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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic pollutants in water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Wegman, Ronald C. C., Peter H. A. M. Melis, and Björn Josefsson. "Organic Pollutants in Water." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 4 (1986): 281–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408348608085546.

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2

Wegman, Ronald C. C., Peter H. A. M. Melis, and Björn Josefsson. "Organic Pollutants in Water." C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 4 (January 1986): 281–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408348608542789.

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3

Ye, Lin, Nirmala N. Khandan, and Findlay G. Edwards. "Biological treatment of airstreams contaminated with organic vapors." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0311.

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Increases in regulatory control of discharges of organic vapors require improvement of traditional methods of removal and treatment of organic vapors from airstreams. The traditional methods of removal, various forms of adsorption, only change the phase of the pollutants. Subsequent treatment of the pollutants has proven to be energy intensive and therefore expensive. Biological treatment of organics has proven to be inexpensive but requires that the organics be in dissolved form, in the liquid phase, and at a concentration above a minimum concentration. Adsorption of organics in the gas phase onto activated carbon, which is suspended in water, will remove the pollutants from the gas phase and can increase the aqueous concentration, in the region around each activated carbon particle, above the required minimum for biological degradation. The organic pollutants can then be biodegraded leaving harmless by-products. Design of a reactor to provide for the phase change and the biodegradation of the pollutant requires development of a theoretical model and validation of the model.
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4

Daewel, Ute, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Corinna Schrum, Luca Nizzetto, and Elena Mikheeva. "Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea." Water 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030817.

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Using the North Sea as a case scenario, a combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-pollutant model was applied for simulating the seasonal variability of the distribution of hydrophobic chemical pollutants in a marine water body. The model was designed in a nested framework including a hydrodynamic block (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM)), a biogeochemical block (Oxygen Depletion Model (OxyDep)), and a pollutant-partitioning block (PolPar). Pollutants can be (1) transported via advection and turbulent diffusion, (2) get absorbed and released by a dynamic pool of particulate and dissolved organic matter, and (3) get degraded. Our model results indicate that the seasonality of biogeochemical processes, including production, sinking, and decay, favors the development of hot spots with particular high pollutant concentrations in intermediate waters of biologically highly active regions and seasons, and it potentially increases the exposure of feeding fish to these pollutants. In winter, however, thermal convection homogenizes the water column and destroys the vertical stratification of the pollutant. A significant fraction of the previously exported pollutants is then returned to the water surface and becomes available for exchange with the atmosphere, potentially turning the ocean into a secondary source for pollutants. Moreover, we could show that desorption from aging organic material in the upper aphotic zone is expected to retard pollutants transfer and burial into sediments; thus, it is considerably limiting the effectiveness of the biological pump for pollutant exports.
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5

Huang, Wenyu, Ying Huang, Shuangfei Wang, Hongfei Lin, and Gilles Mailhot. "Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol by Ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic Acid-Modified Photo-Fenton System: Effects of Chemical Compounds Present in Natural Waters." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010029.

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This paper describes a study of the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) with an ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic-acid (EDDS)-modified photo-Fenton system in ultrapure water and different natural waters. The results showed that the EDDS-modified photo-Fenton system is adequate for 2,4-DCP degradation. Compared with a medium containing a single organic pollutant, the removal of pollutants in a more complex medium consisting of two organic compounds is slower by around 25 to 50% as a function of the organic pollutant. Moreover, 2,4-DCP can be further effectively degraded in the presence of organic materials and various inorganic ions. However, the photodegradation of 2,4-DCP in different natural waters, including natural lake water, effluent from domestic sewage treatment plants, and secondary effluent from pulp and paper mill wastewaters, is inhibited. Chemical compounds present in natural waters have different influences on the degradation of 2,4-DCP by adopting the EDDS-modified photo-Fenton system. In any case, the results obtained in this work show that the EDDS-modified photo-Fenton system can effectively degrade pollutants in a natural water body, which makes it a promising technology for treating pollutants in natural water bodies.
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6

Song, Xia, Nana Nyarko Mensah, Yuting Wen, Jingling Zhu, Zhongxing Zhang, Wui Siew Tan, Xinwei Chen, and Jun Li. "β-Cyclodextrin-Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165031.

