Dissertations / Theses: 'Organic flexible electronics'

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Sankir, Nurdan Demirci. "Flexible Electronics: Materials and Device Fabrication." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30207.

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This dissertation will outline solution processable materials and fabrication techniques to manufacture flexible electronic devices from them. Conductive ink formulations and inkjet printing of gold and silver on plastic substrates were examined. Line patterning and mask printing methods were also investigated as a means of selective metal deposition on various flexible substrate materials. These solution-based manufacturing methods provided deposition of silver, gold and copper with a controlled spatial resolution and a very high electrical conductivity. All of these procedures not only reduce fabrication cost but also eliminate the time-consuming production steps to make basic electronic circuit components. Solution processable semiconductor materials and their composite films were also studied in this research. Electrically conductive, ductile, thermally and mechanically stable composite films of polyaniline and sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) were introduced. A simple chemical route was followed to prepare composite films. The electrical conductivity of the films was controlled by changing the weight percent of conductive filler. Temperature dependent DC conductivity studies showed that the Mott three dimensional hopping mechanism can be used to explain the conduction mechanism in composite films. A molecular interaction between polyaniline and sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) has been proven by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Inkjet printing and line patterning methods also have been used to fabricate polymer resistors and field effect transistors on flexible substrates from poly-3-4-ethyleneoxythiophene/poly-4-sytrensulfonate. Ethylene glycol treatment enhanced the conductivity of line patterned and inkjet printed polymer thin films about 900 and 350 times, respectively. Polymer field effect transistors showed the characteristics of traditional p-type transistors. Inkjet printing technology provided the transfer of semiconductor polymer on to flexible substrates including paper, with high resolution in just seconds.
Ph. D.

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Najafabadi, Ehsan. "Stacked inverted top-emitting white organic light-emitting diodes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52990.

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The majority of research on Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) has focused on a top-cathode, conventional bottom-emitting architecture. Yet bottom-cathode, inverted top-emitting OLEDs offer some advantages from an applications point of view. In this thesis, the development of high performance green electroluminescent inverted top-emitting diodes is first presented. The challenges in producing an inverted structure are discussed and the advantages of high efficiency inverted top-emitting OLEDs are provided. Next, the transition to a stacked architecture with separate orange and blue emitting layers is demonstrated, allowing for white emission. The pros and cons of the existing device structure is described, with an eye to future developments and proposed follow-up research.

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Jönsson, Stina Karin Maria. "Towards flexible organic electronics : photoelectron spectroscopy of surfaces and interfaces /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/tek895s.pdf.

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Gaj, Michael Peter. "High-performance organic light-emitting diodes for flexible and wearable electronics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55011.

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Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors have been the focus of increasing research over the past two decades. While many of the potential organic electronic concepts (solar cells, transistors, detectors etc.) are still in their infancy stage, organic light-emitting diodes have gained commercial acceptance for their potential in high resolution displays and solid-state lighting. However, in order for these devices to reach their full potential significant advances need to make to address their fundamental limitations, specifically: device life-time, thin-film encapsulation and scalability to a high volume manufacturing setting. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates new strategies to design and manufacture high-performance OLEDs for next generation electronics. In the first part, high-performance OLEDS using a simple three-layer organic semiconductor device structure are demonstrated. These devices utilize two novel materials (Poly-TriCZ and mCPSOB) to achieve efficient charge balance and exciton confinement in the emissive region of the device. Moreover, the electrical properties of these materials allow them to serve as a suitable ‘universal’ material combination to yield high-performance OLEDs with high-energy phosphors (i.e. blue- or deep-blue-emitting dopants). To demonstrate this feature, green- and blue-emitting OLED results are provided that define the state-of-the-art for phosphorescent OLEDs. These results are then extended to show high-performance with a new set of high-efficiency blue- and green-emitting dopants based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which also proceed to define the state-of-the-art in electroluminescence from TADF. The second part of this thesis continues this work and extends the results to a new class of polymeric substrates, called shape memory polymers (SMPs). SMPs provide a new alternative to flexible, polymeric substrates due to their unique mechanical properties. When an external stimuli is applied to these materials (heat), they have the ability to form a temporary phase that has a Young’s modulus orders of magnitude lower than its original state. The material can then be re- shaped, deformed or conform to any object until the stimuli is removed, at which point the Young’s modulus returns to its original state and the temporary geometric configuration is retained. Re-applying the stimulus will trigger a response in its molecular network, which induces a recovery of its original shape. By using mCPSOB in an inverted top-emitting OLED architecture, high performance green-emitting OLEDs are demonstrated on SMP substrates that define the state-of-the-art in performance for deformable light-emitting devices. The combination of the unique properties of SMP substrates with the light-emitting properties of OLEDs pave to the way for new class of applications, including conformable smart skin devices, minimally invasive biomedical devices, and flexible lighting/display technologies.

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Knauer, Keith Anthony. "High-performance single-unit and stacked inverted top-emitting electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53480.

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This thesis reports on the design, fabrication, and testing of state-of-the-art, high-performance inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The vast majority of research reports focuses on a device architecture referred to as a conventional OLED which has its anode on the bottom of the device and its cathode on the top. Moreover, most conventional OLEDs are bottom-emitting such that light exits the structure through both a semitransparent bottom electrode of indium-tin oxide and a glass substrate. The particular device architecture developed in this thesis is one in which the devices are inverted (i.e. their cathode is on the bottom as opposed to on top) and top-emitting. Despite the advantages that inverted top-emitting OLEDs possess over conventional bottom-emitting OLEDs, their development has been relatively slow. This is because inverted OLEDs have traditionally been hampered by the difficulty of injecting electrons effectively into the device. In this work, a novel method of injecting electrons from bottom cathodes into inverted OLEDs is discovered. In several previous reports, bottom Al/LiF cathodes had been used with the electron-transport material Alq3 to produce inverted OLEDs, but the resulting inverted OLEDs exhibited inferior performance to conventional OLEDs with top cathodes of Al/LiF. A new route for the development of highly efficient inverted OLEDs is shown through the use of electron-transport materials with high electron mobility values and large electron affinities. After systematic device optimization, inverted top-emitting OLEDs are demonstrated that currently define the state-of-the-art in terms of device efficiency. Optimized green and blue inverted top-emitting OLEDs are demonstrated that have a current efficacies of 92.5 cd/A and 32.0 cd/A, respectively, at luminance values exceeding 1,000 cd/m2. Finally, this discovery has enabled the development of the first stacked inverted top-emitting OLEDs ever made, combining all of the advantages offered by an inverted architecture, a top-emissive design, and a stacked structure. These OLEDs have a current efficacy of 200 cd/A at a luminance of 1011 cd/m2, attaining a maximum current efficacy of 205 cd/A at luminance of 103 cd/m2.

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Hamer, Bastiaan. "Performance evaluation and development of contact solutions for flexible organic solar cells." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19742.

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In today’s society many non-renewable and environmentally harming energy sources are used to facilitate people’s everyday energy demands. This causes ecosystems to break down, global temperatures to rise, pollution and many more critical long lasting problems. By replacing non-renewable energy sources and taking advantage of the 100% renewable energy source, light, these problems will diminish. This project has been in collaboration with a company called Epishine who develop indoor organic solar cell devices to be able to replace conventual battery driven electrical devices with solar power harvested from indoor light. Since there is no good existing contacting solution, for Epishine to be able to enter the market, a contact solution between their solar cell device and the electrical devices it will power has to be developed. This thesis focuses on developing, designing, testing and evaluating the performance of new contact solutions for encapsulated flexible organic printed solar cells with the feasibility, viability, scalability and durability in focus. This project was conducted by first performing a literature study, thereafter, establishing a baseline for future referencing of new contact solutions and the main part, developing new concepts and evaluating them. By using the design thinking method, an iterative process could take place, allowing for a constant flow of new ideas whilst testing concepts throughout the project. The baseline tests were successful and the hypothesis of organic materials degrading over time was confirmed. From the many sub-concepts and production methods for a new contacting solution, two concepts showed promising results and were merged into one main concept. Two devices were created with the new concept, one functional device and one showing the design. To conclude, the thesis resulted in a functional solar cell device with a new contact solution which shows great potential and a new production method which enables all organic printed electronics to be design and developed in a more compact and component dense design. This production method is beneficial to not only Epishine, but everywhere where printed electronics are used and need to be optimized due to restrictions such as space and weight.
I dagens samhälle används många icke-förnybara energikällor för att underlätta människans vardagliga behov men skadar samtidigt miljön. Detta leder till att hela ekosystem fallerar, den globala temperaturen stiger, giftiga ämnen släpps fria och flera kritiska, långvariga problem skapas. Genom att byta ut icke-förnybara energikällor och istället dra nytta av den 100 % förnybara energikällan, ljus, kommer dessa ovanstående problem att minska. Detta projekt har varit i samarbete med ett företag vid namn Epishine som utvecklar organiska solcellsenheter för inomhusbruk, för att kunna ersätta konventionella batteridrivna elektriska apparater med solenergi tillvaratagen av inomhusbelysning. I dagsläget finns det ingen bra kontaktlösning mellan solcellsenheten och den apparat den ska driva, vilket är ett av Epishines större problem i nuläget, som hindrar dem från att kunna slå igenom på marknaden. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla, designa, testa och utvärdera prestandan av nya kontaktlösningar för inkapslade flexibla organiska solceller. Projektet började med en litteraturstudie, därefter etablerades en ”baseline” för att kunna jämföra de nya kontaktlösningarna. Största delen av rapporten handlar om att utveckla och testa nya kontaktlösningar för att sedan utvärdera dem. Genom att använda ”Design thinking” processen, kunde en iterativ process äga rum, vilket möjliggjorde ett konstant flöde med nya idéer som genererades samtidigt som koncept och prototyper utvecklades och utvärderades. Resultaten av ”baseline”-testerna var framgångsrika och hypotesen om att de konduktiva egenskaperna av organiska material försämras med tiden bekräftades. Från alla delkoncept och potentiella produktionsmetoderna för en ny kontaktlösning visade två koncept lovande resultat och slogs därför samman till ett huvudkoncept. Två olika solcellsenheter skapades med den nya kontaktlösningen implementerad. En funktionell enhet skapades och en enhet som visar layouten och designen. Sammanfattningsvis resulterade avhandlingen i en funktionell solcellsenhet med en ny kontaktlösning som visar stor potential samt en ny produktionsmetod som gör att all organisk tryckt elektronik kan designas och tillverkas i en mer kompakt och komponenttät design. Denna produktionsmetod är en fördel inte bara för Epishine utan också överallt där tryckt elektronik används och behöver optimeras i form av utrymme och vikt.

