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1
Peng, Changkang, Ya Gao, Yaqin Tan, et al. "Pollution and Release Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Organic Carbon in Pond Sediments in a Typical Polder Area of the Lake Taihu Basin." Water 14, no. 5 (2022): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050820.
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There is currently a lack of knowledge on the release characteristics of nutrients from artificial pond sediments in polder areas, resulting in problems in future management of such environments, including converting polders to lakes. In this study, sediment samples were taken from a fish pond and a lotus pond in a typical polder area of the Lake Taihu Basin in China. The total nitrogen (TN, 1760–1810 mg/kg), total phosphorus (TP, 1370–1463 mg/kg) and total organic carbon (TOC, 10.1–21.2 g/kg) contents were significantly higher than those found in sediments from the adjacent aquatic system, which indicates that the legacy of agricultural activities has had an obvious cumulative effect on pond sediment nutrients. The release behavior of TN, TP and TOC varied significantly, not only under disturbed and static conditions, but also from sediments sampled at different ponds and depths. During the disturbing condition, there were continuous releases of carbon and nutrients in the lotus pond sediments, while the fish pond sediments showed a higher release at the beginning. Under static release conditions, the release of TP in the surface and bottom sediments of the fish pond increased first, then decreased and stabilized within 24 h, while the release of the lotus pond showed a slow upward trend. Despite the lower concentration of nutrients and TOC, the lotus pond sediment showed a higher release rate. The results suggested that it is necessary to adopt different strategies for different types of ponds in the project of returning polders to lakes; it is especially important to pay attention to the release of nutrients from the bottom sediments of lotus ponds in the project management.
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Dróżdż, D., K. Malińska, M. Kacprzak, et al. "Potential of Fish Pond Sediments Composts as Organic Fertilizers." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 10 (2020): 5151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6.
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Abstract Increased fish pond production is associated with the generation of various waste including fish pond sediments. Fish pond sediments could be a valuable source of nutrients for growing plants, however they require further processing in order to be applied to soil. Composting is considered one of the methods for processing fish pond sediments. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of organic fish pond sediments to be managed through laboratory composting with selected waste materials and evaluate the fertilizing potential of the obtained compost. The scope included: (1) analysis of organic fish pond sediments, (2) laboratory composting of organic fish pond sediments with wheat straw and green grass, (3) analysis of the obtained composts, (4) preparation of growing media with selected additives, (5) analysis of the properties of the prepared growing media and (6) analysis of the effect of the investigated growing media on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in pot experiments. The addition of cardboard waste and woodchips derived biochar to the obtained compost improved significantly the growth of the roots of Cardamine L. Also, the content of carbon and nitrogen in the compost mixtures increased. The addition of M1 (compost from organic fish pond sediments and 1% of biochar) to the soil had a significant impact on the growth of white beans. Graphic Abstract
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Adepoju, Samuel Adebowale, Ibrahim Adewale Gbadegesin, Oluwaloni Peter Oluwanisola, and Adama Bola Saadu. "Effects of Fish Pond Sediment on Yield and Productivity of Two Varieties of Amaranths (Amaranthus spp.)." Journal of Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Animal Science 2, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.69739/jaaas.v2i1.189.
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The rising costs of inorganic fertilizers have rendered them inaccessible to many farmers, resulting in reduced crop yields. An affordable alternative for enhancing soil fertility is the use of organic materials such as fish pond sediments. These sediments are nutrient-rich and have the potential to enhance soil quality, promote crop growth, and increase yields. This study examined the effect of fish pond sediments on the yield and productivity of two amaranth varieties. The research was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching and Research Farm. A 2x6 factorial experiment was employed using a Randomized Complete Block Design. The experiment included six sediment application rates: a control (no sediments) and sediment rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg/ha, applied to two amaranth varieties (green leaf with Accession IDs NHAM 0116-1-2 and NHAM 0112-1-4). Yield and productivity parameters were assessed after 10 weeks. The findings revealed that fish pond sediment application significantly enhanced the yield of both amaranth varieties. The highest yield (51.36 Mg/ha), Chlorophyll A (1.64 mg/dm2), chlorophyll B (1.76 mg/dm2), and crude fibre content (12.18%) were recorded at the sediment application rate of 25 Mg/ha. The results demonstrate that fish pond sediments are a viable nutrient source for improving soil fertility and boosting the growth and yield of amaranths.
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Yan, Leiming, Hong Zhang, Xiaohui You, Zhifang Zhu, Shiwen Zhao, and Yicheng Wang. "Analysis of Sediment Nutrient Pollution Characteristics of Enclosed Fish Ponds in Baiyangdian Lake." Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 2, no. 1 (2025): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.62517/jlsa.202507102.
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In order to solidly promote the governance and protection of the ecological environment of Baiyangdian Lake, taking the bottom sediment of the enclosed fish ponds in three areas of Baiyangdian Lake as the research object, the plane and vertical distribution characteristics of nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter in different layers (0~60cm) in the bottom sediment were analyzed with Nemerow index method, and the pollution degree of sediment in each area was evaluated. The results showed that the TN concentration of the fish pond bottom sediment in the Shaochedian area was 1020.0mg/kg~2101.7mg/kg, the TP concentration was 267.7 mg/kg~787.2 mg/kg, the organic matter content was 2.7%~9.5%, and the pollution degree of the fish pond was mainly light and moderate. The TN concentration of the fish pond bottom sediment in Zaolinzhuang area was 502.3 mg/kg~1996.7mg/kg, the TP concentration was 292.1mg/kg~5465.3mg/kg, the organic matter content was 2.9%~10.8%, the pollution degree of the fish pond was mainly light and moderate. The TN content of the fish pond bottom sediment of the fish pond in the Wanloudian area was 470.8mg/kg~2075.0mg/kg, TP concentration was 128.0mg/kg~705.8mg/kg, the organic matter content was 3.4%~9.6%, and the pollution degree of fish pond was mainly moderate and heavy. From the perspective of the vertical distribution of pollutants, the organic matter content and TN of the bottom sediment of the fish pond in each area showed a gradual decreasing trend from the surface layer (0~10cm) to the bottom layer (50~60cm), and the removal of the surface sediment was the key to the reduction of endogenous pollution in the fish pond in Baiyangdian Lake, while the TP had no obvious regularity.
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Thi Da, Chau, Phan Anh Tu, John Livsey, Van Tai Tang, Håkan Berg, and Stefano Manzoni. "Improving Productivity in Integrated Fish-Vegetable Farming Systems with Recycled Fish Pond Sediments." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (2020): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071025.
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The increasing intensification of aquaculture systems requires the development of strategies to reduce their environmental impacts such as pollution caused by the discharge of nutrient rich sediments into local water bodies. Recycling of fish pond sediments (FPS) as fertilizer has been proposed as a possible solution that may also reduce the reliance on synthetic fertilizers. With a case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, we determined suitable mixtures of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pond sediment (PPS) and locally sourced organic amendments of rice straw (RS), or common water hyacinth (WH) to fertilize cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) in an integrated cucumber–giant gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy) farming system. Highest nutrient concentrations were found when mixing 30% PPS with 70% RS or WH. When used in combination with chemical fertilizer, it was found that a 25% to 75% reduction in chemical fertilizer application could be achieved, while also increasing cucumber yields, with the highest yields found when RS was used in organic amendments. In combination with the additional income from fish production, integrated farming systems such as that demonstrated in this study, may increase both farm income and production diversity.
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Yang, Zhen, Yanhong Yao, Meng Sun, Gu Li, and Jianqiang Zhu. "Metagenomics Reveal Microbial Effects of Lotus Root–Fish Co-Culture on Nitrogen Cycling in Aquaculture Pond Sediments." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091740.
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Feed input leads to a large amount of nitrogen-containing sediment accumulating in the substrate in the pond culture process, threatening the safety of aquaculture production. Planting lotus roots (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) in ponds can accelerate the removal of bottom nitrogen, while the role of nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms in the removal is still unclear. In this study, eight yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) culture ponds with the same basic situation were divided into fishponds with planted lotus roots and ponds with only fish farming. Sediment samples were taken from the fishponds with planted lotus roots and the ponds with only fish farming before and after fish farming, marked as FPB, FPA, FOB, and FOA, respectively, and subjected to physicochemical and metagenomic sequencing analyses. The results show that the contents of NH4+, NO2−, TN, TP, and OM were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in FPA than in FOA. The abundance of metabolic pathways for inorganic nitrogen transformation and ammonia assimilation increased considerably after culture compared to the sediments before culture. A total of eight ammonia production pathways and two ammonia utilization pathways were annotated in the sediments of the experimental ponds, with a very high abundance of ammonia assimilation. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas (34.67%, 18.02%) were the dominant bacteria in the pond sediments before culture, which changed to Thiobacillus (12.16%) after culture. The FPA had significantly higher relative abundances of Thiobacillus denitrificans and Sulfuricella denitrificans, and the FOA had significantly a higher abundance of Microcystis aeruginosa compared to other samples. The massive growth of Microcystis aeruginosa provided two new inorganic nitrogen metabolic pathways and one organic nitrogen metabolic pathway for FOA. The relative abundances of these three microorganisms were negatively correlated with NH4+ content (p < 0.01) and significantly positively correlated with AP, OM content, and pH value. Compared with ponds with only fish farming, lotus root–fish co-culture can significantly reduce the nitrogen content in sediment, increase the abundance of denitrifying bacteria, and inhibit algae growth. Still, it has little effect on the abundance of nitrogen cycle-related enzymes and genes. In summary, it is shown that, although lotus roots promote the growth of denitrifying microorganisms in the sediment, nitrogen removal relies mainly on nutrient uptake by lotus roots.
