Journal articles: 'Organic photovoltaic solar cell'

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Haque, A., F. Sultana, M. A. Awal, and M. Rahman. "Efficiency Improvement of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cell through Device Architecture Modification." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 5 (2012): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2012.v4.434.

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Zeinidenov, A. K., and N. Kh Ibrayev. "Photovoltaic and electrophysical properties of plasmon-enhanced organic solar cells." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics Series" 88, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2017phys4/18-23.

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Kim, Soyeon, Muhammad Jahandar, Jae Hoon Jeong, and Dong Chan Lim. "Recent Progress in Solar Cell Technology for Low-Light Indoor Applications." Current Alternative Energy 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666190112141857.

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Photovoltaic cells have recently attracted considerable attention for indoor energy harvesting for low-power-consumption electronic products due to the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT platform is being developed with a vision of connecting a variety of wireless electronic devices, such as sensors, household products, and personal data storage devices, which will be able to sense and communicate with their internal states or the external environment. A self-sustainable power source is required to power such devices under low light indoor environments. Inorganic photovoltaic cells show excellent device performance under 1 Sun illumination and dominate the market for outdoor applications. However, their performance is limited for indoor applications with low incident light intensities as they exhibit low photo-voltage. Among the emerging photovoltaic technologies, organic photovoltaics have unique advantages, including solution processibility, flexibility, and lightweight tailorable design; hence, they are considered the best solution for indoor light harvesting applications due to their high photo-voltage, strong absorption of UV-visible wavelengths, and a spectral response similar to that emitted by modern indoor lighting systems. In this review article, we discuss the factors affecting device performance of different photovoltaic technologies under low incident light intensities or indoor conditions and provide a comprehensive analysis of future opportunities for enhancing indoor performance of the photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, we discuss some of the results of semi-transparent organic solar cell which operated under complex environmental conditions like low illumination, incident light angle etc. Based on the results, one can suggest that semi-transparent organic solar cell is a more suitable case for progressive indoor solar cell. After highlighting the factors that limit indoor device performance of photovoltaic cells, we discuss potential applications of IoT devices powered by organic photovoltaic cells in indoor lighting environments.

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Forrest, Stephen R. "The Limits to Organic Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.5.

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AbstractWe consider the fundamental limits to organic solar cell efficiency, and the schemes that have been used to overcome many of these limitations. In particular, the use of double and bulk heterojunctions, as well as tandem cells employing materials with high exciton diffusion lengths, is discussed.We show that in the last few years, a combination of strategies has led to a power conversion efficiency of ηp = 5.7% (under AM 1.5 G simulated solar radiation at 1 sun intensity) for tandem cells based on small-molecularweight materials, suggesting that even higher efficiencies are possible.We conclude by considering the ultimate power conversion efficiency that is expected from organic thinfilm solar cells.

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Greenham, Neil C. "Polymer solar cells." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1996 (August 13, 2013): 20110414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0414.

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This article reviews the motivations for developing polymer-based photovoltaics and describes some of the material systems used. Current challenges are identified, and some recent developments in the field are outlined. In particular, recent work to image and control nanostructure in polymer-based solar cells is reviewed, and very recent progress is described using the unique properties of organic semiconductors to develop strategies that may allow the Shockley–Queisser limit to be broken in a simple photovoltaic cell.

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Shin, Dong, and Suk-Ho Choi. "Recent Studies of Semitransparent Solar Cells." Coatings 8, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100329.

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It is necessary to develop semitransparent photovoltaic cell for increasing the energy density from sunlight, useful for harvesting solar energy through the windows and roofs of buildings and vehicles. Current semitransparent photovoltaics are mostly based on Si, but it is difficult to adjust the color transmitted through Si cells intrinsically for enhancing the visual comfort for human. Recent intensive studies on translucent polymer- and perovskite-based photovoltaic cells offer considerable opportunities to escape from Si-oriented photovoltaics because their electrical and optical properties can be easily controlled by adjusting the material composition. Here, we review recent progress in materials fabrication, design of cell structure, and device engineering/characterization for high-performance/semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells, and discuss major problems to overcome for commercialization of these solar cells.

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Zając, Dorota, Jadwiga Sołoducho, and Joanna Cabaj. "Organic Triads for Solar Cells Application: A Review." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 658–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824666200311151421.

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The need to find alternative sources of energy and environmental protection has resulted in the significant development of organic photovoltaics. The synthesis of organic compounds that will ensure the efficiency of the cells has become a key issue. In this work, we present an overview of materials based on donor-linker-acceptor structural motifs, and summarize the current state of research which can help in the design of new, effective photovoltaic materials.

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Shin, Gilyong, Jei Gyeong Jeon, Ju Hyeon Kim, Ju Hwan Lee, Hyeong Jun Kim, Junho Lee, Kyung Mook Kang, and Tae June Kang. "Thermocells for Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081928.

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The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells is highly temperature dependent and decreases with increasing temperature. Therefore, the thermal management of solar cells is crucial for the efficient utilization of solar energy. We fabricate a hybrid photovoltaic/thermocell (PV/T) module by integrating a thermocell directly into the back of a solar panel and explore the feasibility of the module for its practical implementation. The proposed PV/T hybrid not only performs the cooling of the solar cells but also produces an additional power output by converting the heat stored in the solar cell into useful electric energy through the thermocell. Under illumination with an air mass of 1.5 G, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell can improve from 13.2% to 15% by cooling the solar cell from 61 °C to 34 °C and simultaneously obtaining an additional power of 3.53 μW/cm2 from the thermocell. The advantages of the PV/T module presented in this work, such as the additional power generation from the thermocell as well as the simultaneous cooling of the solar cells and its convenient installation, can lead to the module’s importance in practical and large-scale deployment.

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Li, Qianqian, Zhongxing Jiang, Jingui Qin, and Zhen Li. "Heterocyclic-Functionalized Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Tuning Solar Cell Performance by Structural Modification." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 9 (2012): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12126.