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Travaglini, Lorenzo. "In-situ detection of defect formation in organic flexible electronics by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10380/.

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Organic semiconductor technology has attracted considerable research interest in view of its great promise for large area, lightweight, and flexible electronics applications. Owing to their advantages in processing and unique physical properties, organic semiconductors can bring exciting new opportunities for broad-impact applications requiring large area coverage, mechanical flexibility, low-temperature processing, and low cost. In order to achieve highly flexible device architecture it is crucial to understand on a microscopic scale how mechanical deformation affects the electrical performance of organic thin film devices. Towards this aim, I established in this thesis the experimental technique of Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) as a tool to investigate the morphology and the surface potential of organic semiconducting thin films under mechanical strain. KPFM has been employed to investigate the strain response of two different Organic Thin Film Transistor with active layer made by 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS-Pentacene), and Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). The results show that this technique allows to investigate on a microscopic scale failure of flexible TFT with this kind of materials during bending. I find that the abrupt reduction of TIPS-pentacene device performance at critical bending radii is related to the formation of nano-cracks in the microcrystal morphology, easily identified due to the abrupt variation in surface potential caused by local increase in resistance. Numerical simulation of the bending mechanics of the transistor structure further identifies the mechanical strain exerted on the TIPS-pentacene micro-crystals as the fundamental origin of fracture. Instead for P3HT based transistors no significant reduction in electrical performance is observed during bending. This finding is attributed to the amorphous nature of the polymer giving rise to an elastic response without the occurrence of crack formation.

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Purandare, Sumit. "Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes on Cellulose." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396532894.

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Tobin, Vincent. "Roll-to-roll deposition of highly flexible organic-inorganic barrier layers for printed electronics and photovoltaics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d6ea9bcb-171d-4fc6-95e4-51d0e8d4351a.

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This thesis investigates how to improve transparent flexible water vapour barriers by understanding how water permeates through them. The barriers consisted of a reactively sputtered aluminium oxide coating on an industrial-grade polypropylene substrate. Some also incorporated a di-acrylate smoothing layer. Key deposition conditions were studied and optimised for permeation and visible-light transparency: sputtering power, thickness & sequential deposition rate. One of the main deposition conditions corresponded to increasing coating nitrogen content in order to induce barrier-water interaction. The final investigation consisted of including acrylate layers in different barrier stacking combinations. It was found that thin, high sputter power coatings formed the best barriers to permeation. This was due to denser packing of the oxide and the inclusion of fewer macro-defects (large defects allowing unhindered permeation) and nano-defects (defects small enough to cause the permeant to interact with the coating). No clear benefit to permeation was found from the inclusion of nitrogen, but refractive index was seen to increase and the oxynitride coatings mechanically failed at a greater force than the oxides. This case illustrated the importance of considering the role of permeation through nano-defects: although a high activation energy was achieved for the nitrogen containing films, possibly suggesting greater interaction between the water vapour and the barrier, the amount of permeation was not reduced as the nitrogen gave rise to increased permeation due to nano-defects, thus changing the processing and chemistry can affect both the macro-defect and nano-defect permeation. Smoothing layers were found to reduce the permeation rate by covering large substrate features, thus allowing rough substrates to be used even for high barriers. Although a coating of acrylate on top of a barrier oxide showed no improvement, a 1-2-1-2 stack of smoothing layer (1) and oxide (2) was found to exhibit a large delay in the onset of permeation.

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Ding, Ziqian. "Large area vacuum fabrication of organic thin-film transistors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7decca4-14e3-47e7-85ca-0bb14755f282.

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A process has been developed to make the dielectric layer for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) in a roll-to-roll vacuum web coater environment. This dielectric layer combined with an organic semiconductor layer and metal layer deposited in vacuum allows a solvent-free process to make organic/inorganic multilayer structures for thin-film electronic devices on a flexible substrate at, potentially, high speed. The polymeric gate dielectric layers were fabricated by flash evaporation of acrylic monomers onto a polymer film with pre-patterned metal gates followed by radiation curing by electron beam, ultra-violent light (UV) or plasma. With a non-polar dielectric surface, charge carrier mobility (μ) of 1 cm²-V^-1s^-1; on/off curren ratio of 10⁸, sub-threshold swing (SS) of 0.3 V/decade and saturated output curve were routinely achieved in dinaphtho-[2,3-b:2'3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) transistors with dielectric layer of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) of ~400 nm. Apart from the TPGDA, monomer formulas including 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) as well as several commercial acrylic resins have been used to make the dielectric layer. The highest areal capacitance of 41nF-cm^-2 was achieved with a pin-hole free film of less than 100 nm made of an acrylate mixture resin. A non-polar dielectric surface treatment layer has been developed based on flash evaporation of lauryl acrylate and HDDA mixture. The transistors with the buffer layer showed constant performance and a mobility fivefold greater than those of untreated samples. The effect of humidity, oxygen, and light during switching cycles of both pentacene and DNTT transistors were studied. Water and oxygen/illumination had a distinct effect on both pentacene and DNTT transistors. Oxygen leads to acceptor-like charge traps under illumination, which shifted the turn-on voltage (V_to) to more positive values. In contrast, water in transistors gave rise to donor-like charge traps, which shifted the V_to and the threshold voltage (V_T) more negatively. The DNTT devices showed good stability in dry air without encapsulation, while pentacene transistors degraded with either repeating measurement or long term storage. A DNTT transistor with a PS-coated TPGDA dielectric layer showed stable drain current (I_d) of ~105A under bias stress of the gate voltage (em>V_g) of -20V and the drain voltage (em>V_d) of -20V for at least 144 hours. The V_to shift after the stress was less than 5 V and was recoverable when the device was kept in dry air for a few days. Possible reasons for the V_to shift have been discussed.

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Puri, Munish. "Solution Processable Novel Organic Electronic Devices for New Generation Biomedical Applications." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5290.

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The following dissertation addresses a novel low cost process developed to fabricate a Vertical Organic Field Effect Transistor (VOFET). The solution processable VOFET is designed, fabricated and tested in the context of bioengineering domains. The scope of distinct biomedical applications has also been explored. Organic thin-film transistors are gathering industrial attention as a potential candidate for future electronics analogous to silicon technology. Low fabrication cost, structural miniaturization and low operational voltage are the challenges for fabricating an Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET). To create these devices, OFETs require new design paradigms and wet processing routes. However, conventional lateral OFET geometry cannot satisfy these demands because of process complexities and the high cost to achieve sub-micron channel length. Despite these barriers, solvent sensitivity towards organic semiconductors, electrode patterning and masking make this process more challenging than are associated with current technologies. Therefore, the need for production of a low cost high efficiency OFET is of high importance. The soluble organic semiconductor exhibits promising device properties. The growing demand of organic electronics poses great difficulty in adapting standard photolithography patterning for fabrication. The main issue is incompatibility in handling organic materials. To circumvent these challenges, a novel fabrication process has been developed to build OFETs in vertical geometry. The novelty of this process allows for creation of sub-micron channel devices at very low cost. Solution processed VOFET devices are fabricated using a 13,6-N-sulfinylacetamidopentacene (NSFAAP) precursor. Low cost fabrication techniques such as spin coating and drop casting are employed for achieving submicron channel length. Nanoscale devices, i.e. channel lengths, L=265nm, 300nm and 535nm, are respectively fabricated using the spin coating technique. Output characteristics are recorded at an operational voltage of 1volt. Short channel effects dominate the device performance, resulting in a linearity effect in I-V characteristics. Strategies, such as perforated source electrode design and drop casting techniques, are evolved and employed to minimize the short channel effects. Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC) effects, better known as short channel effects, are observed during I-V characterizations at high longitudinal fields. The drop casting technique is used over Patterned Electrode (PE) for reducing these SCLC effects. Thick channel devices, i.e. L=2µm, are fabricated to minimize the SCLC effects. Low cost polyimide 3M kapton tape is used as masking material in between the stacked layers. Time-temperature balance is optimized during the precursor to pentacene growth process. Metrological characterizations such as TEM, SEM, AFM, Raman Spectroscopy and X-RD are performed to confirm the precursor to pentacene conversion. AFM scanning illustrates dendritic pentacene molecular growth at 170°C annealing. Consequently, the conversion temperature is optimized around 200°C. In life sciences, there is always striving for translational technology development that can mimic, integrate and manipulate the biological system. Electrical signals enhance the capabilities of electronics to interact and understand the signaling pathways in a biological system. Keeping this in view, the potential applications into biomedical areas, such as flexible sensors and biomedical imagers, are proposed. VOFET has been proposed as a mainstay for flexible cardiac sensors and as imagers. OFET sensors could be designed to cover highly stretchy and arbitrary cardiac tissue. Sensor web integration with pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) device systems has been proposed. The OFET imaging sensor holds potential for early detection of cancer by detecting nuclear level changes in breast cancer images. Nuclear pleomorphic (shape and size distortion of cancerous nuclei) feature detection and analysis could be a step forward in the direction of digital pathology. The conventional analysis approach is time-consuming and error prone as it depends on visual inspection by pathologists. The proposed approach is parallel in nature and supports the existing method of cancer detection.

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Palacios, Sebastian R. "A smart wireless integrated module (SWIM) on organic substrates using inkjet printing technology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51906.

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This thesis investigates inkjet printing of fully-integrated modules fabricated on organic substrates as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost and eco-friendly mass production of wireless sensor modules. Prototypes are designed and implemented in both traditional FR-4 substrate and organic substrate. The prototype on organic substrate is referred to as a Smart Wireless Integrated Module (SWIM). Parallels are drawn between FR-4 manufacturing and inkjet printing technology, and recommendations are discussed to enable the potential of inkjet printing technology. Finally, this thesis presents novel applications of SWIM technology in the area of wearable and implantable electronics. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to inkjet printing technology on organic substrates, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the requirements for low-power consumption, low-cost, and eco-friendly technology. Chapter 2 discusses the design of SWIM and its implementation using traditional manufacturing techniques on FR-4 substrate. Chapter 3 presents a benchmark prototype of SWIM on paper substrate. Challenges in the manufacturing process are addressed, and solutions are proposed which suggest future areas of research in inkjet printing technology. Chapter 4 presents novel applications of SWIM technology in the areas of implantable and wearable electronics. Chapter 5 concludes the thesis by discussing the importance of this work in creating a bridge between current inkjet printing technology and its future.

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Urien, Mathieu. "Cellules photovoltaïques organiques à base de nouveaux copolymères à blocs rigide-flexible." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13636/document.