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Barua, P., H. Zamal, and M. S. N. Chowdhury. "Nutrient mass balance for improved traditional coastal shrimp ponds of Bangladesh." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 26, no. 2 (2022): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v26i2.174.
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Three category of tidal water exchange system depended ponds have been selected for the experiments which were canal connected, river connected and pond connected pond. Present study was undertaken to estimate the nutrient balance into the coastal shrimp ponds of Cox’s Bazar coastal region. It was found that mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, feed, fish and shrimp fry, water supply and rainfall are the nutrient input and crop product (fish, shrimp, crab), crop residues, denitrification, water discharge and sedimentation are the nutrient output for shrimp pond. Estimation of overall nutrient mass balance per hector basis indicates that fertilizer was the highest nutrient contributor as followed by the supplementary feed into the experimental ponds. The total inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were 78.87 kgha-1cycle-1 and 42.85 kgha-1cycle-1 respectively. Among the input only 34.6 % of nitrogen and 7.20 % of phosphorus were removed as harvested shrimp, fish and crab. A large portion, 38.58 % of N and 91.38 % of P were remained in the sediments and unaccounted for. From the investigation on nutrient balance for 3 categories of shrimp ponds it was concluded that Reuse water or pond connected pond system for coastal shrimp ponds should not be practiced anywhere in Bangladesh
 
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Kozlova, Anastasia, Tatiana Solovieva, Sergei Kurashkin, Maxim Bricotnin, and Natalia Kandaurova. "Modeling and statistical analysis of the impact of environmental factors on aquatic biodiversity." BIO Web of Conferences 173 (2025): 03035. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517303035.
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This work is dedicated to the analysis of aquatic ecosystems and the assessment of the impact of anthropogenic interventions on amphibian biodiversity. Special attention is given to restored and control ponds, where ecological characteristics such as pond type, vegetation cover, shore condition, and the presence of fish are studied, as well as their impact on amphibian species diversity. The work employed correlation, factor, and regression analysis methods, which revealed significant relationships between ecological characteristics and amphibian species abundance. The analysis results show that factors such as pond type, the presence of fish, and shoreline features have a significant impact on species diversity. A positive correlation was found between the presence of amphibian species and overall species diversity, while a negative correlation was observed between anthropogenic factors, such as fish and artificially created ponds, and amphibian abundance. Factor analysis identified latent variables describing the ecological structures of the data, such as pond types, vegetation, and organic sediments, and also demonstrated that the restoration of aquatic ecosystems contributes to improved biodiversity.
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Vojinović, M. B., S. T. Pavkov, and D. D. Buzarov. "Residues of Persistent Organochlorine Compounds in Selected Aquatic Ecosystems of Vojvodina (Yugoslavia)." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (1990): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0017.
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In this paper, the concentration of a wide range of persistent organochlo-rine compounds α, β,γ, hexachlorocyclohexane Ʃ-HCH, p,p 'DDE, o,p 'DDE, p,p 'DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the aquatic environments of the river Danube, Tisa, Lake Palić, and fish-pond Ečka are reported. The residues of organochlorine insecticides -OCI and PCBs in water, sediments, fish muscle and eggs of aquatic birds were analysed. These data show the serious contamination of selected aquatic ecosystems (Danube, Tisa, Lake Palić and fish-pond Ečka) of Vojvodina. Because of the concentration of these compounds at top levels, fish, eggs of aquatic birds and sediments are an excellent indicator for detecting trace organic compounds whose presence in water would be difficult to measure directly. The residues of OCI were determined by GC-ECD. Polychlorinated biphenyls -- PCB congeners were quantified by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC-ECD).
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Yogi, Yonita Nabila, Achmad Noerkhaerin Putra, and Desy Aryani. "Identification of microplastic content in milkfish ponds in Lontar Village, Serang Regency." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 11, no. 2 (2024): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v11i2.15369.
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Microplastics measuring < 5 mm can easily enter the fish's body through the respiratory system and digestive system. The aim of this research is to calculate the abundance of microplastics and determine the types contained in the bodies of milkfish, water and sediment in the Lontar Village Pond, Serang Regency. There are 6 stations, 4 fish samples were taken from each station, water samples were taken using a plankton net and sediment samples were taken using individual pipes at each station. The number of fish samples was 24 fish, meat, intestine, stomachs and gills were taken. Fish organs were destroyed using 10% KOH. Samples were incubated for 24 hours until the organic material was destroyed. Then filtered using Whattman No 42, and dried using an oven at 60ºC for 1 hour. Likewise, filtering of water and sediment samples is carried out. The types of microplastics found were fragments, fibers and films. The highest abundance was in the gills and intestines with an abundance of 11 per individual. The highest abundance of microplastics in the water in Lontar Village ponds is the fragment type with a total of 5 per/20 mL at station 3 and the film type with a total of 5 per/20 mL at station 6 and in the milkfish pond sediments of Lontar Village the highest abundance of microplastics is 1 per/25 gr. The types of polymers found in the digestive tract of milkfish are Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Latex, Polystyrene (PS), Nylon, and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Keywords: Aquaculture; Lontar; Microplastics; Milkfish
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GIRARD, Léo, Alexander WEZEL, and Joël ROBIN. "Drying out fish ponds, for an entire growth season, as an agroecological practice: maintaining primary producers for fish production and biodiversity conservation." Open Research Europe 3 (October 15, 2024): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16363.2.
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Agroecology largely focusses on terrestrial agroecosystems, but it can also be applied to fish farming. Indeed, ponds are typically used for fish production in Europe, but are also important reservoirs of biodiversity. Numerous studies demonstrate that both fish production and biodiversity are strongly determined by human management. One key practice in extensive fish farming, although more rare in Europe, is to dry out ponds. They are left dry for a complete year after several years of fish production. However, the extent to which this practice affects the functioning of the ecosystem, its biodiversity and fish production remain unclear. We investigated data from 85 fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, sampled between 2007 and 2014. We related variation in key abiotic characteristics to the time since last dry out. The dataset included organic matter content in pond sediments and concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column, and biotic components such as macrophytes cover and richness, phytoplankton concentration and richness, macroinvertebrates density, and fish yield. Our results show that drying out facilitates the mineralization of organic matter in sediments and results in higher concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the water column. Macrophytes cover is highest during the first year after drying out, and gradually declines after at the expense of increasing phytoplankton concentration. The diversity of both is highest in the first year after drying out and declines rapidly, especially for macrophytes. Fish yield is at its maximum in the second year. Drying out fish ponds appears to be an important agroecological practice in extensive fish farming with an application every three to four years. By nutrient recycling, this practice has a positive impact on the balance between primary producers and indirectly on the whole food web during two years. It optimizes fish production and allows biodiversity conservation.
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GIRARD, Léo, Alexander WEZEL, and Joël ROBIN. "Drying out fish ponds, for an entire growth season, as an agroecological practice: maintaining primary producers for fish production and biodiversity conservation." Open Research Europe 3 (August 18, 2023): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16363.1.
Full textAbstract:
Agroecology largely focusses on terrestrial agroecosystems, but it can also be applied to fish farming. Indeed, ponds are typically used for fish production in Europe, but are also important reservoirs of biodiversity. Numerous studies demonstrate that both fish production and biodiversity are strongly determined by human management. One key practice in extensive fish farming, although more rare in Europe, is to dry out ponds. They are left dry for a complete year after several years of fish production. However, the extent to which this practice affects the functioning of the ecosystem, its biodiversity and fish production remain unclear. We investigated data from 85 fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, sampled between 2007 and 2014. We related variation in key abiotic characteristics to the time since last dry out. The dataset included organic matter content in pond sediments and concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column, and biotic components such as macrophytes cover and richness, phytoplankton concentration and richness, macroinvertebrates density, and fish yield. Our results show that drying out facilitates the mineralization of organic matter in sediments and results in higher concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the water column. Macrophytes cover is highest during the first year after drying out, and gradually declines after at the expense of increasing phytoplankton concentration. The diversity of both is highest in the first year after drying out and declines rapidly, especially for macrophytes. Fish yield is at its maximum in the second year. Drying out fish ponds appears to be an important agroecological practice in extensive fish farming with an application every three to four years. By nutrient recycling, this practice has a positive impact on the balance between primary producers and indirectly on the whole food web during two years. It optimizes fish production and allows biodiversity conservation.
