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Campbell, Clayton Marshall Fulton John Patrick Zech Wesley C. "Evaluating spinner-disc technology for the distribution of poultry litter." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1581.
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Lee, Cheuk-hung. "The growth and mineral contents of vegetables treated with composed livestock waste /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667395.
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Carefoot, Janna. "Phosphorous leaching from coarse-textured soils amended with inorganic or organic fertilizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33725.
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Non-point source pollution of surface waters with phosphorous (P) transported from agricultural soils has emerged as a major environmental issue in the last decade. Regulations limiting P accumulation in surface soils have been established to protect surface water quality. Yet, little information is available on the quantities of P that may leach through soils and the factors influencing P leaching in agricultural soils. One important factor may be the type of fertilizer P applied, since it is known that P solubility varies among fertilizer sources. The purpose of this thesis was to quantify P leaching in soils amended with inorganic and organic fertilizers.In a field study, we found that the fertilizer P source (triple superphosphate, composted cattle manure, or a mixture of the two) did not affect soil test P concentration, the degree of soil P saturation, or P leaching in a sandy-loam soil. The soil test P level in the 0--15-cm depth (146 mg P kg -1) exceeded the critical limit of 66-mg kg-1 established in Quebec, and ortho-P and DOP concentrations in leachates collected from piezometers were generally higher than the provincial water quality standard of 0.03 mg P L-1. If transported from our study site, P leached through this coarse-textured soil could pose a threat to groundwater and surface water quality.
These findings were verified in the laboratory with two coarse-textured soils. We found that more NO3-N and DON were leached from soils receiving inorganic N and P fertilizers than composted cattle manure, but the amounts of ortho-P and DOP leached were not affected by fertilizer sources. In coarse-textured soils, the quantities of P leached can be substantial, but depends more on soil characteristics than the fertilizer P source.
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Guppy, Christopher Neil. "Phosphorus and organic matter interactions in highly weathered soils /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17420.pdf.
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Heeb, Anuschka. "Organic or mineral fertilization : effects on tomato plant growth and fruit quality /." Uppsala : Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200573.pdf.
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TerAvest, Daniel Gerald. "Tree and soil nitrogen responses to alternative ground cover management strategies in organic apple production." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/d_teravest_072309.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in soil science)--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 23, 2009). "Department of Crop and Soil Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-50).
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Sprinkle, Amy Lyn. "Nutrient management on golf courses in Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.01Mb, 155 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428197.
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Solontsi, Mhlangabezi. "The response of maize to selected ratios of organic fertilizers mixed with inorganic fertilizers in Ndlambe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020902.
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The majority of small-scale farmers in the Eastern Cape apply inadequate quantities of manure, inorganic (NPK) fertilizer and Gromor as lone fertilizers or tend to mix manure or Gromor with chemical fertilizers for crops, without any scientific basis (Mkile, 2001). Hence this study – aimed at achieving effective and efficient use of chemical fertilizers, manure and Gromor, either as lone fertilizers or mixed with one another, in maize production – was established. A three-year dry land field experiment, arranged in a RCBD with 3 replicates where cattle manure, chemical fertilizer and Gromor were mixed at different ratios – as treatments FM1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent manure); FM2 (25 percent fertilizer + 75 percent manure); FM3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent manure); MAP (100 percent fertilizer); M (100 percent cattle manure); FG1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent Gromor); FG2 (25 percent fertilizer + 75 percent Gromor); FG3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent Gromor); G (100 percent Gromor) and a control (with nothing applied) – was conducted at the Nolukhanyo agricultural project at Bathurst in the Ndlambe Local Municipality. Maize cultivars PAN 6480 and Sahara were used as test crops. Manure, Gromor and soil were analyzed for their nutrient composition. Data recorded involving number of kernels per cob-1, grain and dry matter (DM) yields for the 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 seasons, and leaf area index (LAI) – were subjected to Genstat Version 14.1 for statistical analysis. Grain yields of PAN 6480 and Sahara recorded in seasons 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those of the controls. In 2012-13, PAN 6480 on treatments FG3 and FG1 produced the highest grain yields (5 327 and 5 107kg ha-1) respectively, while in 2010-11 the highest yield was 3 780kg ha-1. In the 2012-13 season, Sahara on F treatment was the highest with 4 553kg ha-1 whilst there were no significant differences in F and M treatments. Dry matter yields of Sahara were higher than those of PAN 6480 in all seasons. The highest Sahara LAI obtained on FM2 was 5.85 in the 2012-13 season, whereas PAN 6480 had LAI of 4.77 on F treatment, followed by FG3 with 4.72 LAI. PAN 6480 number of leaves for 6 plants in m2 and LAI in week 8 of the 2012-13 season had a positive correlation, r2=0.84. PAN 6480 number of kernels and cob length in the same area correlated quite well (r2 =0.91). Chemical fertilizer corrects the imbalances of nutrients inherent in organic manures and increases both maize grain yields and dry matter yields, and also influences number of leaves and LAI. Treatments FG1, FG3 and FM1 of PAN 6480 resulted in high maize grain yields when planted 13 in late November of the 2012-13 growing season and when water in the soil profile was conserved as a result of good rains received prior to planting. Treatments FG1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent Gromor), FG3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent Gromor) of PAN 6480 produced the highest grain yields (5 107kg ha-1 and 5 327kg ha-1 respectively) in the 2012-13 season, whilst FM1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent manure) gave the highest grain yield (of 4 277kg ha-1) for the same cultivar in the 2010-11 season.
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McGrath, Colleen Johanna Kemble Joseph. "Evaluation of optimal substrates and fertilizers for organic vegetable transplant production in Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Thesis/Mcgrath_Colleen_51.pdf.
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Donnelly, Eric. "Potential uses of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) in organic agriculture in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274892.
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To assess the availability of bracken and the factors influencing frond yields, this thesis investigated the growth and phenology of bracken populations across Scotland in relation to site characteristics. The change in elements in fronds and litter from April to November was analysed, along with the concentrations of the carcinogen Ptaquiloside (Pta). Frond dry matter yields increased to maximum in August/September, falling to those in November. In September/October, frond yields ranged from 4.70-15.9 DM t ha-1. Frond concentrations of phosphorus and potassium reduced, and concentrations of calcium and magnesium increased from May to November. Frond Pta concentrations reduced during this period also, with the highest concentration recorded of 5792 mg kg-1 in May 2002 at Loch Grannoch, SW Scotland. This thesis also investigated the effects of harvesting of fronds, and the burning and clearing of litter on the yield of frond dry matter, yield and content of ash and on Pta concentrations in fronds. The concentration of twenty-one elements, the CaCO3 equivalence and pH of this ash were determined, and the effect of harvesting of fronds on subsequent yields was assessed. Harvesting during the growing season reduced the preceding yield of fronds, but not if harvested after senescence. A positive regression was found between frond DM and ash yields. The maximum yield of K in ash was harvested in August/September, at around 180 kg ha-1. Calculations of the value of bracken ash using August 2001 K concentrations and the cost of other organic K sources came to between £219-£980 t-1. The ash produced had a mean pH of 11.9, and mean calcium carbonate equivalence of 52%. Lifting litter increased the density of fronds, and burning litter increased the soil available Mg concentrations and Ca concentrations in the ash. Pta concentrations in fronds that emerged in reaction to harvesting were higher compared to those fronds first harvested at the same time.
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Bayu, Wondimu. "Growth, development and yield responses of sorghum to water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and planting density." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28054.
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Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bayu, W 2004, Growth, development and yield responses of sorghum to water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and planting density, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09202006-093510 / >Thesis (PhD (Agronomy))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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De, Silva Sarangu Hewage Srimawan Ajantha. "Amelioration of the physical conditions of sandy soils with organic amendments under tropical conditions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391721.
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Pholsen, Suradej. "Effects of nitrogen, potassium and organic matter on growth, chemical components and seed yields of IS 23585 forage sorghum cultivar." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14178.
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Sorghum is considered to be of African origin and subsequently spread to most countries in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum has outstanding resistance against drought conditions. Grain and fodder from sorghum plants have been used for man's and animals' consumption respectively for many decades. Experiments were conducted on Yasothon soil series (Oxic Paleustults) in Northeast Thailand, this is considered a poor soil. Growth parameters of sorghum were affected most by nitrogen chemical fertiliser followed by potassium chemical fertiliser. An increase in nitrogen level increased growth parameters and seed yields/ha of the sorghum plants whilst an increase in potassium also increased growth parameters and seed yields but to a lesser extent. High application rates of both nitrogen and potassium were required to achieve high total dry weights and seed yields/ha. Fermented cattle manure significantly increased growth parameters of the sorghum plants and soil properties. were also improved by cattle manure. Total dry weights and seed yields/ha were affected most by seasons and treatments whilst seasons x treatments had highly significant effects on seed yields/ha but not total dry weights/ha. In terms of economic viewpoint, optimum application rates for nitrogen at a range of 300-450 kg N/ha and 100 kg K20/ha for potassium plus 40 tonnes/ha of fermented cattle manure were the recommended rates for optimum above ground total dry weight (15,940-26,282 kg/ha) and seed yield (5,047- 6,374 kg/ha) of IS 23585 forage sorghum cultivar on Yasothon soil series. An increase in nitrogen fertiliser application increased estimated crude protein (CP) of the sorghum plants whilst potassium did not. Both nitrogen and potassium had no Significant effects on acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and dry matter degradability (DMO). However, seasons had significant effects on CP, NDF, ADF, DMD and brix values. Treatments also had significant effects on all components except DMD, and brix values. Seasons x treatments had significant effects on all components except CP and brix values.
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Lanna, Natália de Brito Lima [UNESP]. "Doses de composto orgânico na produção de chicória e rabanete." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93582.