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Ce travail de recherche pluridisciplinaire a consisté en l'étude de cellules photovoltaïques organiques à base de nouveaux copolymères à blocs de type rigide-flexible. L'idée était de proposer une alternative aux mélanges donneur/accepteur, dont la morphologie en film est très difficile à contrôler, en élaborant de nouveaux matériaux conjugués capables de s'auto-organiser et de créer une nano-structuration de la couche active, permettant ainsi d'optimiser certains paramètres du processus photovoltaïque (dissociation de l'exciton, conduction des charges vers les électrodes). La première étape a consisté à développer une synthèse simplifiée et versatile de copolymères constitués d'un bloc conjugué donneur (poly(3-hexylthiophène), d'un bloc flexible polystyrène, et d'un accepteur d'électron (C60). La seconde étape a consisté à caractériser ces matériaux originaux en tant que couche active ou compatibilisants dans des dispositifs photovoltaïques organiques et ainsi montrer leur potentiel
This multidisciplinary work deals with the study of organic photovoltaic cells based on new rod-coil block copolymers. The aim was to replace donor/acceptor blends which are currently limited by poor control over their thin-film morphology. It was expected that the new materials may self-assemble to give a nano-structuration of the active layer, and thereby optimize the principal physical photovoltaic processes, namely exciton separation and conduction of charge-carriers through the film to the electrodes. A versatile and simplified synthesis of rod-coil copolymers consisting of a donor conjugated block [poly(3-hexylthiophene], a flexible block (polystyrene) and an electron acceptor (C60) was developed. The characterization of the new materials demonstrated their potential as an active layer or compatibilizer in photovoltaic devices

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Pas, Jolien. "Flexible neural probes with a fast bioresorbable shuttle : From in vitro to in vivo electrophysiological recordings." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM040/document.

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Nous étudions l'utilisation de l'électronique organique à l'interface du tissu nerveux pour des applications in vitro et in vivo. Le principal objectif est la fabrication d’interfaces neuronales flexibles pour enregistrer l'activité électrophysiologique de cellules neuronales sur de longues durées. À cette fin, nous utilisons du parylène-C comme substrat et le polymère conducteur poly(3,4-éthylène dioxythiophène):poly(styrène sulfonate) pour réduire l'impédance de l'interface cellule/électrode. En utilisant nos matrices de microélectrodes, nous montrons comment améliorer le rendement d'enregistrement avec un modèle 3D in vitro. La formation de clusters cellulaires 3D augmente considérablement le nombre d’enregistrements de potentiels d’action unitaires. In vivo, nous démontrons la fabrication de sondes de support en polymères biodégradables sur nos capteurs flexibles en utilisant une combinaison de polymères alcool polyvinylique et poly(lactique-co-glycolique). Alors que notre support d’insertion en PVA fournit la rigidité nécessaire à la pénétration, le revêtement PLGA retarde la dissolution du support afin de placer précisément les capteurs à l'intérieur du cerveau. Cela nous permet d’enregistrer en profondeur et, dans les conditions idéales, de minimiser les lésions cérébrales par rapport à les sondes traditionnelles rigides. Dans l'ensemble, nous avons réussi à effectuer des enregistrements électrophysiologiques avec nos propres microélectrodes et sondes invasives, améliorant le rendement d'enregistrements in vitro et démontrant que nos support d’insertion biodégradables pénètrent le cerveau. Ces résultats annoncent de prometteuses applications médicales futures
Neural interfaces are designed to unravel the mysteries of the brain and to restore the functions of paralyzed patients. Despite the success of traditional neural interfaces, these rigid devices are prone to failure within months after surgery. Mechanical mismatch with the soft neural tissue is believed to be one of the main causes. In this thesis, we studied the use of soft organic electronics to interface with neural tissue for both in vitro and in vivo applications. Parylene-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and depth probes were made, employing the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to reduce the impedance at the cell-electrode interface. In vitro, we thereby showed how to enhance the recording yield of MEAs by creating a three-dimensional model of neurospheres. We further report on the fabrication of a new biodegradable polymer shuttle for flexible depth probes based on the combination of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA). In vivo, the PVA/PLGA- shuttled probes were acutely tested in mice and revealed promising electrophysiological results. More research remains necessary to evaluate its long-term function in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bioresorbable polymers are capable of providing the required stiffness to penetrate the brain, which shows much promise for future neural applications. This work thereby shows that a long-term functional neural interface is not far from being developed

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Guerin, Mathieu. "Conception de circuits électroniques au moyen de la technologie CMOS organique imprimée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4780/document.

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L’électronique organique connaît depuis ces dernières années un fort développement. Le CEA LITEN dispose d’une technologie d’impression par sérigraphie de transistors de type N et de type P sur une même plaque, permettant de créer des circuits complémentaires. Les performances et les limitations de cette technologie ont été étudiées, l’un des objectifs principaux de cette thèse étant de réaliser une étude concernant la faisabilité d’une étiquette RFID entièrement réalisée en technologie organique imprimée. Une telle étiquette, en plus d’être flexible, possèderait un coût de fabrication extrêmement bas.Des blocs entiers couramment utilisés dans les circuits RFID et comportant jusqu’à 50 transistors sont conçus et testés, montrant des performances supérieures ou au niveau de l’état de l’art dans ce domaine. La technologie organique imprimée n’étant pas aussi mature que celle utilisée dans la filière semi-conductrice classique, une étude est également menée concernant les effets de la dispersion du procédé de fabrication et du vieillissement sur les performances des circuits. Des pistes seront ainsi définies sur les paramètres (fiabilité, mobilité dans les semi-conducteurs organiques, taille des dispositifs…) à améliorer pour permettre à l’électronique organique de venir concurrencer l’industrie du silicium
During the past few years, the field of organic electronics has known an important development. The CEA LITEN is able to manufacture N-type and P-type screen-printed transistors on a same plastic sheet, enabling the design of complementary circuits. The performances and limitations of this technology are studied since one of this thesis’ main objectives is to determine the feasibility of a fully-printed organic RFID tag. Such a tag would be flexible and could be manufactured at an extremely low-cost. Some circuits commonly used in the RFID tags, and using up to 50 transistors, are designed and tested, showing some performances equivalent or above the reported latest developments. The organic electronics manufacturing process is not as mature as the one used in the classical silicon industry. Therefore, a study is performed concerning the effects of this process scattering, as well as the ageing, on the circuits’ performances. The main improvements (in terms of reliability, organic semi-conductor mobility, size) that can help the organic electronics in order to compete, one day, with the silicon industry, are discussed

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Casademont, Hugo. "Semi-conducteurs 2D pour l’électronique flexible : évaluation du potentiel du MoS2 monocouche en tant que matériau de canal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS365/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’évaluation du potentiel d'un semi-conducteur 2D, le disulfure de molybdène (MoS2) monocouche, en tant que matériau de canal de type N pour l’électronique flexible. Ce semi-conducteur d'épaisseur nanométrique est stable chimiquement, robuste mécaniquement et possède une bande interdite directe de 1,9 eV. Le travail réalisé couvre en premier lieu la synthèse de monocouches de MoS2 par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD) et leur caractérisation. Les monocouches synthétisées ont été intégrées avec succès en tant que matériau de canal dans des transistors de type N stables à l'air. L'étude a mis en évidence l'impact sur les performances de l'environnement et des résistances aux interfaces métal/MoS2. Des mobilités électroniques de 20 cm²/(V.s) associées à des rapports ION/IOFF > 106 ont été obtenus. Ces performances ont permis l’intégration du MoS2 monocouche dans des transistors flexibles. Ce travail a été combiné à d’importants efforts sur l’intégration de films minces organiques électrogreffés en tant que diélectrique de grille, y compris sur substrat flexible. Dans un domaine encore jeune mais en rapide évolution, ces travaux montrent la viabilité de l’option MoS2 monocouche pour l’électronique flexible, notamment en combinaison avec les diélectriques minces organiques
This PhD thesis is dedicated to the assessment of the potential of monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a N-type channel material for flexible electronics. This 2D semiconductor of atomic-scale thickness is chemically stable, mechanically robust and has a direct bandgap of 1.9 eV. This work includes the synthesis of MoS2 monolayers by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and the characterization of this material. The MoS2 monolayers were integrated in air-stable N-type transistors. The study highlighted the impact on the device performances of both the environment and the resistances at the MoS2/metal interfaces. Electronic mobilities of 20 cm²/(V.s) in combination with ION/IOFF ratios > 106 were achieved. These performances allowed integrating MoS2 monolayers in flexible transistors. This work was combined with the study of electrografted organic ultrathin films used as gate dielectrics and their integration in MoS2 transistors. This thesis shows that MoS2 monolayers are a viable option for flexible electronics operating at low bias, in particular when they are associated with ultrathin organic dielectrics

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Schmidt, Margot Marion [Verfasser], Horst-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Langowski, Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Briesen, Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer, and Jens-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Majschak. "High barrier materials for flexible and transparent encapsulation of organic electronics / Margot Marion Schmidt. Gutachter: Horst-Christian Langowski ; Heiko Briesen ; Karl Sommer ; Jens-Peter Majschak. Betreuer: Horst-Christian Langowski." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047440946/34.

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Martinez, Garcia Alba Maria. "Study of the Resistive Switching Mechanism in Novel Ultra-thin Organic-inorganic Dielectric-based RRAM through Electrical Observations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299358.