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Agustian Fareza, Achmad, and Emenda Sembiring. "Occurence of Microplastics in Water, Sediment and Milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Citarum River Downstream (Case Study: Muara Gembong)." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014807005.
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Microplastics in aquatic environment can possibly enter into the aquatic organism, so this study aims to identify the microplastic concentrations in water, sediment, and milkfish. The samples are taken in downstream Citarum river at Muara Gembong. Water samples were taken using a manta trawl pulled by a boat while sediment and milkfish samples were taken using the grab sampling method. Organic removal and cleaning was conducted by using the Fenton Oxidation method which use Fe and H2O2. The average of microplastic concentrations in river water, seawater ponds, mixed water, and seawater consecutively are 0.0574 ± 0.025 particles/m3, 3.000 ± 2.645 particles/L, 0.666 ± 0.577 particles/L and 1.333 ± 1.155 particles/L. The average of microplastic concentrations in sediment sea water pond, sediment mixed water pond and sea sediment samples consecutively are 3.666 ± 0.577 particles/20g, 2.667 ± 1.527 particles/20g, 2.333 ± 0.577 particles/20g and 0.667 ± 1.154 particle/20g. The average of microplastic concentrations in the gut and gills of milkfish in sea ponds and mixed ponds consecutively are 2.333 ± 2.266 particles/fish and 2.222 ± 3.768 particles/fish. The average of microplastic concentrations in milkfish tissues in the sea and mixed water ponds are 1.333 ± 1.000 particles/fish and 1.111 ± 1.167 particles/fish.
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BHARDWAZ, KASHISH, T. K. GHOSH, S. ADHIKARI, et al. "CARBON BALANCES IN SELECTED AQUACULTURE PONDS OF GUMLA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND, INDIA." Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India 55, no. 3 (2024): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/jifsi.55.3.2023.148766.
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The present work of carbon balances in some aquaculture ponds in Gumla district, Jharkhand was conducted from July 2021 to November 2022 in three ponds with feeding and three ponds in non-feeding systems of fish culture. The pond sizes varied from 0.7 to 1.62ha, and the water depth of ponds varied from 1.5 to 1.8 m. The fish culture practices consisted with Labeo rohita (Rohu), Catla catla (Catla), and Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal). The average fish production was 3000kg ha-1 yr-1 in feeding ponds and 1520 kg ha-1 yr-1 in non-feeding ponds. The physicochemical parameters were optimal in these ponds. The inputs used in the culture systems were lime and pelleted feed in feeding ponds only. No inputs were added in the non-feeding ponds except stocking of fish seeds. The organic carbon ranged from 5 to 8 mg/ l in pond water and from 0.6 to 1.5 percent in soils in all the ponds. Carbon accumulation in the sediment increased during the culture period in three ponds, and slightly decreased in non-three ponds. The decrease accumulation mainly occurred in non-fed ponds and this carbon could be utilized for the production of plankton. In the present study, carbon accumulation was 91 to 105 % at the fish harvest time from the initial value of 95 to 98 %. In the present study, accumulation of organic carbon occurred within 1-2 % as no inputs as nutrients were added to the three ponds, and some inputs (pelleted feed, mustard oil cake, and wheat flour) were applied to the other three ponds. Thus, as these ponds under study showed almost no accumulation, and the small inputs as carbon added to the feeding ponds were also converted in the fish flesh, these six ponds for aquaculture practices could be considered as carbon neutral.
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Reza, Shaheed. "Sources of off-flavor in pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) ponds." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 10, no. 3 (2021): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2021.10.00315.
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With the intensification of aquaculture system, off-flavor in cultured pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) has become a problem in Bangladesh, resulting in poor acceptability and reduced market price. Since water quality parameters and sediment have greater implications on fish quality, studies were undertaken to identify potential off-flavor agents by investigating water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) pH, phytoplankton diversity and sediment organic carbon in 3 randomly selected ponds of 3upazilain Mymensingh district viz., Sadar, Trishal and Muktagachha. Water temperature and DO was found to be significantly different in ponds of Trishalupazila along with significantly high sediment organic carbon (p<0.05). Correspondingly, the Algal Genus Pollution Index (AGPI) estimated to study the water quality revealed that ponds in this upazila has the highest organic nutrient level (25.33±3.21). These values, along with strong positive correlation of cyanobacteria abundance and water temperature, sediment organic carbonindicate higher risk of off-flavor production in pond water. Adoption of proper management strategies need to taken immediately so that off-flavor producing organisms can be minimized. This will ensure higher acceptability of pangasius catfish produced in this region and safeguard livelihoods of the fish producers.
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Kukkonen, J. V. K., E. Punta, P. Koponen, et al. "Biomarker Responses by Crucian Carp (Carassius Carassius) Living in a Pond of Secondary Treated Pulp Mill Effluent." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (1999): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0703.
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Biochemical and histological biomarkers by the adult crucian carp (Carassius carassius (L.)) living in a biologically treated pulp mill effluent were studied. Enocell pulp mill in Uimaharju, Finland, discharges its effluents through a waste water pond to the River Pielisjoki. This pond harbours an introduced crucian carp population that apparently reproduces on site. The objective of the present study was to measure possible hormonal effects of treated pulp mill effluent on crucian carps living in a wastewater pond. Adult fish were collected for analysis by traps. A reference population was sampled from a small natural pond. Blood and bile samples were taken for analyses of hemoglobin, hematocrit, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), vitellogenin, organic chlorine compounds, resin acids and neutral wood-based compounds. In addition, a histological analysis of male gonads was made. The exposed fish had higher concentration of organic chlorine compounds, resin acids and β-sitosterol in bile compared to the reference fish. The same compounds could also be found in sediment of the wastewater pond. The exposed male fish had higher liver somatic index (LSI), lower gonad somatic index (GSI), lower haemoglobin and haemocrit, but higher T3 than in the reference fish. In addition, in an average, increased plasma testosterone concentration and decreased thyroxin (T4) levels were found in the exposed male fish. No vitellogenin production was found in the exposed male fish and some females showed decreased vitellogenin levels. The histological structure of the gonads in the exposed males was normal. The results suggest more anti-estrogenic than estrogenic effects of pulp mill effluents on the crucian carp.
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Kiyuka Nyaundi, Joseph, Albert Getabu, James Onchieku, et al. "Occurrence and distribution of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water and Sediments of Earthen Fish Ponds in South Western Kenya." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 2 (2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v19i2.5.
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Persistent organochlorine residues in the environment are a threat to ecological health of aquatic organisms and pose a health risk to both animals and human consumers. Organochlorine pesticides were determined in water and sediments collected during wet and dry season from selected riverine and earthen fish pond sites in high altitude catchment areas within Kuja River (Kenya) between August 2016–May, 2017. Analysis of DDT and metabolites, Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) isomers and cyclodienes using a gas chromatograph (GC), and electron capture detector (ECD), confirmed using GC - Mass Spectrometry (MS). Mean (± Standard error) results of DDTs, cyclodienes and HCHs in pond waters were:- below detection level (BDL) to 0.27±0.03µg/L, BDL to 0.11±0.00µg/L, and 4.39±1.01µg/L respectively; and BDL to 0.23±0.01µg/L, 1.20±0.005µg/L, and 1.71±0.02µg/L in river water respectively. Sediment mean OCPs contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher for Dieldrin (3.043±0.43µg/kg), Endrin (2.56±0.460µg/kg), Heptachlor (3.61±0.02µg/kg) DDT (2.97±1.32µg/kg), Endosulfan (6.31.27±1.051µg/kg), Methoxychlor (2.15±1.641µg/kg) and Lindane (2.96±1.32µg/kg), respectively. A longitudinal spatial distribution pattern was noted for both water and sediment OCPs contents, demonstrating that cyclodienes are predominant contaminants in point and non-point sources in water courses. The study recommends continuous monitoring of OCPs in upstream catchment areas for informed management and policy decisions on pesticide use.
 Keywords: Kuja-Migori River; Organic contaminants; Organochlorine Pesticide.
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Włodarczyk, Małgorzata, Hanna Siwek, Anna Buchwał, and Edyta Rafacz. "Changes in the concentration of selected metals in sediments of the River Chotla in northwest Poland in its section affected by various anthropogenic factors." Limnological Review 15, no. 2 (2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2015-0009.
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Abstract The purpose of the paper was to assess the changes in the concentration of selected metals in the bottom sediment and interstitial water of the River Chotla in northwest Poland. The research was conducted on the river section flowing through Zaspy Małe and a salmonid fish breeding farm. Samples of water and bottom sediment were taken in four control and measurement points, located above and below the village and on a backwater above the trouteries and below the fish breeding ponds. The pH and the concentration of the metals potassium, iron, calcium, manganese and zinc were determined in the water and sediment samples. The lowest concentrations of the metals were found in the samples collected above and below Zaspy Małe, while the highest concentrations of metals in the water and sediment were found in the samples taken in the backwater, above the fish breeding ponds. Exceptions were calcium and potassium, with the highest concentrations of metals in the water being found in the samples taken below the fish breeding ponds. The content of metals in sediments of the analysed section of the River Chotla was mainly determined by the content of organic matter, which varied as it is dependent on water accumulation processes and the operation of nearby fishery facilities. The slightly alkaline pH facilitated long-lasting accumulation of metals in sediments.
