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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic isocyanates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kirilin, A. D., L. O. Belova, N. I. Kirilina, A. V. Petrogradsky, and N. L. Shembel. "PECULIARITIES OF ISOCYANATES INTERACTION WITH HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES." Fine Chemical Technologies 13, no. 4 (2018): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2018-13-4-39-49.

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The results of studies on chemical transformations of organic and organosilicon isocyanates in their interaction with hydrazine derivatives have been summarized in this review. It is shown that hydrazine and its derivatives including organosilicon compounds reacting with organic isocyanates form corresponding semicarbazides readily enough. The reaction conditions that effect the composition, structure and yield of the resulting target products are presented. A significant difference in the interaction of trimethylsilyl isocyanate with organic and organosilicon derivatives of hydrazine is demon

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2

Abushammala, Hatem, and Jia Mao. "A Review of the Surface Modification of Cellulose and Nanocellulose Using Aliphatic and Aromatic Mono- and Di-Isocyanates." Molecules 24, no. 15 (2019): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152782.

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Nanocellulose has been subjected to a wide range of chemical modifications towards increasing its potential in certain fields of interest. These modifications either modulated the chemistry of the nanocellulose itself or introduced certain functional groups onto its surface, which varied from simple molecules to polymers. Among many, aliphatic and aromatic mono- and di-isocyanates are a group of chemicals that have been used for a century to modify cellulose. Despite only being used recently with nanocellulose, they have shown great potential as surface modifiers and chemical linkers to graft

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3

Han, Young-Sung, Kang-Yeoun Jung, Yong-Joo Kim, Kyoung Koo Baeck, Gang Min Lee, and Soon W. Lee. "Reactivities of zero-valent group 10 complexes toward organic isocyanates: synthesis of metallacycles containing dimeric isocyanate units, isocyanate cyclotrimerization, and computational chemistry." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 39 (2019): 15614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03332g.

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Five-membered metallacycles involving dimeric isocyanate units converted into cyclic tetramers and isocyanurates, depending on the central metal or organic isocyanates, and their synthetic and theoretical studies were carried out.

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4

Lee, Seon Gye, Keun-Young Choi, Yong-Joo Kim, SuJin Park, and Soon W. Lee. "Cyclic tetramers of a five-membered palladacycle based on a head-to-tail-linked isocyanate dimer and their reactivity in cyclotrimerization of isocyanates." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 14 (2015): 6537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00534e.

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Cyclic tetramers of a five-membered palladacycle involving an isocyanate dimer were prepared, and catalytic cyclotrimerization from a palladium zero-compound or a single palladacycle with organic isocyanates was performed.

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5

Mohammed, Issam A., and Govindarajan Sankar. "Synthesis, deblocking and cure reaction studies of secondary alcohol-blocked isocyanates." High Performance Polymers 23, no. 7 (2011): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008311421833.

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A series of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-blocked diisocyanates, based on diisocyanates including 4,4′-methylene di(phenyl isocyanate), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, were prepared and characterized thoroughly by Fourier transform infrared, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis (CHN). The blocking reaction of 1,3-dichloro 2-propanol with aromatic diisocyanates occurs faster than with the aliphatic isocyanates. The deblocking temperature of blocked isocyanates was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning ca

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6

Xiao, Hong, Han X. Xiao, Kurt C. Frisch, and Nelson Malwitz. "Kinetic studies of the reactions between isocyanates and carboxylic acids." High Performance Polymers 6, no. 3 (1994): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/6/3/006.

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Reaction kinetic studies between isocyanates and carboxylic acids were undertaken to evaluate the kinetic parameters. Various isocyanates (phenyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate) and carboxylic acids (acetic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, dimethylbutyric acid and benzoic acid) were used to study the kinetics of the reactions at different temperatures and in different solvents. It was found that these reactions followed the rate law of second-order reaction. From the Arrhenius plot, the activation energies of these reactions were computed.

