Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organisation du travail – Europe – Histoire'
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Lombardo, Jean-Claude Angelo. "La pauvreté en Europe." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21003.
Full textAccording to some anthropologists poverty exists neither in primitive nor in gift based societies because it is integrated. The phenomenon appears in Israel from the tenth century BC as a result of an expropriation process of some farmers. Gradually, societies have developed while remaining dependent on natural conditions ; these societies were often at the origin of an obvious poverty but societal assistance rendered this poverty bearable and acceptable by the community. With trade development allowing the nations to have imports of precious metals, thus facilitating leur industrial development, a large working force becomes necessary. Moreover, technical developments which improve agricultural production and the expropriations lead to the emergence of an overpopulation. With industrial development, the wage system becomes the dominant form of social organization and mass poverty is really born out of this organization. Poverty becomes part of economic and social regulation. The Clasical Liberal analysis imposes itself in the nineteenth century. However, with the accumulation of social struggles, the socialist and especially Marxist thought makes its way and the law renders the wage organization more human until the development of a social protection. The construction of social status out of stable employment supplies the conditions for a reduction of poverty and the development of a certain well-being. The Keynesian society imposes itself. However, faced with the saturation of domestic markets and an industrialization longing to conquer foreign markets, the demand for competitiveness of entreprises is no longer oriented towards the improvement of living conditions determined by employment. The liberal analysis takes over. A certain social deconstruction takes place especially through the reconsideration of stable employment. Mass poverty is thus inherent in the Market
Meyer, Carole. "Histoire naturelle de cinq groupes autonomes dans une organisation industrielle." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21023.
Full textMore and more often, organizations resort to work groups, so it is necessary to study the performance of work groups in the long term. Our presence in the field made it possible for us to get a two year long longitudinal study taking into account the whole of the measurable and quantifiable aspects of the setting up of work groups inside an industrial organization. We have carried out a sort of experiment as we were there before the setting up of work groups. This enabled us to collect empirical data before the organization changed and therefore, to compare them to those collected after the setting up of work groups. This research is concerned, on the one hand, with the estimation of economic factors such as production and absenteeism, the assessment of the social climate and of the parts of the individuals inside the group and, on the other hand, with the combination of those different factors
Ben, Aissa Hazem. "La Démarche sociotechnique chez Renault : histoire, diagnostic et logiques d'évolution." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1129.
Full textBocqueraz, Claude. "Le projet de professionnalisation des comptables français avant la seconde guerre mondiale." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4010.
Full textLienard, Laure. "L’approche communautaire dans le travail social : une perspective européenne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0274_LIENARD.pdf.
Full textSocial work in Europe is characterized by dynamics of convergence, reinforced by formal and informal processes of Europeanization within the European Union, and variables rooted in the history and culture of the countries. One of the most visible areas of divergence in the social work profession between countries is the emphasis on community work. These differences in status are compounded by nuances in the organization and forms of community practice in different countries, in social work and at its margins. How can these variations be understood and interpreted? What are the factors that determine whether or not community work is included in social work? This thesis presents social work and community work in 6 European countries (France, Netherlands, England, Sweden, Czech Republic, Italy), corresponding to distinct welfare state models, and is based on semi-structured interviews with field workers and academics in each country. The socio-historical study of community work across Europe shows that it was imported post-war as a professional practice, and that everywhere (except in Eastern Europe, where social work as a profession did not exist) it went through a golden age - while retaining a minority status in social work - culminating with the ideology of development and the radical movement in the 1960s and 1970s. The shift towards liberalism in the 1980s redefined the political project assigned to social work, towards more curative and individual interventions, focusing on target groups. From then on, community work was marginalized or grew outside of social work, with the exception of the Netherlands, where it remained as a social work branch despite a decline in numbers. However, since the 2000s, the community (and its corollary, civil society or the third sector) has returned to the center of public discussions, first under the influence of the political model of the Third Way, and then more generally following the implementation of public management principles, which reflect the penetration of ideological and managerial neoliberalism throughout Europe. Thus, models of community activation and networking towards community empowerment are more present in countries where the liberal turn is more pronounced. The empowerment paradigm, although widely polysemic, contributes to unify the field. Among the variables, some relate to the arrangements between different actors within the welfare state, depending on the role granted to civil society, and to political cultures centered on consensus or cleavage, according to which social work seeks to adjust its role in the political arena - depending on whether it seeks neutrality in order to avoid the cleavage, or whether it acknowledges its legitimacy to speak out in the public arena (and is recognized as such by the public authorities). The pre-existence of professional traditions in popular education (such as animation in France) or social pedagogy, which seem to be a specific European component, also conditions the place of community work within social work: social work in the Nordic countries was built on a tradition of social pedagogy, while in France, the relationship between animation and social work is, historically, tumultuous. Finally, another variable is the status of the social work profession, which allows it to have a hold on the scope and definition of its activities
Guinand, Cédric. "Die Internationale Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) und die soziale Sicherheit in Europa (1942-1969)." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Guinand.Cedric.LMZ0104.pdf.
