Journal articles: 'Organic Light-emitting diode (OLED)'

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Hande, Savithri, and Prajna K B. "Survey on Organic Light Emitting Diode." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 2, 2020): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun492.

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Organic light emitting diodes is a new display technology, which uses organic thin materials that are placed between conductors. When an electric current is applied, a bright light is emitted. OLEDs are thin, transparent, flexible, foldable displays. In 1987 researchers of Eastman Kodak company invented OLED diode technology. The principal inventors were Chemists Ching W. Tang and Steven Van Slyke. In 2001 they received an Industrial Innovation Award from the American Chemical Society for their contribution in organic light emitting diodes. In 2003, Kodak realised its first OLED display had 512 by 218 pixels, 2.2 inch. Two technologies necessary to make flexible OLEDs were invented by Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Department of Energy. Many researchers are contributing to improve the OLED technology. In this paper we give a brief of what is OLED, types of OLED, different fabrication methods of OLED, advantages and disadvantages of OLED.

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Khoerun, Bobi, and Arief Udhiarto. "PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU LAMINATING, WAKTU ULTRASONIC CLEANING, KECEPATAN ROTASI SPIN COATING TERHADAP KARAKTERISASI ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED)." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31884/jtt.v5i2.205.

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Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) merupakan divais fotonik yang tersusun dari katoda sebagai sisi negatif, anoda sebagai sisi positif, dan sebuah lapisan emissive dari bahan organik yang dapat memancarkan cahaya ketika penghantar diberi arus listrik. Karakteristik arus yang dibutuhkan harus sesuai dengan karakteristik tahanan sehingga dapat menghasilkan fabrikasi OLED yang optimal. Teknik laminasi merupakan salah satu teknik yang digunakan dalam pembuatan Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) dengan cara menempatkan struktur OLED pada plastik laminasi. Tahun 2015, Adnan Fatahillah Afiff [1] memfabrikasi Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) menggunakan teknik laminasi tetapi hasil fabrikasi belum dapat memancarkan cahaya. Ada beberapa hal yang mempengaruhi karakterisasi OLED saat fabrikasi yaitu suhu laminating, waktu ultrasonic cleaning, dan kecepatan rotasi spin coating. Ketiga faktor tersebut akan mempengaruhi karakteristik arus yang dihasilkan dan dapat memaksimalkan fabrikasi OLED. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian terkait pengaruh ketiga faktor tersebut terhadap karakteristik arus listrik pada OLED. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan teknik laminasi dan memvariasikan waktu ultrasonic cleaning, kecepatan rotasi spin coating, dan suhu laminating. Arus listrik yang mengalir pada Organic Light Emitting Diode OLED dapat mencapai nilai paling tinggi pada saat waktu ultrasonic cleaning selama 15 menit, suhu laminating sebesar 130o C, dan kecepatan rotasi spin coating 4500 rpm.

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Kim, Taekyung, Kyung Hyung Lee, and Jun Yeob Lee. "Superb lifetime of blue organic light-emitting diodes through engineering interface carrier blocking layers and adjusting electron leakage and an unusual efficiency variation at low electric field." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 31 (2018): 8472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02286k.

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An extremely long lifetime blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was developed through managing the electron density and an S-shaped variation of efficiency in blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) using carrier blocking layers and systematically analyzed in conjunction with the efficiency–lifetime interrelationship.

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Wang, Ai. "The Design and Progress of Organic Light-Emitting Diode." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3776.

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Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is one of the main lighting devices and can be used as mobile phone screens, so its performance enhancement is worthy of an in-depth study. This paper discusses three types of devices with different light emitting principles in the history of OLED development in chronological order and their performances, as well as ways to enhance their external quantum efficiency (EQE). For fluorescent, phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) OLEDs, adding additional layers and doping are effective means of improving the performance. For fluorescent OLED, the EQE can be increased up to 11.5% by adding an efficiency enhancement layer and doping the emitting layer with a new blue dopant with a higher orientation coefficient. For phosphorescent OLED, a hole transport layer is utilized to block excitons within the FIrpic-doped emissive layer leading to an EQE of 16.7%. For TADF OLED, the soluble doped TADF OLEDs is helpful at improving the quantum efficiency up to 18.3%. This paper looks forward to the maturation of these strategies and their practical application, and the identification of more technologies that can enhance the performance of OLED devices to help make it more usable.

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YAMAGUCHI, Hajime, Kentaro MIURA, and Tomomasa UEDA. "Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Display." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 132, no. 2 (2012): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.132.77.

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POLOȘAN, Silviu. "ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED)." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Physics and Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2023): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarsciphyschem.2023.1.46.

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"Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) now reach the third phase concerning efficiency. The first devices are based on pure organic materials, and the second and third generations are based on combinations between metals and organic ligands in so- called organometallics for which their emission external quantum efficiency is increased. The second generation is now widely used in large displays reaching high efficiency because of the spin-orbit coupling between metal and their ligands, which induces intersystem crossing processes. The third generation of OLED comprises an increased external quantum efficiency obtained by adequately choosing the ligands, reaching a theoretical value of 100%. These OLEDs will be briefly described with their advantages and the technologies necessary for next-generation displays."