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7

Balci, Metin. "Acyl Azides: Versatile Compounds in the Synthesis of Various Heterocycles." Synthesis 50, no. 07 (2018): 1373–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589527.

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Carbon–nitrogen bond formation is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry. Various synthetic strategies for the generation of C–N bonds are described in the literature. For example, primary amines can be easily synthesized by the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate, i.e. the Curtis rearrangement, followed by hydrolysis; the Curtius rearrangement has been used extensively. Furthermore, the advantage of the Curtius rearrangement is the isolation of acyl azides as well as the corresponding isocyanates. The isocyanates can be converted into various nitrogen-con

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8

Aguiar, António, António Mariquito, Diogo Gonçalves, Isabel Pinho, and Ana C. Marques. "Biodegradable Microcapsules of Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) as Isocyanate Carriers and the Effect of the Process Parameters." Polymers 15, no. 3 (2023): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030665.

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Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a biodegradable flexible, and tough polymer is herein used, for the first time, to encapsulate and protect isocyanate derivatives. Isocyanates are essential building blocks widely employed in the chemical industry for the production of high-performing materials. Microencapsulation of isocyanates eliminates the risks associated with their direct handling and protects them from moisture. In light of this, and having in mind eco-innovative products and sustainability, we present a straightforward process to encapsulate isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)

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9

Firdous Imran Ali, Firdous Imran Ali, Rabel Shaikh Rabel Shaikh, Ahmed Bari Ahmed Bari, Umair Ahmad Khan Umair Ahmad Khan, and Shoaib Muhammad and Imran Ali Hashmi Shoaib Muhammad and Imran Ali Hashmi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Organogelators Derived from Amide Derivatives of N-acetylglycine." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 1 (2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000720/jcsp/41.01.2019.

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Six new N-acetylglycine amides and bisamides were prepared by reacting N-acetylglycine with different isocyanates including, hexamethylene diisocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene, phenyl isocyanate and 2-naphthyl isocyanate to furnish amides 1-6. The gelation ability of compounds (1-6) was investigated using fourteen different solvents including polar, non-polar organic solvents. Only compound 1 solidified toluene. Characterization of compounds (1-6) was done using spectroscopic methods, HRESI-MS, FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. Th

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10

Chen, Mingkang, Fatu Xie, and Yongping Chen. "Facile Preparation of Isocyanate-Modified Melamine Sponges as Efficient Absorbents for Oil and Organic Solvents." Coatings 13, no. 9 (2023): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091501.

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Hydrophobic melamine sponges were prepared via a facile one-step reaction of three isocyanates (i.e., cyclohexyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, and butyl isocyanate) with hydroxymethyl groups located on the melamine sponge. The modified sponges were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle tester. The results showed that the water contact angle of the modified sponges reached around 140°, and the sponges had a three-dimensional network with high porosity, which can be used as efficient adsorbents to adsorb a va

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11

Marlair, G., F. H. Prager, and H. Sand. "The Behaviour of Commercially Important Di-isocyanates in Fire Conditions Part 1: Toluene Di-isocyanate (TDI)." Cellular Polymers 12, no. 5 (1993): 349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939301200502.

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Several di-isocyanates have become commercially important materials, used as intermediates in the manufacture of a wide variety of polyurethane products, yet little is recorded on their behaviour if involved in fire. This paper describes a series of programmes carried out under the auspices of the International Isocyanate Institute Inc. First, a small scale laboratory investigation of the ignition, heat release, smoke and toxic gas production characteristics of di-isocyanates was carried out. Second, their behaviour in drumstock and pool fires, respectively, was examined, using full-sized samp

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12

White, G. S. J. "Some Applications of Organic isoCyanates." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 70, no. 11 (2008): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1954.tb02005.x.

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13

Holt, Jarle, Trygve Andreassen, Jan M. Bakke, and Anne Fiksdahl. "Nitropyridyl isocyanates." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 42, no. 2 (2005): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570420213.

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14

Breinbauer, Rolf, Marko Kljajic, and Thomas Schlatzer. "Synthesis of 2-Pyrrolidinones by Palladium-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Isocyanates." Synlett 30, no. 05 (2019): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610692.

