Journal articles on the topic 'Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Library'

BackgroundLong-term sustained improvement following implementation of hospital-wide quality and safety initiatives is not easily achieved. Comprehensive theoretical and practical understanding of how gained improvements can be sustained to benefit safe and high-quality care is needed. This review aimed to identify enabling and hindering factors and their contributions to improvement sustainability from hospital-wide change to enhance patient safety and quality.MethodsA systematic scoping review method was used. Searched were peer-reviewed published records on PubMed, Scopus, World of Science, CINAHL, Health Business Elite, Health Policy Reference Centre and Cochrane Library and grey literature. Review inclusion criteria included contemporary (2010 and onwards), empirical factors to improvement sustainability evaluated after the active implementation, hospital(s) based in the western Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Numerical and thematic analyses were undertaken.Results17 peer-reviewed papers were reviewed. Improvement and implementation approaches were predominantly adopted to guide change. Less than 6 in 10 (53%) of reviewed papers included a guiding framework/model, none with a demonstrated focus on improvement sustainability. With an evaluation time point of 4.3 years on average, 62 factors to improvement sustainability were identified and emerged into three overarching themes: People, Process and Organisational Environment. These entailed, as subthemes, actors and their roles; planning, execution and maintenance of change; and internal contexts that enabled sustainability. Well-coordinated change delivery, customised local integration and continued change effort were three most critical elements. Mechanisms between identified factors emerged in the forms of Influence and Action towards sustained improvement.ConclusionsThe findings map contemporary empirical factors and their mechanisms towards change sustainability from a hospital-wide initiative to improve patient safety and quality. The identified factors and mechanisms extend current theoretical and empirical knowledgebases of sustaining improvement particularly with those beyond the active implementation. The provided conceptual framework offers an empirically evidenced and actionable guide to assist sustainable organisational change in hospital settings.

This article seeks to review the Australian healthcare system and compare it to similar systems in other countries to highlight the main issues and problems. A literature search for articles relating to the Australian and other developed countries’ healthcare systems was conducted by using Google and the library of Victoria University, Melbourne. Data from the websites of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, the Australian Productivity Commission, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank have also been used. Although care within the Australian healthcare system is among the best in the world, there is a need to change the paradigm currently being used to measure the outcomes and allocate resources. The Australian healthcare system is potentially dealing with two main problems: (a) resource allocation, and (b) performance and patient outcomes improvements. An interdisciplinary research approach in the areas of performance measurement, quality and patient outcomes improvement could be adopted to discover new insights, by using the policy implementation error/efficiency and bureaucratic capacity. Hospital managers, executives and healthcare management practitioners could use an interdisciplinary approach to design new performance measurement models, in which financial performance, quality, healthcare and patient outcomes are blended in, for resource allocation and performance improvement. This article recommends that public policy implementation error and the bureaucratic capacity models be applied to healthcare to optimise the outcomes for the healthcare system in Australia. In addition, it highlights the need for evaluation of the current reimbursement method, freedom of choice to patients and a regular scrutiny of the appropriateness of care.

IntroductionPrimary healthcare nurse practitioners (PHCNPs) practice in a wide range of clinical settings and with diverse patient populations. Several systematic reviews have examined outcomes of PHCNP roles. However, there is a lack of consistency in the definitions used for the PHCNP role across the reviews. The identification of indicators sensitive to PHCNP practice from the perspective of patients, providers and the healthcare system will allow researchers, clinicians and decision-makers to understand how these providers contribute to outcomes of care.Methods and analysisA review of systematic reviews is proposed to describe the current state of knowledge about indicators sensitive to PHCNP practice using recognised role definitions. Outcomes of interest include any outcome indicator measuring the effectiveness of PHCNPs. We will limit our search to 2010 onwards to capture the most up-to-date trends. The following electronic databases will be searched: Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials Register, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, EMBASE, Global Health, Health Economics Evaluation Database, Health Evidence, HealthStar, Health Systems Evidence, Joanna Briggs Institute, Medline, PDQ-Evidence, PubMed and Web of Science. The search strategies will be reviewed by an academic librarian. Reference lists of all relevant publications will be reviewed. Grey literature will be searched from 2010 onwards, and will include: CADTH Information Services, CADTH’s Grey Matters tool, OpenGrey, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses and WHO. The PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews will be searched to identify registered review protocols. The review protocol was developed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols recommendations. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise study findings.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for the study. The data used in the study will be abstracted from published systematic reviews. Dissemination strategies will include peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and presentations to key stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198182.