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Water pollution by various toxic substances remains a serious environmental problem, especially the occurrence of organic micropollutants including endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical pollutants and naphthol pollutants. Adsorption process has been an effective method for pollutant removal in wastewater treatment. However, the thermal regeneration process for the most widely used activated carbon is costly and energy-consuming. Therefore, there has been an increasing need to develop alternative low-cost and effective adsorption materials for pollutant removal. Herein, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cheap and versatile material, was modified with methacrylate groups by reacting with methacryloyl chloride, giving an average degree of substitution of 3 per β-CD molecule. β-CD-methacrylate, which could function as a crosslinker, was then copolymerized with acrylamide monomer via free-radical copolymerization to form β-CD-polyacrylamide (β-CD-PAAm) hydrogel. Interestingly, in the structure of the β-CD-PAAm hydrogel, β-CD is not only a functional unit binding pollutant molecules through inclusion complexation, but also a structural unit crosslinking PAAm leading to the formation of the hydrogel 3D networks. Morphological studies showed that β-CD-PAAm gel had larger pore size than the control PAAm gel, which was synthesized using conventional crosslinker instead of β-CD-methacrylate. This was consistent with the higher swelling ratio of β-CD-PAAm gel than that of PAAm gel (29.4 vs. 12.7). In the kinetic adsorption studies, phenolphthalein, a model dye, and bisphenol A, propranolol hydrochloride, and 2-naphthol were used as model pollutants from different classes. The adsorption data for β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the thermodynamic studies revealed that β-CD-PAAm gel was able to effectively adsorb the different dye and pollutants at various concentrations, while the control PAAm gel had very low adsorption, confirming that the pollutant removal was due to the inclusion complexation between β-CD units and pollutant molecules. The adsorption isotherms of the different dye and pollutants by the β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the Langmuir model. Furthermore, the β-CD-PAAm gel could be easily recycled by soaking in methanol and reused without compromising its performance for five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Therefore, the β-CD-PAAm gel, which combines the advantage of an easy-to-handle hydrogel platform and the effectiveness of adsorption by β-CD units, could be a promising pollutant removal system for wastewater treatment applications.
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7

Björklund, Karin, Ann-Margret Strömvall, and Per-Arne Malmqvist. "Screening of organic contaminants in urban snow." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.642.

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Snowmelt is known to cause peak concentrations of pollutants, which may adversely affect receiving water quality. High concentrations of metals and suspended solids in snow have been reported, whereas studies on organic pollutants are rare. This study aims at investigating the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in urban snow in Gothenburg (Sweden). The most frequently detected organic pollutants in the collected snow samples were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), high molecular-weight phthalates, 4-nonylphenol and 4-t-octylphenol. Brominated flame retardants and chlorinated paraffins were only sporadically detected. In several snow samples, the concentrations of specific PAHs, alkylphenols and phthalates were higher than reported stormwater concentrations and European water quality standards. Pollutant source identification and sustainable management of snow are important instruments for the mitigation of organic contaminants in the urban environment.
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8

Serrano, B., and H. de Lasa. "Photocatalytic degradation of water organic pollutants: pollutant reactivity and kinetic modeling." Chemical Engineering Science 54, no. 15-16 (July 1999): 3063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(98)00478-3.

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9

Nikoonahad, Ali, Babak Djahed, Samira Norzaee, Hadi Eslami, Zahra Derakhshan, Mohammad Miri, Yadolah Fakhri, et al. "An overview report on the application of heteropoly acids on supporting materials in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions." PeerJ 6 (September 12, 2018): e5501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5501.

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Organic pollutants contaminate water resources and the environment when discharged into water streams. Also, the presence of these materials in incompletely treated or untreated wastewater leads to serious environmental hazards. The hydroxyl radicals and holes are regarded as the most oxidant species in the degradation of organic pollutants using the studied composites. The results of this review show that heteropoly acids on supporting materials could be considered as appropriate photocatalysts in the removal of organic pollutant from aqueous solutions.
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10

Xu, Fu-Liu, Sven Erik Jorgensen, Yoshihisa Shimizu, and Eugen Silow. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Fresh Water Ecosystems." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/303815.

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11

Domı́nguez, C., J. Garcı́a, M. A. Pedraz, A. Torres, and M. A. Galán. "Photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in water." Catalysis Today 40, no. 1 (February 1998): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(97)00125-9.

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12

Bao, Lian-Jun, Keith A. Maruya, Shane A. Snyder, and Eddy Y. Zeng. "China's water pollution by persistent organic pollutants." Environmental Pollution 163 (April 2012): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.022.

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13

Somma, Simona, Ernesto Reverchon, and Lucia Baldino. "Water Purification of Classical and Emerging Organic Pollutants: An Extensive Review." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (August 7, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030047.

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The main techniques used for organic pollutant removal from water are adsorption, reductive and oxidative processes, phytoremediation, bioremediation, separation by membranes and liquid–liquid extraction. In this review, strengths and weaknesses of the different purification techniques are discussed, with particular attention to the newest results published in the scientific literature. This study highlighted that adsorption is the most frequently used method for water purification, since it can balance high organic pollutants removal efficiency, it has the possibility to treat a large quantity of water in semi-continuous way and has acceptable costs.
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14

Brodzik, Krzysztof, Jerzy Walendziewski, and Marek Stolarski. "Photodegradation of organic compounds in water." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0072-1.