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Pd/DPEphos catalyzes the [3+2] cycloaddition of various alkyl isocyanates with 2-acetoxymethyl-3-allyltrimethylsilane as a synthetic equivalent of trimethylenemethane (TMM). Taking advantage of 2-acetoxymethyl-3-allyltrimethylsilane acting both as nucleophile as well as electrophile this reaction gives a convenient access to 5-ring lactams with an exocyclic alkene moiety. The formation of the β,γ-unsaturated 2-pyrrolidinones occurs without olefin isomerization and without epimerization of the stereogenic centers. Mechanistic investigations suggest an initial N-allylation of the isocyanate foll

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15

Brown, R. H., P. A. Ellwood, J. A. Groves, and S. M. Robertson. "New Methods for the Determination of Airborne Isocyanates." Cellular Polymers 6, no. 6 (1987): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938700600601.

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Two new methods for the measurement of atmospheric isocyanates are under development to complement the HPLC-electrochemical method currently used by the Health and Safety Executive (Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances, MDHS 25). The first is a general method for total isocyanate groups, in which sampled isocyanates are converted into urethanes by reaction with propanol in a bubbler. After removal of the excess propanol by evaporation, the urethanes are hydrolysed and propanol is released in an amount proportional to the original NCO groups present. The released propanol is de

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16

Szabo, Jan, Kerstin Karger, Nicolas Bucher, and Gerhard Maas. "Derivatives of the triaminoguanidinium ion, 3. Multiple N-functionalization of the triaminoguanidinium ion with isocyanates and isothiocyanates." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (September 24, 2014): 2255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.234.

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1,2,3-Triaminoguanidinium chloride was combined with benzaldehyde and hydratropic aldehyde to furnish the corresponding tris(imines), which were converted into 1,2,3-tris(benzylamino)guanidinium salts by catalytic hydrogenation in the former, and by borane reduction in the latter case. The resulting alkyl-substituted triaminoguanidinium salts underwent a threefold carbamoylation with aryl isocyanates to furnish 1,2,3-tris(ureido)guanidinium salts, while p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate led only to a mono-ureido guanidinium salt. With aryl isothiocyanates, 3-hydrazino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

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17

Selig, Walter S. "Microdetermination of organic isocyanates and isothiocyanates." Microchemical Journal 34, no. 3 (1986): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(86)90131-1.

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18

Trankina, E. S., A. Yu Kazantseva, D. A. Khanin, et al. "Non-Isocyanate Poly(Siloxane-Urethanes) Based on Oligodimethylsiloxanes Containing Aminopropyl and Ethoxy Substituents." Высокомолекулярные соединения С 65, no. 2 (2023): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2308114723700437.

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Environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of crosslinked poly(siloxane-urethanes) avoiding the use of toxic isocyanates has been presented. The synthesis has been performed in two stages: at the first stage, non-isocyanate poly(siloxane-urethanes) have been synthesized via aminolysis of cyclocarbonates (differing in the structure and functionality) with oligomer dimethylsiloxanes bearing aminopropyl and ethoxy substituents, and crosslinked non-isocyanate poly(siloxane-urethanes) have been obtained via hydrolysis of the ethoxy groups with air moisture. According to the TGA data, process

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19

Tieppo, N., P. Redondo, F. Pauzat, O. Parisel, J. C. Guillemin, and Y. Ellinger. "Building formamide and N-substituted formamides from isocyanates on hydrogenated water ices." Astronomy & Astrophysics 695 (March 2025): A133. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450614.

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Context. Many complex organic molecules (COMs) observed in the interstellar medium (ISM) are probably not formed in the gas phase. A large consensus has developed that it could be related to the icy surfaces in this environment. Aims. We investigate the process of building N-substituted formamides in the ISM by successive additions of atomic hydrogen to isocyanates. The key point is to see whether the pre-adsorption of the atomic hydrogen on the ice surface is a driving vector as it is for the formation of CH3OH from CO. Methods. We use quantum numerical simulations, namely density functional

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20

Soni, Jigar Y., Anand Vala, Deepa Parmar, et al. "1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones as Isocyanate Equivalents: Chemoselective Non-Metal-Catalyzed Carboxamidation of Indoles." Synlett 33, no. 07 (2022): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1737338.