BackgroundCommunity engagement has been advanced as a promising way of improving health and reducing health inequalities; however, the approach is not yet supported by a strong evidence base.ObjectivesTo undertake a multimethod systematic review which builds on the evidence that underpins the current UK guidance on community engagement; to identify theoretical models underpinning community engagement; to explore mechanisms and contexts through which communities are engaged; to identify community engagement approaches that are effective in reducing health inequalities, under what circumstances and for whom; and to determine the processes and costs associated with their implementation.Data sourcesDatabases including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), The Campbell Library, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) and EPPI-Centre’s Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) and Database of Promoting Health Effectiveness Reviews (DoPHER) were searched from 1990 to August 2011 for systematic reviews and primary studies. Trials evaluating community engagement interventions reporting health outcomes were included.Review methodsStudy eligibility criteria: published after 1990; outcome, economic, or process evaluation; intervention relevant to community engagement; written in English; measured and reported health or community outcomes, or presents cost, resource, or implementation data characterises study populations or reports differential impacts in terms of social determinants of health; conducted in an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country. Study appraisal: risk of bias for outcome evaluations; assessment of validity and relevance for process evaluations; comparison against an economic evaluation checklist for economic evaluations. Synthesis methods: four synthesis approaches were adopted for the different evidence types: theoretical, quantitative, process, and economic evidence.ResultsThe theoretical synthesis identified key models of community engagement that are underpinned by different theories of changes. Results from 131 studies included in a meta-analysis indicate that there is solid evidence that community engagement interventions have a positive impact on health behaviours, health consequences, self-efficacy and perceived social support outcomes, across various conditions. There is insufficient evidence – particularly for long-term outcomes and indirect beneficiaries – to determine whether one particular model of community engagement is likely to be more effective than any other. There are also insufficient data to test the effects on health inequalities, although there is some evidence to suggest that interventions that improve social inequalities (as measured by social support) also improve health behaviours. There is weak evidence from the effectiveness and process evaluations that certain implementation factors may affect intervention success. From the economic analysis, there is weak but inconsistent evidence that community engagement interventions are cost-effective. By combining findings across the syntheses, we produced a new conceptual framework.LimitationsDifferences in the populations, intervention approaches and health outcomes made it difficult to pinpoint specific strategies for intervention effectiveness. The syntheses of process and economic evidence were limited by the small (generally not rigorous) evidence base.ConclusionsCommunity engagement interventions are effective across a wide range of contexts and using a variety of mechanisms. Public health initiatives should incorporate community engagement into intervention design. Evaluations should place greater emphasis on long-term outcomes, outcomes for indirect beneficiaries, process evaluation, and reporting costs and resources data. The theories of change identified and the newly developed conceptual framework are useful tools for researchers and practitioners. We identified trends in the evidence that could provide useful directions for future intervention design and evaluation.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

In this colloquium, the authors provide an update on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s proposal for an International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study, the ‘first wave’ of which is now being implemented in three countries: England, Estonia and the USA. The authors argue that as the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study progresses, its superficiality and pointlessness become more apparent. They also locate the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study in a ‘global web of measurement’ centred on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, whose aim appears to be the reduction of education to a purely technical exercise of producing common outcomes measured by common indicators, with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development acting as the global arbiter, assessor and governor of education. They call on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and its partners to start engaging with legitimate concerns and criticisms.