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Gál, Dénes, Pál Szabó, Ferenc Pekár, Éva Kerepeczki, and László Váradi. "Experiments on the Nutrient Removal and Retention of an Integrated Pond System." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 16 (December 6, 2005): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3283.
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A combined intensive-extensive fishpond system developed for the purification and re-use of intensive fishpond effluent water was studied during a three-year experimental period. The investigated pond system consists of five small-size intensive culture ponds of 1 ha total water surface area with 1.5 m water depth and a 20 ha extensive culture pond with 1.0 m average water depth. The water was recirculated between the intensive and extensive ponds with around 60 days retention time in the extensive treatment pond.Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and water purifying capacity were described and evaluated by means of regular measurements of nutrient concentrations in the water and sediment. During the three-year test period, 81.5% of organic carbon, 54.7% of nitrogen and 72.2% of phosphorus were retained by the system as a percentage of the total input of each nutrient. A significant amount of the total nitrogen input was removed by the harvested fish, which was much higher than in traditional fishponds or intensive fish culture systems. The efficiency of nutrient removal is clearly indicated by the 27.3% nitrogen assimilation.Only a small percentage of the total nutrient input was discharged into the environment during fish harvest, which was 9.0% for organic carbon, 13.2% for nitrogen and 12.1% for phosphorus. The combination of intensive and extensive fishponds with water recirculation resulted in significant reduction of nutrient discharge into the surrounding aquatic environment, primarily due to the high nutrient processing and retention capacity of the extensive fishpond ecosystem.
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Karmakar, Anu Rani, Md Akram Ullah, Md Monjurul Hasan, et al. "Sedimentary Nutrient Dynamics in Homestead Fishpond Systems from a Subtropical Coastal Area." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (2022): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122077.
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Homestead ponds are small seasonal ponds that are rarely utilized for fish farming. Culturing fish in these small ponds can boost household fish consumption and cash inflow. The availability of nutrients in the water and sediment, however, plays a significant role in the pond’s natural productivity. This study was conducted to assess nutrient contents and some key physical parameters in the bottom sediments of 30 homestead ponds from the central coast along the Northern Bay of Bengal. Analyses of results showed the average values (±SD) of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (°C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) were 17.8 ± 1.12 °C, 7.29 ± 0.11, 0.41 ± 0.09 mS/cm, 29,615.48 ± 10,528.9 mg kg−1, 11,958 ± 6107 mg kg−1, 1030.6 ± 252 mg kg−1, 17.1 ± 13.5 mg kg−1 and 32.6 ± 19.7 mg kg−1 during winter and 27.2 ± 1.81 °C, 6.73 ± 0.12, 0.38 ± 0.17 mS/cm, 19,100.01 ± 13,739.07 mg kg−1, 11,079 ± 7969 mg kg−1, 955 ± 229.4 mg kg−1, 26.6 ± 20.2 mg kg−1 and 23.4 ± 15.9 mg kg−1 during pre-monsoon, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences in the mean value of sediment quality parameters among the selected ponds (p > 0.05) except for phosphorus in the winter season (p < 0.05). The sediment quality variables were found to be in the suitable range for fish culture. Pearson’s correlation coefficient values (r) showed that only organic carbon and nitrogen had a strong significant correlation with organic matter (p < 0.05). Based on Cluster Analysis (CA), two major associations among the nutrients were attained at a 15% similarity level: C, OM, and N in one cluster and P and S in another. The findings showed that the parameters were within the preferable range for aquaculture, and the homestead ponds are average productive ponds.
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Syah, Rachman, Mat Fahrur, Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo, and Makmur Makmur. "PERFORMANSI INSTALASI PENGOLAH AIR LIMBAH TAMBAK SUPERINTENSIF." Media Akuakultur 12, no. 2 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.12.2.2017.95-103.
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Pengolahan air buangan tambak superintensif (TSI) adalah usaha untuk mengurangi beban bahan pencemar yang terkandung di dalam air buangan TSI sehingga aman dan tidak membahayakan saat dibuang ke lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi desain dan performansi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) dalam memperbaiki kualitas air buangan TSI sebelum dibuang ke badan air. IPAL terdiri atas kolam sedimentasi, dua kolam aerasi, dan satu kolam penampungan. Ke dalam kolam penampungan ditebari ikan mujair serta rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang dibudidayakan dengan metode long line, berfungsi sebagai biokontrol. Sampel air diambil di bagian inlet IPAL, oulet kolam sedimentasi atau inlet kolam aerasi-1, outlet kolam aerasi-1 atau inlet kolam aerasi-2, outlet kolam aerasi-2 atau inlet kolam penampungan, serta outlet kolam penampungan, setiap dua minggu selama 105 hari pemeliharaan. Parameter yang diukur adalah total padatan tersuspensi (TSS), total amonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, bahan organik terlarut (BOT), dan biological oxygen demand (BOD-5). Spesifikasi teknis IPAL yang diamati meliputi ukuran dan volume IPAL, volume dan waktu tinggal air buangan tambak, dan efisiensi kinerja IPAL, serta rasio volume IPAL dan volume total air tambak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IPAL dapat mengurangi beban bahan pencemar dengan tingkat efisiensi antara 53,1%-99,4%; namun masih diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas dalam mengurangi konsentrasi BOT. IPAL menghasilkan efisiensi yang tinggi terhadap TSS, TAN, nitrit, Total Nitrogen (TN), dan fosfat. Rasio volume IPAL dan volume air tambak 30:70 dengan waktu tinggal minimal lima hari, dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pembangunan IPAL tambak superintensif.A wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in a super-intensive shrimp farm is used to reduce organic matters contained in super-intensive shrimp farm effluent. Through the WTP, the waste water from shrimp facilities can safely and harmlessly be released to the receiving environments. The aims of this study were to evaluate the design and performance of a WTP in reconditioning waste water released from a super-intensive shrimp farm prior to release to water bodies. The WTP was made of a series of sedimentation pond, two aeration ponds, and one reservoir or equalitation pond. The tilapia fish and seaweed, Gracilaria sp., were stocked in the equalitation pond where the seaweed was cultured using long line method; these organisms were used as bio-control. Water samples were collected fortnightly during 105 days of culturing duration from the WTP inlet, outlet of sedimentation pond or at inlet of the first aeration pond; outlet of the first aeration pond or inlet of the second aeration pond, outlet of the second aeration pond or inlet of equalitation pond and the outlet of equalitation pond. The measured variables were total suspended solid (TSS), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, total organic matters (TOM), and five days biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The evaluated technical performances of the plant were its size and volume; volume and retention time of effluent, efficiency of WTP performance and volume ratios of the WTP and total volume of shrimp pond. The results of the study indicated that the WTP was able to reduce concentrations of nutrients and solids in effluent by 53.1%-99.4% of efficiency. However, its capacity need to be increased due to reducing concentrations of TOM. The WTP was highly efficient in reducing the concentrations of TSS, TAN, nitrite, total N, and phosphate. The volume ratios between the plant and pond waters were 30:70 with minimum retention time five which days could be proposed for wastewater treatment pond for super-intensive shrimp ponds.
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Bishop, Christine A., John Struger, David R. Barton, et al. "Contamination and Wildlife Communities in Stormwater Detention Ponds in Guelph and the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997 and 1998 Part I — Wildlife Communities." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 3 (2000): 399–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.026.
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Abstract There is veiy little information about the wildlife utilization of Stormwater detention ponds although such ponds often self-seed into wetland habitats. To inventory wildlife utilizing Stormwater ponds, a study was performed in 1997 and 1998 of 15 Stormwater ponds and one natural wetland varying in age from 3 to 22 years in the Guelph and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in Ontario, Canada. Seven of the Stormwater ponds were primarily open water with the aquatic vegetation accounting for less than 50% of the surface area. However, 90% of the surface area of four ponds was covered in aquatic vegetation. The surface area of those ponds covered with vegetation was positively correlated with total organic carbon and copper concentrations in sediment Invertebrate populations in the Stormwater ponds were often dominated by a single taxon. The most abundant benthic animals were tubificid worms or chironomidae. The number of taxa in sweep-net samples ranged from 4 to 25 and correlated positively with the age of the pond and total organic carbon in sediment The number of taxa in the benthos correlated negatively with oil and grease concentrations in sediment The range in number of amphibian species was one to seven in Guelph and zero to four in the GTA. In total, 40 species of birds were observed in the GTA ponds and 71 species were observed in the Guelph ponds during April to November 1997. A mean of 1.6 to 1.7 bird species was observed per survey at Stormwater ponds in Guelph and the GTA. The number of species of amphibians and birds did not correlate with water quality, sedimentology, contaminant concentration, percentage of surface area of the pond covered with plants, or any benthic community parameter measured. Four species of reptiles and eight species of mammals were noted at or adjacent to the Stormwater ponds and six species of fish were found in the ponds. We concluded that wildlife made use of the ponds, but species richness at almost all sites was low to moderate indicating that the ponds did not provide high quality habitat for wildlife
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SAEED, SAMIR M., and MOSTAFA A. EL-GAMMAL. "CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH POND BOTTOM SEDIMENT AS A FUNCTION OF ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 87, no. 3 (2009): 851–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2009.196823.