Full textAs well as in the Atlantic Charter (1941) as well as in the Beveridge Report (1942) an extension of the social security to the whole population had been requested with the end of the limitation to the sole workers. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) took over the majority of the ideas written down in the Beveridge Report at the International Labour Conference in Philadelphia (1944) and tried to make the governments sensitive to this problem by adopting the Recommandations n°67 and 69. After World War II, the ILO committed herself to a quick implementation of the principles of universality and extension to new risks but the European reconstruction did not allow her to play a leading role in this field. Nevertheless, she managed to conclude some internetional agreements at the begining of the 1950s, like the International Agreement concerning the social security for the Rhine boatmen or the European Social Security Convention for Migrant Workers. The creation of strong regional entities like the ESCC and the EEC, the national character of each social security system, the traditions' "weight", the influence of the East-West-conflict and the adhesion of a increasing number of Third World countries at the ILO lead to a quick decline of her role in the field of the European social security. No country was really interested in the harmonization of social norms. This is why the ILO had to satisfy herself with the Convention concerning Minimum Standards of Social Security (Convention n°102) and to give up the project of superior standards. But the ILO made the error to look upon the European regional organisations as competitors and not as allies. Another problem, wich was nearly insurmontable, was the lack of international vision by nearly all experts
Lous, Baronian Laurent. "Le travail vivant : catégorie critique et génétique de la méthode du capital." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100120.
Full textThis thesis argues Chat the project of Critique of political economy is entirely dependant on the nature of social labor in general, from which Marx derives the categories and laves of the political economy. Effectively, starting with his first economical works, Mari considers social labor as a group of production activities, in such a way that each society is characterized by the way it exchanges and assigns these activities. However, the political economy, from mercantilism to neo-classicism, conceived and still perceives work for its product and results, and only considers the exchange of products as social labor. The political economy observes living labor as a purely negative object, as a sacrifice or necessary commitment to fulfil individual needs. For Marx, if value-added labor is defined as a specific method of exchanging living labor, this results in a new definition of general and abstract labor: it is no longer defined as an object or unit of value, but first and foremost as an expenditure of labor force - of muscles, nerves and brain. From this, Marx derives the dual nature of labor, which lie strongly insists on and which he considers to be his primary contribution to the science of economics. Marx dominates the critical analysis: the way in which categories and laves of capitalist production are assigned, and the nature of the criticism of these categories and laves, which still survives in the political economy to this day
Fiorucci, Jean-Sébastien. "L'émergence du droit pénal du travail en France et dans les colonies, de la Monarchie de juillet à la Troisième République (1841-1939 : entre sanction, protection et régulation." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0036.
Full textIn positive law, there is no doubt about labour sentence law specialisation compared to sentence law itself and labour law even though the discipline's limits can change according to the doctrine. A specific study, through the multiple sources crossing, the conditions of the outbreak of this subject whose independence and oldness compared to industry law and labour law can be proved, was necessary. From 1841 to 1939, some complex sentence devices and specific in their way to apprehend workers, whatever they are intellectual and liberal or commercial, salaried employees or not salaried. This research, from the point of view of the sentence laws practiced to workers what ever their job is, seeks after making comprehensible the entire major politics carried out by France over almost one century
Gollain, Françoise. "Pensée écologique et critique du travail dans une perspective gorzienne." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE1027.