The World Health Organization describes health innovation as developing new or improved systems, policies, products, technologies, services or delivery approaches that improve health and well-being, specifically of vulnerable people. The study’s objectives were to (a) explore the legislative and regulatory journey of telehealth across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and (b) provide recommendations to strengthen health system performance. We reviewed information sources for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries opportunistically, including government and medical board publications, media coverage and peer-reviewed papers, to provide a perspective on the legislative and regulatory telehealth journey. Our review of countries suggests that legislation and regulation remain essential for governance, accountability and assuring that healthcare professionals and technologies are safe and secure. However, there was no uniform approach to telehealth legislation and regulation, and the precautionary approach was observed in some countries. Different strategies appear to have been adopted for telehealth implementation. There is a need to go beyond legislation and regulation to strengthen health system performance and assure the future success of telehealth services. Health system decision makers should work with health system stakeholders to strategise and plan for telehealth services as it will have implications on the future delivery of healthcare services and the health system. Further research is needed to explore how policy frameworks may support innovations in healthcare, such as telehealth.

The correlation between democracy and income inequality, as well as the direction of causation is still debated. In this paper, we conduct a dynamic panel data analysis for all 34 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member states over the period 1960–2012 and illustrate a nonmonotonic relationship between inequality and democracy, as well as test the direction of causation by employing a noncausal homogeneity test in a panel Granger framework and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin noncausal heterogeneity test. We provide an explanation for the inverted U-shaped relation. In addition, we illustrate individual regression results for 12 exemplary Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and provide a concise illustration of the economic and political changes to which countries have been subjected while elaborating the effect of the underlying policies on democracy and income equality.

In this article, the authors provide an update on what has happened over recent months with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s proposal for an International Early Learning Study, and review responses to the proposed International Early Learning Study, including the concerns that have been raised about this new venture in international testing. The authors call on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and its member-state governments to enter into open discussion with the wider early childhood community about the future direction of comparative work on early childhood education and care.

This is the fourth colloquium for Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study, and marks the recent publication by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development of reports on the first round of this study. In it, the authors discuss what the results tell us, what they do not and what might come next. They conclude by supporting the need for comparative studies of early childhood education, but argue that the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study is not the way to go.

This paper analyses the International Early Learning and Child Well-Being Study, undertaken by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in order to draw attention to the neoliberal, neoconservative, and globalising discourses which underpin the study and generate an image of what is ‘best’ in early childhood education. The theories of Michel Foucault frame the analysis, illuminating the International Early Learning and Child Well-Being Study as a technology of governance which elicits new relationships of power between teachers, children, families, governments and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and offering ways of conceiving power/knowledge relationships as productive and therefore hopeful for those who seek to resist dominant paradigms.

Straipsnyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacijos ir Lietuvos transakcijų kainodaros reguliavimo ypatumai parodant šios tarptautinės organizacijos rekomendacijų svarbą Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių, iš jų ir Lietuvos, teisiniam reguliavimui. Nagrinėjant Ekonomi­nio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacijos aktus ir juos lyginant su Lietuvos aktais, skirtais transakci­jų kainodarai, atskleidžiami jų trūkumai. The article aims at presenting the fundamentals of the transfer pricing regulation of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and Lithuania demonstrating the importance of the recom­mendations of this international organisation for the legal regulation of the European Union Member States and Lithuania. While analysing the acts of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Deve­lopment and comparing them with Lithuanian acts on transfer pricing their shortcomings are revealed.

Air pollution remains one of the most sensitive and harmful environmental concerns. According to a recent report 1 published by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [1] and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), in 2012, ambient air pollution was still responsible for about 500 000 premature deaths in Europe.