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Zhou, Yan, Lin Ding, Li-Ming Xiang, and Jian Pei. "Covalent Functionalized Conjugated Dendrimers for Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Deep Blue Electroluminescence." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 2 (2011): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10320.

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Two deep blue-emitting dendrimers 11 and 12 with carbazole containing dendrons were developed in this contribution. The carbazole-containing units were introduced to tune the charge-transporting property of the desired dendrimers. The investigation of photophysical properties, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties demonstrated that the balance between electron and hole transporting was achieved from both dendrimers. The preliminary organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabrication achieved a pure blue colour with stable CIE chromaticity coordinates (X: 0.15–0.16, Y: 0.09–0.10) for 11 and 12. Single layer deep blue emitting diode devices with higher efficiency are achieved without the colour changing. The investigation of OLED performance indicates that dendrimers 11 and 12 are promising light-emitting materials with pure blue colour and good colour stability for OLEDs.

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Rahman, Nurul Hafizah A., Azrif Manut, and Mohamad Rusop. "Review on Electroluminescence Behaviour of Organic Light Emitting Diode." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.455.

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In this paper report a review on electroluminescent efficiency using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complex as an electron blocking layer (EBL) material in emitting organic light emitting diode (OLED). The resulting called BioLED showed a high luminous efficiency. The DNA-based BioLED was as much more efficient and brighter than their OLED counterparts. It is found the effect of EBL is to increase the device turn-on voltage for OLED structure. This is attributed to the fact that the DNA complex increases the series resistance of the device which is turn reduces the current through the device.

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Lee, Soon-Seok. "Parameter Analysis of an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED)." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 53, no. 2 (August 14, 2008): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.53.840.

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Cole, Cameron M., Susanna V. Kunz, Paul E. Shaw, Nico-Patrick Thoebes, Thomas Baumann, Eva Blasco, James P. Blinco, Prashant Sonar, Christopher Barner-Kowollik, and Soniya D. Yambem. "A printable thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymer light emitting diode." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 37 (2020): 13001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02735a.

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Yadav, Rohit Ashok Kumar, Deepak Kumar Dubey, Sun-Zen Chen, Sujith Sudheendran Swayamprabha, Tzu-Wei Liang, and Jwo-Huei Jou. "Effect of dielectric character of electron transporting materials on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes." MRS Advances 3, no. 59 (2018): 3445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.365.

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AbstractOrganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have progressively attracted generous attention because of their versatile applications in solid state lighting and full color displays. High-efficiency is crucial for OLED devices being energy saving and to have a longer lifespan. Numerous approaches have been attempted to attain high-efficiency OLEDs via newly synthesized organic materials, light-extraction structure design and energy-efficient device architectures. The organic materials used in optoelectronic devices have inherently low dielectric constant. In this work, we demonstrate a comprehensive model to quantitatively investigate the role of dielectric constant of the electron transporting material on the electric field distribution, charge drift and exciton recombination probability across the emissive layer (EML) and electron transport layer (ETL) in organic light-emitting diode via commercialized electrical simulation package SETFOS.

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Lei, Buyu, Ruowei Li, Jingyao Wu, and Ran Yan. "Applications and Future Developments of Flexible Organic Light-emitting Diode." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2194, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2194/1/012021.

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Abstract With the rapid development of display technology, human beings have more and more stringent requirements for display products, e.g., their light weight, thinness, flexible performances, and versatility. Contemporarily, the flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology and its derived multi-layer structure tend to be wearable, light, and responsive in a short time. Although flexible OLED technology is popular, there are still many problems that needs to be addressed, e.g., new raw materials, rough flexible substrate, and low efficiency in workmanship, resulting in poor luminescence, rough and inflexible products. In this paper, a new type of flexible fiber display system is proposed by combining OLED with conductive optical fiber. This paper comprehensively introduces the mechanism, manufacturing technology and structure of this new type of flexible OLED. It covers various scopes like Internet information communication, real-time positioning, and medical assistance, etc. Despite some challenges and limitations, this product possesses a variety of advantages in terms of its convenience and flexibility, which makes the exploitation of a large range of applications probable. Therefore, it is highly expected that these promising prospects of development will stimulate the further progress in display fabrication, which helps to facilitate people’s lives in the future. These results shed light on the significance of developments of flexible OLED technology.

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Cossari, Pierluigi, Marco Pugliese, Salvatore Gambino, Alessandro Cannavale, Vincenzo Maiorano, Giuseppe Gigli, and Marco Mazzeo. "Fully integrated electrochromic-OLED devices for highly transparent smart glasses." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 27 (2018): 7274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01665h.

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Kim, Kukjoo, Gyeomuk Kim, Bo Ram Lee, Sangyoon Ji, So-Yun Kim, Byeong Wan An, Myoung Hoon Song, and Jang-Ung Park. "High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing of small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes." Nanoscale 7, no. 32 (2015): 13410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03034j.