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000753344.pdf: 1864958 bytes, checksum: 368697b37ee86abdb636e82593316ab1 (MD5)Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a influência de doses de composto orgânico na produção de chicória e, posteriormente, avaliar o efeito residual desta adubação para a cultura do rabanete, assim como o efeito nas características químicas do solo e o acúmulo de nutrientes pela chicória. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, localizada no município de São Manuel-SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu-SP. Foram realizados experimentos em duas áreas distintas: um em solo com baixa fertilidade e outro em solo com alta fertilidade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo seis tratamentos com composto orgânico (0, 35, 70, 105, 140 e 175 t ha-1) e um tratamento com adubação inorgânica. Foram avaliadas características vegetativas (massa da matéria fresca e seca; número de folhas; altura de plantas e diâmetro da cabeça) e acúmulo de macronutrientes (nitrogênio; fósforo; potássio; cálcio; magnésio e enxofre) pela chicória no final do ciclo. No rabanete foram avaliadas características vegetativas (massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea, da raiz e da planta toda; altura da parte aérea; diâmetro da raiz e número de folhas) ao final do ciclo. Quanto maior a dose de composto orgânico, maior a produção de chicória nas duas áreas: alta e baixa fertilidade inicial do solo. Constatou-se efeito residual do composto orgânico nas duas áreas estudadas, porém não foi o suficiente para suprir as necessidades do rabanete na área de baixa fertilidade. Quanto maior a dose de composto orgânico, maiores os acúmulos de nutrientes pela planta de chicória, com a seguinte ordem decrescente: potássio > nitrogênio > cálcio > fósforo > enxofre > magnésio. Quanto maior a dose de composto...
The objectives of this work were to evaluate the influence organic compost rates in the production of chicory and then evaluate the residual effect of this fertilization in radish. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm São Manuel, located in São Manuel - SP, from College of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu-SP. The experiments were set up in two distinct areas: in a low and in a high fertility area. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and six replications, with five treatments with organic compost rates (0, 35, 70, 105 and 175 t ha-1), one treatment with inorganic fertilizer and one control (without both organic and inorganic fertilization). Vegetative characteristics (leaves number, plant height, plant diameter, fresh and dry matter) and the accumulation of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur) were evaluated in endive at the end of the cycle. In radish it was evaluated vegetative characteristics (shoot height, root diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root and whole plant and leaves number) were evaluated at the end of the cycle. The higher the organic compost rate, the higher endive yield in both areas. For radish it was observed residual effect of organic fertilization, but in low fertility area it was not enough to supply nutrient demand to obtain good yield. The higher the organic compost rate, the higher the nutrient accumulation in endive, with the following descending order: potassium > nitrogen > calcium > phosphorus > sulfur > magnesium. As the higher the organic compost rate, the higher organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, base sum, CTC and saturation base in soil, in the areas of high and low fertility in soil collected at 11 days transplantation of chicory. For pH and magnesium, only in the area of low fertility observed linear to the ...
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Pereira, Leandro Barradas [UNESP]. "Manejo da adubação na cultura do feijão em sistema orgânico de produção." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123674.
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000830528.pdf: 2586393 bytes, checksum: d0e465d33110e75266b45a95a2750c4e (MD5)Os sistemas de produção de alimentos atualmente tendem a manejos mais sustentáveis. Um dos principais entraves do cultivo orgânico do feijoeiro é o manejo da adubação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência das doses de fertilizante orgânico a base de resíduos de frigoríficos de bovinos, método e época de aplicação, nos componentes de produção e produtividade, verificando sua viabilidade técnica e econômica para cultura do feijão em sistema de cultivo orgânico irrigado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4x2x2, com 16 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo as doses de fertilizante orgânico de: 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 t ha -1 , com a época de aplicação: 30 dias antes e no dia da semeadura, e o método de aplicação: a lanço incorporado e no sulco de semeadura. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Andradina (SP), durante os anos de 2011 e 2012, em Latossolo Vermelho, sendo irrigado por aspersão. O feijão foi semeado em 31/05/2011 e 14/06/2012, utilizando o cultivar IAC Alvorada no espaçamento de 0,50 m entre as linhas e 12 sementes por metro. Em ambos os anos, a adubação de cobertura foi realizada aos 30 dias após a semeadura, sendo aplicados 1.670 kg ha -1 de fertilizante orgânico farelado, correspondendo a 50 kg ha -1 de N. Concluiu-se que os métodos e épocas de aplicação do fertilizante orgânico não influenciaram os componentes de produção e produtividade do feijoeiro; a dose de 2,5 t ha -1 de fertilizante orgânico propiciou a maior produtividade do feijoeiro em 2012, porém não expressou sua capacidade máxima de produção; os melhores rendimentos econômicos foram com as doses de 1,5 t ha -1 e 2,5 t ha -1 de fertilizante orgânico nos anos de cultivo de 2011 e 2012, respectivamente
Food production systems currently tend to more sustainable management. One of the main barriers to common bean organic farming is the manure management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic fertilizer doses on base of bovine waste, method and time of application, on the components of production and productivity, verifying their technical and economic feasibility on common bean crop in irrigated organic system. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 4x2x2 with 16 treatments and 4 replications, with doses of: 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 t ha 1 , two application time: 30 days before and at day of sowing, and two methods of application: spread and incorporated and at planting furrow. The experiment was conducted in the Andradina (SP) countyfor the years 2011 and 2012 in a red Latosol, being irrigated by sprinkler. The common bean was sowed mechanically in the days 05/31/2011 and 06/14/2012, using the IAC Alvorada in spacing of 0.50 m between rows and twelve seeds per meter. In both years, the management sidedressing was performed 30 days after sowing and the application of 1,670 kg ha -1 of powder organic fertilizer NPK, corresponding to 50 kg ha -1 of N. It was concluded that the methods and time of application of the organic fertilizer did not affect the yield components and grain yield; the dose of 2.5 t ha -1 of organic fertilizer led to higher grain yield in 2012, but did not express its maximum productivity capacity; the best economic returns were obtained with doses of 1.5 t ha -1 and 2.5 t ha -1 of organic fertilizer in crop years 2011 and 2012, respectively
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Mabasa, Stanford. "Nitrogen and the control of Striga asiatica on maize : timing and dose of organic and inorganic forms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289599.
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Mancarella, Silvia <1990>. "Sewage sludge hydrolysates and organic waste as alternative phosphate fertilizers in a circular economy strategy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8654/1/Mancarella_Silvia_tesi.pdf.
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Phosphorus (P) is one of the main plant nutrients, but it has very low solubility due to strong bonds with Al and Fe in acidic soils and with Ca and Mg in alkaline soils. The higher food demands has led to an increase of the use of phosphate fertilizers, mainly derived from phosphate rocks, which are predicted to be depleted in the next decades. Thus, there is the improving need to close the P cycle in order to reduce the P input from mineral source, recycling P rich organic products such as animal manure and human excreta. The aim of this work was to study the P availability for plants in calcareous soil of different bio-waste and to develop a new fertilizer from sewage sludge, with high P recovery and high P use efficiency. Different bio-waste were tested in a soil–plant system with different results in term of P solubility and plant growth, mainly caused by the metal concentration and the organic matter in the products. Later, two sludge products were used as raw sources for a new liquid fertilizer. Different chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses were tested on both sludge. The best solution in term of P recovery and low heavy metal extraction was then used in a soilless cultivation of lettuce and in a soil-plant system. The soil solved the problems encountered in the soilless cultivation, showing promising results for the hydrolysates as alternative phosphate fertilizers to the chemical ones in a circular economy strategy.
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Luo, Yongming. "The fate and chemical speciation of heavy metals applied to soils in a sewage sludge-derived organic fertiliser." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388065.
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Dominguez, Danielle Xanchão. "Caracterização de fertilizantes orgânicos e organominerais fluidos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=879.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO uso de fertilizantes orgânicos e organominerais fluidos têm crescido bastante no mundo e também no Brasil, nas últimas duas décadas. Esse rápido crescimento da demanda por esses produtos levou o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento a buscar novas metodologias para a verificação da qualidade dos mesmos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo obter informações sobre a natureza desses fertilizantes, avaliando metodologias existentes e testando novos métodos, visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de controle de qualidade a ser adotado pelo Ministério da Agricultura e pelas empresas produtoras. Em uma primeira etapa, os fertilizantes foram caracterizados por meio de análises físicas e químicas conforme os métodos de rotina previstos na legislação. Adicionalmente, foram avaliados diferentes métodos de determinação de carbono, além do fracionamento das substâncias húmicas presentes nas amostras de fertilizantes, e posterior determinação do teor de carbono nas frações ácido húmico e fúlvico. Por meio da titulação potenciométrica, fez-se a especiação, identificação e quantificação dos grupos funcionais mais reativos presentes nas amostras. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, purificaram-se os ácidos húmicos de 15 amostras de fertilizantes. Após esse procedimento foi realizada a caracterização dos ácidos húmicos por espectrometria no infravermelho (FTIR) e por análise elementar (CHN). Os fertilizantes avaliados apresentaram grande variação em relação aos atributos analisados. Foram Observadas variações acentuadas em relação aos teores de carbono orgânico e carbono total, como também na qualidade dos compostos orgânicos presentes nos fertilizantes, o que deve refletir na sua eficiência agronômica. Pela correlação entre os métodos utilizados, observou-se a possibilidade de substituição de métodos de difícil execução, por métodos simplificados de baixo custo, permitindo sua aplicação em análises de rotina. Novos estudos, abrangendo um maior espectro de amostras, devem ser conduzidos para que se possam determinar parâmetros para os diferentes atributos químicos e físicos desses produtos, subsidiando tecnicamente a legislação.
The use of organic and organic-mineral fertilizers has grown fastly in the world and also in Brazil in the last two decades. This fast increase in the demand for these products took the Ministry of Agriculture to search new methodologies for the verification of their quality. This work has objective of obtaining information on the nature of these fertilizers, by evaluating existing methodologies and testing new ones, contributing to the development of a quality control protocol to be adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture and the producing companies. In a first stage, the fertilizers were characterized by means of physical and chemical analyses as the foreseen methods of routine in the legislation. Additionally, different methods of carbon determination were evaluated, beyond the humic substances fractionation in the samples of fertilizers, and posterior determination of the carbon in the humic and fulvic fractions. The most reactive functional groups in the samples were identified and quantified by potentiometric titration. The humic acids of fifteen fertilizer samples were extracted and purified. The humic acids were characterized by infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and elemental analysis (CHN). The evaluated fertilizers presented a large variation in relation to the analyzed characteristics. Large variations in relation to the levels of organic carbon and total carbon were observed, as well as in the quality of organic compounds in fertilizers that was reflected in its agronomic efficiency. By the correlation between the used methods, it was observed the possibility of substitution of methods of difficult execution for simplified methods of low cost allowing their application in routine analyses. New studies including a more representative set of samples must be carried out in order to determine parameters for the different chemical and physical attributes of these products given technical subsides to the legislation.
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Summerhays, Jeffrey Sean Christian. "Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilizers in Hydroponics and Glasshouse Settings with Moderate and High Organic Matter Soils." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3754.