Full textThis thesis argues the necessity of an eco-socialist critique of work. This critique requires sustained reference to the concept of limits - limits to be imposed on the domination of market ideology productivism and the work ethic because of their destructive impact at both a social and ecological level, and their undermining of the individual's ability to be in control of their everyday life. Hence our rejection of a narrow environmentalist or ecocentric standpoint in favour of a marxist and humanistic approach as found in the perspective of André Gorz. Gorz's writings invite us to place an emancipatory project at the heart of the analysis of the present crisis of work based on a dual representation of society [heteronomy/autonomy (Illich), system/lifeworld (Habermas)], they establish the fundamental dichotomy between work and life due to the functional logic of work in a modem capitalist economy. On this basis, it can be argued that a critique of waged-work must be rooted in a concern for the preservation and extension of people's existential autonomy, as opposed to a mere functional autonomy within work. The study of the most recent developments in work practices precisely reveal that personality is being utilised to an unprecedented level and autonomy is being instrumentalised, alongside a massive and systematic reduction in the global need for labour. We are therefore in favour of a radical transformation towards a post waged-society, to be brought about through a series of reforms : massive and permanent redistribution of labour through a reduction in working hours, a guaranteed minimun income and the development of non marked-based economic practices and alternative forms of social interaction
Gauthier, Catherine. "L'élargissement du Conseil de l'Europe : étude des mutations d'une organisation internationale." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40038.
Full textSouamaa, Nadjib. "La France et l’OIT (1890-1953) : vers une « Europe sociale » ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040061.
Full textThe year 1919 was decisive in the social history. Indeed, it was marked by the creation of the International Labour Organization (ILO), resulting from part XIII of the treaty of Versailles. This institution with universal vocation placed itself in continuity of experiments and of carried out reflections, since the 19th century, on the Old continent. The objective of the European powers was to define an international framework of common rules for States, to prevent at the same time excesses of some managers, the conflicts with the workers, while fighting the practice of the social dumping and guaranteeing a fair competition, not only between them but also on an international scale. France played a major role in the writing of these texts and the creation of the ILO, charged to continue this work. So this institution had to reconcile the europeocentrism dominating the International Labour Office and its universal vocation. The solution appeared, during the Second World War, through the interregionalism developed by Paul van Zeeland, and that the institution tried to implement during the post-war period and the cold war. It was a question of creating regional regroupings and of making them cooperate in the policy fields, economic and social to guarantee peace in the world; Western Europe had to be the laboratory about it. This region, in particular France, thus influenced durably the reflections of the ILO
Le, Texier Thibault. "La rationalité managériale : de l'administrations domestique à la gouvernance." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0042.
Full textIn the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the notion of “management” takes a first meaning within a coherent set of concepts – care, industry, arrangement, conduct and calculation – which articulation draws a new way of thinking. At the beginning of the twentieth century, while the business corporation slowly emancipates from the family sphere, this rationality is redefined on the basis of four main general principles: efficiency, organization, control, and knowledge. This second managerial rationality shows, throughout the twentieth century, a unity and a stability that are of a nature neither scientific nor ideological. This rationality cannot be understood by the yardstick of the military discipline, of the patriarchal authority, of the instrumental rationality proper to the engineers, or of the capitalist rationality proper to the economists, for the very reason that it is formulated largely in reaction to these four rationalities. Precisely, the second managerial rationality constitutes a new understanding of the way of governing individuals, which we call a “governmentality”, in way slightly different from Foucault. This managerial governementality cannot be fitted into a unique organisational frame, but circulates between different institutions, the most prominent of which being the family, the business corporation and the state. The study of this new governmentality is the occasion to question the main views of government prevailing on both sides of the Atlantic for a century and a half, and thus to contributes to clarifying the contemporary ways of thinking about power
Devetter, François-Xavier. "L'économie de la disponibilité temporelle au travail : la convention fordiste et ses remises en cause." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-27.pdf.