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Liu, Jing-Feng, Sheng-Nan Zou, Xing Chen, Sheng-Yi Yang, You-Jun Yu, Man-Keung Fung, Zuo-Quan Jiang, and Liang-Sheng Liao. "Isomeric thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on a quinolino[3,2,1-de]acridine-5,9-dione multiple resonance core and carbazole substituent." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 7 (2022): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qm01588e.

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Xin, Jianhui, Peifu Sun, Feng Zhu, Yue Wang, and Donghang Yan. "Doped crystalline thin-film deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 7 (2021): 2236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05934j.

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A doped crystalline thin-film deep-blue organic light-emitting diode (C-OLED) with high photon output and a low driving voltage is created through employing highly ordered and high-mobility organic semiconductor layers.

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Kim, Dongmin, Tomoyuki Yokota, Toshiki Suzuki, Sunghoon Lee, Taeseong Woo, Wakako Yukita, Mari Koizumi, et al. "Ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes for optogenetic nerve stimulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 35 (August 19, 2020): 21138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007395117.

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Organic electronic devices implemented on flexible thin films are attracting increased attention for biomedical applications because they possess extraordinary conformity to curved surfaces. A neuronal device equipped with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), used in combination with animals that are genetically engineered to include a light-gated ion channel, would enable cell type-specific stimulation to neurons as well as conformal contact to brain tissue and peripheral soft tissue. This potential application of the OLEDs requires strong luminescence, well over the neuronal excitation threshold in addition to flexibility. Compatibility with neuroimaging techniques such as MRI provides a method to investigate the evoked activities in the whole brain. Here, we developed an ultrathin, flexible, MRI-compatible OLED device and demonstrated the activation of channelrhodopsin-2–expressing neurons in animals. Optical stimulation from the OLED attached to nerve fibers induced contractions in the innervated muscles. Mechanical damage to the tissues was significantly reduced because of the flexibility. Owing to the MRI compatibility, neuronal activities induced by direct optical stimulation of the brain were visualized using MRI. The OLED provides an optical interface for modulating the activity of soft neuronal tissues.

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Chiu, Chien-Liang, Meng-Syun Lin, and Yi-Chen Wu. "Hermetic Seal of Organic Light Emitting Diode with Glass Frit." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010076.

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The components of OLED encapsulation with hermetic sealing and a 1026-day lifetime were measured by PXI-1033. The optimal characteristics were obtained when the thickness of the TPBi layer was 20 nm. This OLED obtained a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 25,849 cd/m2 at a current density of 1242 mA/cm2, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.28%, a current efficiency (CE) of 7.20 cd/A, and a power efficiency (PE) of 5.28 lm/W. The efficiency was enhanced by Lmax 17.2%/EQE 0.89%/CE 42.1%/PE 41.9%. The CIE coordinates of 0.32, 0.54 were all green OLED elements with wavelengths of 532 nm. The shear strain and leakage test gave results of 16 kgf and 8.92 × 10−9 mbar/s, respectively. The reliability test showed that the standard of MIL-STD-883 was obtained.

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Son, Jongchan, Hyun-Taek Oh, O. Jun Kwon, Jong-Min Lim, Heeyoung Jung, Byung Jun Jung, Do-Hoon Hwang, et al. "Highly soluble fluorous alkyl ether-tagged imaging materials for the photo-patterning of organic light-emitting devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 4 (2017): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04111f.

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ELİK, Mustafa. "Chemical Reactivities and Organic Light-emitting Diode Properties of some Polyaromatic Molecules." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 44, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1252908.

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High-performance organic-light emitting diode (OLED) display panels have been very popular lately due to their many advantages compared to liquid-crystal display (LCD) and light-emitting diode (LED) panels. It is also well known that the materials used in OLED panels are important in determining OLED performance. Starting with the selection of materials which have rich π-electrons will be a good start for the design of high-performance OLED materials. For this aim, the OLED properties of some cyclic aromatic structures with rich π-electrons such as 2,2ꞌ-bi-1,6-naphthyridine (BNP), 1,6-bis(4ꞌ-pyridine)-2,5-diazahexane (BPDH), 3,3ꞌ-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-yl]biphenyl (BPPB), 5,5ꞌ-dicyano-2,2ꞌ-bipyridine (DCBP), 2,2ꞌ-dimethyl-4,4ꞌ-bipyrimidine (DMBP), and 4ꞌ-phenyl-2,2ꞌ:6ꞌ2ꞌꞌterpyridine (Ph-TERPY) were theoretically analyzed using computational chemistry tools. The calculations of monomeric and dimeric structures of mentioned molecules were carried out at B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/TZP levels, respectively. The OLED properties of the investigated compound were explained by means of OLED parameters such as the reorganization energies, adiabatic-vertical ionization potentials and adiabatic-vertical electron affinities, the effective transfer integrals, and the charge transfer ratios. In the light of computational chemistry, it is indicated that these studied molecules will be utilized in which layers of OLED device. In addition to OLED analysis, in the light of the calculated reactivity descriptors, the chemical reactivities of the studied molecules were discussed.