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Photodegradation of organic compounds in water The application of photocatalytic processes for the decontamination treatment of polluted water has inspired very extensive studies. Titanium dioxide with its large band gap energy and appropriate redox potential was found as one of the most promising semiconductors for the photodegradation of pollutants in the water as well as in gas phase. The titania-silica aerogels obtained by a simple co-hydrolysis method was applied in the photodegradation of the model organic compound. Different ageing times and heat treatment temperatures were found to influence both the activity and the textural properties of the photocatalysts. The obtained aerogels are efficient photodegradation catalysts of methylene blue and allow a removal up to 98 and 78% of the model pollutant from 20 and 500 ppm solutions, respectively.
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15

Adegoke, Kayode Adesina, Rhoda Oyeladun Oyewole, Bukola Morenike Lasisi, and Olugbenga Solomon Bello. "Abatement of organic pollutants using fly ash based adsorbents." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 10 (July 28, 2017): 2580–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.437.

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Abstract The presence of organic pollutants in the environment is of major concern because of their toxicity, bio-accumulating tendency, threat to human life and the environment. It is a well-known fact that, these pollutants can damage nerves, liver, and bones and could also block functional groups of essential enzymes. Conventional methods for removing dissolved pollutants include chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, filtration, ion-exchange, electrochemical treatment, application of membrane technology, evaporation recovery and biological treatment. Although all the pollutant treatment techniques can be employed, they have their inherent advantages and limitations. Among all these methods, adsorption process is considered better than other methods because of convenience, easy operation and simplicity of design. A fundamentally important characteristic of good adsorbents is their high porosity and consequent larger surface area with more specific adsorption sites. This paper presents a review of adsorption of different pollutants using activated carbon prepared from fly ash sources and the attendant environmental implications. Also, the ways of overcoming barriers to fly ash utilization together with regeneration studies are also discussed.
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16

Sablayrolles, C., A. Breton, C. Vialle, C. Vignoles, and M. Montréjaud-Vignoles. "Priority organic pollutants in the urban water cycle (Toulouse, France)." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.580.

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Application of the European Water Framework Directive requires Member States to have better understanding of the quality of surface waters in order to improve knowledge of priority pollutants. Xenobiotics in urban receiving waters are an emerging concern. This study proposes a screening campaign of nine molecular species of xenobiotics in a separated sewer system. Five sites were investigated over one year in Toulouse (France) using quantitative monitoring. For each sample, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, nonylphenols, diethelhexylphthalate, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, methyl tert-butylether, total hydrocarbons, estradiol and ethinylestradiol were analysed. Ground, rain and roof collected water concentrations are similar to treated wastewater levels. Run-off water was the most polluted of the five types investigated, discharged into the aquatic environment. The wastewater treatment plant reduced xenobiotic concentrations by 66% before discharge into the environment. Regarding environmental quality standards, observed concentrations in waters were in compliance with standards. The results show that xenobiotic concentrations are variable over time and space in all urban water compartments.
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17

Shabalina, A. V., G. M. Mokrousov, E. D. Fakhrutdinova, T. I. Izaak, and J. J. Wu. "Water Ozonation with Copper Catalyst for Organic Pollutants Removal." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 14, no. 3 (May 23, 2012): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj117.

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This work presents high-porous honeycomb copper catalyst for organic pollutants removal from water during the ozonation process. This catalyst demonstrates high efficiency in removing target compounds (oxalic and benzoic acids and methylene blue), appropriate stability and resistance to abrasion. Copper catalyst behavior in the ozonation process was investigated. It was found that under ozonation conditions reversible oxidation/reduction of the copper surface layer takes place. In contact with ozone, copper surface can easily be oxidized resulting in formation of copper oxides. As expected, it leads to decomposition of organic substances during ozonation and reduction of copper catalyst surface layer. Copper (II) oxide was also found to be an active catalyst in oxidation of organic pollutants with ozone, but it is not appropriate to use bulk CuO because of its low abrasion resistance. Copper (II) ions that form due to dissolution of catalyst surface layer with participation of the acidic medium in the ozonation process were detected. Pollutants removal efficiency at different pH values was also studied. It was found that catalytic removal of organic pollutants takes place at low pH, as compared to low efficiency of hydroxyl-radical formation at the acidic pH. A possible scheme for organic pollutants removal during ozonation with copper catalyst was proposed.
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18

Chiang, Li-Choung, Juu-En Chang, and Shu-Chuan Tseng. "Electrochemical oxidation pretreatment of refractory organic pollutants." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (July 1, 1997): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0499.