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Due to their high conversion efficiency and low cost of production, dye-sensitized solar cells based on organic dyes have attracted considerable attention. By utilizing various heterocycles as construction blocks for organic dyes, the performance of solar cells was optimized to exhibit good light-harvesting features and suppress interfacial recombinations. The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in the molecular design of heterocyclic-functionalized organic dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells, and special attention has been paid to the relationship between chemical structure and the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on these dyes.

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Würfel, Peter. "Photovoltaic Principles and Organic Solar Cells." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 61, no. 12 (December 19, 2007): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2007.770.

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Maleki, Ali, and Kobra Valadi. "Synthesis of Small Organic Molecule Based on Malononitrile Group toward Green Energy Performance in Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells." Proceedings 9, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05653.

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In this study, a small organic compound containing cyano and N,N-dimethyl aniline as acceptor and donor groups, respectively linked through the conjugate system, were synthesized. Then, its structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Next, in order to investigate the photovoltaic properties of these organic molecules, it was tested in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic solar cells (OPVSCs). The organic solar cell with FTO/TiO2/dye molecules/electrolyte/Pt electrode configuration was constructed.

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Zhang, Liang Min. "Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Applications." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.120.

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Hybrid photovoltaic concepts based on a nanoscale combination of organic and inorganic semiconductors are promising way to enhance the cost efficiency of solar cells through a better use of the solar spectrum, a higher ratio of interface-to-volume, and the flexible processability of polymers. In this work, two types of thin film solar cells have been developed. In both types of solar cells, poly-N-vinylcarbazole (PVK) is used as electron donor, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals are used as electron acceptors, respectively. Since TiO2 has a wide band gap and can only absorb UV light, in the second type of solar cell, ruthenium dye is used as photo-sensitizer. The preliminary results of photoconductive and photovoltaic characteristics of these two inorganic-organic composites are presented.

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Chidichimo, G., and L. Filippelli. "Organic Solar Cells: Problems and Perspectives." International Journal of Photoenergy 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/123534.

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For photovoltaic cells to convert solar into electric energy is probably the most interesting research challenge nowadays. A good efficiency of these devices has been obtained by using inorganic semiconductor materials. On the other hand, manufacture processes are very expensive in terms of both materials and techniques. For this reason organic-based photovoltaic (OPV) cells are attracting the general attention because of the possible realization of more economical devices. Organic materials are abundant and easily handling. Unfortunately OPV cells efficiency is significantly lower than that of inorganic-based devices, representing a big point of weakness at the present. This is mainly due to the fact that organic semiconductors have a much higher band gap with respect to inorganic semiconductors. In addition, OPV cells are very susceptible to oxygen and water. In this paper we will describe some of the different approaches to the understanding and improving of organic photovoltaic devices.

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Yusoff, Nurul Huda, Nur Izzah Abd Azes, and Surani Buniran. "Modification of Thin Film Surface Morphology by Thermal Annealing Process to Enhance Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cell Performance." Advanced Materials Research 879 (January 2014): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.879.144.

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This paper reports effect of modification thin film surface morphology using thermal annealing process in order to enhance organic photovoltaic solar cell performance. The organic photovoltaic solar cell (OPV) were fabricated using bulk heterojunction structure, consist of p-type semiconductor of polythiophene (PT) derivative and an n-type of fullerene, C-61 derivative. The devices structure can be named as Al/LiF/polymer composite film/PEDOT-PSS/ITO. For comparison, the devices were varies; as cast and annealed at 125°C for half an hour to modify the thin film surface structure. The performances of the devices were studied by observing the current-voltage characteristics of the device in dark at ambient temperature and under standard A.M 1.5 illumination. The light conversion efficiency of the resulting photovoltaic devices increases from 0.04% (as cast) to 2.3% after thermal annealing process. As a result, the annealed organic photovoltaic devices, show enhanced efficiencies compared with as cast device due to the enhancement in transport properties of polymer base photovoltaic device.

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R. Murad, Ary, Ahmed Iraqi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Sozan N. Abdullah, and Mohamad A. Brza. "Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112627.

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In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described. Various techniques for the preparation of conjugated polymers are presented in detail. The applications of conductive polymers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are explained thoroughly. The architecture of organic polymer solar cells including single layer, bilayer planar heterojunction, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are described. Moreover, designing conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications and optimizations of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are discussed. Principles of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells are addressed. Finally, strategies for band gap tuning and characteristics of solar cell are presented. In this article, several processing parameters such as the choice of solvent(s) for spin casting film, thermal and solvent annealing, solvent additive, and blend composition that affect the nano-morphology of the photoactive layer are reviewed.

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Uddin, Ashraf, Mushfika Upama, Haimang Yi, and Leiping Duan. "Encapsulation of Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review." Coatings 9, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020065.

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Photovoltaic is one of the promising renewable sources of power to meet the future challenge of energy need. Organic and perovskite thin film solar cells are an emerging cost-effective photovoltaic technology because of low-cost manufacturing processing and their light weight. The main barrier of commercial use of organic and perovskite solar cells is the poor stability of devices. Encapsulation of these photovoltaic devices is one of the best ways to address this stability issue and enhance the device lifetime by employing materials and structures that possess high barrier performance for oxygen and moisture. The aim of this review paper is to find different encapsulation materials and techniques for perovskite and organic solar cells according to the present understanding of reliability issues. It discusses the available encapsulate materials and their utility in limiting chemicals, such as water vapour and oxygen penetration. It also covers the mechanisms of mechanical degradation within the individual layers and solar cell as a whole, and possible obstacles to their application in both organic and perovskite solar cells. The contemporary understanding of these degradation mechanisms, their interplay, and their initiating factors (both internal and external) are also discussed.