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Phosphorus (P) is poorly soluble in most soils and, thus, has poor plant uptake efficiency. AVAIL® and Carbond P (CBP) are new fertilizer products shown to increase P use efficiency (PUE) and increase crop yields when grown in P limiting soils. Carbond P has specifically been seen to increases P uptake and crop yields in soils low in P, although effectiveness in regards to soil organic matter is unknown. The objectives of these studies were to determine if the mode of action for these products is related to physiological response, to determine if Carbond P is toxic to plant roots when in direct contact at high rates, and determine the limitations of Carbond P in regards to biomass (yield), P uptake and concentration. We used a hydroponic study to compare CBP to AVAIL in evaluating plant toxicity and plant philological response. AVAIL and CBP were also compared to ammonium polyphosphate (APP) at pH 6 or 8 for hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.). Additionally, a glasshouse study evaluated the PUE of CBP with soil in which maize was grown. Soils were moderate or high in organic matter, with 0, 5, 15, 45, or 135 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied as either APP or CBP. Both studies showed that CBP is a suitable PUE enhancing fertilizer. In the greenhouse study, the high organic matter soil revealed that both CBP and APP fertilization resulted in similar increases in biomass yield and P concentration and uptake. However, in the moderate organic matter soil, biomass and total P uptake was significantly greater for CBP than APP at the two lowest P rates of fertilization and significantly higher for APP than CBP at the highest P application rate. In the hydroponic study, neither AVAIL nor CBP had any positive or adverse effects on the plants as compared to APP. These results, coupled with this and previous soil-based greenhouse and field studies with AVAIL and CBP, show that the increase in PUE is not a physiological growth stimulant response, but rather likely the result of impacts on P solubility in the soil. However, the presence of high organic matter in the soil seemed to negate the effects of the organic acid bonded P used in Carbond P. We conclude that CBP, and possibly other organic acid based fertilizers, can assist in furthering agricultural goals, as well as environmental responsibility with these known limits.
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Odlare, Monica. "Organic residues - a resource for arable soils /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200571.pdf.
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Berglund, Rakel. "Organic production of strawberries : focus on practical applications /." Alnarp : Horticulture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200730.pdf.
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Garcia, Daniel [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento, rendimento, teor e componentes do óleo essencial em função de adubação orgânica e rebroto de Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. cv. CPQBA-1." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93580.
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000753751.pdf: 1940688 bytes, checksum: b05878b3c0476680c5e2ba4f09045b5e (MD5)O presente trabalho teve por objetivos investigar o desenvolvimento e o teor de óleo essencial, bem como identificar os componentes químicos da parte aérea de Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. cv. CPQBA-1, em função de teores de adubo orgânico e rebrotos. As mudas, obtidas a partir de sementes, foram transplantadas para a área experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Setor Horticultura (UNESP – FCA/Botucatu), no espaçamento de 0,6 x 0,6 m entre plantas e entre linhas. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, cinco doses de composto orgânico: 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 t.ha-1 e controle (0 t.ha-1), totalizando 24 parcelas contendo, 12 plantas úteis em cada uma. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura (cm), diâmetro da planta (cm), matéria seca (kg.ha-1), matéria fresca (kg.ha-1), teor de água (%), teor de óleo essencial (%) e componentes químicos do óleo essencial presentes na parte aérea. Foram realizadas colheitas: 120, 242 e 365 DAT. Após cada colheita as plantas foram pesadas, desidratadas em estufa artificial para obtenção da matéria seca e, destiladas em aparelho do tipo Clevenger para obtenção do óleo essencial. Posteriormente, o óleo essencial foi analisado em cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Os resultados das análises de campo foram comparados por meio da análise estatística de regressão e os resultados das análises dos componentes principais foram analisados pelo teste Tukey...
The present study aimed to investigate the development and essential oil content, and identify the chemical compounds from aerial part of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. cv. CPQBA-1, submitted on levels of organic fertilizer and regrowth. The seedlings were obtained from seeds and transplanted to experimental area from Department of Plant Production - Horticulture Sector (UNESP - FCA / Botucatu), spaced 0.6 x 0.6 m between plants and between rows. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, five dosages of organic fertilizer: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t.ha- 1 and control (0 t.ha- 1), totaling 24 plots containing 12 useful plants each one. The variables analyzed were: height (cm), plant diameter (cm), dry matter (kg.ha-1), fresh matter (kg.ha- 1), water content (%), oil content (%) and chemical compounds of the essential oil from aerial part. Samples were taken at 120, 242 and 365 DAT. After each harvest the plants were weighed, dried in an oven to obtain the dry matter and was distilled in apparatus of Clevenger type to obtain the essential oil. Subsequently, the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results of field were compared by and regression analysis and the results of the chemical components were analyzed by Tukey test at 5 %. The cultivar showed suffer little influence of organic fertilizer rates for the variables: height (120, 242 and 365 DAT), dry and fresh weight (365 DAT), and essential oil content (120, 242 and 365 DAT). The cultivar showed satisfactory correlation for the variables: plant diameter (120 and 365 DAT) and fresh matter (242 DAT). Furthermore, was highly influenced by the levels of...
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Almeida, Maxwell Mer?on Tezolin Barros. "Fertilizantes de leguminosas: tecnologia inovadora de aduba??o verde para provis?o de nitrog?nio em sistemas org?nicos de produ??o." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/514.
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One of the main limitations to the organic food production is the reduced availability of low cost and efficient nitrogen (N) sources. Green manuring practices, in rotation or intercropped, have been used, but hardly are they able to supply crop needs. This dissertation presents an innovative technology of green manuring, derived of the cutting, dehydration and milling of the aerial biomass of some plants from Leguminosae family (with high potential of biological N2 fixation, N accumulation and handling easiness), with posterior storage and use of the produced material, called legume fertilizer. The technology allows the green manure storage, the production systematization and its use in more appropriate amounts and times, favoring the synchronization/efficiency of N provision. The objects of this study were: the development and evaluation of different production forms of legume fertilizers three herbaceous species: velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and arachis (Arachis pintoi), and two species of tree: gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) ; the physical and chemical characterization of these materials, the utilization potential as alternative sources of N for organic farming systems, their influence on the shelf life of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Vera), on chemical and biological soil attributes and on germination and establishment of arugula (Eruca sativa cv. Cultivada) seedlings. Three experiments have been conducted: one in field with lettuce, and two in green house with arugula. Legume fertilizers were compared at N basis with poultry bed manure from meat industry. The gliricidia fertilizer showed better physical and chemical attributes (lower C/N and lignin/N ratios) implying higher potential for biodisponibilization of N. This potential was corroborated for two experiments, in which the concentration and accumulation of N in the aerial part of lettuce and arugula was significantly superior to the other organic sources of N (velvet bean fertilizer and poultry bed manure). However, in the other experiment of arugula, the efficiency of five legume fertilizers and poultry bed manure were similar. The incorporation and the reduction of the applied doses of N had increased the efficiency of the provision of N for arugula. Antagonistic effect had been only observed on the germination and establishment of arugula seedlings when the legume fertilizers had been incorporated in the soil, but not when applied in surface. Lettuce shelf life was not affected by application of these organic sources of used N. The legume fertilizers and the poultry bed manure had favored the accumulation of C and total N, and the soil microbial activity with similar magnitudes. This dissertation indicates that legume fertilizers are promising sources of N for the organic farming systems, capable to replace the factory poultry bed manure at the same N level. This potential assumes relevance since poultry bed manure, one of the most used and efficient sources of organic of N, has some restrictions for its use in organic agriculture.
Um dos principais entraves ? produ??o org?nica de alimentos ? a reduzida disponibilidade de fontes de nitrog?nio (N) eficientes e de baixo custo. Pr?ticas de aduba??o verde, em rota??o ou cons?rcio, t?m sido utilizadas, mas dificilmente conseguem garantir as exig?ncias das culturas. Esta disserta??o apresenta uma tecnologia inovadora de aduba??o verde, derivada do corte, desidrata??o e moagem da biomassa a?rea de determinadas plantas da fam?lia Leguminosae (com elevado potencial de fixa??o biol?gica de N2, ac?mulo de N e facilidade de manejo), com posterior armazenagem e uso do material produzido, denominado fertilizante de leguminosa. A tecnologia permite a estocagem do adubo verde, a sistematiza??o da produ??o e seu uso em quantidades e ?pocas mais adequadas, favorecendo a sincronia/efici?ncia da provis?o de N. Foram objetos deste estudo: o desenvolvimento e a avalia??o de diferentes formas de produ??o de fertilizantes de leguminosas tr?s de esp?cies herb?ceas: mucuna cinza (Mucuna pruriens), crotal?ria (Crotalaria juncea) e arachis (Arachis pintoi), e dois de esp?cies arb?reas: gliric?dia (Gliricidia sepium) e leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) ; a caracteriza??o f?sica e qu?mica desses materiais, o potencial de uso como fontes alternativas de N para sistemas org?nicos de produ??o, a influ?ncia das aduba??es sobre a vida ?til p?s-colheita de alface (Lactuca sativa cv. Vera), sobre atributos qu?micos e biol?gicos do solo e sobre a germina??o e estabelecimento de pl?ntulas de r?cula (Eruca sativa cv. Cultivada). Tr?s experimentos foram conduzidos: um em campo com a cultura da alface, e dois em vasos com r?cula. Em todos eles, as aduba??es com os fertilizantes de leguminosas foram comparadas com cama de avi?rio industrial, proveniente de galp?o de frangos para abate, assegurando-se doses equivalentes de N-total. O fertilizante de gliric?dia foi o que apresentou maior potencial f?sico e qu?mico para biodisponibiliza??o de N (rela??es C/N e lignina/N, baixas). Esse potencial foi corroborado por dois experimentos, nos quais a concentra??o e ac?mulo de N na parte a?rea de alface e r?cula foram significativamente superiores aos proporcionados pelas demais fontes org?nicas de N (fertilizante de mucuna cinza e cama de avi?rio). No entanto, no outro experimento de r?cula, a efici?ncia dos cinco fertilizantes de leguminosas e da cama de avi?rio foi semelhante. A incorpora??o e a diminui??o das doses de N aplicadas aumentaram a efici?ncia da provis?o de N para a r?cula. Efeitos antag?nicos, s? foram observados sobre a germina??o e estabelecimento das pl?ntulas de r?cula quando os fertilizantes de leguminosas foram incorporados ao solo, mas n?o quando aplicados em cobertura. A vida ?til p?s-colheita das alfaces n?o foi influenciada quanto ? fonte org?nica de N utilizada. Os fertilizantes de leguminosas e a cama de avi?rio favoreceram ao ac?mulo de C e N-total, e a atividade microbiana no solo com magnitudes semelhantes. Esta disserta??o indica que os fertilizantes de leguminosas s?o fontes promissoras de N para os sistemas org?nicos de produ??o, capazes de substituir a cama de avi?rio industrial, em dosagem equivalente de N-total. Esse potencial assume relev?ncia, tendo em vista que a cama de avi?rio, uma das fontes de org?nicas de N mais usadas e eficazes, sofre restri??es quanto ao seu emprego em agricultura org?nica.
