing demand for organic food, last but not least also to prove, that organic agriculture is truly functioning part of multifunctional agriculture.

The paper presents a short review of the different types of farming systems:Biofarming, Organic farming, Alternatíve farming, Biodynamic farming, Low input sustainable agriculture (LISA)Mid-tech farming, Sustainable agriculture, Soil conservation farming, No till farming, Environmentally sound, Environmentally friendly, Diversity farmingCrop production system, Integrated pest management (IPM), Integrated farming, High-tech farmingSite specific production (SSP), Site specific technology (SST), Spatial variable technology, Satellite farming.Precision farmingIt concludes that the various systems are applicable in different ratios and combinations depending on the natural and economic conditions.The author predicts an increase in precision technologies , the first step being the construction of yield maps compared with soil maps and their agronomic analysis. Based on this information, it will be necessary to elaborate the variable technology within the field, especially for plant density, fertilization and weed control.The changes in weed flora during the past fifty years based on 10.000 samples within the same fields using the weed cover method are presented.

An important aspect of organic farming is to minimize the detrimental impact of human intervention to the surrounding environment by adopting a natural protocol in system management. Traditionally, organic farming has focused on the elimination of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides and a reliance on biological cycles that contribute to improving soil health in terms of fertility and pest management. Organic production systems are ecologically and economically sustainable when practices designed to build soil organic matter, fertility, and structure also mitigate soil erosion and nutrient runoff. We found no research conducted under traditional organic farming conditions, comparing bareground monoculture systems to systems incorporating the use of living mulches. We will be focusing on living mulch studies conducted under conventional methodology that can be extrapolated to beneficial uses in an organic system. This article discusses how organic farmers can use living mulches to reduce erosion, runoff, and leaching and also demonstrate the potential of living mulch systems as comprehensive integrated pest management plans that allow for an overall reduction in pesticide applications. The pesticide reducing potential of the living mulch system is examined to gain insight on application within organic agriculture.

Although there is no universally accepted definition of organic farming, most of the scientists focus on an economic, social, and environmentally sustainable agricultural production system that prohibits chemicals, livestock feed additives, and growth regulators. Organic farming in a region must provide a sustainable livelihood for farmers, a clean environment for all living organisms, and healthy food items at reasonable prices for consumers. The overall purpose of this study is to examine the current state and potential developments of organic agriculture in Turkey. The paper first reviews the principles of organic agriculture, then gives information about the legislative process and developments of organic agriculture in Turkey. Specific objectives are to examine the legal structure, organic production, marketing of organic products, and strategies to develop organic agriculture in Turkey. Qualitative research methods were applied to accomplish the objectives of this study. For this reason, journal articles, books, websites, state statistics, and official reports were used for data collection. The basic outline of the paper organized considering the overall purpose and specific objectives of the study.

In the present scenario environmental conditions are adverse each and every one get affects by global warming, pollution (air, water, soil). Soil becomes infertile due to use of chemicals in the form of insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers and we get food with harsh chemicals those produce many health problems and show harmful effects on the environment. Organic production is a system that sustains soil, ecosystem and people health. Along with health benefits, organic farming has lots of benefits in our environment; ecosystem, ecological cycles and biodiversity adapted to community surroundings. Organic agricultural system joins science, innovation and tradition, to give benefit to the environment. In organic farming nano-fertilizers fulfils all requirements present as well as future generation under eco-friendly conditions.

The effect of barley-legume intercrop in an organic farming system on disease incidence was investigated. The legumes<br />were lupin, faba bean and pea. Diseases were detected on pea and barley. On pea, only ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi)<br />was observed. When either pea variety was intercropped with barley, the level of ascochyta blight was reduced. Net<br />blotch (Pyrenophora teres), brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) (in<br />order of incidence) were monitored on barley between flag leaf emergence and heading. The levels of all three diseases<br />were reduced in every intercrop treatment compared to the barley monocrop. However, this reduction was only statistically<br />significant in the pea treatments for net blotch.

This research is intended to compare and demonstrate the difference between the cost and benefit of organic farming and chemistry. Compare differences in the quality of yields and minerals in the soil both before and after cultivation and modeling of agribusiness. Using Business Model Canvas for the decision of agricultural entrepreneurs who want to modify the farming process.The research found that in the experiment comparing between the costs of Organic farming and Chemical farming to produce three types of vegetables that are cucumber ,red oak salad and radish, with the total cost of growing vegetables in Organic farming, higher than the total cost of growing vegetables in Chemical farming. There is a greater frequency of fertilizing and injecting Organic matter than chemical farming. The net profit from the sale of vegetables in the Organic agricultural sector is higher than the net profit from the sale of vegetables in the Chemical agricultural sector, as the production price of Organic agricultural sector is higher than the production price of Chemical agricultural sector because the production process of organic farming has a higher production process and requires higher production attention to produce quality, and another factor is that Organic vegetables have a higher production cost than vegetables from chemical farming, resulting in less volume of organic production in the market than vegetables from Chemical agricultural sector. Consumers are demanding more healthy Organic vegetables. As a result, the price of vegetables that produced by Organic agricultural sector is higher than the price of vegetables that produced by Chemical agricultural sector, and the Return on Investment in Organic vegetables is higher than the vegetables that produced by Chemical agricultural .The Return on Investment in production of Organic farming is 61.48% and The Return on Investment in production of Chemical farming is 33.87%. It is therefore possible to conclude that growing vegetables in Organic way is safe for vegetable farmers who do not have to be exposed to any harmful Chemicals, as well as the resulting produce that is safe from residues, allowing consumers to be safe from toxin residues and receive good quality vegetables. Type of Paper: Empirical/Experimental Keywords: Agricultural; Organics; Cost ;Business Model ;Comparison.