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The promising role resistive random-access memory (RRAM) plays in the imminent reality of wearable electronics calls for a new, updated physical model of their operating mechanism. Their high applicability as the next-generation flexible non-volatile memory (NVM) devices has promoted the recent emergence of a novel ultra-thin (< 5nm) organic/inorganic hybrid dielectric RRAM. A deep understanding of their resistive switching (RS) behavior is required to unlock their suitability in future electronics applications. However, the extremely reduced thicknesses bring about new challenges in terms of material characterization sample processing, while the RS observations through electrical characterization techniques lack uniformity in the key switching parameters, thus hindering the identification of any clear trends. This work studies the RS mechanism in ultra-thin Al/Hf-hybrid/Ni RRAM devices through uniformity-improved electrical observations. First, the focus is to implement a ramped-pulse train method during the reset process to reduce the dispersion of the voltage and resistance fluctuations at different starting voltage amplitudes and pulse widths. After finding the optimal electrical programming conditions for reduced parameter dispersions, a temperature test was performed to study the contributions of the metal ions and oxygen vacancies (V2+) in the switching layer. Finally, a physical model describing the operating mechanism in flexible RRAM is proposed after the close observation and study of the processed devices. The model is based on the coexistence of a hetero-metallic portion composed of Al and Hf3Al2, and a V2+ portion connected to form the hybrid conducting filament (CF) and turning the device on. The CF forming processes emphasize the strong presence of these vacancies partaking in RS, as the temperature dependence results suggest the majority of their concentration to be generated during this step. Also, the different electrical potential, temperature, and concentration gradients influencing the V2+ migration during RS may explain some of the failure mechanisms in the rupture and the re-forming of the filament. Additionally, the possible presence of a thin Al-oxide layer in the Al/Hf-hybrid interface may give a reason for leaky on-states. A detailed physical model of the RS mechanism in next-generation flexible RRAMs is key to learn to unlock a range of emerging technologies fitted to today’s needs.
Den senaste introduktionen av ultratunn (<5 nm) organisk-oorganisk hybrid dielektrisk RRAM som nästa generations icke-flyktiga minnesenheter kräver en djup förståelse för hybridskiktresistiv växling (RS). Den extremt reducerade tjockleken hindrar emellertid deras bearbetbarhet för materialkarakteriseringstekniker. Dessutom hindrar den dåliga enhetligheten i viktiga omkopplingsparametrar fortfarande i RRAM att alla trender kan definieras tydligt genom elektrisk karakterisering. Detta arbete använder elektrisk manipulation genom en RPS-metod (ramped-pulse series) för att förbättra spännings- och motståndsfluktuationerna i återställningsprocessen för ultratunna Al/Hf-hybrid/Ni-enheter vid olika spänningsamplitud, pulsbredd och temperaturförhållanden. Från de erhållna RPS-optimerade resultaten föreslås en ny och detaljerad fysisk modell som beskriver driftsmekanismen. Samexistensen i den ledande filamenten (CF) av en hybridmetalldel, sammansatt av Al och Hf3Al2, och en syrevakansdel bekräftas. Vår modell betonar vakansbidraget i RS, där majoriteten genereras under CF-formningsprocessen och deltar i olika grad i filamentbrottet för RPS och ingen RPS-bearbetade enheter via Joule-uppvärmning, drift och Fick-krafter. Dessutom förklaras kopplingsfelhändelser baserat på närvaron av ett Al2O3-lager i Al/Hf-hybridgränssnittet.

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Cruz, Hugo Cardoso da. "Development of electrodes in polymeric flexible substrates for organic biosensors." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16270.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Física
The increase of organic electronics and consequently, the development of sensors based on organic polymers have attracted a lot of attention of the scientific community. Intrigued by these multifunctional, easily processed and low cost materials, it has started to develop odour biosensors for different applications, including medical field and the detection of various diseases. The present work, is focused in the scaling-up of a devoted laboratory approach, in particular concerning the development of organic odour biosensors (electronic nose concept) based on a conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) in a pre-industrial approach and produced by means of electronic printing techniques, such as screen printing and slot die. New carbon microelectrodes with different geometrical parameters were designed and processed by the screen printing technique. Further, the slot die technique was applied in order to print the PEDOT:PSS film over the microelectrodes. After the fabrication process, the sensors were morphologically characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, profilometry and electrically identified by the two points probe method. The sensors were tested with the use of different analytes with the main focus on two gynaecological analytes. The resistive and capacitive electrical sensor responses for the analytes were analysed and discussed in depth. Important results were obtained with regard to the influence of the geometrical parameters of the carbon microelectrodes and also to the polymer thickness. Finally, the tests on the sensors were also carried out with the use of other analytes which contained blue cheese.
O desenvolvimento de eletrónica orgânica e consequentemente o desenvolvimento de sensores baseados em polímeros orgânicos, atraíram a atenção da comunidade científica. Motivada pela multifuncionalidade, fácil processamento e baixo custo destes materiais, novos biossensores de odor para diversas aplicações começaram a ser desenvolvidos, incluindo na área médica, para a deteção de doenças. Este trabalho, baseou-se no processo de “scaling-up” de um trabalho prévio que teve um objetivo meramente laboratorial, em particular no desenvolvimento de biossensores orgânicos de odor (conceito de nariz eletrónico), baseados em polímeros orgânicos (PEDOT:PSS) num paradigma pré industrial e fabricados pelo meio de técnicas de impressão de eletrónica orgânica, tais como screen printing e slot die. Foram desenhados novos microelétrodos de carbono com diferentes parâmetros geométricos que foram posteriormente produzidos por screen printing. Através da técnica de impressa de slot die, foram posteriormente impresso filmes de PEDOT:PSS sobre os microelétrodos. Após o processo de fabrico, os sensores foram morfologicamente caraterizados por microscopia ótica, microscopia de força atómica, perfilometria e eletricamente caraterizados através da técnica de duas pontas. Os sensores foram testados para diferentes analitos, nomeadamente para dois analitos ginecológicos. A resposta resistiva e capacitiva dos sensores expostos aos analitos, foi obtida e analisada, com especial atenção na influência dos parâmetros geométricos dos microelétrodos de carbono e também na espessura do polímero. Por fim, os sensores foram também testados para outros analitos compostos por queijo azul.

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Pandya, Hermona K. "Molecular design of organic semiconductors for electronic devices and their application in flexible light emitting diodes." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.08 Mb., 120 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3205439.

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Torres, Miranda Miguel Angel. "Conception de circuits analogiques et numériques avec des transistors organiques flexibles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066693/document.

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Dans l’âge des objets connectés, circuits conventionnels implémenté sur silicium ne sont pas la seule option pour réaliser des interfaces des capteurs. Dispositifs électroniques implémentés sur substrats souples sont aussi une option intéressante comme interface des capteurs dans notre quotidien, e.g: dans des vêtements, emballages, peau et dedans notre corps humain. Dans cette thèse nous proposons une formalisation de :-La procédure de fabrication de transistors en utilisant des matériaux organiques et flexibles. -La conception de circuits analogiques et numériques en utilisant ces transistors. Les contributions de cette thèse sont :• Optimisation de la procédure de fabrication et caractérisation de 2 technologies : la première fabriqué en utilisant des masques (« shadow masks » en anglais) avec un procès relativement « simple à implémenter ». La deuxième par un procès en utilisant la photolithographie et l’auto alignement. • Modélisation et extraction de paramètres pour prévoir leurs variations dans la conception de circuits.• Customisation des outils CAO « Open Source » VLSI (Alliance ©) pour la conception des circuits et layouts des transistors organiques.• Conception, fabrication et mesure des circuits analogiques (OTAs, comparateurs et convertisseurs analogiques-numériques) et circuits numériques simples (inverseurs, portes logiques, bascules). Ce travail a eu des résultats intéressants et il ouvre un ample spectre d’applications dans l’avenir dans le domaine de l’électronique flexible et organique
In the era of “Internet of Things”, conventional silicon-based circuits are not the only option to realize sensor interfaces. Electronic devices based on flexible materials are an interesting approach to interface with sensors connected to our everyday life, e.g.: clothes, packages, skin and into the human body. In this thesis, we propose a formalization of the:- Transistor fabrication process using organic and flexible materials.- Analog and digital circuit design using these transistors. The main contribution of this work can be summarized in the following:- Optimization of the fabrication and characterization process of two technologies: the first by shadow masks with an easy-to-fabricate procedure, the second by self-alignment and photolithography.- Modeling and parameter extraction for process variation aware analog design.- Customization of an open source VLSI CAD tools (Alliance©) for circuit design and layout of OTFT.- Design, fabrication and measurement of OTFT analog front-ends (OTAs, Comparators, Analog-to-Digital Converters,…) and basic digital circuits (Inverters, Logic Gates, …).This work achieved very interesting results and it opens a wide scope of future applications in the field of Flexible organic electronics

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Yvenou, Etienne. "Développement de modules thermoélectriques imprimés et flexibles pour des applications à température ambiante." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI071/document.

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L’effet thermoélectrique permet la conversion directe et réversible d’un flux de chaleur en courant électrique via l’utilisation de semi-conducteurs de type-p et de type n. Les polymères conjugués, comme le poly(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène) (PEDOT) sont pressentis pour être des alternatives aux alliages de tellurure de bismuth (Bi2Te3) coûteux, toxiques et difficiles à synthétiser.Cette thèse se propose d’améliorer la conductivité électrique d’un PEDOT et de faciliter sa mise en œuvre par une technique d’impression grande surface comme le spray.La première partie porte sur l’amélioration de la synthèse par tournette du PEDOT : OTf dont le dopage est stabilisé par le contre-ion trifluorométhanesulfonate (OTf-). Plusieurs co-solvants sont testés comme la pyridine ou la NMP. Ces co-solvants permettent de ralentir la polymérisation et d’améliorer ainsi la structure du matériau. Des conductivités électriques de 3600 S.cm-1 avec un coefficient Seebeck aux environs de 20 µV.K-1 sont atteintes.La seconde partie étudie les avantages et les inconvénients d’une synthèse de ce PEDOT : OTf amélioré par spray ultrasonique. Cette technique permet de conserver la formulation développée pour le dépôt par tournette. Il est possible d’obtenir des films épais (~ 1 µm) avec une conductivité électrique supérieure à 1650 S.cm-1. Des études par diffraction des rayons X et de transports permettent de comparer les deux méthodes de dépôt et d’orienter les choix de formulation et de procédé.Finalement, avec ces améliorations apportées, des exemples de modules thermoélectriques imprimés sont présentés et évalués. Ainsi en imprimant plus de 300 thermocouples connectés en série puis roulés, un tel module thermoélectrique occupe une surface inférieure à une pièce de 50 centimes d’euro et peut générer 1 µW avec un gradient de température de 35 °C.Cette thèse souhaite pouvoir apporter des éléments de réponse sur la relation entre la mise en œuvre et les propriétés électriques des polymères conducteurs
Thermoelectricity can convert directly and reversibly a heat flux into an electric current with p and n-type semiconductors. Conjugated polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT), offers an alternative to the best room temperature thermoelectric materials based on bismuth telluride alloys which used scarce, hazardous and hard to process raw materials.This PhD work aims to enhance the electrical conductivity of an in-situ polymerised PEDOT and make it easy to process with large scale printing techniques like spray-coating.The first part focus on the optimisation of this synthetized PEDOT through spin-coating. The doping of this PEDOT is stabilised with the counter-ion trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf-). One way of enhancement is to add co-solvents like pyridine and NMP in order to slow down the polymerisation rate. Consequently, PEDOT:OTf get a better structure and reach an outstanding electrical conductivity of 3,600 S.cm-1 without decreased the Seebeck coefficient which remains around 20 µv.K-1.The second part studies pro and cons of the ultrasonic spray as a coating technic to this enhanced PEDOT:OTf. This technic allows to keep an ink formulation closed of the spin-coating one and can print thick films (~ 1 µm) with an electrical conductivity above 1650 S.cm-1. XRD and transport measurements are achieved in order to understand and compare both spray and spin-coating techniques. And therefore, to enlighten improvement on formulation and process.At last, several examples of spray-coated thermoelectric generators are shown and tested. Thus by printing more than 300 thermocouples connected in series and rolled into a cylinder, such devices could produce 1 µW with a gradient of temperature of 35 °C on a surface less than a 5 cm2 (size of a coin).This thesis work wishes to provide insight on the process-electrical relationship in conducting polymers

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Lonjaret, Thomas. "Micro-fabrication of wearable and high-performing cutaneous devices based on organic materials for human electrophysiological recordings." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM021/document.