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Reza, M. Shaheed, AA Razu, SA Haque, MNA Khan, and M. Kamal. "Sources of off-flavor in high nutrient-load Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ponds in north-central Bangladesh." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 12, no. 1 (2023): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2023.12.00352.
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Recently, toxins and off-flavor compounds produced by phytoplankton in freshwater ponds have become a concern as it affects consumer acceptability and food safety. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and water-sediment physicochemical parameters in high-nutrient-load Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ponds from three sub-districts (upazila) in north-central Bangladesh. Water and sediment samples were collected from 9 randomly selected ponds of Sadar, Trishal, and Muktagachha upazila, and temperature, transparency, pH, phytoplankton concentration for water and pH, organic C and organic matter for sediment samples were determined. Water temperature and transparency were more or less similar across all the ponds, while pH varied significantly (p<0.05). Soil pH also varied significantly (p<0.05). The abundance of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Euglenophyceae in pond water was almost equal but Cyanophyceae differed among the ponds with the highest in Muktagachha (5.22±2.30×104 cells/L) and the lowest in Trishal (4.84±0.740×104 cells/L). Correspondingly, Algal Genus Pollution Index (AGPI) was employed to study the water quality of Nile tilapia ponds, and it revealed that ponds in Muktagaccha had ‘probable high organic pollution’ compared to ponds in the other two locations. Five cyanobacteria genera were identified viz., Anabaena, Aphanizominon, Gomphosphaeria, Mycrocystis and Osoillatoria where Anabaena showed a strong positive correlation with water temperature and pH. The significantly higher abundance of cyanobacteria in Muktagachha is possibly linked to the favorable water temperature and pH and indicates a higher risk of off-flavor creation in the Nile tilapia ponds from this upazila. It is, therefore suggested that the right management measures must be put in place to control the cyanobacteria to ensure the profitability of fish farming.
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Masum Beg, Mirza, Subha M. Roy, Arup Kar, C. K. Mukherjee, Suraj Kumar Bhagat, and Mohammad Tanveer. "Study on recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in organic fish production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1391, no. 1 (2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1391/1/012013.
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Abstract The growth of conventional aquaculture has created environmental issues due to excessive feeding, low dissolved oxygen level etc into the water body. Organic aquaculture is a recent development as a solution to these issues. It is a clean alternative to reduce pollution and to produce safer consumable food. In the past few decades, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were introduced to maintain pond water quality through lesser water exchange, by focusing on water reuse after treatment. In this study, the technical viability of RAS was analyzed for introduction in organic aquaculture systems. Indian major carps (IMCs) were cultured through conventional methods in the three tanks of conventional system, while the same species was grown organically in another three tanks in organic system. The stocking density and physical conditions were kept same for both cultured systems. The RAS consisted of fish culture tank with an average volume of each tank was 165 m3, a screen filter, foam fractionator and trickling filter. The various water quality parameters, i.e., solid size distribution in water, and removal efficiencies in biological treatment of both systems were compared. The present study, particle size distribution of solids in water body was measured by filtration, followed by weighing of dry residue solids. Pore sizes of 1000μ, 100μ, 20μ and 3μ were employed for filtration. For organic tanks, a majority of solids are of size between 1 mm and 100 μm. The larger sized particles (> 30 μm) constitute nearly 70 % of the solids and the trait differs from the generalized conclusions of that a major part of sediments will be of sizes less than 20 μm. For the conventional tanks, majority of solids are of size between 3 mm and 20 μm and TAN shows higher removal efficiencies for effluents from organic system rather than conventional system. The results showed that organic aquaculture causes lesser pollution load per weight of fish. The particle size distribution of organic water was better compatible to screening and sedimentation than conventional water. Also the filtration efficiencies in nitrifying trickling filters of both water bodies were comparable, with that of organic water slightly on the higher side. Thus recirculating water treatment systems are introduced in organic aquaculture.
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Rutegwa, Marcellin, Jan Potužák, Josef Hejzlar, and Bořek Drozd. "Carbon metabolism and nutrient balance in a hypereutrophic semi-intensive fishpond." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019043.
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Eutrophication and nutrient pollution is a serious problem in many fish aquaculture ponds, whose causes are often not well documented. The efficiency of using inputs for fish production in a hypereutrophic fishpond (Dehtář), was evaluated using organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances and measurement of ecosystem metabolism rates in 2015. Primary production and feeds were the main inputs of OC and contributed 82% and 13% to the total OC input, respectively. Feeds and manure were the major inputs of nutrients and contributed 73% and 86% of the total inputs of N and P, respectively. Ecosystem respiration, accumulation in water and accumulation in sediment were the main fates of OC, N and P, respectively. They accounted for 79%, 52% and 61% of OC, N and P inputs. The efficiency of using OC, N and P inputs to produce fish biomass was very low and represented 0.9%, 25% and 23% of total OC, N, and P inputs, indicating an excessive phytoplankton production and overdosing of fish feeds and manure. Dehtář pond was slightly autotrophic and phosphorus availability did not limit the phytoplankton growth. The low efficiency of using inputs was attributed to the low digestibility of raw cereals grain used as feed and the inability of planktonic food webs to transfer the primary production to fish due to high predatory pressure of fish stock on zooplankton. The primary production is an important input of OC in semi-intensive fishponds and should be considered in evaluations of fish production efficiency.
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Adhikari, Subhendu, Bharat Chandra Sahu, and Lambodar Dey. "Nutrients budget and effluents characteristics in polyculture of scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Indian major carps ponds using organic inputs." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 7 (2012): 1540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.341.
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Experiments were conducted for the study of nutrient budget in farmers' ponds (0.4–0.6 ha) in Orissa, India, at stocking densities of 0.30–0.38/m2 for scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and 0.60–0.70/m2 for Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala). The average initial body weights of scampi and the major carps were 0.02 and 8–10 g, respectively. The culture period was 272–292 days. Feed was the main input. The FCR (feed conversion ratio) varied from 1.78 to 1.83. Feed and cow dung were applied to these ponds as organic inputs. At harvest time, the average weight of scampi and carps varied from 73 to 92 g and from 718 to 820 g, respectively. Among all the inputs, feed alone accounted for 97.60% total nitrogen (N), 97.90% total phosphorus (P) and 94.72% total organic carbon (OC), respectively. The harvest of scampi and carps accounted for recovery of 52.45% N, 19.43% P and 18.12% OC, respectively. N, P and OC accumulated in sediment were 38.31, 71.40 and 69.50%, respectively. The median nutrient loads in the fish pond effluents were equivalent to 0.58 kg of inorganic N, 0.135 kg of P and 8.83 kg of total OC per ton of Indian major carps and scampi production.
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Sfriso, Adriano, Alessandro Buosi, Yari Tomio, et al. "Trends of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Sediments of the Lagoons of the Northern Adriatic Sea." Water 13, no. 20 (2021): 2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202914.
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The analysis of nutrient concentrations in surface sediments is a reliable tool for assessing the trophic status of a water body. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are strongly related to the sediment characteristics but are mainly driven by anthropogenic impacts. The results of the determination of total nitrogen and total inorganic and organic phosphorus in surface sediments of the lagoons and ponds of the northwestern Adriatic Sea (Marano-Grado, Venice, Po Delta, Comacchio Valleys, Pialassa della Baiona) show the merit of this approach. Indeed, when previous data are available, the ratio between the actual and background values can provide useful information on the trophic changes that have occurred in the most recent times, and the results can also explain the conditions present in less studied environments. In this context, numerous studies performed in the Venice lagoon since the second half of the 20th century during different environmental scenarios provide mean concentration ranges and propose the main causes of changes. The results of single datasets available for the other lagoons fall into scenarios that occurred in the Venice lagoon. At present, the most eutrophic basins are Pialassa della Baiona, the Po Delta lagoons and ponds and the Comacchio valleys due to industrial effluents, fish farming and clam harvesting, respectively, whereas the Venice lagoon is now experiencing environmental recovery.
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Bremer, Leah, Kim Falinski, Casey Ching, et al. "Biocultural Restoration of Traditional Agriculture: Cultural, Environmental, and Economic Outcomes of Lo‘i Kalo Restoration in He‘eia, O‘ahu." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124502.