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Refractory pollutants, including lignin, tannic acid, chlortetracycline, and EDTA, were destroyed by an electrochemical oxidation method to evaluate the applicability of this method for industrial wastewater pretreatment. Operation parameters, such as supporting electrolyte, current density, and electrolyte concentration, have been investigated for their influences on COD removal efficiencies during electrolysis. In addition, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Microtox test, and total organic halogen (TOX) analyses were performed to monitor the changes of organic characteristics of these refractory pollutants. Experimental results show that, among sulfate, nitrate, and chloride, chloride was the best supporting electrolyte, and during electrolysis, both COD and color removal efficiencies were improved by increasing current density and chloride concentration. From GPC analysis results, the electrochemical oxidation process readily destroys high-molecular-weight (HMW) organics. Microtox test results also show that the process can reduce the toxicity of these refractory organic compounds. In addition, TOX concentrations were found to increase at the beginning but then decline during the electrolysis. The above results suggest that the electrochemical oxidation process, which has good efficacy for detoxification and destruction of refractory pollutants, is a promising method for wastewater pretreatment.
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19

Petrov, S. V., S. G. Bondarenko, A. V. Pastushenko, and K. V. Vovnenko. "PLASMA-CHEMICAL PROCESS CONTROL OF WATER PURIFICATION FROM PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTION." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2019.06.

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The urgency of work is connected with the need to find alternative methods of water purification from persistent organic pollutants, which will satisfy the level of quality of treated water and will meet modern environmental requirements and sanitary norms of sewage quality and electrical energy. The efficiency of the method of electrodischarge water purification from persistent organic pollutants has been experimentally determined. The SCADA-system, which provides data processing and management of water treatment processes from persistent organic pollutants, is developed. Digitizing oscillograms using the Origin Pro environment. The values of power, energy consumption for water purification from phenol are determined. Determine the efficiency of the plant to clean water from persistent organic pollutants. To visualize and control the process of water purification, a technological scheme was built in the environment of Trace Mode 6. Bibl. 13, Fig. 10. Tab. 3.
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20

Wang, Hao, Dengling Jiang, Yong Yang, and Guoping Cao. "Analysis of chemical reaction kinetics of depredating organic pollutants from secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant in constructed wetlands." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.521.

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Four subsurface constructed wetlands were built to treat the secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant in Tangshan, China. The chemical pollutant indexes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollutants from the secondary effluent of the wastewater treatment plant. In all cases, the subsurface constructed wetlands were efficient in treating organic pollutants. Under the same hydraulic loading condition, the horizontal flow wetlands exhibited better efficiency of COD removal than vertical flow wetlands: the removal rates in horizontal flow wetlands could be maintained at 68.4 ± 2.42% to 92.2 ± 1.61%, compared with 63.8 ± 1.19% to 85.0 ± 1.25% in the vertical flow wetlands. Meanwhile, the chemical reaction kinetics of organic pollutants was analyzed, and the results showed that the degradation courses of the four subsurface wetlands all corresponded with the first order reaction kinetics to a large extent.
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21

Tahboub, Yahya R., Mohammad F. Zaater, and Dima F. Khater. "Semi-volatile organic pollutants in Jordanian surface water." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 10 (May 2017): S3318—S3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.01.011.

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22

Han, Dongmei, and Matthew J. Currell. "Persistent organic pollutants in China's surface water systems." Science of The Total Environment 580 (February 2017): 602–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.007.

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23

Artemenko, S. V., P. Krijgsman, and V. A. Mazur. "Phase behavior of organic pollutants in supercritical water." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 4, no. 7 (December 2010): 1114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793110070110.

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24

Bulai, Iulia Martina, and Ezio Venturino. "Biodegradation of organic pollutants in a water body." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 54, no. 7 (February 3, 2016): 1387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-016-0603-1.

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25

YANG, C. "Butane extraction of model organic pollutants from water." Journal of Hazardous Materials 108, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.12.007.

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26

Acher, A. J. "Sunlight Photooxidation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1985): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0165.

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The material presented represents results of a research on a new method for using solar energy for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. This research seeks to develop economical methods of disinfection and detoxification of wastewaters which would result in the reuse of effluents for crop irrigation. Aerated effluents containing dye-sensitizers were exposed to solar irradiation for various periods of time. The influence of the solar energy, absorbed by these sensitizers in the visible range, on the organic matter and anionic surfactants in secondary effluents was checked by determining the COD and MBAS values of treated wastewater. The disinfection potential of this method was followed by bacteriological analyses of running water or secondary effluents, previously contaminated or enriched, respectively, with laboratory cultures of E. coli, bacteriophages (coliphage X and F2) and polio virus (type L-Sc 1). The influence of this photooxidative method was also studied in eutrophic algae present in the Lake of Galilee. It was found that the conditions under which disinfection proceeds also support algicidal processes, causing lethal damage to algal cultures. Further investigations on stable pesticides (uracil, s-triazine and anilide derivatives) in surface water or industrial wastewater showed that such a method can also be used for detoxifying pesticides in these waters.
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Stoian, Oana, Cristina Ileana Covaliu, Gigel Paraschiv, Mihai Nita-Lazar, and Ioana-Corina Moga. "Photodegradable organic pollutants from wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128603017.