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Abstract1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones are known to undergo decarboxylation under thermal conditions followed by Lossen’s rearrangement to give isocyanates. Described herein is the in situ trapping of the isocyanates by indoles to give indole-3-carboxamides in good to excellent yields.

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21

Warm, Aleksander, and Gerald Bernardinelli. "On the Formation of (Sulfonylamino)sulfonyl Isocyanates and (Aryloxy)sulfonyl Isocyanates." Journal of Organic Chemistry 59, no. 13 (1994): 3540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00092a008.

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22

Guduru, Ramakrishna, Anand Vala, Nirali Parmar, Jigar Y. Soni та Sharadsrikar Kotturi. "1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones as Isocyanate Equivalents: An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Quinolinones via β-Keto Amides". Synlett 32, № 20 (2021): 2080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1720889.

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AbstractUnder thermal conditions, 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones are known to undergo decarboxylation followed by Lossen’s rearrangement to yield isocyanates. Described herein is the in situ trapping of the resulting isocyanates with carbon nucleophiles to synthesize β-keto amides. Furthermore, a general and mild method for the conversion of the resulting β-keto amides into quinolin-2-ones is reported.

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23

Jones, R. "Cross-linking organic coatings with blocked isocyanates." Transactions of the IMF 86, no. 2 (2008): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591908x264464.

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24

Butov, G. M., V. V. Pershin, and V. V. Burmistrov. "Reaction of 1,3-dehydroadamantane with organic isocyanates." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 47, no. 4 (2011): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428011040221.

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25

Braunstein, Pierre, and Dominique Nobel. "Transition-metal-mediated reactions of organic isocyanates." Chemical Reviews 89, no. 8 (1989): 1927–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00098a013.

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26

Balfour, Walter J., Scott G. Fougère, Dieter Klapstein, and Werner M. Nau. "Vibrational spectra of acetyl isocyanate and mono-, di- and trichloroacetyl isocyanates." Journal of Molecular Structure 299 (October 1993): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(93)80280-9.

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27

Huang, Dayun, and Guobing Yan. "Recent advances in reactions of aryl sulfonyl isocyanates." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 8 (2017): 1753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob02720b.

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28

Ligterink, N. F. W., J. Terwisscha van Scheltinga, V. Kofman, et al. "The formation of the building blocks of peptides on interstellar dust grains." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S350 (2019): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320000010.

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AbstractThe emergence of life on Earth may have its origin in organic molecules formed in the interstellar medium. Molecules with amide and isocyanate groups resemble structures found in peptides and nucleobases and are necessary for their formation. Their formation is expected to take place in the solid state, on icy dust grains, and is studied here by far-UV irradiating a CH4:HNCO mixture at 20 K in the laboratory. Reaction products are detected by means of infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption - mass spectrometry. Various simple amides and isocyanates are formed, showi

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29

Yang, Yan, Mathew D. Anker, Jian Fang, et al. "Hydrodeoxygenation of isocyanates: snapshots of a magnesium-mediated CO bond cleavage." Chemical Science 8, no. 5 (2017): 3529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc00117g.

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30

Kalaimani, S., B. Mohamad Ali, and A. Sultan Nasar. "Successful synthesis of blocked polyisocyanates, using easily cleavable phenols as blocking agents, and their deblocking and cure studies." RSC Advances 6, no. 108 (2016): 106990–7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24409b.

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31

Lamberth, Clemens. "Organic Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates: Versatile Intermediates in Agrochemistry." Synthesis 54, no. 05 (2021): 1250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1678-8528.