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Elfar, Altamimi May. "Nitrate-nitrogen sufficiency ranges in leaf petiole sap of pac choi grown with organic and conventional fertilizers." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6982.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Rhonda R. Janke
Petiole sap nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) analysis with handheld meters is a valuable tool in applying in-season nitrogen (N) for many crops. Sufficiency levels have been determined for several leafy green crops, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), but not for pac choi (Brassica rapa L.). The response of pac choi to different fertilizer rates and sources [conventional and organic] has established optimal soluble N application rates and Cardy meter sufficiency ranges. Greenhouse experiments were conducted during summer and fall of 2008 in Manhattan, KS. Conventional soluble fertilizer was formulated from inorganic salts with a 4 NO3-N: 1 ammonium ratio. Phosphorus was held at 1.72mM and K at 0.83mM for all treatment levels. The organic soluble fertilizer, fish hydrolyzate (2N:1.72P:0.83K), was diluted to provide the same N levels as with conventional treatments. Both fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 32, 75, 150, 225, 300, and 450 mg. L-1. Seedlings were transplanted and fertilizer application began at 18 days. Plants were harvested at seven weeks (five weeks post transplanting) after receiving 15 fertilizer applications during production. Samples of the most recently matured leaves were harvested weekly and analyzed for petiole sap NO3-N and leaf blade total N concentration. Leaf count, leaf length, and chlorophyll content were also measured weekly. Fresh and dry weights were determined on whole shoots and roots. Optimum yield was achieved at the 150 mg. L-1 fertility rate with both conventional and organic fertilizers. Field and high tunnel experiments were conducted during fall 2008 to validate the sufficiency ranges obtained from the greenhouse studies. Based on field and high tunnel results, sufficiency levels of NO3-N for pac choi petiole sap during weeks 2 to 3 of production were 800-1500 mg. L-1, and then dropped to 600-1000 mg. L-1 during weeks 4 through harvest for both conventional and organic fertilizers sources. These ranges could vary based on the variety of the crop, the fertility of soil, and certain environmental factors such as photoperiod, light intensity. However, we found that petiole sap nitrate always increased to the point associated with the maximum biomass, followed by a plateau where sap nitrate remained constant. This characteristic of the Cardy meter can provide the growers with a practical methodology to generate their standard curves under specific conditions to guide in-season N applications. Total N in leaf tissue showed fewer fertilizer rate effects than petiole sap NO3-N. Chlorophyll content was not useful in evaluating pac choi N status.
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Pereira, Leandro Barradas. "Manejo da adubação na cultura do feijão em sistema orgânico de produção /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123674.
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Orientador: Orivaldo ArfCo-orientador: Neli Cristina Belmiro dos Santos
Banca: Salatier Buzetti
Banca: Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues
Banca: Gustavo Pavan Mateus
Banca: Leandro Borges Lemos
Resumo: Os sistemas de produção de alimentos atualmente tendem a manejos mais sustentáveis. Um dos principais entraves do cultivo orgânico do feijoeiro é o manejo da adubação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência das doses de fertilizante orgânico a base de resíduos de frigoríficos de bovinos, método e época de aplicação, nos componentes de produção e produtividade, verificando sua viabilidade técnica e econômica para cultura do feijão em sistema de cultivo orgânico irrigado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4x2x2, com 16 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo as doses de fertilizante orgânico de: 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 t ha -1 , com a época de aplicação: 30 dias antes e no dia da semeadura, e o método de aplicação: a lanço incorporado e no sulco de semeadura. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Andradina (SP), durante os anos de 2011 e 2012, em Latossolo Vermelho, sendo irrigado por aspersão. O feijão foi semeado em 31/05/2011 e 14/06/2012, utilizando o cultivar IAC Alvorada no espaçamento de 0,50 m entre as linhas e 12 sementes por metro. Em ambos os anos, a adubação de cobertura foi realizada aos 30 dias após a semeadura, sendo aplicados 1.670 kg ha -1 de fertilizante orgânico farelado, correspondendo a 50 kg ha -1 de N. Concluiu-se que os métodos e épocas de aplicação do fertilizante orgânico não influenciaram os componentes de produção e produtividade do feijoeiro; a dose de 2,5 t ha -1 de fertilizante orgânico propiciou a maior produtividade do feijoeiro em 2012, porém não expressou sua capacidade máxima de produção; os melhores rendimentos econômicos foram com as doses de 1,5 t ha -1 e 2,5 t ha -1 de fertilizante orgânico nos anos de cultivo de 2011 e 2012, respectivamente
Abstract: Food production systems currently tend to more sustainable management. One of the main barriers to common bean organic farming is the manure management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic fertilizer doses on base of bovine waste, method and time of application, on the components of production and productivity, verifying their technical and economic feasibility on common bean crop in irrigated organic system. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 4x2x2 with 16 treatments and 4 replications, with doses of: 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 t ha 1 , two application time: 30 days before and at day of sowing, and two methods of application: spread and incorporated and at planting furrow. The experiment was conducted in the Andradina (SP) countyfor the years 2011 and 2012 in a red Latosol, being irrigated by sprinkler. The common bean was sowed mechanically in the days 05/31/2011 and 06/14/2012, using the IAC Alvorada in spacing of 0.50 m between rows and twelve seeds per meter. In both years, the management sidedressing was performed 30 days after sowing and the application of 1,670 kg ha -1 of powder organic fertilizer NPK, corresponding to 50 kg ha -1 of N. It was concluded that the methods and time of application of the organic fertilizer did not affect the yield components and grain yield; the dose of 2.5 t ha -1 of organic fertilizer led to higher grain yield in 2012, but did not express its maximum productivity capacity; the best economic returns were obtained with doses of 1.5 t ha -1 and 2.5 t ha -1 of organic fertilizer in crop years 2011 and 2012, respectively
Doutor
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Chaoui, Hala I. "Separating earthworms from organic media using an electric field." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133296897.
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Manteli, Claudia. "Efeito do chorume de suínos e do ph do solo sobre o tombamento de pepino causado por Pythium sp." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/228.
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Entre os fitopatógenos habitantes do solo, o Pythium sp. é um dos mais agressivos e de difícil controle e acomete diversas culturas comerciais. Na cultura do pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) causa podridão de colo e conseqüente tombamento de plântulas. O controle deste fitopatógeno é baseado em alternativas culturais, por o tratamento químico de sementes não ser efetivo. A adição de compostos orgânicos promove alterações químicas, físicas e biológicas no solo e alterações nutricionais nas plantas. O chorume de suínos apresenta-se como uma alternativa de controle deste fitopatógeno, devido a sua disponibilidade e ao seu potencial nutricional. No entanto, o pH do solo influencia na liberação de diferentes compostos pelo chorume de suínos e, consequentemente, na sua ação sobre os patógenos. Para o gênero Pythium, não existem relatos de utilização de chorume de suínos como alternativa de controle aplicado em diferentes níveis de pH do solo. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da aplicação de chorume de suínos em solo com diferentes níveis de pH, sobre o controle da doença, sobre o desenvolvimento do fitopatógeno e sua
influência nas características químicas e biológicas do solo. Três diferentes
situações foram testadas, sendo em todas mantidas a aplicação de 0, 5, 10 e 15%
de chorume. Em experimentos com arranjo inteiramente casualizado. Em placas de
Petry, avaliou-se a aplicação dos volumes de chorume de suínos em solo com pH 4,8, 6,3 e 8,4, com 1, 2 e 3 dias de incubação sobre o crescimento micelial do Pythium sp. No solo com pH 8,4 o crescimento das colônias foi superior em todos os períodos testados, e em solo pH 4,8 e 6,3 com até dois dias de desenvolvimento, as colônias tiveram um crescimento micelial inibido. Em experimentos inteiramente casualizado, com incubação hermética dos mesmos volumes de chorume de suínos, por quatro dias em solo com pH 4,8, 6,3 e 8,4, obteve-se menor índice de tombamento de plantas no solo pH 4,8. Em outra situação, avaliou-se em
experimentos com blocos ao acaso o efeito de diferentes volumes de chorume de suínos sobre o tombamento de plantas de pepino em vasos. A aplicação deste em solo com dois diferentes níveis de pH (pH 4,8 e 6,3), revelou menor número de plantas de pepino tombadas no solo com pH 4,8. Em todas as situações o efeito fungitóxico dos ácidos graxos voláteis, liberados pelo chorume de suínos, quando aplicado em solo com maior nível de acidez, foi apontado como a principal causa da obtenção destes resultados.Among the soilborne plant pathogens, the Pythium sp. is one of the most aggressive and difficult to control and affects several crops. In the culture of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) causes collar rot and subsequent damping-off. Control of this pathogen is based on cultural alternatives for the chemical treatment of seed not be effective. The addition of organic compounds promotes chemical changes in soil physical and biological and nutritional changes in plants. The swine manure is presented as an alternative to control this pathogen due to its availability and its nutritional potential. However, soil pH influences the release of different compounds by swine manure and consequently in its action on pathogens. For the genus Pythium, there are no reports of use of swine manure as an alternative control applied at different levels of soil pH. This study evaluated the effect of swine manure in soil with different pH levels on disease control on the development of the pathogen and its influence on chemical and biological soil. Three different situations were tested, and all maintained in the application of 0, 5, 10 and 15% manure. In experiments with randomized arrangement. In Petry plates, evaluated the implementation of the volumes of swine manure in soil with pH 4.8, 6.3 and 8.4, 1, 2 and 3 days of incubation on the mycelial growth of Pythium sp. In soil with pH 8.4 the growth of colonies was higher in all periods tested, and soil pH 4.8 and 6.3 with up to two days of development, the colonies had inhibited growth. In randomized experiments, with incubation hermetic same volumes of swine manure, for four days in soil with pH 4.8, 6.3 and 8.4, we obtained a smaller rate of damping of plants in soil pH 4.8. In another situation, it was evaluated in experiments with randomized block the effect of different amounts of swine manure on the registration of cucumber plants in pots. The application of soil with two different pH levels (pH 4.8 and 6.3) revealed a lower number of cucumber plants having fallen to the ground with pH 4.8. In all cases, the antifungal effect of volatile fatty acids, released by swine manure, when applied to soil with higher acidity level, he was appointed as the main cause of getting these results.