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Nowadays, environmental pollution is constantly increasing, and depollution is the most important challenge of the 21st century. This paper is a review of organic pollutants in wastewater that can be removed by the photocatalysis process. Also are presented specialized studies that demonstrate the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater and the experimental conditions necessary to obtain high treatment efficiencies. The important classes of pollutants in wastewater are hydrocarbons, halo compounds, carbonyl derivatives, alcohols, phenols, pesticides, surfactants, nitrogen containing compounds and dyes, and represent a major source of water pollution. These organic pollutants are photodegradable and can be easily removed by the photocatalysis process.
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Pang, Chang Long, Fang Ma, Li Wang, and Li Wei. "Performance on Organic Pollution Removal of O3-IBAC in Advanced Drinking Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.784.

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Conventional drinking water treatment has low removal efficiencies for micro-organic pollutants, which made it important to study new technologies of water treatment. The purification efficiency and mechanisms of micro polluted drinking water by Ozone/Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon (O3/IBAC) was investigated. The GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) has become IBAC by using the twelve strains of efficient engineering bacterium. A GC/MS analysis revealed that conventional treatment processes could not remove micro-organic pollutants efficiently. The O3-IBAC has a high performance of the organic pollutants removal. 16 kinds of the organic pollutants have been removed completely after the process of IBAC, and the variety of the typical toxic pollutants has decreased from 6 to 2. The amount of the total organic pollutants of the IBAC effluent has decreased 89.7% while that in the conventional treatment effluent was less than 40%. The safety and health of drinking water can be ensured by the O3-IBAC process.
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Khalid, Farah Eryssa, Zheng Syuen Lim, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Azham Zulkharnain, and Siti Aqlima Ahmad. "Bioremediation of Diesel Contaminated Marine Water by Bacteria: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020155.

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Oil pollution can cause tremendous harm and risk to the water ecosystem and organisms due to the relatively recalcitrant hydrocarbon compounds. The current chemical method used to treat the ecosystem polluted with diesel is incompetent and expensive for a large-scale treatment. Thus, bioremediation technique seems urgent and requires more attention to solve the existing environmental problems. Biological agents, including microorganisms, carry out the biodegradation process where organic pollutants are mineralized into water, carbon dioxide, and less toxic compounds. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in the nature and often exploited for their specialty to bioremediate the oil-polluted area. The capability of these bacteria to utilize hydrocarbon compounds as a carbon source is the main reason behind their species exploitation. Recently, microbial remediation by halophilic bacteria has received many positive feedbacks as an efficient pollutant degrader. These halophilic bacteria are also considered as suitable candidates for bioremediation in hypersaline environments. However, only a few microbial species have been isolated with limited available information on the biodegradation of organic pollutants by halophilic bacteria. The fundamental aspect for successful bioremediation includes selecting appropriate microbes with a high capability of pollutant degradation. Therefore, high salinity bacteria are remarkable microbes for diesel degradation. This paper provides an updated overview of diesel hydrocarbon degradation, the effects of oil spills on the environment and living organisms, and the potential role of high salinity bacteria to decontaminate the organic pollutants in the water environment.
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Kuruvilla, Elizabeth, C. Freeda Christy, and A. Samson Nesaraj. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic, Inorganic and Microbial Pollutants Present in Water by Novel Materials: A Critical Review and Present Update." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 10 (2021): 2251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23317.

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Presently water pollution is the one of the major threats faced by living things all over the world. The main cause of water pollution is its effect on the life of aquatic animals. Organic, inorganic, microbial and other pollutants often mix with water bodies mainly due to human activities. Because of the presence of pollutants in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen level can be decreased which in turn affect the survival of aquatic life. The pollutant water may enter the agriculture fields and damage the plants extensively. The methods, such as, coagulation, adsorption, foam floating, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization, etc. are presently employed to treat the waste water. Among these methods, heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation is considered to be a good method because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. In this review, the decontamination of different kinds of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water with different photocatalysts process is presented.
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Lee, Chee Huei, Bishnu Tiwari, Dongyan Zhang, and Yoke Khin Yap. "Water purification: oil–water separation by nanotechnology and environmental concerns." Environmental Science: Nano 4, no. 3 (2017): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6en00505e.