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Łuka, Grzegorz, Dmytro Volyniuk, Ausra Tomkeviciene, Jurate Simokaitiene, Juozas V. Grazulevicius, Pavlo Stakhira, Vladyslav Cherpak, et al. "Carbazole Derivative Based Near Ultraviolet Organic Light Emitting Diode with ZnMgO:Al Anode Layer." Solid State Phenomena 200 (April 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.200.45.

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We demonstrate the fabrication and properties of an near ultraviolet organic light emitting diode (UV OLED) that contains 2,7-di(9-carbazolyl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole organic emitting layer and aluminum-doped magnesium zinc oxide (ZnMgO:Al) layer as transparent electrode. The obtained ZnMgO:Al layer is transparent for the wavelengths longer than 325 nm and has low resistivity of the order of 10-3 Ωcm. The UV OLED device turns on at the applied voltage of 9 V.

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BARYLO, HRYHORII, IGOR HELZHYNSKYY, ROMAN HOLYAKA, TETIANA MARUSENKOVA, and MYKOLA KHILCHUK. "EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE CONVERTER OF ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (May 2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-151-155.

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The work is dealing with the problem of developing an embedded system for supply voltage converter of Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) with advanced built-in ability to measure the volt-ampere (I – V) characteristics of structures directly during their operation. This feature is crucial in the development of a new generation of intelligent OLED controllers, which in relation to known solutions, are characterized by reduced power consumption and increased speed of periodic or continuous measurement of the I – V characteristics of OLED structures. On the basis of such measurement the drift of characteristics of OLED structures in the course of their operation is carried out, and therefore, the possibility of operative correction of their power modes is provided. The measurement of I – V characteristics of OLED structures is performed on the transients of voltage generation in the boost circuits of the drivers. To meet the requirements for such measurements, the parameters of the transient pulses must meet certain criteria. The pulse amplitude should be sufficient to scan the I – V characteristics of OLED structures in the whole range of their possible operation, and the shape and rise time should be optimal from the point of view of further detection of these I – V patterns, in particular, regarding their drift in temperature modulation or OLED structure degradation. In a number of tasks scanning and measurement of I – V characteristics should be fast enough to prevent heating, but acceptable for high-precision analog-to-digital conversion. The parameters of the pulses provide the ability to measure the thermal parameters of thermal resistance and its dependence on the duration of heating. The controller is implemented on the basis of programmable systems on the chip, namely on the PSoC 5LP.

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Yao, Bohong. "Applications of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (December 30, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.3642.

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Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) materials have been widely applied in many fields, among which phosphorescent OLED materials have more and more attention due to their luminescence efficiency and performance. At present, the luminescence layer of many OLED devices adopts phosphorescent materials as the main body to achieve a better visual experience for users. The research and development of blue electrophosphorescent materials are not mature enough. The two big aspects including color purity and the service life are major problems, and many researchers are now working on research methods of conquering the blue phosphorescent OLED materials shortage. In this article, fluorescent and phosphorescent OLED materials have been mentioned. The applications and branches of phosphorescent OLED materials are described. The article also analyzes the shortcomings of phosphorescent OLED and explained the reasons, mainly thermal activation delay fluorescence (TADF). Its purpose is to reduce the expensiveness of phosphorescent OLED materials. Meanwhile, the luminescence efficiency of fluorescent materials can be greatly improved. Additionally, the basic principles of luminescent OLED materials and the applications of phosphorescent OLED materials are also illustrated, including the prospect of blue phosphorescent OLED materials.

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Kagatikar, Sneha, and Dhanya Sunil. "Schiff Bases and Their Complexes in Organic Light Emitting Diode Application." Journal of Electronic Materials 50, no. 12 (October 10, 2021): 6708–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09197-9.

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AbstractOptoelectronics is an active area of research and, for few decades, development of different semiconducting materials with a wide emission window has attracted researchers. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are primarily utilized in displays and light sources that greatly contribute towards the conservation of energy and do not need a backlight for displays. Development in device efficiency, lifetime and stability is now a major concern in this particular application, and designing efficient material for OLEDs has been an active field of research for decades. Metal-organic compounds possess different optical and electronic properties due to metal and organic ligand interactions which are primarily used in OLEDs. This review is mainly focused on the Schiff bases and their metal chelates as a pure emitting layer or as a dopant material for the fabrication of R/G/B/white emitting devices. Moreover, future prospects to explore further to advance research in the OLED arena are also discussed. Graphic Abstract

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Kim, Taehwan, Jared S. Price, Alex Grede, Sora Lee, Gihoon Choi, Weihua Guan, Thomas N. Jackson, and Noel C. Giebink. "Kirigami-Inspired 3D Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Lighting Concepts." Advanced Materials Technologies 3, no. 7 (June 12, 2018): 1800067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800067.

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Chu, Chun-Chieh, Yuan-Zhen Zhuang, Chia-Hsun Chen, Chen-Chum Chu, Bo-Yen Lin, Han-Kang Liu, Yung-Cheng Tsai, et al. "P‐123: Double Emitting Layer Structure for high efficiency and ultra‐stable blue Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation OLED." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (June 2023): 1312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16822.