Full textLouis, Marieke. "La représentativité : une valeur pratique pour les organisations internationales : le cas de l'Organisation internationale du travail de 1919 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0044.
Full textIn the past two decades, the representativeness of international organisations has been at the heart of political debates on the reform of world governance institutions. Representativeness is key to the legitimacy of international organizations. It entails the fact of "representing well" but also constitutes a tool which the institutions use in order to make certain actors represent others. Building on empirical research on the International Labour Organisation (ILO) from 1919 to 2014, this work develops the concept of "practical value" to address the polysemous and ambivalent notion of representativeness. The case of the ILO is both particular and emblematic of the problems that representativeness poses today. Indeed, unlike the United Nations or Bretton Woods systems, the ILO, created in 1919, is the sole international organisation composed of government representatives and representatives from workers’ and employers’ unions (tripartite representation). Hence, the ILO is a particularly interesting case to study representativeness over the long term at the level of states and non-state actors. Methodologically, this work defends a socio-historical approach that gives a central place to actors’ conceptions about representativeness, while also analysing the way representational practices are objectivised through time
Boroumand, Armin. "L'exploitation des enfants par le travail en droit international, européen et iranien : étude normative comparée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA001.
Full textChild Labour and Child Exploitation in International, European and Iranian law (a Comparative Legal Study): According to the ILO’s Convention No. 182, all forms of slavery or similar practices, such as debt bondage and serfdom, trafficking, forced labour and compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflicts appear among the worst forms of child labour. The aforementioned Convention classifies all these concepts into a singlecategory which may give rise to a possible ambiguity. The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the nuances of each of these notions in international, European (in particular, Council of Europe) and Iranian law. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part deals with theevolution of the international, European and Iranian Legal framework in the fight against child labour in general. The second part particularly focuses on grave forms of child labour of economic nature which require a specific legal regime
Erpelding, Michel. "Le droit international antiesclavagiste des "nations civilisées" (1815-1945)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D011.
Full textThe prohibition of slavery is a fundamental rule of contemporary international law. It has been incorporated into all major international human rights conventions. The International Court of Justice cited it as an international obligation in whose protection all states have a legal interest. Most international law scholars refer to it as the very example of a peremptory norm. The present study examines the origins of the international prohibition of slavery, as reflected by state practice and scholarly writings. It focuses on the period prior to the emergence of international human rights law in the aftermath of the Second World War. Its main argument is that during the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the emergence of international anti-slavery law and the definition of its conceptual framework was closely dependent on the capacity of Western states to define themselves, when compared to the rest of the world, as “civilized nations.” My research shows that a recurring question during that period was whether a “civilized nation” which had formally abolished slavery could still be accused of breaching international anti-slavery law by tolerating or exacting certain forms of forced labour not based on the recognition of property rights over human beings. It is only in 1945, after a period during which the very notion of “civilization” had largely fallen into disrepute, that the signatories of the Nuremberg Charter adopted the first treaty positively recognizing that this could indeed be the case
Gaida, Peter. "Camps de travail sous Vichy : les "Groupes de Travailleurs Etrangers" (GTE) en France et en Afrique du Nord 1940-1944." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010714.
Full textRuşitoru, Mihaela-Viorica. "L’éducation tout au long de la vie et le développement intégral de la personne à l’ère de la globalisation : au carrefour des politiques internationales, européennes et nationales." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG033.
Full textThis PhD proposes an analysis of lifelong learning and the integral development of the human being in the era of globalization. We are currently asking ourselves where lifelong learning policies come from? In order to answer this question, we proceeded in two stages. Firstly, the theoretical elements linked to educational policies were developed on three levels: international organizations (UNESCO, ILO, OECD, Council of Europe), the European Union and the Romanian national authorities.Secondly, 63 semi-structured interviews with officials were analyzed on three levels: international, European and national. The thematic analysis of the content revealed that lifelong learning is an inescapable reality, but there is no unified definition at international level. We are moving towards a common education policy at the European Union level and major difficulties linked to political and economic instability and european conformity are being encountered in Romania
Bouquin, Stephen. "Transformations du travail et action collective : une confrontation des paradigmes avec quelques cas dans le secteur de l'automobile." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA083758.