Soft laws are created for many reasons to serve various purposes. This article focuses on acts of soft law that are adopted to facilitate the process of applying hard law (or complying with it) and to standardize the understanding of international agreements. In the field of customs law, one can point, for instance, to opinions adopted by the World Customs Organisation. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD) Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations and the Commentary to the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital are globally recognized examples of the tax arena. The side effects of the application of acts of soft law in the fields of tax law and customs law are presented and analysed. Interpretative problems are observed at the international level, whereas clear-cut side effects often occur domestically. customs classification – World Customs Organisation (WCO) – double taxation conventions – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD) – Model OECD – OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines – OECD Commentary – interpretation

According to democratic theory, policy responsiveness is a key characteristic of democratic government: citizens’ preferences should affect policy outcomes. Empirically, however, the connection between public opinion and policy is not self-evident and is increasingly challenged. Using an originally constructed data set with information from 21 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries between 1980 and 2014, our research design allows for a comprehensive investigation of the linkages between ideological positions of citizens, parliaments and cabinets on one hand, and redistributive policies in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries on the other hand. We find that the role of the cabinet is more important than that of parliament. Although citizens’ left–right positions do not have an effect (directly or indirectly) on the level of social expenditure, there is a connection between mass preferences and the ideological position of parliament and government in high-turnout contexts.

In this article, Ken McKenzie presents calculations of the tax burden based on average wages in Canada's provinces and territories, using the methodology adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in its <i>Taxing Wages‹/i› publication.

The World Bank has done 10 Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) studies of corporate governance for Asian countries. The paper it used was based on the categories used in an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development publication (OECD, 2004).

In the beginning of 2004 two European organisations ‐ Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and European Committee of Ministers of Transport (ECMT), established the Joint OECD/ ECMT Transport Research Centre. The mission, main areas of research activities and projects of new European research centre are described.

The initiative of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to establish biological resources centres (BRCs) and eventually a Global Biological Resources Centres Network (GBRCN) is a welcome one at a time when loss of biodiversity is becoming a critical concern to scientists and many governments.

The discussion regarding the interaction between Article 6 (Income from Immovable Property), Article 7 (Business Profits) and Article 21 (Other Income) of the OECD Model is not new. However, the historical documents of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which have now been made available, throw new light on the issue. It has been argued that Article 6(4), and not Article 7(4), governs the relationship between Articles 6 and 7, therefore excluding the possibility of applying Article 7 to any income from immovable property. Therefore, it is argued, that Article 21 is the only correct distributive rule to apply in cases where the bilateral scope of Article 6 is not satisfied. This article traces the evolution of Article 6, as evidenced by the historical documents, which reveals a different intention underlying Article 6(4).

The Constitution of South Africa imposes a burden on municipalities to engage in local economic development. Municipal local economic development practitioners are often in doubt regarding the various mechanisms available to them to implement local economic development. This article provides insight into the processes and issues surrounding the use of an external mechanism (a private company owned by the municipality) as a local economic development agency. The lessons learnt from the Overstrand Local Economic Development Agency are compared with findings of an international study of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on 16 local economic development agencies. The article provides guidelines to local economic development practitioners to follow before, during and after the establishment of a local economic development agency.

INTRODUCTION:This study examined the technical efficiency determinants of each Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country's behavioral health system (BHS).METHODS:The technical efficiency of each OECD country's BHS was analyzed through data envelopment analysis with model combinations ranging from 1–11 models, with each model constructed with different BHS input and output variable combinations. A decision tree was generated from the efficiency scores of the model with the highest mean technical efficiency score as a predictor variable. Data was obtained from 2013 OECD and Eurostat statistics.RESULTS:Different model combinations indicated that the model with the highest mean technical efficiency score (.9214) for OECD countries included (i) input variables for smoking, alcohol consumption, daily fruit consumption, the number of psychiatrists, the percentage of live births of young mothers first children, and the time devoted to leisure and personal care and (ii) output variables for death rate by mental and behavioral disorders, diabetes hospital admissions in adults, and suicide rates. Among all model combinations, >45 percent of OECD countries have an efficient BHS. The decision tree graph shows that daily fruit consumption, smoking, and suicide rates are predictor variables of the technical efficiency of an OECD country's BHS.CONCLUSIONS:The study results offer important insights regarding the development of BHS in OECD countries. Health policymakers must develop collaborative activities and implement comprehensive policies promoting internationally-oriented BHS in order to improve the health status of people worldwide and reduce health inequality.