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L’électrophysiologie est l’étude des signaux électriques et électrochimiques générés par certaines cellules spécifiques tout comme par des organes entiers. Elle donne aux médecins l’opportunité de suivre le fonctionnement d’un seul neurone mais aussi de l’intégralité du cerveau. L’enregistrement de ces activités est essentiel pour le diagnostic de pathologies aussi diverses que les arythmies cardiaques, l’épilepsie ou la dégénération musculaire. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions différents types d’électrodes cutanées à base de matériaux organiques, de leur conception à leur évaluation préclinique. Notre approche est basée sur l’utilisation du polymère conducteur PEDOT :PSS et de gels ioniques, qui réduisent l’impédance de l’interface électrode-peau. De plus, nos électrodes sont conçues avec différents substrats fins et souples, plastiques ou textiles. Ceci appelle de nouvelles techniques de fabrications adaptées à ces substrats et aux matériaux organiques. Les électrodes sont caractérisées puis testées sur des volontaires afin de démontrer leurs excellentes performances par rapport aux électrodes médicales usuelles. L’évaluation de leur capacité à réduire le bruit et de leur stabilité sur plusieurs jours est effectuée sur des signaux venant des activités musculaires, cardiaques et cérébrales. Nous présentons également une électrode microscopique dite « active », basée sur le transistor organique électrochimique. Celui-ci permet d’amplifier et de filtrer in situ le signal. Parce que nos électrodes organiques cutanées possèdent un important potentiel industriel et clinique, nous étudions maintenant leur intégration dans des dispositifs médicaux de pointe
Electrophysiology is the study of electrical and electrochemical signals generated by specific cells or whole organs. It gives doctors the opportunity to track the physiological behavior of a single neuron, as well as the integral brain. The recording of these activities is essential to diagnose and better understand diseases like cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, muscular degeneration and many more. In this thesis, we study different types of cutaneous electrodes based on organic materials, from conception to pre-clinical evaluation. Our approach is based on the usage of PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer and ionic gels in order to reduce impedance at the skin-electrode interface. Moreover, the substrate of our electrodes is made with different materials such as thin and conformable plastics and textiles. Our devices are then flexible, motion resistant and can be integrating into clothes. We developed new fabrication processes, considering the different substrates and organic materials specifics. The electrodes were characterized and then tested on human volunteers to show their excellent performance in comparison to standard medical electrodes. The evaluation of noise reduction capabilities and possibilities to perform long-term recordings were established on signals coming from muscles, heart and brain. Furthermore, we present a hundred micrometer-small “active” electrode, based on the organic electrochemical transistor. It enables in situ amplification and filtering of recorded signals. The wearable organic electrodes developed in this work are of great industrial and clinic interest. Future work will aim to integrate these technologies into state-of-the-art medical devices

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Jouane, Youssef. "Apport des couches interfaciales à base d'oxyde de Zinc déposé par pulvérisation dans les performances des cellules photovoltaïques organiques compatibles avec des substrats flexibles." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769542.

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L'exploitation des couches interfaciales à base de d'oxydes métalliques ouvre des perspectives nouvelles dans le domaine des cellules photovoltaïques organiques (PVOs). Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le développement, la caractérisation et l'analyse de couches interfaciales, à base d'oxyde de zinc (ZnO), déposées par pulvérisation cathodique, dans l'élaboration de dispositifs solaires compatibles avec des substrats flexibles et des procédés " roll-to-roll ". Après un état de l'art du domaine, une première étude sera consacrée à l'apport et à l'optimisation des dépôts par pulvérisation cathodique des films de ZnO sur des couches actives de P3HT:PCBM dans le cas de structures conventionnelles. Une seconde partie mettra en évidence l'importance des procédés de recuit des couches de ZnO déposées sur des substrats flexibles ou rigides à base d'ITO pour des structures inverses de cellules PVOs flexibles. Suite à ces études, l'élaboration de ces dispositifs sera testée et validée à partir de techniques inspirées de la lithographie douce. L'interfaçage de nouveaux matériaux tels que le graphène avec de tels couches de ZnO sera également sera abordée lors de ces recherches.

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Rabah, Jad. "Assemblages donneur-accepteur à base de BODIPY-[60]Fullerène pour l’électronique organique : Synthèse, caractérisation, et modification de surface Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Energy Transfer Processes in a Flexible BODIPY‑C60 Dyad Synthesis of a Dual Clickable Fullerene Platform and Construction of a Dissymmetric BODIPY-[60]Fullerene DistyrylBODIPY Triad A fullerene helical peptide: synthesis, characterization and formation of self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF036.

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Ce manuscrit de thèse porte sur la synthèse de nouveaux assemblages covalents Donneur(s)-Accepteur(s) [BODIPY(s)-C60(s), BDP-C60] qui pourraient conduire à des applications potentielles en électronique organique et en photo-catalyse. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons dans un premier temps mis au point une nouvelle stratégie de synthèse permettant la double fonctionnalisation d’un dérivé du C60, par différents BDP(s), via des réactions de chimie clic. Cette nouvelle stratégie a permis la synthèse d’assemblages BPD(s)-C60(s) complexes conduisant à des processus photo-induits multiples liés à l’arrangement des différents partenaires (transfert d’électron et/ou transfert d’énergie). La seconde partie de cette thèse a porté sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de dérivés du BDP étendus fonctionnalisés par une ou deux unités ferrocène(s) (Fc) ou tetrathiafulvalène(s) (TTF). Ces assemblages présentent des propriétés d’absorption étendues dans le domaine du visible voire dans le proche IR dans certains cas. En outre, une bonne communication électronique entre les unités redox (Fc-BDP ou TTF-BDP) à l’état fondamental et excité a été mise en évidence. La modulation de l’émission de fluorescence du BDP dans certains de ces assemblages a également été mise en évidence par modification de l’état redox (du TTF ou du Fc) ouvrant la voie à des applications en électro-fluorochromisme.Ces assemblages ont été par la suite greffés sur la nouvelle plateforme C60 d’une manière simple et efficace. Les premières études réalisées sur les assemblages (Fc(s))-BDP-C60 ont révélé l’existence de processus de transfert d’électron en cascade, suite à la photo-excitation du BDP, avec une augmentation considérable des temps de vie des états de charges séparées. La dernière partie de ce manuscrit expose les résultats obtenus lors de l’immobilisation des systèmes BDP-C60 sur des surfaces d’or sous la forme de monocouches auto-assemblées. L’objectif est ici de développer des cellules photo-électrochimiques organiques (PEC) pour la génération de photo-courant. Pour réaliser cet objectif, ces assemblages BDP-C60 ont été modifiés par un hexa-peptide adoptant une conformation hélicoïdale, ce dernier permettant une meilleure structuration de la surface et un meilleur transport des électrons vers la surface métallique comparativement à une chaîne alkyle. Lors de cette partie, nous avons montré que l’association du peptide au C60 conduisait à une meilleure structuration de la surface par comparaison à une chaîne alkyle. Enfin, l’incorporation de monocouches auto-assemblées à base de (BDP)-C60-peptide dans des cellules photo-électrochimiques a montré une meilleure efficacité en termes de génération de photo-courant comparativement aux analogues fonctionnalisés par une chaîne alkyle
This manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of novel BODIPY-[60]Fullerene –based Donor-Acceptor conjugates for applications in organic electronics and photocatalysis.In the first part of this dissertation, we report the elaboration of a novel dual clickable methanofullerene building block that can be functionalized, on both sides of the C60, by different BDP light-harvester/electron donor appendages. This strategy allowed the efficient and straightforward construction of complex BDP-C60 –based arrays exhibiting multiple photoinduced events (electron or /and energy transfer) brought by the closely-spaced arrangement between the redox counterparts. In the second part of this thesis, we report the synthesis and characterization of extended-BDP derivatives containing one or two units of Ferrocene (Fc) or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donors. The resulting conjugates displayed remarkable light-harvesting properties with wide absorption in the visible region that can be extended to the NIR in some cases. In addition, a good electronic communication between the redox centers (Fc-BDP or TTF-BDP) at the fundamental or/and excited states was demonstrated in these conjugates. The modulation of the BDP emission within these assemblies was also investigated by switching the redox properties of the TTF and Fc moieties. Moreover, these TTF-BDP and Fc-BDP systems were consecutively connected to the newly-described methanofullerene platform using our described synthetic strategy in the previous part, which resulted in the formation of TTF-BDP-C60 and Fc-BDP-C60 assemblies in an efficient manner. These derivatives exhibited interesting photophysical and photodynamic properties thanks to the occurrence of efficient cascade PET processes, resulting in the formation of relatively-long charge-separated state lifetimes. Finally, in the last part of this dissertation, we report the immobilization of the BDP-C60 and extended-BDP-C60 –based assemblies on gold surfaces through the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the design of photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). For this, we appended a helical peptide, playing a dual role as structuring agent and good electron mediator, between the metallic surface and the redox centers. The association of the (BDP)-C60 derivatives with the peptide spacer appeared as a successful strategy for the formation of more dense and vertically-oriented monolayers, when compared to their alkyl chains analogs. The incorporation of the SAM-based BDP-C60-peptide assemblies in a PEC device revealed interesting photocurrent generation properties, which makes these assemblies potential candidates for organic electronics applications

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26

Edberg, Jesper. "Flexible and Cellulose-based Organic Electronics." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136518.