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Walter, Michael G., Alexander B. Rudine, and Carl C. Wamser. "Porphyrins and phthalocyanines in solar photovoltaic cells." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 09 (September 2010): 759–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002689.

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This review summarizes recent advances in the use of porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and related compounds as components of solar cells, including organic molecular solar cells, polymer cells, anddye-sensitized solar cells. The recent report of a porphyrin dye that achieves 11% power conversion efficiency in a dye-sensitized solar cell indicates that these classes of compounds can be as efficient as the more commonly used ruthenium bipyridyl derivatives.

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Sato, Keisuke, Yuuki Sugano, Kenji Hirakuri, and Naoki Fukata. "Cell Performances of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Solar Cells Using Fluorosilicate/Phosphorus Oxide Composite Microparticles." Advances in Science and Technology 98 (October 2016): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.98.26.

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We report on the structural characterization and the photovoltaic performances of novel photoelectric conversion materials fabricated by simplified and cheap procedures based on a chemical approach. Our prepared composite microparticles were composed of fluorosilicate/phosphorus oxide holding together by ammonium. When such composite microparticles were used in the active layer of the hybrid solar cells, the relatively high Jsc was obtained by causing the adequate carrier transport from the active layer to each electrode, attaining the best photovoltaic performance with a PCE of 4.45 %. These findings indicate that the fluorosilicate/phosphorus oxide composite microparticles have sufficient ability as the photoelectric conversion materials.

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ADHIKARI, SUDIP, HIDEO UCHIDA, and MASAYOSHI UMENO. "HYBRID ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS BLENDED WITH CNTs." Surface Review and Letters 22, no. 06 (October 20, 2015): 1550072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15500729.

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In this paper, composite carbon nanotubes (C-CNTs); single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) are synthesized using an ultrasonic nebulizer in a large quartz tube for photovoltaic device fabrication in poly-3-octyl-thiophene (P3OT)/ n - Si heterojunction solar cells. We found that the device fabricated with C-CNTs shows much better photovoltaic performance than that of a device without C-CNTs. The device with C-CNTs shows open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.454 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.792 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 0.361 and power conversion efficiency of 2.098 %. Here, we proposed that SWCNTs and MWCNTs provide efficient percolation paths for both electron and hole transportation to opposite electrodes and leading to the suppression of charge carrier recombination, thereby increasing the photovoltaic device performance.

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Sulaiman, Khaulah, Zubair Ahmad, Muhamad Saipul Fakir, Fadilah Abd Wahab, Shahino Mah Abdullah, and Zurianti Abdul Rahman. "Organic Semiconductors: Applications in Solar Photovoltaic and Sensor Devices." Materials Science Forum 737 (January 2013): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.126.

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Organic semiconductor-based solar photovoltaic cells and sensors are scalable, printable, solution processable, bendable and light-weight. Furthermore, organic semiconductors require low energy fabrication process, hence can be fabricated at low cost as light-weight solar cells and sensors, coupled with the ease of processing, as well as compatibility, with flexible substrates. Organic semiconductors have been identified as a fascinating class of novel semiconductors that have the electrical and optical properties of metals and semiconductors. The continuous demand to improve the properties of organic semiconductors raises the quest for a deep understanding of fundamental issues and relevant electronic processes. Organic semiconductor thin film is sandwiched between two metal electrodes of indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum to form organic photovoltaic solar cell. Several types of organic semiconductors have been utilized as the photoactive layer in the solution processable organic solar cells. The performance of the fabricated solar cells can be improved by dissolving the material in the right choice of solvent, annealing of organic thin film, slowly forming the thin film and introducing an infra-red absorbance layer. Besides, organic semiconductor-based sensors can be fabricated utilizing either in a sandwidch type or planar type device. Some of these techniques and the experimental results are presented.

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Suzuki, Atsushi, Katsuya Yano, and Takeo Oku. "Fabrication and Characterization of Fullerene / Dibenzo-Tetrathiafulvalene Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.80.

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Fabrication and characterization of fullerene (C60) / dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DBTTF) solar cells were carried out. Photovoltaic and optical properties of the organic solar cells were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray and electron diffraction confirmed that the bulk heterojunction thin films had microstructure of C60 crystal phase in DBTTF amorphous phase. The photovoltaic performance of the bulk heterojunction solar cell would be originated in the extent of electron diffusion across interface around the microstructure. Photovoltaic mechanism was discussed on the basis of experimental results.

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Sewvandi, Galhenage A., and J. T. S. T. Jayawardane. "First-principles calculation on electronic properties of Bismuth-halide inorganic perovskites for solar cell." Bolgoda Plains 01, no. 01 (October 2021): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.16.

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Solar energy is a commonly used alternate source of energy and it can be utilized based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect converts sun energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic devices (solar cells). A solar cell device should have high efficiency and a long lifetime to be commercially beneficial. Presently, silicon and thin-film solar cells are widely employed. The crystalline solar cells are more efficient but they are also expensive. Thin-film solar cells are formed by placing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic materials on different substrates. Although these cells have a lower cost, they are also less efficient compared to Si-based solar cells. Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising low-cost power conversion efficiency technologies that could exceed the 26% threshold. However, the lack of environmental stability and of high lead toxicity are the main bottlenecks that impede the future industrialization and commercialization hybrid lead halide perovskite. Hence It is important to achieve high power conversion efficiency while also maintaining stability and non-toxicity in the development of new lead-free perovskite materials.

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Sultana, Najmin Ara, Md Obidul Islam, Mainul Hossain, and Zahid Hasan Mahmood. "Comparative Performance Study of Perovskite Solar Cell for Different Electron Transport Materials." Dhaka University Journal of Science 66, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v66i2.54553.