ABSTRAK Pengelolaan pembangunan desa islami adalah konsep pembangunan desa yang memiliki karakteristik tercapainya tujuan pembangunan sosial ekonomi yang berdimensi holistik, seimbang antara aspek material dan spiritual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pembahasan kajian-kajian terdahulu secara sistematis tentang konsep dan praktik pengelolaan pembangunan desa dalam perspektif islam. Dalam rangka melakukan review publikasi artikel secara sistematis, riset ini menggunakan standar protokol RAMESES. Hasil penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua tema utama, yaitu peran dan fungsi lembaga keuangan mikro syariah dalam pembangunan desa dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat dalam pengelolaan pembangunan desa. Tema pertama menghasilkan tiga subtema: praksis keuangan mikro syariah di Bangladesh, Malaysia, dan Indonesia. Tema kedua menghasilkan satu subtema yaitu peranan Pesantren dalam mendukung pengelolaan pembangunan desa. Hasilnya memberikan landasan untuk mengisi ruang-ruang yang belum dimasuki untuk membangun pengelolaan pembangunan desa yang komprehensif berdasarkan prinsip atau nilai Islam yang ideal. Kata kunci: Islami, Pengelolaan Pembangunan Desa, Systematic Literature Review. ABSTRACT Islamic village development management is a village development concept that has the characteristics of achieving socio-economic development goals with a holistic dimension, balanced between material and spiritual aspects. This study aims to systematically review the discussion of previous studies on the concepts and practices of village development management from an Islamic perspective. To conduct the article review systematically, this research was carried out using the RAMESES protocol standard. The results of this study are divided into two main themes, namely the role and function of Islamic microfinance institutions in village development and non-governmental organizations in managing village development. The first theme produces three sub-themes: the practice of Islamic microfinance in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The second theme resulted in a sub-theme, namely Pesantren's role in supporting the management of village development. The results provide a foundation to fill in the gaps that have not been entered to build a comprehensive village development management based on ideal Islamic principles or values. Keywords: Islamic, Village Development Management, Systematic Literature Review. REFERENCES Abdullah, M. F., Amin, M. R., & Ab Rahman, A. (2017). Is there any difference between Islamic and conventional microfinance? Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(S1), 97–112. Adejoke, A.-U. G. (2010). Sustainable microfinance institutions for poverty reduction: Malaysian experience. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(4), 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1666023 Akhter, W., Akhtar, N., & Jaffri, S. K. A. (2009). Islamic micro-finance and poverty alleviation: A case of Pakistan. 2nd CBRC, Lahore, Pakistan, 1–8. Al-Jayyousi, O. (2009). Islamic values and rural sustainable development. Rural21, 39–41. Alwyni, F. A., & Salleh, M. S. (2019). Discourses on development and the Muslim world. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v10n11a16 Anwar, A. Z., Susilo, E., Rohman, F., Santosa, P. B., & Gunanto, E. Y. A. (2019). Integrated financing model in Islamic microfinance institutions for agriculture and fisheries sector. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(4), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.26 Anwarul Islam, K. . (2016). Rural development scheme: A case study on Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. International Journal of Finance and Banking Research, 2(4), 129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfbr.20160204.12 Aslam, M. N. (2014). Role of Islamic microfinance in poverty alleviation in Pakistan: An empirical approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(4), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v4-i4/1288 Bebbington, A., Dharmawan, L., Fahmi, E., & Guggenheim, S. (2006). Local capacity, village governance, and the political economy of rural development in Indonesia. World Development, 34(11), 1958–1976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.025 Begum, H., Alam, A. S. A. F., Mia, M. A., Bhuiyan, F., & Ghani, A. B. A. (2019). Development of Islamic microfinance: A sustainable poverty reduction approach. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 35(3), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeas-01-2018-0007 Begum, H., Alam, M. R., Ferdous Alam, A. S. A., & Awang, A. H. (2015). Islamic microfinance as an instrument for poverty alleviation. Advanced Science Letters, 21(6), 1708–1711. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.6123 Belton, B., & Filipski, M. (2019). Rural transformation in central Myanmar: By how much, and for whom? Journal of Rural Studies, 67(February), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.012 Bhuiyan, A. B., Siwar, C., Ismail, A. G., & Talib, B. (2011). Financial sustainability & outreach of MFIs: A comparative study of aim in Malaysia and RDS of Islami Bank Bangladesh. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9), 610–619. Budiwiranto, B. (2009). Pesantren and participatory development: The case of the Pesantren Maslakul Huda of Kajen, Pati, Central Java. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 03(02), 267–296. Elwardi, D. (2018). The role of Islamic microfinance in poverty alleviation : Lessons from Bangladesh Experience. In MPRA Paper (No. University of Muenchen). Fatimatuzzahroh, F., Abdoellah, O. S., & Sunardi, S. (2015). The potential of pesantren in sustainable rural development. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 3(2), 257–278. Retrieved from https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/66 Febianto, I., Binti Johari, F., & Zulkefli, Z. B. K. (2019). The role of Islamic microfinance for poverty alleviation in Bandung, Indonesia. Ihtifaz: Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking, 2(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijiefb.v2i1.736 Fianto, B. A., Gan, C., & Hu, B. (2019). Financing from Islamic microfinance institutions: Evidence from Indonesia. Agricultural Finance Review, 79(5), 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-10-2018-0091 Hassan, A. (2014). The challenge in poverty alleviation: Role of Islamic microfinance and social capital. Humanomics, 30(1), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-10-2013-0068 Hassan, A. A., Qamar, M. U. R., & Chachi, A. (2017). Role of Islamic microfinance scheme in poverty alleviation and well-being of women implemented. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansi Dergisi, 1, 1–32. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/issue-file/11046 Hassan, A., & Saleem, S. (2017). An Islamic microfinance business model in Bangladesh: Its role in alleviation of poverty and socio-economic well-being of women. Humanomics, 33(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-08-2016-0066 Hosen, M. N., & Fitria, S. (2018). The Performance of Islamic rural banks in Indonesia: 2010-2015. European Research Studies Journal, 21(Special Issue 3), 423–440. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1393 Hudaefi, F. A., & Heryani, N. (2019). The practice of local economic development and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah: Evidence from A Pesantren in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 12(5), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2018-0279 Ibrahim, M., & Murtala, S. (2018). The Role of Islamic microfinance institutions in alleviating poverty in Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Service, Management and Engineering, 5(1), 9–22. Islam, M. T., Omori, K., & Yoshizuka, T. (2005). Rural development policy and administrative patterns in Bangladesh : A Critical Review. Bull. Fac. Life Env. Sci, 10, 19–26. Kazimoto, P., & Fukofuka, S. (2013). The financial management challenges on the village socio-economic development. International Forum, 16(2), 37–50. Khaleequzzaman, M., & Shirazi, N. S. (2012). Islamic microfinance - An inclusive approach with special reference to poverty eradication in Pakistan. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 20(1), 19–49. Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Dasí-Rodríguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 1023–1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00635-4 Laila, T. (2010). Islamic microfinance for alleviating poverty and sustaining peace. World Universities Congress, 1–9. Li, Y., Fan, P., & Liu, Y. (2019). What makes better village development in traditional agricultural areas of China? Evidence from long-term observation of typical villages. Habitat International, 83(October 2018), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.11.006 Mamun, A., Uddin, M. R., & Islam, M. T. (2017). An Integrated approach to Islamic Microfinance for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Üniversitepark Bülten, 6(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.22521/unibulletin.2017.61.3 Mohamed, E. F., & Fauziyyah, N. E. (2020). Islamic microfinance for poverty alleviation : A systematic literature. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 28(1), 141–163. Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2011). Islamic-based development for post-tsunami Aceh: A theoritical construct. Media Syariah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial, 13(2), 163–168. Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2015a). An Islamic approach to poverty management: The Ban Nua Way. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Sciences, 2(7), 186–205. Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2015b). Islamic economics revisited: Re-contemplating unresolved structure and assumptions. 8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, (January). Mustari, M. (2014). The roles of the institution of pesantren in the development of rural society: A study in kabupaten Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 1(2), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v1i1.34 Mustari, M. (2018). Institution of pesantren as a contributing factor in developing rural communities. Socio Politica, 8(1), 71–89. Nasrin, N., & Sarker, S. B. (2014). Disbursement and recovery of rural credit: A study on Rajapur Branch of Rupali Bank Limited. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(11), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-161161523 Onakoya, A. B., & Onakoya, A. O. (2013). Islamic microfinance as a poverty alleviation tool: Expectations from Ogun State, Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Business Administration, 3(2), 36–43. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). (2006). A paradigm shift in rural development. Rahim Abdul Rahman, A. (2010). Islamic Microfinance: An ethical alternative to poverty alleviation. Humanomics, 26(4), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288661011090884 Rahim, S. A. (2017). Evaluation of the effectiveness of training programmes of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(3), 154–164. Rokhman, W. (2013). The effect of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation: Study in Indonesia. Economic Review – Journal of Economics and Business, XI(2), 21–30. Samsuddin, S. F., Shaffril, H. A. M., & Fauzi, A. (2020). Heigh-ho, heigh-ho, to the rural libraries we go! - a systematic literature review. Library and Information Science Research, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2019.100997 Satar, N., & Kassim, S. (2020). Issues and challenges in financing the poor: lessons learned from Islamic microfinance institutions. EJIF - European Journal of Islamic Finance, 1(15), 1–8. Shaffril, H. A. M., Ahmad, N., Samsuddin, S. F., Samah, A. A., & Hamdan, M. E. (2020). Systematic literature review on adaptation towards climate change impacts among indigenous people in the Asia Pacific Regions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120595 Suzuki, Y., Pramono, S., & Rufidah, R. (2016). Islamic microfinance and poverty alleviation program: Preliminary research findings from Indonesia. Share: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 5(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v5i1.910 Uddin, T. A., & Mohiuddin, M. F. (2020). Islamic social finance in Bangladesh: Challenges and opportunities of the institutional and regulatory landscape. Law and Development Review, 13(1), 265–319. https://doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0072 Umar, H., Usman, S., & Purba, R. B. R. (2018). The influence of internal control and competence of human resources on village fund management and the implications on the quality of village financial reports. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(7), 1526–1531. Wajdi Dusuki, A. (2008). Banking for the poor: The role of Islamic banking in microfinance initiatives. Humanomics, 24(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288660810851469 Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., & Pawson, R. (2013). RAMESES publication standards: Meta-narrative reviews. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(5), 987–1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12092 Xalane, M. A. E., & Binti Che Mohd Salleh, M. (2018). Poverty alleviation in Mogadishu, Somalia: The role of Islamic microfinance. Global Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance 2018, 60–80. Yudha, E. P., Juanda, B., Kolopaking, L. M., & Kinseng, R. A. (2020). Rural development policy and strategy in the rural autonomy era. Case study of pandeglang regency-indonesia. Human Geographies, 14(1), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2020.141.8