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AbstractIn recent decades, organic isocyanates and isothiocyanates have been often applied as reactive intermediates in research syntheses or manufacturing routes of many agrochemicals. These heterocumulenes allowed the installation of crucial carboxylic functions, such as carbamates, ureas, and semicarbazones, but have also been used for the construction of five- and six-membered heterocycles, such as tetrazolones, thiazoles, and uracils.1 Introduction2 Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Functions3 Preparation of Heterocyclic Rings4 Conclusion

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32

Li, Xuefeng, Zhenhua Zhang, Jiyao Feng, and Zhen Zhang. "Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Azides and Mechanistic Studies." Synlett 31, no. 11 (2020): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690859.

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Isocyanates are widely applied in the fields of materials science, drug discovery and chemical industry processes. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of azides with carbon monoxide (CO) is reported as a powerful method for simple and efficient access to isocyanates, which are important precursors for preparing structurally meaningful urea, carbamate and amidine derivatives. In this account, we provide an overview on the synthesis of isocyanates and their subsequent reactions to obtain diverse nucleophilic addition products. In addition, with particular emphasis on our mechanistic studies of the

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33

Chen, Anji, Dan Wang, Lalith P. Samankumara, and Guijun Wang. "Synthesis of Sterically Congested Carbamates of Carbohydrates through Organic Base Catalysis." Synthesis 51, no. 15 (2019): 2897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612425.

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4,6-O-Benzylidene acetal protected α-methoxy d-glucose and d-glucosamine are useful building blocks for the syntheses of carbohydrate derivatives and functional molecular assemblies. In this research, we have developed a general method for the preparation of C-3 carbamate derivatives of densely functionalized glucose and glucosamine with isocyanates using organic bases as catalysts. Without a suitable catalyst, the C-3 hydroxy group of the glucosamine derivative could not be converted into the corresponding carbamates when treated with isocyanates. Several organic bases were screened as the ca

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34

Parrinello, Giovanni, and Rolf Muelhaupt. "Reaction of cyclic aminals with isocyanates." Journal of Organic Chemistry 55, no. 6 (1990): 1772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00293a020.

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35

Qarah, Ahmad F., Mark N. Schaeff, and Douglas A. Klumpp. "Electrophilic Carboxamidation of Ferrocenes with Isocyanates." Journal of Organic Chemistry 82, no. 19 (2017): 10623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b01347.

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36

Wicks, Douglas A., and Zeno W. Wicks. "Blocked isocyanates III." Progress in Organic Coatings 41, no. 1-3 (2001): 1–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9440(00)00164-8.

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37

Carramiñana, Victor, Ana M. Ochoa de Retana, Francisco Palacios, and Jesús M. de los Santos. "Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Phosphorus Substituted 4-Cyanooxazolines, 2-Aminocyanooxazolines, 2-Iminocyanooxazolidines and 2-Aminocyanothiazolines by Rearrangement of Cyanoaziridines." Molecules 26, no. 14 (2021): 4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144265.

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Several phosphorus-substituted N-acylated cyanoaziridines 2 and N-carbamoylated cyanoziridines 5 were prepared in good to high yields. N-Acylated cyanoaziridines 2 were used, after ring expansion, in an efficient synthesis of oxazoline derivative 3a and in a completely regio-controlled reaction in the presence of NaI. Conversely, N-carbamoyl cyanoaziridines 5 reacted with NaI to obtain a regioisomeric mixture of 2-aminocyanooxazolines 7. Mild acidic conditions can be used for the isomerization of N-thiocarbamoyl cyanoaziridine 6a into a 2-aminocyanothiazoline derivative 8a by using BF3·OEt2 as

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38

Hudlicky, Tomas, Daler Baidilov, Mariia Makarova, and Lukas Rycek. "Preparation of Rearranged Allylic Isocyanates from the Reaction of Allylic Alcohols with 1-Cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium Bromide." Synthesis 50, no. 23 (2018): 4606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610659.