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In recent times, planar organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved high power conversion efficiency (PCE > 22%). Mixed organic-inorganic halide perovskites, with excellent light harvesting properties, have evolved as a promising class of semiconductors for photovoltaics. In this work, compositional and electrical characterizations of materials used for different layers of PSC have been studied. One dimensional solar cell simulator wx-AMPS is used for numerical simulation of such devices and all simulations are done under AM1.5 illuminations and 300K temperature. Investigating the influences of thickness of electron transport material (ETM), hole transporting material (HTM) and absorber on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, it is observed that, increase in thickness of perovskite (MAPbI3) results in the increase in PCE of solar cells, whereas increase in thickness of ETM layer results in decrease in the efficiency of the devices. The ETM plays a vital role on the performance of PSC. In this paper, for the first time performances of PSC for three different ETMs (TiO2, ZnO or SnO2) are calculated and analyzed simultaneously with the simulator wx-AMPS. The photovoltaic performances have been explored and efficiencies of 27.6%, 27.5% and 28.02% are reported for perovskite solar cells with TiO2, ZnO and SnO2 as ETM respectively for a specific thickness. Finally, this simulation study concludes that ZnO and SnO2 may be effective alternatives of the commonly used material, TiO2 as they are economically more potential and give somewhat better photovoltaic performance. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 109-114, 2018 (July)

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Han, Gill Sang, Jin Sun Yoo, Fangda Yu, Matthew Lawrence Duff, Bong Kyun Kang, and Jung-Kun Lee. "Highly stable perovskite solar cells in humid and hot environment." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 28 (2017): 14733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03881j.

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Gledhill, Sophie E., Brian Scott, and Brian A. Gregg. "Organic and nano-structured composite photovoltaics: An overview." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 3167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0407.

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Organic photovoltaic devices are poised to fill the low-cost, low power niche in the solar cell market. Recently measured efficiencies of solid-state organic cells are nudging 5% while Grätzel’s more established dye-sensitized solar cell technology is more than double this. A fundamental understanding of the excitonic nature of organic materials is an essential backbone for device engineering. Bound electron-hole pairs, “excitons,” are formed in organic semiconductors on photo-absorption. In the organic solar cell, the exciton must diffuse to the donor–accepter interface for simultaneous charge generation and separation. This interface is critical as the concentration of charge carriers is high and recombination here is higher than in the bulk. Nanostructured engineering of the interface has been utilized to maximize organic materials properties, namely to compensate the poor exciton diffusion lengths and lower mobilities. Excitonic solar cells have different limitations on their open-circuit photo-voltages due to these high interfacial charge carrier concentrations, and their behavior cannot be interpreted as if they were conventional solar cells. This article briefly reviews some of the differences between excitonic organic solar cells and conventional inorganic solar cells and highlights some of the technical strategies used in this rapidly progressing field, whose ultimate aim is for organic solar cells to be a commercial reality.

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Rugma, S., B. Devu, and C. O. Sreekala. "Effect of Alkyl Substitution to the Active Layer Material for Improved Efficiency in Bilayer Organic Solar Cell." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012022.

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Abstract Organic based thin film solar cells have achieved considerable power conversion efficiency (PCE). As there is a desire to the benefits of on-demand energy production, future world energy consumption will continue to rise. Bilayer organic solar cell has two active layers in between conductive electrodes. Present report, is a simulation study to compare the PCE of bilayer organic solar cells by varying one of its active layer material using General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model or GPVDM software. The materials used for active layer are MEH-M3EH-PPV, MEH-DOO-PPV, MEH-PPV and M3EH-PPV based on the degree of alkyl substitutions. Data of absorption spectrum, refractive index spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum are added as input and obtained the simulation results. Values of power conversion efficiencies, fill factor and other photovoltaic parameter values for each bilayer organic solar cell is obtained. Transmittance spectrum, reflectance spectrum, Current density-Voltage plot, variation of charge density and total charge density with applied voltage are attained from the simulation and compared. The results give out effect of side chain alkyl substitution on efficiency of bilayer organic solar cell. MEH-DOO-PPV with longest alkyl side chain substitution has maximum power conversion efficiency. This intuition helps to design suitable bilayer organic solar cell, which has got its relevant applications in the optoelectronics.

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Meng, Lingxian, Yamin Zhang, Xiangjian Wan, Chenxi Li, Xin Zhang, Yanbo Wang, Xin Ke, et al. "Organic and solution-processed tandem solar cells with 17.3% efficiency." Science 361, no. 6407 (August 9, 2018): 1094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2612.

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Although organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have many advantages, their performance still lags far behind that of other photovoltaic platforms. A fundamental reason for their low performance is the low charge mobility of organic materials, leading to a limit on the active-layer thickness and efficient light absorption. In this work, guided by a semi-empirical model analysis and using the tandem cell strategy to overcome such issues, and taking advantage of the high diversity and easily tunable band structure of organic materials, a record and certified 17.29% power conversion efficiency for a two-terminal monolithic solution-processed tandem OPV is achieved.

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Brabec, Christoph J., and James R. Durrant. "Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 7 (July 2008): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.138.

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AbstractOrganic solar cells, based on polymer/fullerene-blend films, are advancing rapidly toward commercial viability. In this article, we review recent progress on two issues critical for technological applications: device photovoltaic efficiencies and processing technologies for high-throughput production. In terms of device efficiencies, we consider advances in low-bandgap polymers, film morphology, and device structure aimed at increasing efficiencies beyond 5%. We then review recent progress in developing high-throughput, solution-printing-based processes for low-cost device fabrication.

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Houiji, Imen, Mounira Mahdouani, Mahfoudh Raïssi, and Ramzi Bourguiga. "Modeling and optimization of organic tandem photovoltaic solar cells using silver nanowires as electrode and interconnecting layer." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 93, no. 2 (February 2021): 20202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021200354.