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Organic electronics is the study of organic materials with electronic functionality and the applications of such materials. In the 1970s, the discovery that polymers can be made electrically conductive led to an explosion within this field which has continued to grow year by year. One of the attractive features of organic electronic materials is their inherent mechanical flexibility, which has led to the development of numerous flexible electronics technologies such as organic light emitting diodes and solar cells on flexible substrates. The possibility to produce electronics on flexible substrates like plastic or paper has also had a large impact on the field of printed, electronics where inks with electronic functionality are used for large area fabrication of electronic devices using classical printing methods, such as screen printing, inkjet printing and flexography. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of cellulose in organic and printed electronics, not only as a paper substrate but also as a component in composite materials where the cellulose provides mechanical strength and favorable 3D-microstructures. Nanofibrillated cellulose is composed of cellulose fibers with high aspect-ratio and diameters in the nanometer range. Due to its remarkable mechanical strength, large area-to-volume ratio, optical transparency and solution processability it has been widely used as a scaffold or binder for electronically active materials in applications such as batteries, supercapacitors and optoelectronics. The focus of this thesis is on flexible devices based on conductive polymers and can be divided into two parts: (1) Composite materials of nanofibrillated cellulose and the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS and (2) patterning of vapor phase polymerized conductive polymers. In the first part, it is demonstrated how the combination of cellulose and conductive polymers can be used to make electronic materials of various form factors and functionality. Thick, freestanding and flexible “papers” are used to realize electrochemical devices such as transistors and supercapacitors while lightweight, porous and elastic aerogels are used for sensor applications. The second focus of the thesis is on a novel method of patterning conductive polymers produced by vapor phase polymerization using UV-light. This method is used to realize flexible electrochromic smart windows with high-resolution images and tunable optical contrast.

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Lee, Chun-Che, and 李俊哲. "Application of Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Flexible Electronics." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37714697918721798497.

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博士
國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
99
We proposed a flexible electronics with functional poly (arylene ether)s and discotic liquid crystal. Firstly, we provided a series of the PAE polymer with remarkable thermal stability and high optical transmittance. The PAEs were synthesized via nucleophilic displacement as polymerization on a 2-trifluoromethyl-activated bisfluoro monomer, which reacted with bisphenols. Thermal analysis indicated the PAEs possessed a high glass transition point of ~300℃ and the decomposition temperature Td=500℃ at a weight loss of 5%. Additionally, high transmittance of 85%, low dielectric constant of ~2.0, and well mechanical property of the PAE films were experimentally verified, as a high potential substrate for flexible electronics. Two kind of device structure has been prepared, were organic thin film solar cell and Dye sensitized solar cell. Furthermore, we provided the self-assembled triphenylene-based liquid crystal and its polymer derivative to apply for photovoltics. The 2, 3, 6, 7-tetra-6-octyloxydibenzo[a,c]phenazine-11-carboxylic group and the polymer of merging with disc-unit and polyacrylamide. Both show a highly isotropic phase transition point of ~270℃ and the decomposition temperature Td~450℃ at a weight loss of 5%. The specific absorption in visible light region was at 200 - 450 nm. A distinct self-arrangement of columnar array was investigated by optical textures. The self-arranged pathway enhanced carrier mobility due to π-π conjugation in hexagonal column stacking. Finally, the PAEs and DLC materials applied to thin film solar cell (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DLC-PAM/P3HT:PCBM/Al) as hole transporting layer. The photo-conversion efficiency was strong depending on organic compounds, such as molecular structure, photo-physic and chemical properties. On the basis of integrated characteristics, it suggested a high potential as flexible electronics for photovoltics.

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Andersson, Ersman Peter, David Nilsson, Jun Kawahara, Göran Gustafsson, and Magnus Berggren. "Fast-switching all-printed organic electrochemical transistors." 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93254.

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Symmetric and fast (∼5 ms) on-to-off and off-to-on drain current switching characteristics have been obtained in screen printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) including PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid)) as the active transistor channel material. Improvement of the drain current switching characteristics is made possible by including a carbon conductor layer on top of PEDOT:PSS at the drain electrode that is in direct contact with both the channel and the electrolyte of the OECT. This carbon conductor layer suppresses the effects from a reduction front that is generated in these PEDOT:PSS-based OECTs. In the off-state of these devices this reduction front slowly migrate laterally into the PEDOT:PSS drain electrode, which make off-to-on switching slow. The OECT including carbon electrodes was manufactured using only standard printing process steps and may pave the way for fully integrated organic electronic systems that operate at low voltages for applications such as logic circuits, sensors and active matrix addressed displays.

Funding Agencies|Lintec Corporation||

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Wojcik, Pawel Jerzy. "Printable organic and inorganic materials for flexible electrochemical devices." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13600.

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Portuguese Science Foundation - project Electra PTDC/CTM/099124/2008 and the PhD grant SFRH/BD/45224. financial support: Professor E. Fortunato’s ERC 2008 Advanced Grant (INVISIBLE contract number 228144), “APPLE” FP7-NMP-2010-SME/262782-2 and “SMARTEC” FP7-ICT-2009.3.9/258203

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Chen, Hsin-yuan, and 陳信元. "Research of organic layer compositions of water vapor barrier film for flexible electronics." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13007627464557489322.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學與工程學系
103
Abstract In this study, water vapor barrier film was prepared by stacking organic layer and inorganic layer respectively on PET substrate. Perhydropolysilazane(PHPS) was the precursor which goes moisture-curing reaction at low temperature to form silica oxide (SiOx), the inorganic layer. Polyurethane acrylate and epoxy acrylate were UV oligomers which combine with cross-linking monomer to formulate UV-curing resin, the organic layer. This study focus on the composition of organic layer affects the adhesion property, flexibility, thermal resistance and durability of water vapor barrier film. From the experiment results, the UV-curing organic layer formulated by polyurethane acrylate oligomer, epoxy acrylate oligomer, and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) monomer performs excellent flexibility, thermal resistance and durability. And the organic layer shows very good adhesion property between PET substrate and silica oxide inorganic layer because of containing hydroxyl group. The transmittance of visible light of this organic and inorganic stacked monolayer barrier film is more than 90%. The surface roughness Ra is 0.38 nm and Rq is 0.57 nm. WVTR of this monolayer barrier film is below than 0.55 g/m2•day. Even after 1000 times bending test, WVTR is still below than 0.6 g/ m2•day. It is believed that by preparing organic and inorganic layers respectively and forming a multilayer barrier film could meet flexible electronics barrier property requirement. And this multilayer barrier film will be applied to flexible electronics encapsulation in the near future.

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Gowrisanker, Srinivas. "Organic Thin Film Transistors : characterization and integration on low temperature substrates for flexible electronics /." 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1882714301&sid=16&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Chuang, Ta-Ko. "Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays on flexible metal foil substrates." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316885.

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Santos, Gonçalo Manuel Cardeira. "Cu2O Nanoparticles for Application in Printed and Flexible Electronics." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/23412.

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This work reports the synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NP) and further application in conductive inks and resistive switching memory devices. A study was conducted on the used method to synthetize the NPs, to identify the influence of each parameter in the final morphology of the NPs. Also, two other studies focused on the stability of the NPs were conducted. In a first approach, non-volatile memories with MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) structure were produced on glass substrates. Contacts were made from gold deposited by e-beam and the insulator layer was made of organic compounds with NPs dispersed, deposited by spin-coating. The devices exhibited a unipolar switching, with an ON/OFF current ratio of approximately 103 and working voltages below 30V. Later, similar devices were produced on paper substrates, with intention to replicate the devices using flexible substrates. In this case, pen-writing printing was used method to deposit the newly optimized insulator layer of organic compounds and NPs. The new devices showed an ON/OFF current ratio of 104 and working voltages below 7V. Also 20 cycles were achieved into the opposing 5 achieved on glass produced devices, showing an improved stability and endurance. It was also demonstrated the formation of conductive copper films through reduction of the Cu2O NPs when dispersed in solvents containing glycerol, and recurring to annealing temperatures around 300ºC.

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Dollinger, Felix. "Mechanically Flexible and Electrically Stable Organic Permeable Base Transistors." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36194.

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Organic transistors have attracted significant research interest in recent years due to their promises of mechanical flexibility and low-cost fabrication. Possible innovative applications include wearable electronic sensor systems, as well as mass-produced, inexpensive localization tags for logistics. However, the limited charge carrier mobility in organic semiconductor materials, contact resistance at the organic-metal interface and comparably long transistor channel lengths result low-speed organic transistors and low current densities compared with conventional inorganic transistors. The organic permeable base transistor (OPBT) is a disruptive transistor architecture that overcomes some of these drawbacks by providing a vertical transistor channel, which is much shorter than in lateral channel organic transistor devices. Consequently, it has been shown to be the fastest organic transistor to date with a transition frequency of 40 MHz, driving currents up to the kA/cm^2 regime. Nevertheless, the OPBT has not yet reached the application stage and its production has been limited to lab-scale devices deposited onto rigid glass substrates. Issues include low yield, large leakage currents, and unknown reliability of the devices. This work addresses these problems by transferring OPBTs to flexible polymer substrates and introducing a controlled and easily reproducible manufacturing technique for the crucial base oxide layer by electrochemical anodization. The anodization technique allows the creation of defined insulating layers, leading to devices with significantly reduced leakage currents and consequently very large transmission factors of 99.9996%. An investigation into the electrical stability of OPBTs shows that the devices are suitable as switching transistors in active matrix organic light emitting displays (AMOLED). In this application, the OPBT demonstrates its strengths particularly well, because fast operation and high current densities are needed. With this thesis a series of milestones on the path to commercial viability of the OPBT have been reached, making the device fit for large-scale production and integration into flexible electronic circuits, allowing it to drive the bendable organic displays of the future.:1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals 3 Experimental 4 Results – Flexible Devices 5 Results – Anodization of the Base Layer 6 Results – TEM Investigations 7 Results – Electrical Stress Measurements 8 Conclusion and Outlook
Durch die Aussicht auf mechanische Flexibilität und kostengünstige Herstellung haben Organische Transistoren in den vergangenen Jahren erhebliches Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Innovative Anwendungsideen umfassen tragbare elektronische Sensorsysteme und massenproduzierte, preiswerte Ortungsetiketten für die Logistik. Leider führen die geringe Ladungsträgermobilität in organischen Halbleitermaterialien, Kontaktwiderstände am Organik-Metall-Übergang und vergleichsweise große Kanallängen der Transistoren dazu, dass organische Transistoren langsamer sind und geringere Stromdichten aufweisen als anorganische Transistoren. Der Organic Permeable Base Transistor (Organischer Transistor mit durchlässiger Basis, OPBT) stellt eine bahnbrechende Transistorarchitektur dar, die mithilfe eines vertikalen Transistorkanals einige der vorgenannten Nachteile überwindet. Dadurch ist die Kanallänge deutlich kleiner, als das bei lateralen organischen Transistorbauteilen der Fall ist. Infolgedessen kann er sich als der bisher schnellste organische Transistor mit einer Transitfrequenz von 40 MHz behaupten und Stromdichten bis in den kA/cm^2 Bereich treiben. Nichtsdestotrotz hat der OPBT bislang keine Anwendungsreife erreicht und wird derzeit nur im Labormaßstab auf starren Glassubstraten hergestellt. Hindernisse sind die geringe Produktionsausbeute, große Leckströme und die unklare Zuverlässigkeit der Bauteile. Diese Arbeit nimmt die eben genannten Herausforderungen in Angriff. Es werden OPBTs auf flexible Polymersubstrate übertragen, sowie eine kontrollierte und einfach reproduzierbare Herstellungsmethode für das wichtige Basisoxid durch elektrochemische Anodisierung eingeführt. Die Anodisierungsmethode lässt definierte Isolationsschichten entstehen, was zu stark reduzierten Leckströmen und folglich zu sehr großen Transmissionsfaktoren von 99,9996% führt. Die Untersuchung der elektrischen Stabilität von OPBTs zeigt, dass die Bauteile als Schalttransistoren in organischen Aktiv-Matrix-Displays geeignet sind. Für diese Anwendung sind die Stärken von OPBTs besonders relevant, weil kurze Schaltzeiten und hohe Stromdichten benötigt werden. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Reihe von Meilensteinen auf dem Weg zur kommerziellen Anwendbarkeit von OPBTs erreicht. Damit ist das Bauteil reif für die großtechnische Produktion und die Integration in flexible elektronische Schaltkreise, die die biegsamen organischen Displays der Zukunft ansteuern werden.:1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals 3 Experimental 4 Results – Flexible Devices 5 Results – Anodization of the Base Layer 6 Results – TEM Investigations 7 Results – Electrical Stress Measurements 8 Conclusion and Outlook

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35

Favero, Bolson Natanael. "All Organic Polymers Based Morphing Skin with Controllable Surface Texture." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627873.