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Organic pollutants from synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) and oil spills have led to significant water contamination. This article review the progress of oil–water separation using nanotechnology and the concern of water contamination by nanomaterials.
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Xu, Dong Ying, and Xi Wu Lv. "The Research of Degradation about 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene by Microorganism on Different Experiment Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.666.

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Artificial media was used to enrich microbe and improve the water resource quality, therefore trace quantity organic pollutants of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene were biodegraded. The result of the experiment showed that, after domestication, the micro association enriched in the assembled medium could remove corresponding trace quantity organic pollutants in some concentration. When the temperature was 30 degree centigrade, the pH was between 6 and 9, the effect was the best about the removal on trace-quantity-organic pollutants water. A strain of bacteria was separated．At the same time, the congener trace quantity organic pollutants could be biodegraded. When the HRT was 6 days, the removal of trace quantity organic pollutants was between 70%～95%. It is evident that the trace quantity organic pollutants of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the source water quality from Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake can be well degraded by enriched microbes on the artificial media.
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33

Radwan, Eman Hashem, Mennat Alllah Khaled Saber, Mohie Eldin Khaled Saber, and Gehan H. Fahmy. "The Impact Of Some Organic And Inorganic Pollutants On Fresh Water (Rashid, River Nile), Egypt." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY 10, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 2133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jab.v10i2.6481.

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Pollution of fresh water with organic pollutants and heavy metals has an impact on the environment of the River Nile in Egypt. The environment has become increasingly contaminated by inorganic and organic pollutants which accumulate in the food chain and affect the human health. The pollution of the fresh water environment by heavy metals and organic pollutants is due to the increasing action of flowing out discharge from various industries. Three heavy metals; Cu, Pb, and Zn and organic pollutants as DDT, Chlordane, dieldrin and butylene were investigated in the present study in freshwater and sediment during the year (Autumn2016-summer2017) .The investigated samples were collected from Rashid, Egypt. The present study reported that the mean concentration level of both heavy metals and organic pollutants were correlated in the sediment and in the fresh water of Rashid at p< 0.001.
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34

Yamada, Kiyoshi, Tatsuya Umehara, and Atsushi Ichiki. "Study on Statistical Characteristics of Nonpoint Pollutants Deposited in Urban Areas." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0429.

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The objective of this study is to clarify the statistical characteristics of pollutants deposited in urban areas, taking account of stages (road surfaces, street inlets and streams) and land uses where they accumulated, from surveys over a period of 16 years in Kyoto City. The result of correlation analysis showed that there are intimate relationship between grain size and such pollutants as organic matter and nutrients. It showed the dependence of pollutants on grain size. After principal component analysis, the distribution of principal factor loading showed that the first and the second components meant the type of pollution and the physical property of pollutants. The distribution of the principal factor score showed that each land use had different pollutant characteristics. On the other hand, the characteristics of the pollutants that accumulated on a road surface were shown to be affected by storms, and nutrients were more likely to run off in a storm than organic matter. The content rate of pollutants accumulated in a stream was shown to decrease in proportion to the progress of sewer construction, but it was also shown that the rate of some pollutants has not changed in the area of a separate sewer system. As a result, some valuable information for the control of nonpoint pollutants in urban area was obtained.
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35

Michelbach, S., and C. Wöhrle. "Settleable Solids from Combined Sewers: Settling, Stormwater Treatment, and Sedimentation Rates in Rivers." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0655.

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Settleable solids are an important pathway for pollutants found in river sediments. To study settling behaviour of settleable solids, settling velocity was measured by a settling apparatus. Special measurements were undertaken to determine the relationship between the settling distribution of settleable solids and their pollutant load - organic mass, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metals and organic micropollutants. To calculate where settleable solids from combined sewer systems will settle in receiving waters, the settling distribution is also useful. The results of a three-year research indicate that stormwater treatment by settling is effective in preventing adverse environmental impacts of combined sewage pollutants.
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36

Nikonova, A. "Organic synthetic anionic surfactants as persistent organic pollutants of water ecosystems." Limnology and Freshwater Biology, no. 4 (2020): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2020-a-4-620.

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Ameta, Rakshit, Surbhi Benjamin, Aarti Ameta, and Suresh C. Ameta. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.247.