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Elving, Josefine. "Pathogen inactivation and regrowth in organic waste during biological treatment /." SLU : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/11652700.pdf.
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Grenier, Aline M. "Influence of selected endomycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and mineral nutrition of onion grown in newly reclaimed organic soil." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69533.
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Onions are highly responsive to endomycorrhizae and improved plant growth is among the benefits associated with this symbiosis, particularly in low phosphorus soils. Although this crop is grown extensively in organic soils, few studies have been conducted on these. Onion plants (Allium cepa L. cv. Norstar) were inoculated with Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith, Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck, Glomus fasciculatum Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus intraradix Schenck & Smith and Glomus versiforme (Karst.) Berch and grown in the field and under controlled conditions to evaluate their efficiency in newly reclaimed organic soil of low P fertility. Three species were selected to evaluate the effects of introduced endomycorrhizal fungi effects and P fertilization (equivalent to 0, 24 and 48 kg P ha$ sp{-1}$) on the growth and mineral nutrition of onion plants.Introducing endomycorrhizal fungi in non-sterile soil did not affect the growth and mineral nutrition of onion. Crop maturity was advanced when plants were inoculated, however. Increasing levels of P fertilization did not depress root colonization and onion growth was increased significantly at the highest rate only. These results suggest that higher levels than recommended could be used in this soil. Inoculation in $ gamma$-irradiated (10 kGy, $ sp{60}$Co) soil alleviated excessive Mn absorption by onion plants. Adding P fertilizer depressed growth and root colonization when plants were inoculated with G. clarum and G. intraradix and was related to the low irradiance levels used in this study. G. versiforme appeared to be the most efficient of the introduced species.
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Silva, Priscilla Nátaly de Lima [UNESP]. "Produção de beterraba em função de doses de bokashi e torta de mamona em cobertura." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93569.
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000752906.pdf: 1700942 bytes, checksum: 969e22f87ca9a45c819adcb931cc88b0 (MD5)O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses de bokashi e torta de mamona aplicados em cobertura na produção de beterraba. Foram realizados quatro experimentos na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), localizada no município de São Manuel- SP. No primeiro e segundo experimentos foram testadas doses de bokashi em cobertura (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 g m-2), e uma testemunha com cobertura inorgânica, totalizando seis tratamentos, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A adubação de plantio constou apenas de composto orgânico (40 t ha-1) no primeiro experimento e no segundo, além do composto orgânico foi feita a adubação inorgânica com NPK 4-14-8 (1,3 t ha-1). No terceiro e quarto experimentos foram testadas doses de torta de mamona em cobertura (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 g m-2), e uma testemunha com cobertura inorgânica, totalizando seis tratamentos, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A adubação de plantio constou apenas de composto orgânico (40 t ha-1) no terceiro experimento e no quarto, além do composto orgânico, foi feita a adubação inorgânica com NPK 4-14-8 (1,7 t ha-1). A adubação de cobertura nos experimentos foi parcelada em três vezes, em intervalos de 14 dias após o transplante. As características avaliadas foram: altura...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of doses of Bokashi and castor bean cake applied as coverage in beet production. Four experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), located in the municipality of San Manuel - SP. In the first and second experiments doses of bokashi were tested (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g m-2), totaling six treatments in the experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. In these experiments (first and second) the planting fertilization consisted only of organic compost (40 t ha-1), and besides the organic compound, it was made inorganic fertilization with NPK 4-14-8 (1,3 t ha-1). In the third and fourth experiments doses of castor bean were tested (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g m-2), totaling six treatments, the experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. In these experiments (third and fourth), the planting fertilization consisted only of organic compost (40 t ha-1) and besides the organic compound, it was made inorganic fertilization with NPK 4-14-8 (1,7 t ha-1). The topdressing in the experiments was divided into three times, at intervals of 14 days after transplantation. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and the root, root diameter and length, and yield. In the third and fourth experiments, it was also analyzed the accumulation of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur). The application of up to 600 g m-2 of bokashi cover resulted in an increase in plant height, fresh weight of root, root length and beet productivity with and without inorganic fertilizer at planting. The largest contribution to the growth and yield of beet was provided by inorganic topdressing, with little effect of doses of bokashi in coverage. Increases in doses of castor bean cake in coverage provided in all...
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Carbone, Oliviero. "Essay on biostimulants for the management of failed areas in vineyards." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13343.
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Mestrado Vinifera Euromaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL / Universitá degli Studi di TorinoVines can encounter death due to several biotic and abiotic diseases and vine plantlets placed to replace them are often not able to compete with adjacent older plants (hypogeal and epigeous competitions). Replanting is a very expensive technique (cost of the vine, fertilizers, planting itself, …) and when vines are replanted in a vineyard they take longer than planting at the implant to get full productivity. Thus the usage of compound such as biostimulants that can accelerate the entrance in full production should be advisable. In this study several compounds have been tested and compared in term of vegetative growth. The effects of FNT 63 (abbr. FNT) stimulating Arbuscolar mycorrhizae, CO-ACTYL NP (abbr. COA), ILSARODDER + ILSACTIGREEN STAR (abbr. ILSA) and BIOHUMIN (abbr. BIO) are shown. The results for these biostimulants were generally not significant compared to untreated vines. Some results were obtained with FNT
N/A
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Salmerón-Miranda, Francisco. "Nitrogen use in a maize-bean rotation in Nicaragua : effects of organic and mineral fertilisers /." Uppsala : Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200896.pdf.
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Lteif, Arlette. "Biomass production and nitrogen transformations in a hybrid poplar plantation." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103028.
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Hybrid poplars are fast-growing trees, well-suited for the production of bioenergy and wood products. They are often planted on marginal agricultural lands where soil fertility is low. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is expected to replenish soil N reserves and support hybrid poplar productivity throughout the short-rotation growth period. The objective of this thesis was to assess the effect of two organic N fertilizers, papermill biosolids and pig slurry, on tree growth, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in a Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides hybrid poplar plantation. I also evaluated how these organic amendments influenced N transformation rates and denitrification losses. Hybrid poplar growth was greater when trees were fertilized with mixed biosolids: pig slurry fertilizer treatments compared to biosolids or pig slurry alone. Assessment of foliar nutrition with the critical value approach (CVA) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) methods revealed that foliar N and P concentrations were limiting to tree growth. Vector analysis (VA) reflected growth responses in fertilized trees, relative to an unfertilized control, but may not be useful as a diagnostic tool due to the indeterminate growth habit of hybrid poplars. Nevertheless, surface application of papermill biosolids and pig slurry had the potential to improve soil fertility by increasing soil pH and extractable nutrients in the hybrid poplar plantations. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) was greater in plots receiving the mixed biosolids:pig slurry treatment than biosolids or pig slurry alone. Laboratory incubations and 15N isotope pool technique revealed that pig slurry was a source of readily-mineralizable N one month after fertilizer application, and stimulated the gross nitrification rate and immobilization, while papermill biosolids contributed to a larger mineral N pools at the end of the season. Our results suggest that denitrification will be greater in biosolids-treated soils, which have a higher extractable Ca concentration and soil pH, as well as more NO3-N and available C for denitrifiers. Further investigation under field conditions would help us to evaluate the N transformations and losses mediated by microbial activities following organic fertilizer application in a hybrid poplar plantation.
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Perner, Henrike. "Prospects for the beneficial use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in horticulture in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982596626.
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CHIAZZESE, MURJAL. "Estimation of N2O and CO2 emissions from organic and N fertilizers by coupling field measurements with modelling analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6529.
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L'effetto dei gas serra sul cambiamento climatico ha portato molti esperti a considerare la riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra come strategia per il riscaldamento globale. In particolare tale fenomeno è causato dall’anidride carbonica (CO2), metano (CH4) e il protossido di azoto (N2O). E 'ampiamente accettato che la principale fonte antropica di gas a effetto serra (tranne CO2) è dovuta alle attività agricole. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di definire concetti e strumenti per facilitare il settore agricolo a ridurre le emissioni di gas serra. In particolare, abbiamo posto la nostra attenzione ai sistemi di misurazione delle emissioni dal suolo, testando un nuovo sistema (SASSFlux) e le sue caratteristiche a confronto con due strumenti ampiamente utilizzati (Bruel & Kjaer e gascromatografia). Inoltre abbiamo testato due modelli di simulazione (DNDC e SPACSYS) valutando i dati simulati e quelli misurati su un esperimento effettuato su lisimetri. In fine abbiamo applicato le conoscenze acquisite in pieno campo per la valutazione delle emissioni di CO2 e N2O con diversi concimi e lavorazione del terreno. La tesi si propone di fornire una visione completa dei diversi aspetti da affrontare nella valutazione delle emissioni di gas serra provenienti da diversi scenari di gestione agricola.The effect of greenhouse gases (GHG) on climate change led many experts to consider the reduction of GHGs emissions as a crucial strategy to tackle the predicted global warming. In particular, atmospheric warming is caused mainly by carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is widely accepted that the main anthropogenic source of GHG (except CO2) is due to agriculture activities. The purpose of this study was to help define concepts and tools to facilitate agricultural sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In particular we based our focus on measuring systems for CO2 emissions, testing the performance of novel system (SASSFlux) and its features in different condition with two widely used instruments (Bruel&Kjaer and gas chromatography). Moreover we testing two process-based models, DNDC and SPACSYS, evaluating their performance and the agreement between simulated and measured data on a experiment carried out on lysimeters. At the end we applied all the knowledge acquired on a field experiment evaluating CO2 and N2O emissions from different organic and mineral fertilizers and tillage. The complete thesis aims to provide a comprehensive view of the different aspects to be addressed in the assessment of GHG emissions from different scenarios of agricultural management.
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CHIAZZESE, MURJAL. "Estimation of N2O and CO2 emissions from organic and N fertilizers by coupling field measurements with modelling analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6529.