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Smart skins are integrating an increasing number of functionalities in order to improve the interaction between the systems they equip and their ambient environment. Here we have developed an electromechanical soft actuator with controlled surface texture due to applied thermal gradient via electrical voltage. The device was fabricated and integrated with optimized process parameters for a prepared heater element [doped PEDOT: PSS (poly-(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonic acid))], a soft actuator (Ecoflex 00-50/ethanol) and overall packaging case [PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)]. To study a potential application of the proposed smart skin, we analyze the fluid drag reduction in a texture controlled water flow unit. As a result, we obtained a reduction of approximately 14% in the skin drag friction coefficient during the actuation. We conclude that the proposed soft actuator device is a preferred option for a texture-controlled skin that reduces the skin drag friction coefficient.

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Martins, Inês de Oliveira. "Parylene C as substrate, dielectric and encapsulation for flexible electronics applications." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/31877.

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Flexible electronics have received a lot of attention in recent days due to the several possible applications that can be envised. The aim of this work was to produce thin film transistors (TFTs) fully conformal and flexible suitable for skin electronics applications. For that, parylene C was used as a flexible substrate and, since parylene has good electrical properties, being a good insulator, it was also used as dielectric and encapsulation layers of the TFTs, combining all parylene C qualities in one device. Parylene is a semicrystalline polymer, so to study how some parameters such as thickness and temperature influence the crystallinity, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed. For parylene as TFT dielectric layer it was concluded that the optimum thickness was between 200 and 300 nm, reaching TFT mobilities between 10 and 15 cm2V-1s-1, ON/OFF ratio higher than 106 and low leakage current smaller than 10-10 A. The use of parylene as a encapsulation layer improves the behavior of the TFTs with more stability and less variability between similar devices. The use of parylene as a substrate does not affect greatly the performance of the devices being a promising material for electronic skin due to its conformal properties. Finally, the peel off of the films was studied and it was concluded that the better option consists in depositing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film at the glass carrier before the parylene substrate deposition.

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37

"Novel Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Optogenetic Experiments." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34848.

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abstract: Optical Fibers coupled to laser light sources, and Light Emitting Diodes are the two classes of technologies used for optogenetic experiments. Arizona State University's Flexible Display Center fabricates novel flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes(OLEDs). These OLEDs have the capability of being monolithically fabricated over flexible, transparent plastic substrates and having power efficient ways of addressing high density arrays of LEDs. This thesis critically evaluates the technology by identifying the key advantages, current limitations and experimentally assessing the technology in in-vivo and in-vitro animal models. For in-vivo testing, the emitted light from a flat OLED panel was directly used to stimulate the neo-cortex in the M1 region of transgenic mice expressing ChR2 (B6.Cg-Tg (Thy1-ChR2/EYFP) 9Gfng/J). An alternative stimulation paradigm using a collimating optical system coupled with an optical fiber was used for stimulating neurons in layer 5 of the motor cortex in the same transgenic mice. EMG activity was recorded from the contralateral vastus lateralis muscles. In vitro testing of the OLEDs was done in primary cortical neurons in culture transfected with blue light sensitive ChR2. The neurons were cultured on a microelectrode array for taking neuronal recordings.
Dissertation/Thesis
ICMS response in front and hind limb
Optogenetic response using iLEDs and OLEDs
iLED vs iLED coupled to optical fiber response
Masters Thesis Bioengineering 2015

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38

Liu, Cheng-Chin, and 劉政欽. "Study on the Novel Self-Organized Organic /Inorganic Thin Film Transistors for the Flexible Electronics Applications." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72340561191615025168.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電子工程系所
96
Recently, active matrix organic diode displays (AMOLEDs) become the most advanced technology in the market; organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) enable the fabrication of low-cost, flexible, full color flat panel displays. In principle, there are two primary leakage current paths of OTFTs; one is the conductive bulk current of P3HT, and the other one comes from the gate leakage current. Conventional OTFTs share a common gate, in which case the leakage current goes through the gate dielectric and the value is much more significant, and leads to a low ION/IOFF ratio. Therefore, we had efforts on defining the active layer via the photolithographic technique and RIE drying etching for improving device performances. We have successfully proposed a patterned method for the TFT devices with the similar mobility and high ION/IOFF ratio which is significantly improved by over four orders of magnitude than that of conventional ones. Moreover, in this thesis we also fabricated OTFT devices by the novel self-organized method via two steps modification layer growth which provides different surface energies between the active region and non-active region. Soluble organic/inorganic semiconductors were deposited by dip casting or spin coating. Then the soluble active materials were selectivity deposited over the active region automatically due to different surface energies on the substrate surfaces. In chapter two, the cross-linked PVP and P3HT were acted as the dielectric and semiconductor materials, respectively. The key point for choosing the plastic substrate is the transparency, thermal expansion coefficient, and permeation of H2O parameters. Polyethylenterephtalate(PET) is the best choice for our devices. We fabricated OTFT devices on the flexible substrate with on/off current ratio of 104 and threshold voltage of 2.66 volt. Due to the poor on/off current ratio with PVP dielectric, in chapter three we optimized deposition parameters for obtaining the best electric performance with SiO2 dielectric. The best ION/IOFF ratio is up to 107 with wetted thermal oxide. We also fabricated devices with three kinds of thicknesses with PECVD oxides. High breakdown voltage and high ION/IOFF ratio were observed with PECVD oxide thickness of 300nm. It has a great potential in integrated circuits. The surface energy was obtained by measuring the contact angles of polar and non-polar liquids and calculating with the Good-Girifalco (geometric mean) equations. The organic semiconductor solvent was self-organized clearly with surface energy difference of 12 mJ/cm2. In chapter four, we also fabricated the novel double-gate structure OTFT devices with this self-organized method to control the threshold voltage by two gate bias. High threshold voltage will limit its application of OTFTs on low power consumption flexible electronics. Besides P3HT polymers, several other active materials, such as poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) -co-(bithiophene) (F8T2), ZnO and, Pentance precursor were utilized for OTFT devices. Because the ZnO and F8T2 are N-type and P-type semiconductors, this could apply to the Complementary-OTFT device.

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Li, Flora. "Organic Thin Film Transistor Integration." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3745.

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This thesis examines strategies to exploit existing materials and techniques to advance organic thin film transistor (OTFT) technology in device performance, device manufacture, and device integration. To enhance device performance, optimization of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) gate dielectric thin film and investigation of interface engineering methodologies are explored. To advance device manufacture, OTFT fabrication strategies are developed to enable organic circuit integration. Progress in device integration is achieved through demonstration of OTFT integration into functional circuits for applications such as active-matrix displays and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. OTFT integration schemes featuring a tailored OTFT-compatible photolithography process and a hybrid photolithography-inkjet printing process are developed. They enable the fabrication of fully-patterned and fully-encapsulated OTFTs and circuits. Research on improving device performance of bottom-gate bottom-contact poly(3,3'''-dialkyl-quarter-thiophene) (PQT-12) OTFTs on PECVD silicon nitride (SiNx) gate dielectric leads to the following key conclusions: (a) increasing silicon content in SiNx gate dielectric leads to enhancement in field-effect mobility and on/off current ratio; (b) surface treatment of SiNx gate dielectric with a combination of O2 plasma and octyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) delivers the best OTFT performance; (c) an optimal O2 plasma treatment duration exists for attaining highest field-effect mobility and is linked to a “turn-around” effect; and (d) surface treatment of the gold (Au) source/drain contacts by 1-octanethiol SAM limits mobility and should be omitted. There is a strong correlation between the electrical characteristics and the interfacial characteristics of OTFTs. In particular, the device mobility is influenced by the interplay of various interfacial mechanisms, including surface energy, surface roughness, and chemical composition. Finally, the collective knowledge from these investigations facilitates the integration of OTFTs into organic circuits, which is expected to contribute to the development of new generation of all-organic displays for communication devices and other pertinent applications. A major outcome of this work is that it provides an economical means for organic transistor and circuit integration, by enabling use of the well-established PECVD infrastructure, yet not compromising the performance of electronics.

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Paruzel, Bartosz. "Optimalizace vícevrstvých struktur pro organickou elektroniku." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405997.

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Organic electronic devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs), light- emitting diodes (OLEDs), resistive memory elements or organic solar cells have attracted an increasing attention in recent years due to the vision of a low-cost and large-scale production of printable electronics. Many papers published during the last decade focused on the intrinsic properties of organic conductors, semiconductors and dielectric materials. Since most of the devices consist of multilayer structures the mutual influence of the processes that take place in the particular layers are important for the functionality of the whole device. This work is aimed to contribute to the characterization and understanding of the mutual interactions of individual layers in the multilayer structures of organic devices. The main achievements of this work can be listed as: (i) Optimization of the thermal stability and dielectric properties of cyanoethylated polyvinylalcohol (CEPVA) high-k dielectric by the crosslinking reaction with the low molecular weight materials or mixing with a high Tg polymer. (ii) Finding possible phenomena in the CEPVA polymer dielectric that influence the charge carrier transport in the OFET active channel made of bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene organic semiconductor, using a...