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By using the double emitting layer (DEML) structure in a blue triplet‐triplet annihilation organic light‐emitting diode (TTA‐OLED), maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 16.1% with CIE coordinates of (0.135, 0.188) and half‐lifetime of 224,000 hours at initial luminance of 1,000 cd/m2was achieved. The degradation mechanism of TTA‐OLEDs was also investigated by conducting photoluminescence degradation experiment.

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Gopalakrishnan, N., Subramaniam Gowrishankar, T. R. Devidas, and L. Balakrishnan. "Optimization of Anodic Layer and Fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diode." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1348.

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Ga doped ZnO (GZO) films of different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mol%) have been deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The grown layers at room temperature have been subjected to structural, optical and electrical characterization. It has been found that 2 mol% Ga doped ZnO has best structural, optical and electrical properties which has been used as anode layer for the fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). The Zn0.98Ga0.02O film was then deposited at a lower working pressure of 0.015 mbar to obtain a good carrier concentration. The OLED structure has been fabricated with best GZO as anode layer, [N, N*-Diphenyl N, N*-Di-p-Tolylbenzene-1] as hole emitting layer and (Alq3) as electron transport layer. The fabricated OLED device has been subjected to current-voltage characteristics.

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Barylo, G. I., R. L. Holiyka, I. I. Helzhynskyi, Z. Yu Hotra, M. S. Ivakh, and R. L. Politanskyi. "Modeling of organic light emitting structures." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.3.519-524.

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The paper has been shown the results of the study of the parameters of organic light-emitting structures based on the SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) model studies. A SPICE model of diode structure has been developed, which is implemented in the form of a substitution scheme based on the basic components of the simulator. This model can be extended by introducing additional components of the substitution scheme, which provides higher accuracy in representing the structure specifics. Graphical results of researches of the model of OLED structure at the change of internal parameters have been presented. The obtained data well represent the parameters of real structures and are characterized by a fairly effective adaptation to the experimental data of specific samples.

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Pan, Saihu, Suhao Hu, and Bin Wei. "Research on the High Light Out-Coupling Efficiency Deep-Blue Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diode through FDTD Optical Simulation." Nanomaterials 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2023): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13071282.

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We have studied high light out-coupling efficiency top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) under the guidance of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. TOLED achieves an extraordinarily high light extraction efficiency at 468 nm, in deep-blue regions, of 49.70%, which is approximately 3.5 times that of the bottom light-emitting diode (BOLED) by changing the thickness of the organic layer and the position of the light-emitting layer in the FDTD simulation. Based on the simulation results, the TOLED with ultrahigh efficiency and narrow full width at half maximum is successfully fabricated, and the maximum external quantum efficiency of TOLED is almost 3.3 times that of the BOLED, which is perfectly consistent with the FDTD simulation results. Meanwhile, the shift of the electroluminescence spectrum of the TOLED is restricted within 10° in the angular-dependence test (0° to 80°). The optimized performance of the OLED indicates a new method to develop a high-performance device under the guidance of simulation.

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Dai, Yanfeng, Hongmei Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yipeng Liu, Jiangshan Chen, and Dongge Ma. "Highly efficient and stable tandem organic light-emitting devices based on HAT-CN/HAT-CN:TAPC/TAPC as a charge generation layer." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 26 (2015): 6809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02875a.

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We demonstrated an effective charge-generation layer (CGL) composition consisting of three layers: an organic acceptor material HAT-CN, HAT-CN blended with an organic donor material TAPC and TAPC, to fabricate a high efficiency tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

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Chaya, B. M., Prasant Kumar Pattnaik, and K. Narayan. "Modeling and Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Diode with Thin Film Anti-Reflective Coatings." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2751.

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The effects of anti-reflective coatings (ARC) on organic light emitting diode (OLED) optical characteristics are reported in this paper. The light output produced from the OLED is not 100%. But the emitted light is trapped due to various Modes. The losses at the glass air substrate interfaces of an OLED are addressed in this work. The Anti-Reflective coatings increase the light output by reducing OLED reflections at the interface between glass and air. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and the Fresnel theory have been used to design the device and study the effects on OLED of the Single Layer Anti-Reflective Coating (SLAR) and Double Layer Anti-Reflective Coating (DLAR). The thicknesses and refractive indices of the layers of the anti-reflective coatings were optimized. We also compared the light out coupling power efficiency of the SLAR coated OLED with that of an OLED with a DLAR coating and also with Conventional OLED. The results show that the enhancement in light output efficiency of the DLAR coated OLED was slightly higher than that of the SLAR coated OLED.

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Arsoski, V., R. M. Ramović, and Milesa Srećković. "Optical Properties of Simple Bilayer Polymer Light Emitting Diode." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.387.