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Water pollution is increasing at an ever increasing pace and the whole world is in the cancerous grip of this pollution. Various industries are discharging their untreated effluents into the nearby water resources; thus, adding to the existing water pollution to a great extent. Hence, there is a pressing demand to develop an alternate technology for wastewater treatment and in this context; photocatalysis has emerged as an Advanced Oxidation Process with green chemical approach for such a treatment. This chapter deals with photocatalytic degradation of different kinds of organic pollutants; mainly surfactants, pesticides, dyes, phenols, chloro compounds, nitrogen containing compounds etc. Mechanisms of their degradation have also been discussed with hydroxyl and allied radicals as the main active oxidizing species.
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Madikizela, Lawrence Mzukisi. "Removal of organic pollutants in water using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)." Journal of Environmental Management 295 (October 2021): 113153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113153.

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39

Schröder, Horst Fr. "Pollutants in drinking water and waste water." Journal of Chromatography A 643, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80547-l.

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40

Wang, Jinfeng, Takuya Tsuzuki, Bin Tang, Lu Sun, Xiujuan J. Dai, Gayathri D. Rajmohan, Jingliang Li, and Xungai Wang. "Recyclable Textiles Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide@ZnO for Removal of Oil Spills and Dye Pollutants." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13323.

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A novel recyclable and flexible membrane was prepared for the removal of oil spills and organic dye pollutants, by functionalizing polyester textiles with reduced graphene oxide@ZnO nanocomposites using a layer-by-layer technique. The membrane showed efficient water/oil separation, and the amount of oil adsorbed by the membrane could be up to 23 times its own weight. The adsorption capacity was largely retained during many adsorption recycling cycles. The membrane also displayed highly efficient removal of a dye pollutant from water under simulated sunlight. The membrane maintained a near-original removal efficiency after five cycles of dye removal. This new type of membrane may find practical applications in the large-scale separation of organic pollutants from water, particularly in the field of oil spills clean-up and dye removal from industrial effluent.
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41

Roinas, Georgios, Cath Mant, and John B. Williams. "Fate of hydrocarbon pollutants in source and non-source control sustainable drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (November 18, 2013): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.747.

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Sustainable drainage (SuDs) is an established method for managing runoff from developments, and source control is part of accepted design philosophy. However, there are limited studies into the contribution source control makes to pollutant removal, especially for roads. This study examines organic pollutants, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in paired source and non-source control full-scale SuDs systems. Sites were selected to cover local roads, trunk roads and housing developments, with a range of SuDs, including porous asphalt, swales, detention basins and ponds. Soil and water samples were taken bi-monthly over 12 months to assess pollutant loads. Results show first flush patterns in storm events for solids, but not for TPH. The patterns of removal for specific PAHs were also different, reflecting varying physico-chemical properties. The potential of trunk roads for pollution was illustrated by peak runoff for TPH of &gt; 17,000 μg/l. Overall there was no significant difference between pollutant loads from source and non-source control systems, but the dynamic nature of runoff means that longer-term data are required. The outcomes of this project will increase understanding of organic pollutants behaviour in SuDs. This will provide design guidance about the most appropriate systems for treating these pollutants.
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Kim, Jin Ho, Jin Chul Joo, Chae Min Ahn, and Dae Ho Hwang. "Water Quality Assessment of 14 Reservoirs in Geum River Basin Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.3.171.

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Objectives : 14 reservoirs in the Geum river watershed were clustered and classified using the results of factor analysis based on water quality characteristics. Also, correlation analysis between pollutants (land system, living system, livestock system) and water quality characteristics was performed to elucidate the effect of pollutants on water quality.Methods : Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and factor analysis (FA) using water quality data of 14 reservoirs in the Geum river watershed during the last 5 years (2014-2018) were performed to derive the principal components. Then, correlation analysis between principal components and pollutants was performed to verify the feasibility of clustering.Results and Discussion : From the factor analysis (FA) using water quality data of 14 reservoirs in the Geum river watershed, three to six principal components (PCs) were extracted and extracted PCs explained approximately 74% of overall variations in water quality. As a result of clustering reservoirs based on the extracted PCs, the reservoirs clustered by nitrogen and seasonal PCs were Ganwol, Geumgang, and Sapgyo, the reservoirs clustered by organic pollution and internal production PCs were Tapjung, Dae, Seokmun, and Yongdam, the reservoirs clustered by organic pollution, internal production, and phosphorus are Bunam, Yedang, and Cheongcheon, and finally the remaining Boryeong, Daecheong, Chopyeong, and Songak were clustered as other factors. From the correlation analysis between principal components and pollutants, significant correlation between the land, living, and livestock pollutants and water quality characteristics was found in Ganwol, Topjeong, Daeho, Bunam, and Daecheong. These reservoirs are considered to require continuous and careful management of specific (land, living, livestock) pollutants. In terms of water quality and pollutant management, the Ganwol, Sapgyo, and Seokmunho are considered to implement intensive measures to improve water quality and to reduce the input of various pollutants.Conclusions : Although the water quality of the reservoir is a result of complex interactions such as influent water factors, morphological and hydrological factors, internal production factors, and various pollutants, optimized watershed and water quality management measures can be implemented through multivariate statistical analysis.
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Wiktorska, Marlena, and Sławomir Szymczyk. "Role of flow-through lakes in reducing pollutants outgoing from rural areas." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000086.