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Much research has been conducted to improve the performance of photovoltaic solar cells. Transparent conductive film and interconnection layers have a significant impact on the performance of photovoltaic cells. In this work, we analyze the experimental results obtained on tandem organic photovoltaic solar cells with simple inverted structures using silver nanowires AgNW as transparent conductive electrode (TE) and as interconnection layer (ICL) between PEDOT: PSS and ZnO. This type of contact leads to a strong ohmic contact in both sub-cells having P3HT: ICBA as the lower active layer and having PTB7: PC71BM (1: 1.5) as the upper active layer with a good complement of the absorption spectrum. To study the advantages of using AgNWs as an interconnection layer (PEDOT: PSS/AgNWs/ZnO) in tandem photovoltaic solar cells and as an anode and its impact on the performance of these organic cells, we have simulated the electrical characteristics obtained by these tandem organic photovoltaic cells using an equivalent circuit model. This model is based on a single diode model with five photovoltaic parameters. We therefore extracted all the physical parameters of the illuminated photovoltaic cell from its experimental characteristics (J–V), such as the diode saturation current density (J0), the series and shunt resistors (RS, RSh), the ideality factor (n) and the photogenerated current density (JPh). For this we have solved the analytical equations of the current density using Newton Raphson's method. The equations are derived from the single diode equivalent circuit proposed to simulate the measured current density as a function of the voltage of the manufactured tandem type organic solar cells. A good agreement was obtained between the theoretical model and the experimental electrical characteristics. This confirms that the use of AgNWs between PEDOT: PSS and ZnO as an interconnection layer in reverse geometry of these tandem devices, has improved the efficiency (PCE = 9.24%) and is proving to be an efficient recombination layer for tandem organic photovoltaic solar cells.

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Ye, Jian Min. "Efficiency Organic/Inorganic Composite Thin Film Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.3.

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The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates is interesting. CdTe is one of the leading candidates for photovoltaic applications due to its optimum band gap for the efficient photo-conversion and robustness for industrial production with a variety of film preparation methods. Flexible solar cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 11% have been developed on polyimide foils. The development of CdTe devices on metallic substrates is impeded due to the lack of a proper ohmic contact between CdTe and the substrate. The polymer substrate has the advantage that the devices can be prepared in both superstrate and substrate configurations.

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Wang, Ai Fen. "Study on the Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Anode Buffer Layer." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.476.

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The three photovoltaic cells with two different anode buffer layer on the basis of Pentacene/C60 as active layer was fabicated, the effect and mechanism of anode buffer layer on performance of organic photovoltaic cell are explored. The experimental result shows transition metal oxide inserted between organic active layer and ITO could increase short circuit current and open-circuit voltage,power conversion efficiency is increased to 107%,so it is effective anode buffer material.

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Xue, Yibing, and Ziye Song. "Nano-Efficient Photoelectric Conversion-Based Solar Photovoltaic System and Its Usage in Green Buildings." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2956.

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Solar energy is a world-recognized green and pollution-free energy source. Photovoltaic technology based on solar energy has become the focus of new energy development. On this basis, how to improve the energy efficiency of solar energy has become a research hotspot. In this study, the solution method was used, acety-lacetonate was used as the precursor, and the mixture of dodecyl mercaptan (DDT) and oleylamine (OLA) was used as the solvent to obtain CuInS2 nanocrystals with wurtzite structure. Then, the dispersion of organic synthesized CuInS2 nanocrystals was retained, and the organic macromolecules affecting electron transport in the nanocrystals were eliminated. This material was used for the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. While analyzing the photoelectric characteristics of the nanoelectronic material, the hardware of the photovoltaic solar cell prepared based on the material should be designed, including the selection of the main control unit, the design of the peripheral circuit, the design of the charging and discharging circuit, so as to realize the management of the photovoltaic solar cell. In the test, OLA had an impact on the crystal structure, size, and dispersion of CuInS2 nanocrystals, thereby changing the photoelectric properties of the nanoelectronic materials, which were applied in photovoltaic panels for green buildings. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of CuInS2 nanocrystals after phase exchange in the green build-photovoltaic system was much higher than that of CuInS2 nanocrystals before phase exchange, and even higher than that of CuInS2 nanocrystals calcined at high temperature before phase exchange in the green build-photovoltaic system.

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Koshiba, Yasuko, Toshiki Onishi, Hiroyuki Saeki, Masahiro Misaki, Kenji Ishida, and Yasukiyo Ueda. "Photovoltaic properties of organic solar cell with octafluorophthalocyanine as electron acceptors." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 53, no. 1S (December 31, 2013): 01AB04. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.53.01ab04.

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Solodukhin, Alexander N., Yuriy N. Luponosov, Artur L. Mannanov, Petr S. Savchenko, Artem V. Bakirov, Maxim A. Shcherbina, Sergei N. Chvalun, Dmitry Yu Paraschuk, and Sergey A. Ponomarenko. "Branched Electron-Donor Core Effect in D-π-A Star-Shaped Small Molecules on Their Properties and Performance in Single-Component and Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells †." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123596.

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Star-shaped donor-acceptor molecules are full of promise for organic photovoltaics and electronics. However, the effect of the branching core on physicochemical properties, charge transport and photovoltaic performance of such donor-acceptor materials in single-component (SC) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells has not been thoroughly addressed. This work shows the comprehensive investigation of six star-shaped donor-acceptor molecules with terminal hexyldicyanovinyl blocks linked through 2,2′-bithiophene π-conjugated bridge to different electron-donating cores such as the pristine and fused triphenylamine, tris(2-methoxyphenyl)amine, carbazole- and benzotriindole-based units. Variation of the branching core strongly impacts on such important properties as the solubility, highest occupied molecular orbital energy, optical absorption, phase behavior, molecular packing and also on the charge-carrier mobility. The performance of SC or BHJ organic solar cells are comprehensively studied and compared. The results obtained provide insight on how to predict and fine-tune photovoltaic performance as well as properties of donor-acceptor star-shaped molecules for organic solar cells.