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Optical properties of bilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on MEH-PPV (2-methoxy, 5-(2′-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) and Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato) aluminum) are investigated in this paper. Numerical method solving 1D model based on driftdiffusion, continuity and Poisson`s equations extended by boundary conditions in treatment of internal organic interface is applied. The obtained space charge densities were employed in the emissive singlet exciton continuity equation resulting in the singlet exciton distribution and the emission zone profile. Dipole methods were utilized for the simulation of light emission in a layered medium. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of OLED are considered by taking into account dominant interference effects. The exciton quenching near electrodes, allowing for a dominant nonradiative decay, is treated through effective emission zone narrowing.

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Kang, Ruidan, Jiajin Li, Xiaojun Teng, Boyan Lv, and Cangzhi Wu. "P‐45: An Evaluation Method of Moving Picture Response Time for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Motion Blur." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (June 2023): 1682–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16922.

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The motion image quality of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) degrades by motion blur due to the hold‐type display. Moving picture response time (MPRT) is a representative index to evaluate the performance of the moving image. A method is proposed to evaluate the motion blur of OLED display.

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Ono, Sotaro, Satoshi Usui, Seong-Ho Kim, Kuniaki Tanaka, Rigoberto C. Advincula, and Hiroaki Usui. "Effect of Reactive Self-Assembled Monolayer at the Anode Interface of Organic Light-Emitting Diode." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12314.

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Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were prepared on indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates that were modified with various self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) including those which have reactive terminal units. The OLED performance was analyzed in terms of molecular length, dipole moment and HOMO level of SAM molecules estimated by the density functional theory calculation. It was suggested that the current efficiency of OLED is partly improved by controlling the carrier balance, interfacial dipole moment, and electron energy level by SAM modification. More importantly, remarkable improvement in OLED efficiency was achieved by chemically tethering the inorganic/organic interface via benzophenone-terminated SAM. The reactive SAM having benzophenone terminal group can be a promising tool to control the inorganic/organic interface for organic devices.

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Kang, Ruidan, Jiajin Li, Xiaojun Teng, Boyan Lv, and Cangzhi Wu. "57.1: Research on Moving Picture Response Time of Organic Light‐emitting Diode." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (April 2023): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16322.

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The motion image quality of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) degrades by motion blur due to the hold‐type display. Moving picture response time (MPRT) is a representative index to evaluate the performance of the moving image. A method based on high speed camera is introduced to evaluate the motion blur of OLED display. We explored the influence of exposure time of high speed camera on MPRT evaluation.

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SUN, DALI, TEK P. BASEL, BHOJ R. GAUTAM, WEI HAN, XIN JIANG, STUART S. P. PARKIN, and Z. VALY VARDENY. "GIANT MAGNETO-ELECTROLUMINESCENCE FROM HYBRID SPIN-ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES." SPIN 04, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324714500027.

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An important application that may boost the use of magnetic-field controlled organic devices is significant magnetically modulated electroluminescence (MEL) at room temperature (RT). Whereas inorganic magnetic tunnel junctions show RT magneto-resistance (MR)> 80%, these devices do not exhibit electroluminescence. In contrast, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) show substantive electroluminescence. Alas, at RT both organic spin valves and spin-OLEDs have shown rather small MR and MEL. We report here a hybrid organic/inorganic magnetic-field controlled device (h-OLED) which comprises of an inorganic magnetic tunnel junction with large room temperature MR, and OLED having efficient electroluminescence. At RT the h-OLED devices exhibit up to 80% giant MEL in the red, green, and blue spectral ranges. Moreover studies of "white" h-OLED devices show a surprising magnetic-field controlled color manipulation. The h-OLED devices may open a new avenue in the application of multifunctional organic displays.

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You, Juanjuan, Donghui Yu, Ying Cui, Yongqi Shen, Linlin Wang, Wei Quan, Bin Bo, et al. "18.3: Invited Paper: Efficiency Enhanced Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Comprising Micro‐lens Array." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (April 2023): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16248.

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We report a highly enhanced light extraction from a top emission organic light emitting diode with little image blurring. Integration of a high refractive index micro lens array on the top of the transparent indium zinc oxide top electrode of a green and blue OLED shows a significant EQE gain of 16% and 8%, respectively.

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Juhasz, Peter, Juraj Nevrela, Michal Micjan, Miroslav Novota, Jan Uhrik, Lubica Stuchlikova, Jan Jakabovic, Ladislav Harmatha, and Martin Weis. "Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (January 14, 2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.5.

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The charge behavior of organic light emitting diode (OLED) is investigated by steady-state current–voltage technique and impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures to obtain activation energies of charge injection and transport processes. Good agreement of activation energies obtained by steady-state and frequency-domain was used to analyze their contributions to the charge injection and transport. We concluded that charge is injected into the OLED device mostly through the interfacial states at low voltage region, whereas the thermionic injection dominates in the high voltage region. This comparison of experimental techniques demonstrates their capabilities of identification of major bottleneck of charge injection and transport.

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Wen, Haolin. "Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Structure and Fabrication." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3837.