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This study assessed the water quality in Lake Wydmińskie (Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship) based on the content of both organic and inorganic pollutants flowing into the lake with water from drainage systems. The study demonstrated that the water flowing into the lake through drainage ditches that drain the improved part of the catchment area of the lake, was a potential source of diffuse pollutants and excess chemical components were deposited in the lake which could lead to its degradation. The most polluted water was found in the main tributary and the lake bay fed by its water. For this reason, it was concluded that the greatest problem was the area-wide sources of pollutants outgoing from agricultural areas. It was also found that water flowing out of the lake was of a considerably better quality than water flowing into the lake through the ditches. This clearly indicates the accumulative role of the lake on the route of pollutant migration from agricultural sources.
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Literathy, Peter, Ferenc Laszlo, and Bela Csanyi. "Approaches for sediment associated pollutant monitoring in the River Danube." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0234.

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Inorganic and organic pollutants (nutrients and toxic pollutants) are liable to accumulate in suspended and bottom sediments. The major transport of these pollutants takes place in the suspended load. Sedimentation and resuspension are in dynamic equilibrium along the river influenced mainly by physical processes. International and national surveys on the Danube sediment concluded that the Danube reach between Vienna and Budapest is one of the most polluted ones in addition to the Irongate reservoir and the downstream reach. The main polluting compounds are petroleum hydrocarbons, including PAHs, and heavy metals. Reservoirs are the major traps of sediment-bound pollutants where pollutant “time-bombs” may be developed. Pollutant monitoring of the bottom sediment requires careful selection of the representative sampling sites where the sediment contains at least 10 percent clay and silt which is enriched in pollutants. Mobilization of the sediment-bound pollutants will result in biological uptake by the benthic organisms. The macrozoobenthons monitoring provides valuable evidence for chronic biological stress associated with contaminated sites. Benthic biodiversity decreased along the studied Danube reach downstream of recognized hot spots such as major cities (Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest) and polluted tributaries (the Vah river, etc.). Harmonization between chemical measurements and biological observations in the sediment could eventually lead to an effective Danube pollution monitoring system.
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45

Islam, Tariqul, Yanliang Li, and Hefa Cheng. "Biochars and Engineered Biochars for Water and Soil Remediation: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 9932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179932.

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Biochars (BCs) are considered as ecofriendly and multifunctional materials with significant potential for remediation of contaminated water and soils, while engineered biochars (E-BCs) with enlarged surface areas and abundant surface functional groups can perform even better in environmental remediation. This review systematically summarizes the key physical and chemical properties of BCs that affect their pollutant sorption capacities, major methods employed for modification of E-BCs, the performance of BCs/E-BCs in removing major types of organic (e.g., antibiotics and pesticides) and inorganic pollutants (e.g., heavy metals), and the corresponding removal mechanisms. The physical and chemical properties of BCs—such as ash or mineral contents, aromaticity, surface structures, pH, and surface functional groups (e.g., C=O, -COOH, -OH, and -NH2)—depend primarily on their feedstock sources (i.e., plant, sludge, or fecal) and the pyrolysis temperature. Ion exchange, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and complexation are the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of inorganic pollutants on BCs/E-BCs, whereas hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces are the major driving forces for the uptake of organic pollutants. Despite their significant promises, more pilot and field scale investigations are necessary to demonstrate the practical applicability and viability of BCs/E-BCs in water and soil remediation.
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Saranya, B., and P. Kanaga. "Waste Water Treatment by Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Pollutants." Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 10, no. 1 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-581x.2019.00010.2.

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Nuro, Aurel, Elda Marku, and Bledar Murtaj. "Organic pollutants in water samples of Vjosa river: Albania." Zastita materijala 58, no. 3 (2017): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1703385n.

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48

Kochkodan, V. M., E. A. Rolya, and V. V. Goncharuk. "Photocatalytic membrane reactors for water treatment from organic pollutants." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 31, no. 4 (August 2009): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x09040043.

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49

Karki, Bhishma, Jeevan Jyoti Nakarmi, and Mukesh Jerambhai Keshavani. "Water Purification from Organic Pollutants using a Photo-Oxidation." Research Journal of Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (October 20, 2019): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36478/rjasci.2019.192.197.

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50

Jian, PENG. "Distribution of Synthetic Organic Pollutants Between Water and Air." Journal of Lake Sciences 10, s1 (1998): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/1998.sup27.

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