The paper approaches the analysis of capacity-building from a broad international perspective. Drawing mainly on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data, it looks at overall investment in R&D (which covers development as well as research), including the movement of research capacity across borders; describes some innovations in capacity-building; and concludes by suggesting pathways for building a more accurate picture.

In the context of current debates on sustainable public service provision, austerity, debts and cutback management, the governance and management of and in state-owned enterprises is a crucial issue. An aggregate holdings report is an important tool for public administrations to provide accountability and the necessary overall view on the institutional service provision structures of core administration and state-owned enterprises. On the basis of a developed quality index with 175 test criteria, this study analyses the diffusion of aggregate holdings reports in 17 countries and the quality of 12 existing reports at the national level. First, the study provides a conceptual contribution for assessing aggregate holdings reports and future research on the issues of the model categories. Second, for an empirical contribution, the analysis enhances our state of knowledge on aggregate holdings report diffusion and quality patterns. Findings show that, in many cases, public administrations do not meet the requirements from theory and practice. Newer Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and European Union members reach comparably higher quality scores. This comparative study offers new insights that can enhance the sustainable public management and control of state-owned enterprises. Points for practitioners The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, which were published after an intensive consultation process in 2005 and revised in 2015, demand public authorities to develop aggregate holdings reports that cover all SOEs, and make them a key disclosure tool directed to the general public and politicians. This study develops a quality model for assessing the quality of aggregate holdings reports. The model can also answer questions that are often raised in reform debates, such as ‘Which is the best aggregate holdings report?’ or ‘Which aggregate holdings report can I use as a reference to further develop my own aggregate holdings report?’. The model is a conceptual contribution and the empirical results can be used for international bench-learning. They are also useful for international organisations such as the European Union, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Chartered Institute of Public Finance & Accounting and development aid/cooperation agencies in each country. The results of this study indicate that policymakers at the national and international levels should give more emphasis to the diffusion and quality of aggregate holdings reports and should reflect on establishing and revising legal obligations for aggregate holdings reports because the recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines, as a soft-law approach, are often not put into practice.