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There are growing efforts around the world to restore biocultural systems that produce food while also providing additional cultural and ecological benefits. Yet, there are few examples of integrated assessments of these efforts, impeding understanding of how they can contribute to multi-level sustainability goals. In this study, we collaborated with a community-based non-profit in He‘eia, O‘ahu to evaluate future scenarios of traditional wetland and flooded field system agriculture (lo‘i kalo; taro fields) restoration in terms of locally-relevant cultural, ecological, and economic outcomes as well as broader State of Hawai‘i sustainability goals around food, energy, and water. Families participating in the biocultural restoration program described a suite of community and cultural benefits stemming from the process of restoration, including enhanced social connections, cultural (re)connections to place, and physical and mental well-being, which inspired their sustained participation. We also found benefits in terms of local food production that have the potential to provide economic returns and energy savings over time, particularly when carried out through a hybrid non-profit and family management model. These benefits were coupled with potential changes in sediment and nutrient retention with implications for water quality and the health of an important downstream fish pond (loko i‘a) and coral reef social-ecological system. Compared with the current land cover (primarily invasive grasses), results suggest that full restoration of lo‘i kalo would decrease sediment export by ~38%, but triple nitrogen export due to organic fertilizer additions. However, compared with an urban scenario, there were clear benefits of agricultural restoration in terms of reduced nitrogen and sediment runoff. In combination, our results demonstrate that a biocultural approach can support the social and financial sustainability of agricultural systems that provide multiple benefits valued by the local community and non-profit while also contributing to statewide sustainability goals.
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Lehnherr, Igor. "Methylmercury biogeochemistry: a review with special reference to Arctic aquatic ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 22, no. 3 (2014): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0059.
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There has been increasing concern about mercury (Hg) levels in marine and freshwater organisms in the Arctic, due to the importance of traditional country foods such as fish and marine mammals to the diet of Northern Peoples. Due to its toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food webs, methylmercury (MeHg) is the form of Hg that is of greatest concern. The main sources of MeHg to Arctic aquatic ecosystems, the processes responsible for MeHg formation and degradation in the environment, MeHg bioaccumulation in Arctic biota and the human health implications for Northern Peoples are reviewed here. In Arctic marine ecosystems, Hg(II) methylation in the water column, rather than bottom sediments, is the primary source of MeHg, although a more quantitative understanding of the role of dimethylmercury (DMHg) as a MeHg source is needed. Because MeHg production in marine waters is limited by the availability of Hg(II), predicted increases in Hg(II) concentrations in oceans are likely to result in higher MeHg concentrations and increased exposure to Hg in humans and wildlife. In Arctic freshwaters, MeHg concentrations are a function of two antagonistic processes, net Hg(II) methylation in bottom sediments of ponds and lakes and MeHg photodemethylation in the water column. Hg(II) methylation is controlled by microbial activity and Hg(II) bioavailability, which in turn depend on interacting environmental factors (temperature, redox conditions, organic carbon, and sulfate) that induce nonlinear responses in MeHg production. Methylmercury bioaccumulation–biomagnification in Arctic aquatic food webs is a function of the MeHg reservoir in abiotic compartments, as well as ecological considerations such as food-chain length, growth rates, life-history characteristics, feeding behavior, and trophic interactions. Methylmercury concentrations in Arctic biota have increased significantly since the onset of the industrial age, and in some populations of fish, seabirds, and marine mammals toxicological thresholds are being exceeded. Due to the complex connection between Hg exposure and human health in Northern Peoples—arising from the dual role of country foods as both a potential Hg source and a nutritious, affordable food source with many physical and social health benefits—-reductions in anthropogenic Hg emissions are seen as the only viable long-term solution.
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Zanella, L., C. Tessarin, R. Cattelan, G. Scordella, and E. Grimaldi. "Seasonal fluctuations of the organic load of sediments in two ponds of a brackish-water fish farm (“Valle”) located in the Po River Delta (Italian North Adriatic)." Ophelia 53, no. 2 (2000): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00785236.2000.10409437.
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Detjens, Stine, Sonja B. Grimm, Aslı Oflaz, et al. "We Came for the Lake—Late Pleistocene Landscape Reconstruction in Lieth Moor, District Pinneberg, Germany." Geosciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14020030.
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The Lieth Moor area, located in the district of Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, is a hotspot of Late Palaeolithic settlement activity. The exceptional abundance of archaeological sites is commonly attributed to the presence of a large palaeolake. However, in the Weichselian Late glacial, there were numerous large lakes in Schleswig-Holstein. Thus, a well-founded explanation for the find concentration in Lieth Moor is still lacking, and forming a research desideratum until today. To improve our understanding of this Late Pleistocene landscape and its appeal to hunter–gatherer groups of that time, we conducted a large-scale archaeogeophysical study focusing on a possible ford of the potential palaeolake. We employed Ground-Penetrating Radar and Electromagnetic Induction measurements, supplemented by existing legacy drill-probing data, to identify and map limnic gyttja (organic lake mud) sediments and their spatial distribution within the area. The findings of our study indicate that during the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, the Lieth Moor area comprised a cluster of small ponds rather than a continuous lake. These ponds likely interconnected during periods of increased water levels. The presence of dry islands within the region corresponds with archaeological evidence, suggesting that Late Palaeolithic communities visited some of these islands. The absence of the previously postulated palaeolake places the known findings within a completely new palaeoenvironmental context: instead of the previously suspected ford, we assume that the proximity to the Elbe Palaeovalley played a decisive role in the repeated habitation of Lieth Moor. This area, rich in fresh water and fish, along with the dune chain situated to the west, serving as both a vantage point and windbreak, presented an ideal location for awaiting animals migrating along the river Elbe and/or as a resting place within the settlement system of mobile hunter–fisher–gatherer groups.
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Dr., N. Venkatesh, and B. R. Kiran Dr. "ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENTS OF FISH CULTURE PONDS AT BHADRA FISH FARM, KARNATAKA." International Journal of Engineering Research and Modern Education 1, no. 2 (2016): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.61835.
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<em>In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the fish pond sediments at Bhadra fish seed farm, Karnataka from six ponds at monthly intervals for a period of six months from March to August 2007. The results of the analysis showed that heavy metals in the fish pond sediments are well within the Geo accumulation index standards except copper which is uncontaminated to moderate as per Geo accumulation index values.</em>
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Petrea, Ștefan-Mihai, Alina Mogodan, Isabelle Metaxa, Cătălin Platon, Mioara Costache, and Ira-Adeline Simionov. "THE TECHNOLOGICAL WATER NITROGEN COMPOUNDS DYNAMICS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PONDS, INLET AND OUTLET CHANNELS." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (2019): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2019132020.
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This study aims to identify proper solutions that can improve the sustainability of cyprinids pond aquaculture in terms of nitrogen releases to the environment. Therefore, two experimental variants, based on polyculture, respectively integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) concept were tested, as follows: PCP – polyculture of common carp (CC) + grass carp (GC) + bighead carp (BC) + silver carp (SC); CP-PP – net divided pond with CC monoculture in CP part and CC+GC+BC+SC polyculture in PP part. In order to determine the nitrogen accumulation at the pond level, samples of water, sediments, fish meat and reed were analyzed. The results indicate that the highest nitrogen compounds concentrations in pond water were registered at CP part of CP-PP pond. However, the nitrogen concentration in pond effluents was significant higher in case of CP-PP pond, compared with PCP pond. The nitrogen compounds concentration of sediments registered the highest values in the ponds outlet area. Also, CP-PP pond recorded higher nitrogen concentration in sediments, compared with PCP pond. The CC registered the highest nitrogen compounds concentration in case of PP pond area, followed by CP pond area and PCP pond. Not significant correlation was found between reed and pond water/ fish meat/ sediments in terms of nitrogen compounds concentration. It can be concluded that the CP-PP pond feeding management, together with the tested technical solution (pond dividing) generated better water conditioning performances.
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Hu, Zhiqiang, Caiyun Gu, Carmelo Maucieri, et al. "Crayfish–Fish Aquaculture Ponds Exert Reduced Climatic Impacts and Higher Economic Benefits than Traditional Wheat–Rice Paddy Cultivation." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (2022): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040515.
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In pursuit of higher economic profits, an increasing number of conventional rice paddies are being converted into aquaculture ponds in Southeast China. Due to the lack of field observations, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by this change are not clear. A parallel field experiment in Southeast China was performed to compare CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddies and rice-paddy-converted freshwater crayfish–fish aquaculture ponds that had previously been rice paddies. The annual fluxes of CH4 and N2O fluxes from inland crayfish–fish aquaculture averaged 0.36 mg m−2 h−1 and 45.55 μg m−2 h−1, which amounted to 31.50 kg CH4 ha−1 and 3.99 kg N2O ha−1, respectively. Compared with traditional rice paddies, such conversions significantly reduced the emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions by 46.4% and 67.5%, respectively, but greatly increased the net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB) by 485%. The fluxes of both CH4 and N2O fluxes from aquaculture ponds were positively correlated with water/sediment temperature and dissolved organic carbon in the sediment, but were negatively correlated with the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved in the water. In addition, the emissions of CH4 and N2O were closely associated with the chemical oxygen demand of water and the content of N in the sediment, respectively. The results of this study suggest that converting rice paddies to freshwater crayfish–fish aquaculture ponds could cause a reduction in the impacts on the climate and result in greater economic benefits. There is an urgent need worldwide for more field studies on the emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions from aquaculture ponds, including more types of fish species and management practices. These results will help researchers to comprehensively evaluate whether such conversions of agricultural land use are ecologically and economically feasible.