Full textAbstract:
L'effetto dei gas serra sul cambiamento climatico ha portato molti esperti a considerare la riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra come strategia per il riscaldamento globale. In particolare tale fenomeno è causato dall’anidride carbonica (CO2), metano (CH4) e il protossido di azoto (N2O). E 'ampiamente accettato che la principale fonte antropica di gas a effetto serra (tranne CO2) è dovuta alle attività agricole. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di definire concetti e strumenti per facilitare il settore agricolo a ridurre le emissioni di gas serra. In particolare, abbiamo posto la nostra attenzione ai sistemi di misurazione delle emissioni dal suolo, testando un nuovo sistema (SASSFlux) e le sue caratteristiche a confronto con due strumenti ampiamente utilizzati (Bruel & Kjaer e gascromatografia). Inoltre abbiamo testato due modelli di simulazione (DNDC e SPACSYS) valutando i dati simulati e quelli misurati su un esperimento effettuato su lisimetri. In fine abbiamo applicato le conoscenze acquisite in pieno campo per la valutazione delle emissioni di CO2 e N2O con diversi concimi e lavorazione del terreno. La tesi si propone di fornire una visione completa dei diversi aspetti da affrontare nella valutazione delle emissioni di gas serra provenienti da diversi scenari di gestione agricola.The effect of greenhouse gases (GHG) on climate change led many experts to consider the reduction of GHGs emissions as a crucial strategy to tackle the predicted global warming. In particular, atmospheric warming is caused mainly by carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is widely accepted that the main anthropogenic source of GHG (except CO2) is due to agriculture activities. The purpose of this study was to help define concepts and tools to facilitate agricultural sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In particular we based our focus on measuring systems for CO2 emissions, testing the performance of novel system (SASSFlux) and its features in different condition with two widely used instruments (Bruel&Kjaer and gas chromatography). Moreover we testing two process-based models, DNDC and SPACSYS, evaluating their performance and the agreement between simulated and measured data on a experiment carried out on lysimeters. At the end we applied all the knowledge acquired on a field experiment evaluating CO2 and N2O emissions from different organic and mineral fertilizers and tillage. The complete thesis aims to provide a comprehensive view of the different aspects to be addressed in the assessment of GHG emissions from different scenarios of agricultural management.
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Mogren, Lars. "Quercetin content in yellow onion (Allium cepa L.) : effects of cultivation methods, curing and storage /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200696.pdf.
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Pablo, Raúl Andrade Andrade. "Effect of chemical fertilization and organic amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) var. Alegria INIAP Chaltura." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5414.
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The present investigation was made in the Experimental Farm "La Pradera", located in the province of Imbabura, the parish of San José de Chaltura, to 1350 meters above sea level and an average temperature of 16, 4⁰ C. To analyze the effect of the chemical and organic fertilization in amaranth of variety INIAP "Alegría" was the primary target of the investigation. The field work was made in a lapse of 6 months. The design of complete blocks (DBCA) with 15 treatments was used at random and three repetitions by treatment. The experimental unit was 18 m². It was evaluated by means of analysis of variance and the Turkey test at 5%. The factors in this study are constituted by the elements N, P, S and organic fertilizer. The analyzed variables were: number of plants; days to the flowering; days to the harvest; height of plants; biomass; extraction of nutrients; and grain yield. The number of plants presented significant difference to 1% for treatments and to 5% for blocks, the treatments that reached the greater number of plants are T11 (80-60-40-0) and T14 (0-0-0-10) with an average of 30 and 29 plants of amaranth in 0.50 linear m respectively. The treatment T4 (120-60-20-0) presented the greater height at 45 days of seedtime, with an average of 24.10 cm. The height of plants at flowering I present significant statistical results highly is the T4 (120-60-20-0) and T5 (160-60-20-0) respectively present values of height of 119.30 and 103.40 centimeters. The height of plants at the harvest determines significant difference for treatments the highest being the T5 (160-60-20-0), the one that reached the greatest height with an average of 148, 11 centimeters. The days to the flowering of the amaranth were between 70 and 85 days from seedtime and the days to the harvest were between 143 and 152 days. The treatment that reached the greater mean efficiency was the T5 (160-60-20-0) with 2583, 69 Kg/ha unlike the control who reached an average of yield of 686, 66 Kg/ha. In the organic treatments the greater yield registry in T15 (0-0-0-15) where 15 tons of organic fertilizer by hectare was used resulting in 1672.59 Kg/ha.
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Johansson, Mats. "Urban organic waste in agriculture : risk or resource? /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5716-5.pdf.
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Junqueira, Juliana Bega [UNESP]. "Aplicação de biofertilizante, composto e uréia na produção de capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) sob irrigação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123882.
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000833065.pdf: 1059098 bytes, checksum: cdc6114750ec765e3abfe80c70c98d52 (MD5)Objetiva-se descrever os efeitos da adubação orgânica associada a irrigação no potencial de produção e qualidade do capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum, Jacq. cv. Tanzânia). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), em Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Foram avaliados os efeitos da adubação com uréia; adubação com biofertilizante, proveniente da biodigestão de estrume de bovinos leiteiros; adubação com composto, proveniente da compostagem de estrume de bovinos leiteiros e; ausência de adubação, em dois níveis de irrigação (ausência e presença). O experimento foi realizado em duas fases: período de seca (abril à setembro) e período das águas (outubro à março). Foi utilizado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. O corte da forragem foi realizado quando o dossel estava interceptando 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa. Foram realizadas análises para quantificação da massa produzida, composição morfológica e análise bromatológica, a fim de avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos no potencial de produção e qualidade da planta. A adubação nitrogenada promoveu incremento da área foliar, maximizando a produção em condições climáticas favoráveis. A irrigação aumentou a produção de massa de forragem na entressafra, tornando o sistema mais estável, garantindo resultado satisfatório para a adubação e manejo na época da seca. O tratamento uréia apresentou os melhores resultados em produção de massa de forragem, entretanto o tratamento biofertilizante deve ser indicado como melhor opção de adubo orgânico, pela qualidade da forragem produzida, ganho ambiental proporcionado e produção de massa satisfatória
The objective is to describe the effects of organic fertilization associated with irrigation on production and quality of tanzania grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq cv Tanzania). The review was conducted at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Was evaluated the effects of fertilization with urea; fertilization with biofertilizer (from the manure digestion of dairy cattle); fertilization with compost (from the dairy cattle manure) and without fertilization, in two irrigation levels (absence and presence). The experiment was conducted in two phases: the dry season (April to September) and the rainy season (October to March). Was used in the study a randomized blocks. The forage was cut performed after the canopy was intercepting 95% of photosynthetically active radiation. Mass analyzes were performed to quantify the production, morphological composition and chemical analysis in order to evaluate the effect of treatments on production potential and quality of the plant. Nitrogen fertilization promoted increase in leaf area, maximizing production in favorable weather conditions. Irrigation increased the mass production of fodder in the off season, making the system more stable, ensuring satisfactory result for the fertilization and management in the dry season. The urea treatment showed the best results in production of forage mass, though the biofertilizer treatment should be nominated as best organic fertilizer option, because the quality of forage produced, environmental gain and mass production was better
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Nakao, Allan Hisashi [UNESP]. "Composto orgânico de agroindústrias na produção de feijão de inverno e milho no sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128095.
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000849349.pdf: 483553 bytes, checksum: 4648e42d9411f71143d9b728bcb0c31a (MD5)A adubação orgânica vem sendo tratada como forma de nutrição para os vegetais, com redução na aplicação de fertilizantes químicos. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a extração de nutrientes, qualidade fisiológica das sementes, atributos químicos do solo, desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno e milho em sucessão, obtido a partir do composto orgânico e mineral. O trabalho foi realizado em área experimental da UNESP - Ilha Solteira com delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, num Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de quatro doses do composto orgânico resultante dos resíduos oriundos dos processos produtivos de agroindústrias (0, 2, 4, 6 t ha -1 ) e dois tratamentos com adubos químicos (testemunha e metade da dose recomendada para a cultura do feijão de 125 kg ha -1 4-30-10). Não houve efeito da adubação orgânica nos componentes de produção do feijoeiro, nem efeito residual no milho. Entretanto, a aplicação do adubo orgânico alterou os teores de Ca e Mg na cultura do feijoeiro, além do P, Ca e S no milho. Para os atributos químicos do solo o composto orgânico incrementou os teores de nutrientes do solo, elevando principalmente o teor de fósforo e potássio, porém diminui o cálcio trocável com o aumento das doses na área cultivada em sistema plantio direto
The organic fertilizer is being treated as a form of nutrition for plants, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers. Thus, the objective was to verify the extraction of nutrients, seed quality, soil chemical properties, development and yield of winter beans and corn rotation, obtained from the organic fertilizer and mineral. The study was conducted in the experimental area UNESP - Ilha Solteira design was completely randomized blocks in 4 x 2 factorial scheme with four replications in a Oxisol. The treatments consisted of four doses of the compound resulting from waste from the production processes of agro-industries (0, 2, 4, 6 t ha -1 ) and two treatments with chemical fertilizers (control and half the recommended dose for dry beans of 125 kg ha -1 4-30-10). There was neither effect of the organic fertilization on the yield components of bean, no residual effect on corn. However, the application of organic fertilizer changed the Ca and Mg in the bean crop, besides the P, S and Ca in the corn. For soil chemical attributes the increased organic compound on soil nutrient content, especially raising the level of phosphorus and potassium, but decreases calcium exchangeable with increasing doses in the area cultivated in no-tillage system
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Kyulavski, Vladislav Dimitrov. "Greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks associated with crop residues and organic fertilizers mixtures in sugar cane cropping systems." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/19_27_VDKyulav.pdf.