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Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) technology with thin, light in weight, and free in design have been developed and perfected rapidly. The versatility of flexible OLED technology has been effectively proved in the sectors of displays, lighting, and medicine. In this article, the structure and fabrication of flexible OLED were introduced. Normal flexible OLED device construction includes flexible OLED substrate, barrier layers, electrode and organic layer. The flexible OLED is made on the substrate. The barrier layer is used to shield the OLED material from airborne oxygen and humidity. The electrodes are used for electricity, and the organic layer is used for light. The production processes of flexible OLED include coat-debond with advantages such as good stability and thermal conductivity, bond-debond with the advantage of simple and convenient and roll-to-roll [R2R] method with advantages of low cost, and mass production. Additionally, the application fields of these methods have been highlighted.

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Fan, Ching-Lin, Hao-Wei Chen, Hui-Lung Lai, Bo-Liang Guo, and Bohr-Ran Huang. "Improvement in Brightness Uniformity by Compensating for the Threshold Voltages of Both the Driving Thin-Film Transistor and the Organic Light-Emitting Diode for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/604286.

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This paper proposes a novel pixel circuit design and driving method for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) displays that use low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS-TFTs) as driving element. The automatic integrated circuit modeling simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (AIM-SPICE) simulator was used to verify that the proposed pixel circuit, which comprises five transistors and one capacitor, can supply uniform output current. The voltage programming method of the proposed pixel circuit comprises three periods: reset, compensation with data input, and emission periods. The simulated results reflected excellent performance. For instance, whenΔVTH=±0.33 V, the average error rate of the OLED current variation was low (<0.8%), and whenΔVTH_OLED=+0.33 V, the error rate of the OLED current variation was 4.7%. Moreover, when theI×R(current × resistance) drop voltage of a power line was 0.3 V, the error rate of the OLED current variation was 5.8%. The simulated results indicated that the proposed pixel circuit exhibits high immunity to the threshold voltage deviation of both the driving poly-Si TFTs and OLEDs, and simultaneously compensates for theI×Rdrop voltage of a power line.

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Chulkin, P., O. Vybornyi, M. Lapkowski, P. J. Skabara, and P. Data. "Impedance spectroscopy of OLEDs as a tool for estimating mobility and the concentration of charge carriers in transport layers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 5 (2018): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04599a.

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An impedance spectroscopy based multi-stage technique was worked out to evaluate the mobility of charge carriers (holes and electrons) along with their concentrations at different applied voltages during OLED (organic light emitting diode) operation.

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42

Islam, Amjad, Syed Hamad Ullah Shah, Zeeshan Haider, Muhammad Imran, Al Amin, Syed Kamran Haider, and Ming-De Li. "Biological Interfacial Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061171.

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Organic optoelectronic devices have received appreciable attention due to their low cost, mechanical flexibility, band-gap engineering, lightness, and solution processability over a broad area. Specifically, realizing sustainability in organic optoelectronics, especially in solar cells and light-emitting devices, is a crucial milestone in the evolution of green electronics. Recently, the utilization of biological materials has appeared as an efficient means to alter the interfacial properties, and hence improve the performance, lifetime and stability of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Biological materials can be known as essential renewable bio-resources obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms. The application of biological interfacial materials (BIMs) in OLEDs is still in its early phase compared to the conventional synthetic interfacial materials; however, their fascinating features (such as their eco-friendly nature, biodegradability, easy modification, sustainability, biocompatibility, versatile structures, proton conductivity and rich functional groups) are compelling researchers around the world to construct innovative devices with enhanced efficiency. In this regard, we provide an extensive review of BIMs and their significance in the evolution of next-generation OLED devices. We highlight the electrical and physical properties of different BIMs, and address how such characteristics have been recently exploited to make efficient OLED devices. Biological materials such as ampicillin, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), nucleobases (NBs) and lignin derivatives have demonstrated significant potential as hole/electron transport layers as well as hole/electron blocking layers for OLED devices. Biological materials capable of generating a strong interfacial dipole can be considered as a promising prospect for alternative interlayer materials for OLED applications.

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Cai, Wenrui, Chris Glazowski, Lu Yan, Warren Rieutort‐Louis, Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari, Hyun Boo, Peter Holland, and Mark Winkler. "54‐1: Invited Paper: Through OLED‐Display Proximity Sensing." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (June 2023): 778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16677.

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Integrating a proximity sensor behind an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display increases usable display area but introduces multiple design challenges. We discuss solutions that enable behind‐display proximity sensing in iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max.

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44

El karkri, Anass, Imane El mhamedi, and Zakaria El malki. "Prediction and Simulation of electrical and optical characteristics of an OLED based on P3BEdotBT3A organic material." E3S Web of Conferences 336 (2022): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233600062.

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The OLED “organic light-emitting diode” has been highly industrialized for several years, especially since their use in smartphones and televisions. OLEDs have attracted a lot of attention because of their desirable characteristics including their low consumption of electrical energy, their flexibility... Our work focuses on the simulation of a single-layer OLED based on an organic material (ITO/P3BEdotBT3A/Ca) using the SILVACO-TCAD simulation software. This simulation allowed us to visualize the operational distribution of Langevin recombination within the proposed structure, and to determine the electrical and optical characteristics, such as luminescence power, current versus electric field, and current versus voltage (the I-V characteristics) for different thicknesses and doping concentration of the emitting layer.