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Luo, Kaiying, Wanhua Wu, Sihang Xie, Yasi Jiang, Shengzu Liao, and Donghuan Qin. "Building Solar Cells from Nanocrystal Inks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091885.

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The use of solution-processed photovoltaics is a low cost, low material-consuming way to harvest abundant solar energy. Organic semiconductors based on perovskite or colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics have been well developed in recent years; however, stability is still an important issue for these photovoltaic devices. By combining solution processing, chemical treatment, and sintering technology, compact and efficient CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells can be fabricated with high stability by optimizing the architecture of devices. Here, we review the progress on solution-processed CdTe NC-based photovoltaics. We focus particularly on NC materials and the design of devices that provide a good p–n junction quality, a graded bandgap for extending the spectrum response, and interface engineering to decrease carrier recombination. We summarize the progress in this field and give some insight into device processing, including element doping, new hole transport material application, and the design of new devices.

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Grätzel, Michael. "Molecular photovoltaics that mimic photosynthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173030459.

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Learning from the concepts used by green plants, we have developed a photovoltaic cell based on molecular light absorbers and mesoporous electrodes. The sensitized nanocrystalline injection solar cell employs organic dyes or transition-metal complexes for spectral sensitization of oxide semiconductors, such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and Nb2O5. Mesoporous films of these materials are contacted with redox electrolytes, amorphous organic hole conductors, or conducting polymers, as well as inorganic semiconductors. Light harvesting occurs efficiently over the whole visible and near-IR range due to the very large internal surface area of the films. Judicious molecular engineering allows the photoinduced charge separation to occur quantitatively within femtoseconds. The certified overall power conversion efficiency of the new solar cell for standard air mass 1.5 solar radiation stands presently between 10 and 11. The lecture will highlight recent progress in the development of solar cells for practical use. Advancement in the understanding of the factors that govern photovoltaic performance, as well as improvement of cell components to increase further its conversion efficiency will be discussed.

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Ahn, Y. J., G. W. Kang, and C. H. Lee. "Photovoltaic Properties of Multilayer Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 377, no. 1 (January 2002): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713738558.

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Wang, Xin, Di Liu, and Jiuyan Li. "Organic photovoltaic materials and thin-film solar cells." Frontiers of Chemistry in China 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2010): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11458-009-0208-3.

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Hoppe, Harald, and Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci. "Organic solar cells: An overview." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 7 (July 2004): 1924–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0252.

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Organic solar cell research has developed during the past 30 years, but especially in the last decade it has attracted scientific and economic interest triggered by a rapid increase in power conversion efficiencies. This was achieved by the introduction of new materials, improved materials engineering, and more sophisticated device structures. Today, solar power conversion efficiencies in excess of 3% have been accomplished with several device concepts. Though efficiencies of these thin-film organicdevices have not yet reached those of their inorganic counterparts (η ≈ 10–20%); the perspective of cheap production (employing, e.g., roll-to-roll processes) drives the development of organic photovoltaic devices further in a dynamic way. The two competitive production techniques used today are either wet solution processing or dry thermal evaporation of the organic constituents. The field of organic solar cells profited well from the development of light-emitting diodes based on similar technologies, which have entered the market recently. We review here the current status of the field of organic solar cells and discuss different production technologies as well as study the important parameters to improve their performance.

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Liang, Yuming, Ping Deng, Zhongtao Wang, Zhiyong Guo, and Yanlian Lei. "Novel perylene diimide acceptor for nonfullerene organic solar cells." Functional Materials Letters 12, no. 03 (May 16, 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179360471950022x.

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Nonfullerene electron acceptor materials have gained enormous attention due to their potential as replacements of fullerene electron acceptors in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. A novel thiophene bridged selenophene-containing perylene diimide acceptor PDISe-T has been synthesized and applied as an acceptor in nonfullerene organic photovoltaic cells. The inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells based on PDISe-T:PBT7-Th (acceptor:donor) blends give a power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 2.53% with an open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text] of 0.92[Formula: see text]V, a [Formula: see text] of 6.55[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], and a fill factor (FF) of 0.42.

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Aziz, F., Z. Ahmad, S. M. Abdullah, K. Sulaiman, and M. H. Sayyad. "Photovoltaic effect in single-junction organic solar cell fabricated using vanadyl phthalocyanine soluble derivative." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2014-0006.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the optical and electrical characteristics of a single-junction solar cell based on a green-colour dye vanadyl 2,9,16, 23-tetraphenoxy-29H, 31H-phthalocyanine (VOPcPhO). The use of soluble vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative makes it very attractive for photovoltaic applications due to its tunable properties and high solubility. Design/methodology/approach – A photoactive layer of VOPcPhO has been sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminium (Al) electrodes to produce a ITO/PEDOT:PSS/VOPcPhO/Al photovoltaic device. The VOPcPhO thin film is deposited by a simple spin coating technique. To obtain the optimal thickness for the solar cell device, different thicknesses of the photoactive layer, achieved by manipulating the spin rate, have been investigated. Findings – The device exhibited photovoltaic effect with the values of Jsc, Voc and FF equal to 5.26 × 10-6 A/cm2, 0.621 V and 0.33, respectively. The electronic parameters of the cell have been obtained from the analysis of current-voltage characteristics measured in dark. The values of ideality factor and barrier height were found to be 2.69 and 0.416 eV, respectively. The optical examination showed that the material is sensitive to light in the UV region between 270 nm and 410 nm, as well as in the visible spectrum within the range of 630 nm and 750 nm. Research limitations/implications – The solar cell based on a single layer of vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative results in low efficiency, which can be enhanced by introducing a variety of donor materials to form bulk heterojunction solar cells. Practical implications – The spin coating technique provides a simple, less expensive and effective approach for preparing thin films. Originality/value – A novel thin-film, single-junction organic solar cell, fabricated by using VOPcPhO, has been investigated for the first time ever. The vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative together with a donor material will have potential application for improved efficiency of the solar cells.