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Dans le contexte environnemental actuel il est nécessaire d’optimiser l’utilisation des ressources pour réduire les déchets et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). L’utilisation de ressources renouvelables et le recyclage sont au cœur du modèle d’économie circulaire, selon lequel le déchet est une ressource mobilisable, transformable, réutilisable et par conséquent non limitée. En agriculture, le cercle vertueux de l’économie circulaire peut être mis en place à travers le recyclage des matières organiques en tant que fertilisants et l’adoption d’une approche agroécologique qui privilégie les services écosystémiques pour lutter contre les nuisibles, protéger le sol et augmenter ses stocks de carbone, dont un des exemples est le paillage. Dans la culture de canne à sucre, la paille laissée à la surface du sol, est aussi de plus en plus convoitée par les industriels pour la production d’agrocarburant de seconde génération. L’émergence d’une telle concurrence d’usage de la biomasse et les enjeux environnementaux sous-jacents imposent d’évaluer à la fois les avantages et les inconvénients agronomiques et environnementaux du recyclage conjoint du paillis de canne à sucre et des fertilisants organiques. Les objectifs de ce travail sont donc i) de comparer l’effet des fertilisants de qualité physicochimique contrastée, sur la décomposition d’un paillis de canne à sucre, et ii) d’évaluer les potentialités d’émission de GES des mélanges paillis-fertilisant en fonction de la quantité de paille laissée et de la qualité des fertilisants apportés. La stratégie de recherche adoptée visait dans un premier temps à détecter des interactions carbone/azote lors du recyclage conjoint de la paille et des fertilisants organiques. Nous avons ainsi testé la prédictibilité des dynamiques de minéralisation du C et du N des matières organiques seules, ou en mélange (paille/fertilisant) en laboratoire, par un modèle additif simple et un modèle mécaniste de transformation du carbone et de l’azote dans le sol – CANTIS. Nos résultats ont montré que les deux modèles ont surestimé la minéralisation du C et n’ont pas prédit correctement la minéralisation du N des deux mélanges. Cette interaction antagoniste pour les mélanges a pu être corrigée par l’application d’un facteur de contact dans CANTIS, qui reflète la diminution de la biodisponibilité du C et du N, due à des hétérogénéités de distribution à une échelle fine du sol. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons effectué des essais au champ (en condition réelles) pour suivre à la fois la décomposition de la paille de canne à sucre en mélange avec des fertilisants organiques et les émissions de GES. La quantité de paille décomposée a été proportionnelle à la quantité initiale laissée et n’a été affectée ni par la quantité de paille initiale, ni par le type de fertilisant apporté. Cette proportionnalité est transposable aux potentialités de stockage de carbone dans le sol et devrait être considérée lors de la mise en place de programmes de séquestration de carbone dans le sol ou lors de l’exportation de la paille pour une utilisation par ailleurs. Le type de fertilisant a un rôle clef sur les émissions de GES à court terme après la fertilisation. Les flux d’émissions moyens de CO2 et de N2O les plus élevés ont été obtenus en appliquant du lisier de porc, qui a une forte teneur en eau et est riche en N minéral. A l’inverse, les cinétiques des émissions de GES des fertilisants solides ont été régis par des facteurs environnementaux, dont certains pourraient être contrôlés, tels que l'apport en eau ou la quantité de fertilisant. L’utilisation de fertilisants organiques est bénéfique lorsqu’ils sont riches en N organique et pauvres en teneur en eau, comme la boue de station d’épuration sèche, mais la minéralisation de l’azote dans ce cas est progressive et nécessite l’élaboration de plans d’épandage spécifiques pour répondre aux besoins des culturesIn the current environmental context, it is crucial to optimize the use of resources to reduce waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable resources use and recycling lies at the heart of the circular economy model, in which a waste is a mobilizable, transformable, reusable and therefore renewable resource. In agriculture, the “virtuous circle” of circular economy can be achieved through the recycling of organic wastes as fertilizer and the adoption of an agroecological approach that favors ecosystem services for pest control, soil protection and carbon stocks increase, one of the examples of which is mulching. In sugarcane cropping systems straw left on the soil surface is also increasingly coveted by industrial sector to produce second-generation agrofuels. The emerging competition for biomass use and the underlying environmental issues make it necessary to assess both, the agronomic and the environmental advantages and disadvantages of joint recycling of sugarcane mulch and organic fertilizers. Therefore, the objectives of this work are i) to compare the effect of fertilizers of contrasting physicochemical quality, on the decomposition of a sugarcane mulch, and ii) to evaluate the potential of GHG emissions from mulch-fertilizer mixtures, according to the quantity of straw left and the quality of the fertilizers applied. The research strategy adopted in a first step aimed to detect carbon/nitrogen interactions during the combined recycling of straw and organic fertilizers. We have thus tested the predictability of the mineralization dynamics of C and N of the organic materials alone, or in mixture (straw/fertilizer) in the laboratory, by a simple additive model, and a mechanistic model of carbon and nitrogen transformation in the soil - CANTIS. Our results showed that both models overestimated the C mineralization and did not correctly predict the N mineralization of the mixtures. This antagonistic interaction for the mixtures was corrected by the application of a contact factor in CANTIS, which reflects the bioavailability decrease of C and N, due to distribution heterogeneities at a fine scale within the soil. In a second step, we conducted field trials (under real conditions) to measure both the decomposition of sugarcane straw mixed with organic fertilizers and GHG emissions. The amount of straw decomposed was proportional to the initial amount left and was affected neither by the amount of straw nor the type of fertilizer provided. This proportionality is transposable to the potential for carbon sequestration in the soil and should be considered when setting up carbon sequestration or when exporting the straw for alternative use. The type of fertilizer plays a key role in GHG emissions in the short term after fertilization. The highest average CO2 and N2O emission fluxes were obtained by applying pig slurry, which has a high water content and is rich in mineral N. Conversely, the kinetics of GHG emissions from solid fertilizers have been governed by environmental factors, some of which could be controlled, such as water intake or fertilizer quantity application. The use of organic fertilizers is beneficial when they are rich in organic N and poor in water content, such as dry sewage sludge, but the mineralization of nitrogen in this case is gradual and requires elaboration of a specific application strategies to meet crop needs. A better integration of the interactions between the different N and C sources should be considered, in order to develop modeling as a precise tool for the management of an agroecosystem
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Malagi, Gustavo. "Respostas agronômicas e ecofisiológicas de videira, cultivar BRS Violeta, influenciadas por sistemas de adubação." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/250.
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CAPESO cultivo da videira no Paraná, especialmente na região Sudoeste, tem apresentado desenvolvimento ascendente em função da ampliação dos canais de consumo e das melhorias infraestruturais e de manejo que vem sendo adotadas. Porém, questões de ordem econômica como a elevação dos custos com fertilizantes e, questões técnicas como a falta de pesquisas voltadas ao desenvolvimento de um modelo produtivo sustentável, limitam ainda a expansão desta cultura. Assim, buscam-se alternativas que possam suprir carências de fertilizantes acessíveis economicamente e ao mesmo tempo eficientes agronomicamente. Busca-se também suprir as necessidades da sociedade por produtos alternativos voltados a um modelo de produção agroecológico. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de formulações à base de insumos alternativos, isolados ou em combinação com derivados do xisto, sobre o desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade dos frutos da videira. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Pato Branco, entre 2008 e 2011, utilizando-se dez tratamentos: T1: Fosfato Natural de Gafsa (FNG) + K2SO4; T2: FNG + PRB (Pó de Rocha Bioland®); T3: FNG + K2SO4 + GP (cama de Galinha Poedeira); T4: FNG + PRB + GP; T5: FNG + K2SO4 + MBR3 (Matriz Xisto 3); T6: FNG + PRB + MBR3; T7: FNG + K2SO4 + MBR3 + GP; T8: FNG + PRB + MBR3 + GP; T9: SFT (Superfosfato Triplo) + KCl + Uréia e T10: Testemunha Absoluta. Empregou-se o delineamento blocos ao caso com quatro repetições, utilizando-se videira cultivar BRS Violeta. Cada unidade experimental foi composta por sete plantas úteis, limitadas por duas plantas de bordadura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise da variância utilizando-se análise de contraste ortogonais em estrutura fatorial para comparação das classes de adubação. Verificou-se que a área foliar da cultivar BRS Violeta pode ser determinada com boa precisão pela equação ß : 0,2169(SCN S)² + 5,3642(SCN S) - 34,725 , substituindo o parâmetro SCNS pelo somatório do comprimento das nervuras secundárias das folhas. O uso de sulfato de potássio proporcionou aumento significativo do teor de potássio na camada superficial do solo, favorecendo a elevação da condutância estomática e da taxa fotossintética das folhas no verásion, a elevação do teor deste elemento nas cascas das bagas, e o aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis totais nas bagas durante a evolução da maturação. O uso do pó de rocha Bioland® e da matriz MBR3 proporcionou aumento do teor de fósforo na camada superficial do solo, possivelmente pela dessorção deste elemento por silício. A atividade microbiana do solo esteve relacionada também com o aumento do teor de fósforo pela mineralização do fósforo orgânico presente nos restos culturais da cobertura de inverno. Na safra 2010/11 a área foliar das videiras aumentou ignificativamente pelo efeito médio dos tratamentos com adubação. A produtividade por área não foi afetada significativamente pelos efeitos das adubações, assim como os teores de antocianinas e flavonóides na evolução da maturação. As avaliações pós-colheita não evidenciaram influencias dos tratamentos. Pelos tratamentos alternativos serem de baixa solubilidade, é esperado que seus efeitos sejam evidentes de médio a longo prazo.
Vineyards in Paraná, especially in the Southwest region, has shown upward development due to the expansion of the channels of consumption and infrastructural improvements and management that has been adopted. However, financial issues as the rising cost of fertilizers, and technical issues such as lack of research directed to developing a sustainable model of production, limit further expansion of this culture. Thus, attempts to find alternatives that can meet needs for affordable and fertilizer at the same time efficient crop. The aim is also supply the needs of society for alternative products aimed at a model agroecological. This study objective to evaluate the influence of formulations based on alternative inputs, alone or in combination with products derived from shale, on the development, production and fruit quality of grapevine. The study was conducted in an experimental area at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco Campus, between 2008 and 2011, using ten treatments: T1: Gafsa Rock Phosphate (GRP) + K2SO4; T2: GRP + RDB (Rock Dust Bioland®); T3: GRP + K2SO4 + TL (Turkey Litter), T4: GRP + RDB + TL; T5: GRP + K2SO4 + MBR3 (Matriz Shale 3), T6: GRP + RDB + MBR3; T7: GRP + K2SO4 + MBR3 + TL, T8: GRP + RDB + TL + MBR3; T9: TSP (Triple Superphosphate) + Urea + KCl and T10: absolute control. We employed a block design with four replications, using BRS Violeta vine. Each experimental unit consisted of seven plants, limited by two border plants. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using orthogonal contrast analysis in comparison to factor structure of the classes of fertilization. It was found that the leaf area of BRS Violeta can be determined by the equation ß : 0,2169(SCN S)² + 5,3642(SCN S) - 34,725 , replacing the parameter SCNs by the sum of the length of secondary veins of leaves, with good accuracy. The use of potassium sulfate provided significant increase of potassium content in the topsoil, causing high stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of leaves in verásion, raising the content of this element in the bark, berries and enhanced content of soluble solids in berries during the maturation. The use of basaltic rock powder Witimarsun MBR3 provided an increase of phosphorus content in topsoil, possibly by the desorption of this element in silicon. The soil microbial activity was also related with the increase of phosphorus content on the mineralization of organic phosphorus present in the debris of winter cover crops. In the 2010/11 crop leaf area of vines increased significantly by the average effect of fertilization treatments. The productivity per area was not significantly affected by the effects of fertilization, and it also happened with the anthocyanins and flavonoids on the maturation. Postharvest evaluations showed no influence of treatments. Alternative treatments are those of low solubility, so it is expected that its effects will be evident in the medium to long term.