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Bandari, Vineeth. "Towards Smart Motile Autonomous Robotic Tubular Systems (S.M.A.R.T.S)." 2021. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75964.

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The development of synthetic life once envisioned by Feynman and Flynn many decades ago has stimulated significant research in materials science, biology, neuroscience, robotics, and computer science. The cross-disciplinary effort and advanced technologies in soft miniature robotics have addressed some of the significant challenges of actuation, sensing, and subsystem integration. An ideal Soft motile miniaturised robot (SMMRs) has innovative applications on a small scale, for instance, drug delivery to environmental remediation. Such a system demands smart integration of micro/nano components such as engines, actuators, sensors, controllers, and power supplies, making it possible to implement complex missions controlled wirelessly. Such an autonomous SMMR spans over multiple science and technology disciplines and requires innovative microsystem design and materials. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made towards mastering one of such a SMMR's essential components: micro-engine. Chemical fuels and magnetic fields have been employed to power the micro-engines. However, it was realized seven years ago in work of TU-Chemnitz Professorship of Material Systems in Nanoelectronics and institute of investigative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden including Chemnitz side. Write explicitly that it is essential to combine the micro-engine with other functional microelectronic components to create an individually addressable smart and motile microsystem. This PhD work summarises the progress in designing and developing a novel flexible and motile soft micro autonomous robotic tubular systems (SMARTS) different from the well-studied single-tube catalytic micro-engines and other reported micromotors. Our systems incorporate polymeric nanomembranes fabricated by photolithography and rolled-up nanotechnology, which provide twin-tube structures and a spacious platform between the engines used to integrate onboard electronics. Energy can be wirelessly transferred to the catalytic tubular engine, allowing control over the SMARTS direction. Furthermore, to have more functionality onboard, a micro-robotic arm was integrated with remote triggering ability by inductive heating. To make the entire system smart, it is necessary to develop an onboard processor. However, the use of conventional Si technology is technically challenging due to the high thermal processes. We developed complex integrated circuits (IC) using novel single crystal-like organic and ZnO-based transistors to overcome this issue. Furthermore, a novel fabrication methodology that combines with six primary components of an autonomous system, namely motion, structure, onboard energy, processor, actuators, and sensors to developing novel SMARTSs, is being pursued and discussed.:List of acronyms 8 Chapter 1. Introduction 12 1.1 Motivation 14 1.2 Objectives 17 1.3 Thesis structure 18 Chapter 2. Building blocks of micro synthetic life 19 2.1 Soft structure 20 2.1.1 Polymorphic adaptability 20 2.1.2 Dynamic reconfigurability 20 2.1.3 Continuous motion 21 2.2 Locomotion 21 2.2.1 Aquatic 22 2.2.2 State-of-the-art aquatic SMMR 24 2.2.3 State-of-the-art terrestrial SMMR 25 2.2.4 State-of-the-art aerial SMMR 27 2.3 Onboard sensing 28 2.3.1 State-of-the-art 3D and flexible sensors systems 28 2.4 Onboard actuation 30 2.4.1 State-of-the-art actuators 30 2.5 Embedded onboard intelligence 32 2.5.1 State-of-the-art flexible integrated circuits 32 2.6 Onboard energy 33 2.6.1 State-of-the-art micro energy storage 34 2.6.2 State-of-the-art onboard energy harvesting SMMR 35 Chapter 3. Technology overview 38 3.1 Structure 38 3.1.1 Self-assembled “swiss-roll” architectures 40 3.1.2 Polymeric “swiss-roll” architectures 41 3.2 Motion: micro tubes as propulsion engines 44 3.2.1 Chemical engines 44 3.3 Embedded onboard intelligence 46 3.3.1 Thin film transistor 46 3.3.2 Basic characteristics of MOSFETs 48 3.4 Growth dynamics of organic single crystal films 51 3.4.1 Thin films growth dynamics 52 3.5 Powering SMARTSs 55 3.5.1 Onboard energy storage 56 3.5.2 Wireless power delivery 59 3.6 Integrable micro-arm 63 3.6.1 Stimuli-responsive actuator 63 3.6.2 Remote activation 64 Chapter 4. Fabrication and characterization 65 4.1 Thin film fabrication technology 65 4.1.1 Photolithography 65 4.1.2 E-beam deposition 68 4.1.3 Sputtering 69 4.1.4 Physical vapour deposition 70 4.1.5 Atomic layer deposition 71 4.1.6 Ion beam etching 72 4.2 Characterization methods 73 4.2.1 Atomic force microscopy 73 4.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy 74 4.2.3 Cyclic voltammetry 75 4.2.4 Galvanic charge discharge 77 4.2.5 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 78 Chapter 5. Development of soft micro autonomous robotic tubular systems (SMARTS) 81 5.1 Soft, flexible and robust polymeric platform 82 5.2 Locomotion of SMARTS 84 5.2.1 Assembly of polymeric tubular jet engines 84 5.2.2 Catalytic self-propulsion of soft motile microsystem 85 5.2.3 Propulsion power generated by the catalyst reaction 87 5.3 Onboard energy for SMARTS 89 5.3.1 Onboard wireless energy 90 5.3.2 Onboard ‘zero-pitch’ micro receiver coil 90 5.3.3 Evaluation of the micro receiver coil 91 5.4 Onboard energy storage 92 5.4.1 Fabrication of nano-biosupercapacitors 93 5.4.2 Electrochemical performance of “Swiss-roll” nBSC 97 5.4.3 Self-discharge performance and Bio enhancement: 98 5.4.4 Electrochemical and structural life time performance 100 5.4.5 Performance under physiologically conditions 101 5.4.6 Electrolyte temperature and flow dependent performance 102 5.4.7 Performance under hemodynamic conditions 105 5.4.8 Biocompatibility of nBSCs 105 5.5 Wireless powering and autarkic operation of SMARTS 108 5.5.1 Remote activation of an onboard IR-LED 108 5.5.2 Wireless locomotion of SMARTS 109 5.5.3 Effect of magnetic moment on SMARTS locomotion 111 5.5.4 Full 2D wireless locomotion control of SMARTS 112 5.5.5 Self-powered monolithic pH sensor system 114 5.6 Onboard remote actuation 119 5.6.1 Fabrication of integrable micro-arm 120 5.6.2 Remote actuation of integrable micro-arm 122 5.7 Flexibility of SMARTS 122 5.8 Onboard integrated electronics 123 5.9 Onboard organic electronics 124 5.9.1 Growth of BTBT-T6 as active semiconductor material 125 5.9.2 Confined Growth of BTBT-T6 to form Single-Crystal-Like Domain 128 5.9.3 Fabrication of OFET based on Single-Crystal-Like BTBT-T6 129 5.9.4 Carrier injection optimization 132 5.9.5 Performance of single-crystal-like BTBT-T6-OFET 133 5.10 Onboard flexible metal oxide electronics 136 5.10.1 Fabrication flexible ZnO TFT 138 5.10.2 Performance of ZnO TFT 139 5.10.3 Flexible integrated circuits 140 5.10.4 Logic gates 140 Chapter 6. Summary 142 Chapter 7. Conclusion and outlook 144 References 147 List of Figures & tables 173 Versicherung 177 Acknowledgement 178 Research achievements 180 Research highlight 183 Cover pages 184 Theses 188 Curriculum-vitae 191

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Chen, Yu-Hsuan, and 陳宇璿. "The Fabrication of Organic Electronic Components and Circuits by Inkjet Printing on Flexible Substrate." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03169926923171242331.

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碩士
臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
95
An inkjet printing system was developed during the course of this thesis, which includes the inkjet printing stage, the computer programs for graphic pattern control, the inkjet drop observation system, and the pressure control system, etc. The stability of this system was found to be comparable or in certain cases superior to the commercially available system. Moreover, this system was used to fabricate silver leads, polymer capacitors, polymer thin film transistors, RC filters and inverters on flexible substrate, fulfilling the goal of “all-inkjet printing.” Regarding the research achievements, the silver leads were created by using the “silver mirror reaction,” a process that has not been applied to the inkjet printing process before. The conductivity of the silver leads was found to reach 106S/m, which is only slightly less than that of the bulk silver. In addition, polymer capacitor with 453μF/m2 capacitance, the highest capacitance reported so far, was fabricated using the PEDOT and the PVP materials. Furthermore, RC filter developed by adopting these capacitors was found to filter signals effectively, both for low and high frequency ranges. Finally, various results regarding the development of the organic thin film transistors using the P3HT semiconductor material were detailed, which include the channel length, the thickness of dielectric layer and the semiconductor layer, etc. The organic thin film transistors were also fabricated on the flexible substrates by using newly developed inkjet printing platform. The mobility obtained is as high as 4.41×10-2cm2/V∙s and the on/off ratio reaches 103. It is the first transistor fabricated completely by using the “all-inkjet printing” and “all-polymer” up to date. Experimental data obtained confirms the performance of an inverter made by P3HT OTFT.

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(10725198), Yi Yang. "Electromechanical Characterization of Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Generalized Solid-State and Fractional Drift-Diffusion Models." Thesis, 2021.

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The miniaturization and thinning of wearable, soft robotics and medical devices are soon to require higher performance modeling as the physical flexibility causes direct impacts on the electrical characteristics of the circuit – changing its behavior. As a representative flexible electronic component, the organic field effect transistor (OFET) has attracted much attention in its manufacturing as well as applications. However, as the strain and stress effects are integrated into multiphysics modelers with deeper interactions, the computational complexity and accuracy of OFET modeling is resurfacing as a limiting bottleneck.

The dissertation was organized into three interrelated studies. In the first study, the Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) model for an inverted staggered thin film transistor (TFT) was proposed to investigate the TFT’s internal stress/strain fields, and the strain effects on the overall characteristics of the TFT. A comparison study with the finite element analysis (FEA) model shows that the MSD model can reduce memory usage and raises the computational convergence speed for rendering the same results as the FEA. The second study developed the generalized solid-state model by incorporating the density of trap states in the band structure of organic semiconductors (OSCs). The introduction of trap states allows the generalized solid-state model to describe the electrical characteristics of both inorganic TFTs and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). It is revealed through experimental verification that the generalized solid-state model can accurately characterize the bending induced electrical properties of an OFET in the linear and saturation regimes. The third study aims to model the transient and steady-state dynamics of an arbitrary organic semiconductor device under mechanical strain. In this study, the fractional drift-diffusion (Fr-DD) model and its computational scheme with high accuracy and high convergence rate were proposed. Based on simulation and experimental validation, the transconductance and output characteristics of a bendable OFET were found to be well determined by the Fr-DD model not only in the linear and saturation regimes, but also in the subthreshold regime.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organic flexible electronics'

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