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39

Mormann, Werner, and Axel Grimm. "Polymers from multifunctional isocyanates 14. Alternating copolymers from isocyanato alkenes: Copolymerization of 2-propenyl isocyanate with trimethylsilyl methacrylate as electron acceptor monomer." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36, no. 4 (1998): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(199803)36:4<611::aid-pola10>3.0.co;2-p.

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40

Fields, Steven M., Hans-Joerg Grether, and Karl Grolimund. "Analysis of organic isocyanates using capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 472 (January 1989): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94105-0.

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41

Härling, Stephan, Julia Greiser, Tareq M. A. Al-Shboul, Helmar Görls, Sven Krieck, and Matthias Westerhausen. "Calcium-mediated Hydrophosphorylation of Organic Isocyanates with Diphenylphosphane Oxide." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 10 (2013): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13259.

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The calcium-mediated addition of diphenylphosphane oxide to organic isocyanates and isothiocyanates yields N-alkyl and N-aryl substituted diphenylphosphorylformamides (E = O, R = iPr, tBu, cHex, Ph, C6H4-4-Br, C6H2-2,4,6-Me3, and Naph) and -thioformamides (E = S, R = iPr, cHex, Ph, and C6H4-4-Me), respectively, of the type Ph2P(O)–C(E)–N(H)R. All derivatives were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction experiments. The wavenumbers of the N–H stretching modes are smaller for the thio analogues and N-aryl substituents. In the solid state all formamides and thioforma

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42

Butov, G. M., V. V. Pershin, and V. V. Burmistrov. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,3-Dehydroadamantane with Organic Isocyanates." ChemInform 42, no. 40 (2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201140057.

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43

Boyer, Joseph H., and Thanikavelu Manimaran. "Isocyanates from Alkyl and Aralkyl Halides." Synthesis 1987, no. 10 (1987): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1987-28116.

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44

Csécsi, Marcell Dániel, Virág Kondor, Edina Reizer, et al. "Theoretical and Experimental Study on Carbodiimide Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14 (2024): 7991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147991.

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Carbodiimides are important crosslinkers in organic synthesis and are used in the isocyanate industry as modifier additives. Therefore, the understanding of their formation is of high importance. In this work, we present a theoretical B3LYP/6-31G(d) and SMD solvent model and experimental investigation of the formation of diphenylcarbodiimide (CDI) from phenyl isocyanate using a phosphorus-based catalyst (MPPO) in ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) solvent. Kinetic experiments were based on the volumetric quantitation of CO2 evolved, at different temperatures between 40 and 80 °C. Based on DFT calcul

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45

Donovan, Richard, and Greg Roos. "Homochiral Activated Isocyanates as Chiral Derivatizing Agents." Synthetic Communications 26, no. 24 (1996): 4603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919608004785.

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Vostokov, I. A., L. V. Vasyaeva, G. A. Maricheva, and E. P. Trub. "Reaction of isocyanates with pyrazol-5-ones." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 26, no. 8 (1990): 884–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00480862.

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South, Michael S. "Synthesis and reactions of halogenated thiazole isocyanates." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 28, no. 4 (1991): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570280429.

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Holt, Jarle, and Anne Fiksdahl. "Nitropyridyl isocyanates in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 44, no. 2 (2007): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570440215.

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Wang, Xiaoxia, Zhiyun Zhong, Lichun Kong, and Xiangming Zhu. "Trapping of Isocyanates with Benzotriazole in situ - Preparation of Carbamoyl Benzotriazoles as an Isocyanate Alternative via Curtius Rearrangement." Synlett 2009, no. 15 (2009): 2461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1217820.

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Zhu, Junli, Cancan Dai, Mengyue Ma, Yanni Yue та Xinyuan Fan. "Visible light-mediated cross-coupling of electrophiles: synthesis of α-amino amides from isocyanates and ketimines". Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, № 6 (2021): 1227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo01620a.

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Cross-couplings between the electrophilic ketimines and isocyanates are achieved via the visible light-mediated reactivity inversion of the ketimines, affording the desired α-amino amides in high yields, with both metal and metal-free systems.

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