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Silva, Priscilla Nátaly de Lima 1988. "Produção de beterraba em função de doses de bokashi e torta de mamona em cobertura /." Botucatu :, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93569.
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Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio CardosoBanca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Arthur Bernardes Cecilio Filho
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses de bokashi e torta de mamona aplicados em cobertura na produção de beterraba. Foram realizados quatro experimentos na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), localizada no município de São Manuel- SP. No primeiro e segundo experimentos foram testadas doses de bokashi em cobertura (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 g m-2), e uma testemunha com cobertura inorgânica, totalizando seis tratamentos, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A adubação de plantio constou apenas de composto orgânico (40 t ha-1) no primeiro experimento e no segundo, além do composto orgânico foi feita a adubação inorgânica com NPK 4-14-8 (1,3 t ha-1). No terceiro e quarto experimentos foram testadas doses de torta de mamona em cobertura (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 g m-2), e uma testemunha com cobertura inorgânica, totalizando seis tratamentos, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A adubação de plantio constou apenas de composto orgânico (40 t ha-1) no terceiro experimento e no quarto, além do composto orgânico, foi feita a adubação inorgânica com NPK 4-14-8 (1,7 t ha-1). A adubação de cobertura nos experimentos foi parcelada em três vezes, em intervalos de 14 dias após o transplante. As características avaliadas foram: altura...
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of doses of Bokashi and castor bean cake applied as coverage in beet production. Four experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), located in the municipality of San Manuel - SP. In the first and second experiments doses of bokashi were tested (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g m-2), totaling six treatments in the experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. In these experiments (first and second) the planting fertilization consisted only of organic compost (40 t ha-1), and besides the organic compound, it was made inorganic fertilization with NPK 4-14-8 (1,3 t ha-1). In the third and fourth experiments doses of castor bean were tested (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g m-2), totaling six treatments, the experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. In these experiments (third and fourth), the planting fertilization consisted only of organic compost (40 t ha-1) and besides the organic compound, it was made inorganic fertilization with NPK 4-14-8 (1,7 t ha-1). The topdressing in the experiments was divided into three times, at intervals of 14 days after transplantation. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and the root, root diameter and length, and yield. In the third and fourth experiments, it was also analyzed the accumulation of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur). The application of up to 600 g m-2 of bokashi cover resulted in an increase in plant height, fresh weight of root, root length and beet productivity with and without inorganic fertilizer at planting. The largest contribution to the growth and yield of beet was provided by inorganic topdressing, with little effect of doses of bokashi in coverage. Increases in doses of castor bean cake in coverage provided in all...
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Lanna, Natália de Brito Lima 1987. "Composto orgânico e torta de mamona na produção e qualidade de frutos e sementes de abobrinha-de-moita /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157122.
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Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio CardosoBanca: João Nakagawa
Banca: Felipe Oliveira Magro
Banca: Pâmela Gomes Nakada Freitas
Banca: Pedro Jovchevich
Resumo: A produção orgânica está cada vez mais aumentando em importância, sendo que nesta é proibida a utilização de adubos inorgânicos. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa estudar o efeito de doses de composto orgânico no plantio para produção de frutos e doses de torta de mamona em cobertura na produção e qualidade de frutos e de sementes de abobrinha-de-moita. Objetivou-se também, estudar tratamentos alternativos de sementes de abobrinha-de-moita. O trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos, sendo que no primeiro (produção de frutos imaturos) foram estudados 12 tratamentos, resultantes do fatorial 6 x 2, em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram seis diferentes adubações, sendo uma inorgânica e cinco doses (0; 20; 40; 60; 80 t ha-1) de composto orgânico no plantio, e em cada adubação foram utilizadas 1 ou 2 plantas por cova. No capítulo 2 foram estudados seis tratamentos de adubação em cobertura para produção e qualidade de frutos imaturos. Foram utilizadas cinco doses de torta de mamona (TM) (0,0; 1,7; 3,4; 5,1 e 6,8 t ha-1) mais um tratamento com adubação inorgânica. No capítulo 3 foram estudados 14 tratamentos, resultantes do fatorial (4 x 3 + 1 + 1), sendo quatro doses de torta de mamona em cobertura (1,7; 3,4; 5,1 e 6,8 t ha-1) x três parcelamentos das aplicações (33-33-33%; 50-50% e 33-50-17%), além do controle com adubação inorgânica em cobertura (150 Kg ha-1 de N e 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O) e o controle sem nenhum tipo de adubação em cobertura (d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Organic production is increasing in importance, and in this system is prohibited the use of inorganic fertilizers. The objective of this research was to study the effect of organic compost doses on planting for fuit and castor bean cake (CBC) in coverage in the production and quality of fruits and seeds of zucchini. The objective was also to study alternative treatments of seeds of zucchini. The work was divided in four chapters, the first one (production of immature fruits) were studied 12 treatments, resulting from factorial 6 x 2, in a randomized block experimental design, with four replications. There were six different fertilizations, one inorganic and five doses (0; 20; 40; 60 t ha-1 ) of organic compost in the planting, and in each fertilization 1 or 2 plants per hole were used. In Chapter 2, six treatments of castor bean cake were studied for yield and quality of immature fruits. Five doses of CBC (0.0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 and 6.8 t ha-1 ) plus one inorganic fertilizer treatment were used. In Chapter 3, 14 treatments were studied, resulting from the factorial (4 x 3 + 1 + 1), with four doses of CBC (1.7, 3.4, 5.1 and 6.8 t ha-1 ) x three installments (33-33-33%, 50-50% and 33-50-17%), in addition to the control with inorganic fertilization (150 kg ha-1 of N and 90 kg ha -1 of K2O) and the control without any kind of cover fertilization (dose 0,0), only with organic fertilization before planting. In Chapter 4, alternative treatments of seeds of zucchini (dry and moist thermotherapy and propolis) were studied. In Chapter 1, for all evaluated characteristics related to fruit production per plant there was a linear effect for the doses of organic compost, with increasing in the fruit production. In Chapter 2, a linear increase was observed for all evaluated characteristics related to the production of immature fruits per plant, the higher the CBC dose. No differences were observed among all treatments, both ...
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Kandil, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Hussein. "The effect of fertilizers for conventional and organic farming on yield and oil quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) in Egypt." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964677806.
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Grunwald, Dennis [Verfasser]. "Effects of the application of biochar and organic fertilizers as well as temperature on soil carbon and aggregate dynamics / Dennis Grunwald." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1155423321/34.
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Wollmann, Iris [Verfasser], and Kurt PD [Akademischer Betreuer] Möller. "Phosphorus bioavailability of fertilizers recycled from sewage sludge and their suitability for organic crop production / Iris Wollmann ; Betreuer: Kurt PD Möller." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204478600/34.
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Romeiro, Júlio César Thoaldo [UNESP]. "Atributos químicos do solo e crescimento de laranjeiras ‘pera’ irrigadas com efluente de esgoto tratado e fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto compostado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103445.
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romeiro_jct_dr_botfca.pdf: 1100779 bytes, checksum: afd3b3705abbd53736c08e67b37a277a (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O lodo de esgoto (LE) é a porção sólida do resíduo gerado no tratamento de águas servidas, sejam domésticas, industriais ou agroindustriais, contendo níveis elevados de matéria orgânica, macro e micronutrientes fundamentais para a fertilidade do solo. À porção líquida resultante deste tratamento da-se o nome de água residuária (AR) ou efluente de esgoto tratado (EET). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos (lodo de esgoto compostado e efluente de esgoto tratado) nos parâmetros vegetativos das laranjeiras (altura de planta, diâmetro do caule e volume de copa), bem como nas características químicas do solo (pH, M.O., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, CTC e V%) e nos teores nutricionais (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) de laranjeiras ‘Pêra’ enxertadas em limoeiro ‘Cravo’, em função da substituição da adubação nitrogenada mineral pelo equivalente deste elemento presente no lodo de esgoto; e da irrigação das laranjeiras com efluente de esgoto tratado. Para o cálculo das doses a serem aplicadas, considerou-se 58% de umidade do material orgânico, 2,77% de N presente em sua constituição e taxa de mineralização de 30%, perfazendo as doses de 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 e 30 kg planta-1 de lodo de esgoto, complementando com fontes minerais os tratamentos necessários afim de satisfazer 100% da demanda nutricional da planta por este elemento. As plantas eram irrigadas por gotejamento, e o sistema baseou-se na reposição ao solo da quantidade de água evapotranspirada no dia imediatamente anterior, tanto nos tratamentos com água tratada quanto com efluente de esgoto tratado. Após coletados e tabulados, os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey a um nível de 5% de...
Sewage sludge (LE) is the portion of the solid waste generated in wastewater treatment, be it domestic, industrial or agro-containing high levels of organic matter, macro and micronutrients essential for soil fertility. In the liquid portion resulting from this treatment of the name of wastewater (AR) or treated sewage effluent (TSE). This study evaluate the effects of waste (sewage sludge composted and treated sewage effluent) on the parameters of qrow orange trees (plant height, stem diameter and canopy volume) and chemical soil characteristics (pH , MO, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, CTC and V%) and nutrient contentes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe , Mn and Zn) from orange Pera, due to the substitution of mineral N fertilization for the equivalent of that element present in sewage sludge, and irrigation the orange trees with treated sewage effluent. For the calculation of doses to be applied, it was considered 58% moisture content of organic matter, 2.77% of N present in their formation and mineralization rate of 30%, to doses of 0, 6, 12, 18, 00:30 kg plant-1 of sewage sludge, complete with mineral sources of N treatments needed to meet 100% of the nutritional demand of the plant by this element. The drip irrigation has been based on replacement of the ground amount of water transpired the day immediately prior, both in treated water and treated with treated sewage effluent. Once collected and tabulated, the data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at a 5% level of significance. The results indicate that the sewage sludge acidification caused to these soils, increased MO, CTC in the soil, added significant amounts of Ca, P, S and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the soil. However, lower... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)