Full textCharbonnel, Jean-Michel. "Vers la convergence des modèles sociaux en Europe ? : éléments pour une analyse comparative de l'évolution des formes et des logiques des sociétés providentielles face aux mutations de l'emploi et à la résurgence de la pauvreté." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat35288m.
Full textBénetière, Jean-Paul. "L’Union Départementale de la Loire de la CFTC-CFDT de la Loire : mutation, développement et crise d’une organisation syndicale (1944-1988)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20002/document.
Full textThe study focuses on the life of the “Union Departementale” (“UD”) of the Loire CFDT CFTC. This “UD” since 1947 has been part of the minority of the CFTC and gradually left the Christian community to integrate the working classes. It has fought against the war in Algeria, supported the secularization of the CFTC, worked together with the DU CGT, which wasmuch more powerful than itself. It has supported with enthusiasm the May-June 1968 movement and called for "three pillars" of the CFDT in 1970. In the 1970s, it has tried to encourage and support the development of workers' struggles and the various protest movements. In 1974, many of its militants have joined the socialist party that some left quickly afterwards.In 1976, the “UD” has opposed to the confederation in a "contribution" for the transition to socialism rejected at the Annecy conference. Similarly, it has opposed to the "refocusing" of 1978, before accepting the "re-unionization" in 1979.But since 1974, the “UD” has faced the economic crisis causing unemployment and deunionization starting in 1977. This crisis has worsened in the 1980s with the break with the “UD” CGT and internal conflicts with the confederation bringing it to inaction. In 1987, the election of a new Secretary General has marked a return to action, but the “UD” has remainedunable to conduct mass actions.The thesis proposes to look into the evolution of the confederation and the life of the “UD”, the elements for understanding its development from 1944 to 1973 and its deep crisis in the 1980s
Marguerite, Magali. "Le droit à la représentation des salariés dans la négociation collective." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020047.
Full textCollective bargaining has a key-role in employment law’s construction. French Constitution, European and International laws acknowledge a right to collective bargaining which belongs to employees : employees exercise this right through their representatives. Actually, employee’s right to collective bargaining is reduced to a right to be represented as state both, paragraph 8 of 1946 French Constitution Preamble and European and International laws. This right may find its efficiency before Courts. As a subjective right, it can be put forward by an employee. This makes the employee creditor of the right to claim for the implementation of legitimate representatives. “Legitimacy” as a sociologic notion, must be legally translated through the right of represented employees to design freely their representatives, and the right for these representatives to be protected as long as they exercise their mission of bargaining. Legitimacy is translated through the expression of employees’ will to design their representatives. This expression may be formalized through a mandate or through an election. With consideration to the significance of collective bargaining (“erga omnes” effect of collective bargaining agreements) and of the interest at stake (collective interest), election shall be favoured. Law works at providing the condition of this legitimacy. For example, August 20, 2008 law promotes election results. At a European and International level, the realization of a right to be represented remains unachieved
Bonfils-Guillaud, Cyril. "Le personnel de la Compagnie des Hauts-Fourneaux de Chasse-sur-Rhône pendant les Trente Glorieuses (1945-1966) : de la croissance à la crise." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2054/document.
Full textThe study of Chasse-sur-Rhône’s blast furnaces staff deals with their various professional categories, careers and work. The varied companies’ policies are unequal when it comes to age, sex and nationality. The relationships between workers and managers rely on collaborations due to common interests as well as tensions. They are built in a context of regional industry redevelopment and unequal evolution of productions. The modernization of the productive tools is thus regularly activated, which has an impact on employment but mostly on work. The end of this period is characterized by struggles to maintain the steel activity gathering beyond the factory staff. However the site is redeveloped and the staff must redeploy. The various sources are both public and private, written and oral
Roupnel-Fuentes, Manuella. "Une rupture totale : le licenciement massif des salariés de Moulinex." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003942.
Full textChagnon, Joanne. "L'atelier des Écores (1792-1830) : une entreprise artisanale." Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3129/1/D1922.pdf.
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