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Nie, Wanyi, Robert Coffin, Jiwen Liu, Christopher M. MacNeill, Yuan Li, Ronald E. Noftle, and David L. Carroll. "Exploring Spray-Coating Techniques for Organic Solar Cell Applications." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/175610.

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We have investigated spray coating as a novel processing method for organic solar cell fabrication. In this work, spraying parameters and organic solvent influences have been correlated with cell performance. Using airbrush fabrication, bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on a new low band gap donor material: poly[(4,8-bis(1-pentylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4,7-diyl] with the C60-derivative (6,6)-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor, have achieved power conversion efficiencies over 3%. We show that airbrush fabrication can be carried out with simple solvents such as pristine 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Moreover, the influence of device active area has been studied and the 1 cm2device by spray coating maintained an excellent power conversion efficiency of 3.02% on average.

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Islam, Zahoor Ul, Muhammad Tahir, Waqar Adil Syed, Fakhra Aziz, Fazal Wahab, Suhana Mohd Said, Mahidur R. Sarker, Sawal Hamid Md Ali, and Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri. "Fabrication and Photovoltaic Properties of Organic Solar Cell Based on Zinc Phthalocyanine." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040962.

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Herein, we report thin films’ characterizations and photovoltaic properties of an organic semiconductor zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). To study the former, a 100 nm thick film of ZnPc is thermally deposited on quartz glass by using vacuum thermal evaporator at 1.5 × 10−6 mbar. Surface features of the ZnPc film are studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with in situ energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and atomic force microscope (AFM) which reveal uniform film growth, grain sizes and shapes with slight random distribution of the grains. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies are carried out of the ZnPc thin films to measure its optical bandgap (1.55 eV and 3.08 eV) as well as to study chemical composition and bond-dynamics. To explore photovoltaic properties of ZnPc, an Ag/ZnPc/PEDOT:PSS/ITO cell is fabricated by spin coating a 20 nm thick film of hole transport layer (HTL)—poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)—on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate followed by thermal evaporation of a 100 nm layer of ZnPc and 50 nm silver (Ag) electrode. Current-voltage (I-V) properties of the fabricated device are measured in dark as well as under illumination at standard testing conditions (STC), i.e., 300 K, 100 mW/cm2 and 1.5 AM global by using solar simulator. The key device parameters such as ideality factor (n), barrier height ( ϕ b ), junction/interfacial resistance (Rs) and forward current rectification of the device are measured in the dark which exhibit the formation of depletion region. The Ag/ZnPc/PEDOT:PSS/ITO device demonstrates good photovoltaic characteristics by offering 0.48 fill factor (FF) and 1.28 ± 0.05% power conversion efficiency (PCE), η.

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Przybył, Wojciech, Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz, Beata Jewłoszewicz, Agnieszka Dylong, Karolina Dysz, Agnieszka Iwan, and Adam Januszko. "IR thermographic camera as useful and smart tool to analyse defects in organic solar cells." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.976.

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The main goal of this paper was to show that organic layers prepared for organic solar cells construction can be partially characterized by IR thermographic camera to detect dysfunctionalities of the active layer. Moreover, we used IR thermographic camera to check thermal and electrical behaviour of created simple solar cells to reduce time and cost in global production of solar cells. As model system organic compounds such as PTB7 polymer and small molecule PC71BM as commercial components and newly synthesized imine PV-BLJ-SC11 there were used, to construct simple devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. D. G. I. Jayawardena, L. J. Rozanski, C. A. Mills, M. J. Beliatis, N. A. Nismy, S. R. P. Silva, "Inorganics-in-Organics’: recent developments and outlook for 4G polymer solar cells", Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 8411-8427. CrossRef Y. Lin, X. Zhan, "Oligomer Molecules for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics", Accounts of Chemical Research, 2016, 49, 175-183. CrossRef R. Steim, S. A. Choulis, P. Schilinsky, U. Lemmer, C. J. Brabec, "Formation and impact of hot spots on the performance of organic photovoltaic cells", Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 94, 043304. CrossRef J. Hepp, F. Machui, H. J. Egelhaaf, C. J. Brabec, A. Vetter, "Automatized analysis of IR‐images of photovoltaic modules and its use for quality control of solar cells", Energy Science and Engineering. 2016, 4, 363-371. CrossRef H. Hoppe, J. Bachmann, B. Muhsin, K. H. Drüe, I. Riedel, G. Gobsch, C. Buerhop-Lutz, C. J. Brabec, V. Dyakonov, "Quality control of polymer solar modules by lock-in thermography", Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 107, 014505. CrossRef J. Bachmann, C. Buerhop-Lutz, C. Deibel, I. Riedel, H. Hoppe, C. J. Brabec, V. Dyakonov, "Organic solar cells characterized by dark lock-in thermography", Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2010, 94, 642-647. CrossRef A. Różycka, K. A. Bogdanowicz, N. Górska, J. Rysz, M. Marzec, A. Iwan, R. Pich, A. Januszko, "Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Liquid Crystalline, Structural and Electrochemical Properties of (8Z)-N-(4-((Z)-(4-pentylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-pentylbenzenamine", Materials, 2019, 12, 1097. CrossRef M. L. Petrus, R. K. M. Bouwer, U. Lafont, S. Athanasopoulos, N. C. Greenham, T. J. Dingemans, "Small-molecule azomethines: organic photovoltaics via Schiff base condensation chemistry", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2, 9474-9477. CrossRef K. A. Bogdanowicz, A. Iwan, "Symmetrical Imines with Trirphenylamine Core and the Method of Obtaining Thereof.", March 11th 2019, patent application P.429044. DirectLink K. P. Korona, T. Korona, D. Rutkowska-Zbik, S. Grankowska-Ciechanowicz, A. Iwan, M. Kamińska, "Polyazomethine as a component of solar cells-theoretical and optical study", Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2015, 86, 186-193. CrossRef

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Pekdemir, Fatih, Sertan Kurnalı, Abdurrahman Şengül, Ahmet Altındal, Ali Rıza Özkaya, Bekir Salih, and Özer Bekaroğlu. "A conformationally stressed novel ball-type perylenediimide appended zinc(ii)phthalocyanine hybrid: spectroelectrochemical, electrocolorimetric and photovoltaic properties." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 1 (2015): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01761g.