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LEUNG, CHEONG-KIT, YAO-WEN HUANG, and OSCAR C. PANCORBO. "Bacterial Pathogens and Indicators in Catfish and Pond Environments." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 6 (1992): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.6.424.
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Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed a diet containing 26 or 38% protein with restricted and satiety feeding methods were examined for microorganisms on the fish surface and viscera. Water, sediment, and fish samples from the ponds were tested for fecal streptococci, fecal coliforms, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while fish samples were also analyzed for presumptive Listeria spp. (count on m-VJ agar) and psychrotrophic bacteria. There were no significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in the fecal streptococci and fecal coliform counts for the water, sediment, and fish visceral samples. However, the aeromonad count for the visceral samples (4.20 log CFU/g wet weight) was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of the water and sediments (2.40 log CFU/ml and 3.78 log CFU/g wet weight, respectively). Similarly, the P. aeruginosa count for the fish visceral samples was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of the water and sediments. The mean presumptive Listeria spp. count for the fish visceral samples was 1.99 log CFU/g wet weight. Because of the higher bacterial concentrations in the fish viscera, it was concluded that cross-contamination of fish samples could occur during evisceration. Finally, the feed protein level and feeding method used in the ponds influenced the bacterial concentrations in selected sample types (i.e., water, sediment, fish surface rinse, or fish viscera).
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Vácha, R., J. Čechmánková, J. Skála, et al. "Use of dredged sediments on agricultural soils from viewpoint of potentially toxic substances." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 8 (2011): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/105/2011-pse.
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A set of 29 pond sediments samples was collected. The sediments were separated into three groups, field, village, and forest pond sediments. The sediment samples were taken from pond bottoms and sediment heaps. The sediment characteristics (pH, CEC, Al-exchangeable, C<sub>ox</sub>, humus substances), the content of potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants were analysed in the sediments and compared between sediment groups. The comparison of sediment contamination with Czech legislation for sediment use in agriculture was conducted. The village sediments were more loaded by potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants than the others. The pH value of sediments was considered as the properties regulating the retention of potentially toxic elements and their mobility (Al, Cd, Zn). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most problematic POPs group in the sediments. The correlation showed poor dependency of POPs (especially PAHs) content on the content and quality of sediment organic matter.
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Nepejchalová, L., Z. Svobodová, J. Kolářová, K. Frgalová, J. Valová, and D. Némethová. "Oxytetracycline Assay in Pond Sediment." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 3 (2008): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877030461.
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The fate of drug residues and their metabolites in the environment is relatively rarely investigated in the conditions of the Czech Republic, resulting in limited availability of scientific information. To demonstrate one example, we prepared a model study with medicated feedstuff containing oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC HCl), which was used in fish under normal conditions of use. The oxytetracycline (OTC) contents were determined in the sediments of the pond where the fish were treated. The ELISA method was used for OTC detection and the HPLC method was used for final quantification of OTC. The increasing contents of OTC in sediment depended on the repeated treatment and excretion of OTC by the fish. The concentration on day 59 after the last administration was 1516 μg kg-1 OTC in the sediment, which indicates a long-term persistence of the substance in the environment.
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Jimenez-Montealegre, Ricardo, Marc C. J. Verdegem, Anne A. van Dam, and Johan A. Verreth. "Effect of organic nitrogen and carbon mineralization on sediment organic matter accumulation in fish ponds." Aquaculture Research 36, no. 10 (2005): 1001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01307.x.
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Zhang, Keke, Xiafei Zheng, Zhili He, et al. "Fish growth enhances microbial sulfur cycling in aquaculture pond sediments." Microbial Biotechnology 13, no. 5 (2020): 1597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13622.
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Meijer, Leon E., and Yoram Avnimelech. "On the use of micro-electrodes in fish pond sediments." Aquacultural Engineering 21, no. 2 (1999): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(99)00024-2.
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Gilbert, Peter J., Scott Taylor, David A. Cooke, Michael E. Deary, and Michael J. Jeffries. "Quantifying organic carbon storage in temperate pond sediments." Journal of Environmental Management 280 (February 2021): 111698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111698.
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M.M. Mu’azu, M. Bashir, Y. Sani, M. Kasim, and R.Y. Atiribom. "Characterization and heavy metals concentration of sediments from catfish ponds in Monai Cluster Fish Farm, Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 20, no. 2 (2025): 165–76. https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v20i2.15.
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Fishpond sediments play a crucial role in aquaculture systems because they act as both sinks and sources for various nutrients and potential contaminants. In Nigeria's growing aquaculture sector, particularly in cluster fish farms, an understanding the characteristics of pond sediments characteristics particularly sediment quality is essential for sustainable management and environmental protection. This study focused on the Monai cluster fish farm, located in the Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, where intensive catfish farming is practiced. The study aimed to characterize bottom sediments and determine the heavy metals concentration from catfish (Clarias gariepinus and Clarias hybrid) ponds in Monai Cluster Fish Farm. Sediment samples were collected from 90 grow-out catfish ponds across different seasons. Samples were analyzed for pH, nutrients (total nitrogen and phosphorus) and heavy metals following standard procedures. The study established seasonal patterns by comparing wet season (August and September) and dry season measurements. Results showed slightly acidic pH values (6.5-6.8), with phosphorus (orthophosphate) recording the highest nutrient concentration (2.2±6.1mg/l to 59.2±7.9mg/l). Wet season samples exhibited significantly higher concentrations of both total nitrogen and phosphorus, attributed to increased agricultural runoff and pond management practices. Heavy metal concentrations remained within EPA and WHO acceptable limits, indicating minimal contamination. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference (p˃0.05) in physicochemical parameters across the cluster farm, likely due to the series connection of pond outlets and other water management and cultural practices. The findings highlight the need for implementing environmentally sustainable methods for sediment management and nutrient recycling within the fish farming value chain, particularly in cluster farm settings.
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Rownay, A. C., R. L. Droste, and C. R. MacRae. "Sediment and Ecosystem Characteristics of a Detention Lake Receiving Urban Runoff." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 4 (1986): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.040.
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Abstract There is limited availability of data on long term impact of urban runoff on detention ponds used for pollutant removal or flood control. A small lake exclusively receiving urban runoff from a catchment that has been stable for over 20 years has been studied. A varied local ecosystem with regionally significant bird and other species has developed in the area. Fish sensitive to turbidity have survived in the lake. Core sediment samples were taken for analyses. The organic content and consolidation of deposited material have been characterized. Sediment is characteristic of actively decomposing material. Lead, copper and zinc were found in concentrations that were twice as high in recently deposited material compared to the native sediment, however, cadmium concentrations were not found to vary between layers.
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Pustova, N., Z. Pustova, and D. Balickiy. "GROWING OF ORGANIC FISH IS IN NATURAL POND." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 24, no. 1 (2023): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2023-24-1.20.
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The ponds of natural zones is economic activity on the most variety’s in limit, a sent to maximal of ecosystem maintenance – adherent territory to the pond and variety of flora and fauna. To organization of organic fish-farms on the ponds is natural zones creates the swift reduction to the prime price of fish is for a sale and improvement of basic fish economic indexes.
 
 Researches our methodology is envisaged the study of features are growing and productivity of fish in three types: Сarpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys in the conditions of natural pond at the organic growing of fish-farming.
 Feeding of the Сarpio in a natural pond at the organic growing of fish-farming was begun, when the temperature of water attained +10˚С. For the gradual getting is a fish used to the feed, in places laid into forage out is feed small portions for 2-3 kg. The feeding was distributed once for twenty-four hours of morning oh a 6-7 o'clock, that fish of him used to 12 hour, and in the second half of day she consumed natural forage. The important index of working out of fish is a rate of height, most intensive grew and the greatest average daily increases marked for fishes in the summer months of from 4 to 15 g on a head for twenty-four hours. At the beginning of growing of the Сarpio is consumption of forage on a head for twenty-four hours, were within the limits of a 4-5 g, and maximal a 7 g, showed up in August, when increase under yearling is mainly arrived at due to feeding of forage.
 The economic indicators of growing of fishes testify at the terms of natural pond and of organic fish-farms, about the greatest profitability is the Hypophthalmichthys – the 61 percent, in a subzero the Сarpio – 42 percent and on three types of fishes – 52,67 percent. Complex intensification of growing of fish is the scientifically reasonable system of economies of resources and money, is the mortgage of efficient of the economy of organic fish-farms.