Thank you very much for the invitation. Good morning, everybody. I am based at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which has been working on migration since the 1960s, and I will try to take a different stance on the issue, stepping back and looking at the long-term perspective regarding the global governance of migration.

Comparative economic voting studies have found great instability in economic voting across countries and over time. In explaining this instability, we highlight the role of welfare systems because strong welfare protection attenuates voters’ incentives to base their vote on government economic performance. By analyzing 174 legislature elections in 31 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1980 to 2010 and by taking into account clarity of responsibility, we find that welfare protection weakens the linkage between macroeconomic outcomes and incumbent electoral fortunes. This result implies that strong welfare protection enables politicians to avoid blame for economic failures.

Åsa Edesten and Sara Almling are writing about business models in a post-Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) world. Will the implementation of the BEPS Actions impact the way multinational enterprises (MNEs) chose to organize themselves? Should it? And if so, was that something the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and its Member States wanted to happen?

Modern monetary theory (MMT) claims that a monetary sovereign government has an unlimited financial capacity to purchase whatever it wishes and fulfil its future financial obligations. It is impossible for a monetary sovereign government to be insolvent or go bankrupt. MMT advocates often cite Japan as a successful experiment of the MMT, because it is the economy that has the highest public debt among the OECD (Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development) economies and experienced dramatic growth in high-powered money supply since 2013, but has low inflation, stable yen exchange rates and zero interest.

Objectives To determine an association between unemployment rates and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Design Multivariate regression analysis. Participants OECD member states. Setting OECD. Main outcome measures World Health Organization HIV mortality. Results Between 1981 and 2009, a 1% increase in unemployment was associated with an increase in HIV mortality in the OECD (coefficient for men 0.711, 0.334–1.089, p = 0.0003; coefficient for women 0.166, 0.071–0.260, p = 0.0007). Time lag analysis showed a significant increase in HIV mortality for up to two years after rises in unemployment: p = 0.0008 for men and p = 0.0030 for women in year 1, p = 0.0067 for men and p = 0.0403 for women in year 2. Conclusions Rises in unemployment are associated with increased HIV mortality. Economic fiscal policy may impact upon population health. Policy discussions should take into consideration potential health outcomes.