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Rachman, Ihsan Budi, and Deana Wahyuningrum. "Synthesized 2,4,5-Triphenylimidazole as Precursor of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Material." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.468.

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Current research based on fluorescent organic material has many advantages. One of advantages fluorescent organic material is as OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) based devices. OLED compound is rigid conjugated organic molecules. 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole (3) was synthesized by microwave assisted organic synthesis method. The first stage of synthesis is the synthesis of bibenzoyl (2) produced from the solventless oxidation reaction of benzoin (1) by atmospheric oxygen using MAOS (Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis) method with chemical yields of 99.18% and melting point of bibenzoyl is 94-95 °C, and the FTIR spectrum showed the lost of -OH group peak at 3425.51 cm-1 and the strengthening of group C=O peak at 1672.25 cm-1. compound (3) was synthesized from the reactions between compound (2), benzaldehyde, ammonium acetate and acetic acid glacial by MAOS method with chemical yields of 69.04%. Melting point of compound (3) is 267-268°C and FTIR spectrum showed -NH group peak at 3038.53 cm-1 and C-N group peak at 1209.51 cm-1. Result of elucidation by 1H-NMR measurements of compound (3) showed a typical signal of -NH proton at chemical shifts of 9.31 ppm and the phenyl protons in the chemical shifts range of 7.46 to 7.94 ppm. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra shown compound (3) has a potential as precursor compound of Organic Light Emitting Diode material.

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Khaoula, Benatia, and Telia Azzedine. "Electrical Characteristics of Organic Light Emitting Diode ( OLED ) Finite Difference Modeling." Journal of New Technology and Materials 4, no. 1 (2014): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0010295.

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Cho, Hyunsu, Chun-Won Byun, Chan-Mo Kang, Jin-Wook Shin, Byoung-Hwa Kwon, Sukyung Choi, Nam Sung Cho, et al. "White organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay with a tandem structure." Journal of Information Display 20, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2019.1671240.

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48

Geffroy, Bernard, Philippe le Roy, and Christophe Prat. "Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology: materials, devices and display technologies." Polymer International 55, no. 6 (2006): 572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1974.

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49

Jetly, Akanksha, and Rajesh Mehra. "Efficient Tandem Organic Light Emitting Diode Using Organic Photovoltaic Charge Generation Layer." International Journal of Optics 2018 (September 26, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9458530.

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Highly efficient tandem red OLED is proposed using planar organic heterojunction based charge generation layer (CGL) of C70 (Fullerene)/CoPc (Cobalt Phthalocyanine). The proposed charge generation layer generates charges and exhibits organic photovoltaic type (OPV) behavior in the red emitter zone which helps in slower efficiency roll-off at higher current densities. In addition an ultrathin layer of Al/LiF is used as electron injection layer (EIL) so as to enhance the injection of electrons from charge generation layer to emissive unit. It is found that the tandem red device can reach current efficiency and luminance of 26 cd/A and 26039 cd/m2 at 20 mA/cm2 and 100 mA/cm2, respectively, which is 1.663 times and 1.665 times higher than the corresponding single emitter device. Moreover, it is known that the tandem device requires double turn-on voltage than conventional devices. In this work, the turn-on voltage of red tandem device (5.85 V) is found to be less than twice the voltage of conventional device (3 V). Further with the introduction of Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR), enhancement in current efficiency and brightness of tandem red device are observed due to high reflectance property of DBR. Thus, the effective charge generation and OPV function of proposed charge generation layer as well as remarkably high injection property of EIL layer lead to the high performance tandem OLED.

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Choi, Seongwook, Chang-Hee Lee, Ju-Hyeok Choi, Sung-Hoon Choi, Bongsoon Kang, and Gi-Dong Lee. "Hybrid-Type Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diode with High Contrast Using Switchable Windows." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021097.

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Transparent organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is one of the most promising devices among next-generation information displays because of beneficial characteristics, such as self-emissive and optically clear properties. Nevertheless, in conventional transparent OLED display devices, there are serious intrinsic problems in terms of the transmittance in the dark state because of empty windows in the cell, so the contrast ratio of the transparent OLED display would be deteriorated even though it can exhibit excellent bright state. In general, the transparent mode using the OLED device applies an empty area in each pixel because an emitting device could never reveal the background image, so the transparent OLED should contain the empty area in the pixel for transparent images. This may cause the optical degradation in the dark state. To solve this problem, we propose hybrid-type transparent OLED display modes that apply a liquid crystal (LC) to the transparent window part of the empty space. In this paper, we applied two dichroic LC modes— which use an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode (Heilmeier type) for the polarized mode and a cholesteric LC mode (Guest-Host mode) for the non-polarized mode—to the empty area. In each hybrid mode, we have observed optical performance, including the transmittance in the dark/bright state, contrast ratio and response time as a function of cell parameters. As a result, we confirmed that the dark state and the contrast ratio could be improved by applying the proposed modes without serious decay of the transmittance in the bright state.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic Light-emitting diode (OLED)'

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