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Giraldo, E., and A. Garzón. "Compartmental model for organic matter digestion in facultative ponds." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 1 (2002): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0004.
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A model has been developed for the digestion of organic matter in facultative ponds in tropical regions. Complete mixing has been assumed for the aerobic and anaerobic compartments. Settling, aerobic layer oxidation, and anaerobic layer methanogenesis are the main processes for organic matter removal in the water column. Exchange processes between layers are dispersive or soluble exchange, solubilization and transport of organic matter from sediments to water column are also taken into account. Degradation of organic matter in the sediments produces gaseous emissions to the water column. The exchange between bubbles ascending and the water column was measured. The model was calibrated with data obtained from a pilot facultative pond built in Muña Reservoir in Bogotá. The pond was sampled during 4 months to compare data between its water hyacinth covered section and uncovered section. The results clearly show the relative importance of different BOD removal processes in facultative ponds and suggest modifications to further improve performance. The results from the model suggest that internal loadings to facultative ponds due to solubilization and return of organic matter from the sediments to the aerobic layer greatly influence the soluble BOD effluent concentration. Aerobic degradation activity in the facultative pond does not affect significantly the effluent concentration. Anaerobic degradation activity in the facultative pond can more easily achieve increases in the removal efficiencies of BOD.
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Rukminasari, Nita, Nadiarti Nurdin, Khusnul Yaqin, Moh Tauhid Umar, Irmawati Irmawati, and Dewi Yanuarita. "PENGENALAN PENGGUNAAN BIOFILTER SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGATASI PENCEMARAN BAHAN ORGANIK DI PERAIRAN TAMBAK DI KELURAHAN LAKKANG, KOTA MAKASSAR." Panrita Abdi - Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/pa.v4i1.6726.
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Introducing Biofilter as a Technique for Solving a Problem of Organic Pollutan at Brachiswater Pond at Lakkang Village, MakassarAbstract: Fish/shrimp culture at pond is one of income source for coastal community. Water sources for brackhiswater pond come from river and estuary. The quality of water source for this pond depend on the quality of river and estuary. On the other side, people use river to through it their waste not only domestic waste but also industrial waste along the river, consequently the pollutant in the river is high. Brackishwater pond along Tallo river has a source of water from River and Tallo Estuary. A high organic concentration in the Tallo River has a significantly effect to the production of shrimp/fish pond. A low water quality due to high organic matter could decrease the production of pond and farmers could not be able to grow out fish/shrimp for all year due to in particular month was occurred an increasing significantly of organic pollutant in the river. Introducing biofilter method to farmers for increasing pond water quality and reducing organic waste in the pond is very important, so farmer could apply this simple biofilter technique for solving a problem of a high organic matter in their pond. Applying biofilter techinique could be expected increasing water quality in the pond, consequently it could increase shrimp/pond production of farmers.Keywords: Biofilter, organic pollutant, Shrimp/fish pond, Tallo River and Lakkang Village.Abstrak: Budidaya ikan/udang di tambak merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan masyarakat pesisir. Sumber air di tambak biasanya berasal dari sungai dan muara sungai. Kualitas sumber air di tambak sangat tergantung kepada kualitas air sungai dan muara. Di sisi lain, sungai merupakan tempat pembuangan limbah baik limbah domestic maupun limbah industry yang ada di sepanjang sungai sehingga kandungan limbah baik limbah organic maupun non organic cenderung sangat tinggi di perairan sungai. Pertambakan di sepanjang muara sungai Tallo, Kelurahan Lakkang sumber airnya berasal dari Sungai dan Muara Sungai Tallo. Tingginya kandungan bahan organic di perairan Sungai Tallo sangat mempengaruhi produksi tambak masyarakat. Kondisi kualitas perairan yang rendah karena tingginya kandungan bahan organic menyebabkan semakin turunnya produksi tambak dan masyarakat tidak dapat membudidayakan ikan dan udangnya sepanjang tahun karena pada waktu-waktu tertentu terjadi peningkatan limbah bahan organic yang signifikan. Pengenalan metode biofilter untuk meningkatkan kualitas perairan tambak dan mengurangi limbah organic di tambak sangat penting untuk dilakukan sehingga masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan teknologi sederhana biofilter untuk mengatasi masalah tingginya konsentrasi bahan organik di tambak. Dengan penerapan teknologi biofilter ini diharapkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas air tambak yang akan meningkatkan produksi budidaya udang/ikan.Kata kunci: Biofilter, pencemaran, bahan organic dan Kelurahan Lakkang.
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Ha, Le Thai. "DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC CONTENT IN WASTEWATER-FED FISH POND IN HOANG MAI DISTRICT, HANOI, VIETNAM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (2018): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11948.
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Aquaculture in pond fed with wastewater has been practiced since the 1960s in Hoang Mai and Thanh Tri districts in Hanoi, Vietnam. Wastewater after directly discharged in to Kim Nguu and To Lich river is currently used for cultivation of vegetables and fishes. According to the previous studies, the content of some heavy metals in water and sediments from Kim Nguu and To Lich river exceeded the Vietnamese standard values. In this study, arsenic concentration in water, sediment, fish and plant collected from a wastewater fed-fish pond in Hoang Mai district, Ha Noi, Vietnam were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF/AAS). Arsenic concentration in water collected from inlet and outlet sites of the pond were of 45.86 and 23.22 μg/L, respectively and those levels were higher than the Vietnamese standard. About 14% of arsenic entered the fish pond was in the suspended particulate mater (SPM) form. Arsenic concentration in the sediment ranged from 12.26 to 23.87 mg/kg (dry weight). The highest levels of arsenic found in the sediment near the pond outlet were probably caused by the movement of the sediment and heavy metals with the water flow. Based on the Vietnamese standards for agriculture soils, the studied pond sediment is not safe for crop application. Arsenic contents of 0.20 and 0.06 mg/kg (dry weight) were found in tissues of common carp and tilapia. The lower As contents in the outlet water in comparison to the inlet water showed that part of As was removed in the fish pond by different processes including the sedimentation and bio-adsorption. The As contents in the coarse stems/leaves of the water spinach samples were about 2.6 times higher than those in the shoot tips/younger leaves. As the findings, the water spinach and fish in this wastewater –fed fish pond were considered safe for human consumption with respect to arsenic content and Vietnamese standard.
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SULTANA, AFRIN, MD NAZRUL ISLAM, MD FARHAN TAZIM, MD BADIUL ALAM SHUFOL, MD NAIM UDDIN, and FARAH TASNOVA NATASHA. "Bacteriological study of bottom soil of three extensive fish farm ponds." Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 33, no. 1 (2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2021.33.09.
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The study was conducted for bacteriological assessment of pond bottom soil (sediment) from three selected fish ponds of Bangladesh Agricultural University. Samples were collected both in winter and summer seasons to see the seasonal variations of some bacterial genera. Physicochemical parameters of the pond water and sediment were also estimated monthly. Sediment samples were collected from the shore and middle zone of the ponds. All sediment samples were acidic. The total viable count of bacteria in pond sediment ranged from (8.5×106) to (4.9×109) cfu/g and bacterial count were higher in summer than in winter. A total of 16 bacterial genera were identified from the sediments. The predominant microflora consisted of Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, Escherichia, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Moraxella while the first five listed the greatest abundance. Aeromonas was the most dominant organism. Bacterial diversification was found higher in summer than in winter.
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Zhang, Zhimin, Qinghui Deng, Lingling Wan, Xiuyun Cao, Yiyong Zhou, and Chunlei Song. "Bacterial Communities and Enzymatic Activities in Sediments of Long-Term Fish and Crab Aquaculture Ponds." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030501.
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Aquaculture is among the most important and fastest growing agriculture sectors worldwide; however, it generates environmental impacts by introducing nutrient accumulations in ponds, which are possibly different and further result in complex biological processes in the sediments based on diverse farming practices. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term farming practices of representative aquatic animals dominated by grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) or Chinese mitten crab (CMC, Eriocheir sinensis) on the bacterial community and enzyme activity of sediments from more than 15 years of aquaculture ponds, and the differences associated with sediment properties were explored in the two farming practices. Compared to CMC ponds, GC ponds had lower contents of TC, TN, and TP in sediments, and similar trends for sediment pH and moisture content. Sediment bacterial communities were significantly different between GC and CMC ponds, with higher bacterial richness and diversity in GC ponds. The bacterial communities among the pond sediments were closely associated with sediment pH, TC, and TN. Additionally, the results showed profoundly lower activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the sediments of GC ponds than CMC ponds. Pearson’s correlation analysis further revealed strong positive correlations between the hydrolytic enzyme activities and nutrient concentrations among the aquaculture ponds, indicating microbial enzyme regulation response to sediment nutrient dynamics. Our study herein reveals that farming practices of fish and crab differently affect bacterial communities and enzymatic activities in pond sediments, suggesting nutrient-driven sediment biological processes in aquaculture ponds for different farming practices.