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Xie, F. X., C. J. Liang, Z. Q. He, and Y. L. Tao. "Polymer Photovoltaic Cell UsingTiO2/G-PEDOT Nanocomplex Film as Electrode." International Journal of Photoenergy 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/415861.

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UsingTiO2/G-PEDOT (PEDOT/PSS doped with glycerol) nanocomplex film as a substitute for metal electrode in organic photovoltaic cell is described. Indium tin oxide (ITO) worked as cathode andTiO2/G-PEDOT nanocomplex works as anode. The thickness ofTiO2layer in nanocomplex greatly affects the act of this nonmetallic electrode of the device. To enhance its performance, this inverted organic photovoltaic cell uses anotherTiO2layer as electron selective layer contacted to ITO coated glass substrates. All films made by solution processing techniques are coated on the transparent substrate (glass) with a conducting film ITO. The efficiency of this solar cell is compared with the conventional device using Al as electrode.

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Anagnostou, Katerina, Minas M. Stylianakis, Konstantinos Petridis, and Emmanuel Kymakis. "Building an Organic Solar Cell: Fundamental Procedures for Device Fabrication." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112188.

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This laboratory experiment is designed to train undergraduate students in the fundamental steps followed in engineering solution-processed organic solar cells and to offer insight on the operating principles of said device. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells represent a photovoltaic architecture which has attracted a lot of attention due to its promising properties; moreover, this architecture, due to its low cost and potential, is continuously being investigated and improved. This paper is intended as a useful step-by-step guide for students and researchers to learn how to construct such a device. Another primary objective of this article is to highlight the importance of optimizing device performance through enhancing the optical, electrical, and morphological properties of the materials selected as building blocks. Once a completed organic solar cell is made, students will also learn how to investigate and assess its performance through a series of spectroscopic, electrical, and morphological characterization measurements.

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Kim, Yu Jin, Jang Yeol Baek, Jong-jin Ha, Dae Sung Chung, Soon-Ki Kwon, Chan Eon Park, and Yun-Hi Kim. "A high-performance solution-processed small molecule: alkylselenophene-substituted benzodithiophene organic solar cell." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 25 (2014): 4937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00187g.

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A novel small molecule with alkylselenophene-substituted benzodithiophene unit,BDTSe-TTPD, showed strong light absorption, low HOMO level and photovoltaic characteristics with power conversion efficiency as high as 4.37%.

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Daniel, Susan G., B. Devu, and C. O. Sreekala. "Active Layer Thickness Optimization for Maximum Efficiency in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012017.

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Abstract Organic solar cell (OSC) is one of the best promising candidate for harvesting energy mainly due to their simple and economic fabrication process, the reduced manufacturing cost, and easy integration to other products. Bulk heterojunction solar cell in which the active layer is a blend of donor –acceptor materials are one of the best organic photovoltaic device with highest efficiency and a significant improvement in the device performance occur over last years. Bulk heterojunction architecture gives a high interfacial surface area for efficient charge dissociation. In this study, bulk heterojunction solar cell is simulated using General Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model Software. A donor-acceptor blend of Zinc pthalocyanine (ZnPc) fullerene C60 is used as the active layer. The power conversion efficiency for various thickness of the active layer is studied. Optimization of active layer thickness for maximum power conversion efficiency are done. The dependence of various electrical parameters such as short circuit current density(Jsc), Open circuit voltage(Voc), fill factor (FF), average carrier mobility on power conversion efficiency are also studied.

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Singh, Satbir, Amarpal Singh, and Navneet Kaur. "Efficiency Investigations of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid ZnO Nanoparticles Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Materials 2016 (September 29, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9081346.

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The present research study focuses upon the synthesis, characterization, and performances of optoelectronic properties of organic-inorganic (hybrid) ZnO based dye sensitized solar cells. Initially, polymer dye A was synthesized using condensation reaction between 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and polyethylenimine and was capped to ZnO nanoparticles. Size and morphology of polymer dye A capped ZnO nanoparticles were analyzed using DLS, SEM, and XRD analysis. Further, the polymer dye was added to ruthenium metal complex (RuCl3) to form polymer-ruthenium composite dye B. Absorption and emission profiles of polymer dye A and polymer-ruthenium composite dye B capped ZnO nanoparticles were monitored using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Polymer dye A and polymer-ruthenium composite dye B capped ZnO nanoparticles were further processed to solar cells using wet precipitation method under room temperature. The results of investigations revealed that, after addition of ruthenium chloride (RuCl3) metal complex dye, the light harvesting capacity of ZnO solar cell was enhanced compared to polymer dye A capped ZnO based solar cell. The polymer-ruthenium composite dye B capped ZnO solar cell exhibited good photovoltaic performance with excellent cell parameters, that is, exciting open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.70 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 11.6 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.65. A maximum photovoltaic cell efficiency of 5.28% had been recorded under standard air mass (AM 1.5) simulated solar illuminations for polymer-ruthenium composite dye B based hybrid ZnO solar cell. The power conversion efficiency of hybrid ZnO based dye sensitized solar cell was enhanced by 1.78% and 3.88% compared to polymer dye A (concentrated) and polymer dye A (diluted) capped ZnO based dye sensitized solar cells, respectively. The hybrid organic/inorganic ZnO nanostructures can be implemented in a variety of optoelectronic applications in the future of clean and green technology.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic photovoltaic solar cell'

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