Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organisation mondiale du commerce – Pays ACP'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Organisation mondiale du commerce – Pays ACP.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Matingou, Rocil. "L'application des Conventions de Lomé à l'Afrique Centrale et ses perspectives dans le cadre de la réorganisation mondiale des échanges." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA122010.
Full textThe acp-eu cooperation has been in existence for more than twenty years. The african states have held privileged economic relations with the member states of the ue since the days of the empire. Inspite of commercial advantages and special aid in the form of the yaounde agreement and the lome convention, the socio-economic climate has not improved in this region of africa. The partners of lome acknowledge that the good-win with which aid was accorded to the acp is out of ligne with conventional advantages. The dependence of the acp states with regard to the european union is becoming more and more important regarding the quantity and quality of european aid. The central african states are not longer able to put their political and economic policies into practice without turning to brussel institutions for help. Especially on a commerciallevel, the central african states are threatered with losing the lome advantages in the light of the gatt/omcadvent. Concerning aid for development in general, recent international socio-political changes have begun to profoundly modify acp-ue relations. These states run the risk of finding themselves on fringe of international economy and trade. What kind of economic relation can these states undertake with their european partners in view of a worldwide trade reorganisation? the objective of this thesis is to establish the acknowledgement and the carrying out of the lome system with relation to central african development
Kaboré, Valérie Edwige. "Les relations commerciales entre l'Union européenne et les états d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUED013.
Full textThe EU Trade relations with the ACP States were characterised for a long time by giving preferential treatment in favour of these latter ones without reciprocity. This preferential framework, however, did not end the ACP States’ economic marginalization, and was finally denounced because of its incompatibility with the legal rules of the WTO. The EU was repeatedly condemned and had to make its preferential scheme WTO compatible. Henceforth, it requires that its trade relations with ACP States be governed by Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). These new agreements are intended to set up free trade zones between the EU and the ACP regional configurations. Now, due to difficulties because of disagreements on certain legal clauses, which are not favorable to the economic development of ACP States, the negotiations are still in process and major ones have not been finalised. The slowness of the negotiations and the fear of losing their access to the European market, has caused some ACP States to already make a commitment individually to interim EPAs. Sadly doing this has put in danger the process of the regional integration. The ACP States should envisage from now on legal alternatives to the EPAs, which are both compatible with the law of the WTO and which answer their specific needs of development
Royé, Isabelle. "La réintégration de l'Afrique du Sud dans la communauté internationale : l'exemple des relations avec l'Union Européenne." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646469.
Full textAdje, Couzahon. "L’accord de partenariat de Cotonou : vers une nouvelle forme de coopération entre l'Union Européenne et les pays d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0088/document.
Full textThe main purpose of te economic partnership agreement (EPA) is to make the commercial settlements between states or groupe of states cumply with the clauses of the World Trade Organization (WTO) namely the introduction of the principle of the reciprocity in the commercial relations between the European Union (EU)and the African, Caribbean and Pacifique states (ACP).The signing of the economic partnership agreement by some ACP countries,still currently sparks of critisims upon the consequences deriving from the revocation of trade preferences, of wich numerous countries are dependent on
Metivier, Jeanne. "Différends Commerciaux au sein des Pays Membres de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0165.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to explore how WTO members may respond to trade disputes. In chapter one, we empirically investigate whether the WTO DSS is beyond reach of developing countries. We find that while the structure of trade plays an important role in explaining the probability that a WTO member initiates a dispute at the WTO DSS, the legal capacity and the trade retaliatory capacity of a country also affects its participation in the DSS. In chapter two, we aim to determine the impact of smuggling on economic welfare. We build a partial equilibrium model of trade in which we introduce illegal trade and apply this model to the smuggling of avocado in Costa Rica. Our results show that smuggling improves welfare compared to the “no-smuggling” situation. Compared to the “free-trade” situation, smuggling does not always compensate for the negative effects arising from the restrictive trade measure. In chapter three, we use a general equilibrium model of trade to determine whether the United States may benefit from the threat and/or application of strict reciprocity against its main trading partners. We demonstrate that while the threat of retaliation through reciprocal taxes may generate a global gain, its effective application would reduce the United States and the world’s welfare
Thiel, Meryl. "Les groupes d'Etats et l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0009.
Full textThe WTO, which is one of the most criticized international organizations in the world, is currently the focus of debates because of its liberalisms policies. As academics as lawyers wonder how the WTO philosophy can be linked to different forms of international economic governance. Indeed, the number of NGO has grown in the WTO negotiations. In the same time, the number of Regional Economic Integration and their participation to the WTO negotiations increased. As a consequence, interrogations concerning international economic governance rose. At the WTO, a kind of coalitions is particularly remarkable but rarely studied in law: State Coalitions, which are based on the respect and defence of Equity. Similarly, one of the goals of the WTO is to establish Equity in international economic relations. Thanks to constructivism, this thesis highlights the interaction between State coalitions and the WTO. The focus is to point up how important is the contribution of State coalitions to WTO law. As a consequence, this thesis will draw a new meaning of Equity and international economic governance
Dlimi, Dounya. "L’Agriculture des Pays en Développement face à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D003.
Full textGlobalization has induced the liberalization of agricultural trading. Such liberalization has a mitigated impact on the economy of developing countries given the diversity of their level of development. Consequently, the agricultural negotiations taking place within the WTO raise a number of important issues. The main advantage sought by developing countries in entering the multilateral trade system lies within the creation of a fairer and less distorted farming market. The Agriculture Agreement produced by the Uruguay Round aims precisely towards this goal. But does this agreement provide the adequate legal frame for tackling the issue of development in emerging countries? The drafting of the Special and Differential Treatment Provisions created the path for the introduction of a legal principle consisting in granting a country rights and obligations in proportion with its level of development. The Doha negotiations launched in 2001 promoted this idea through the Doha Development Agenda. But the Agriculture Agreement, while aiming at the liberalization of world agricultural trade, favored the legalization of protectionism policies used by developed countries. As a result, multilateral negotiations are hardly evolving and are caught in a deadlock situation. They should initially have come into end in 2005, but their deadline have been postponed many times. Indeed, the agricultural issue constitutes their stumbling block. As a consequence, the WTO faces the difficulty to conciliate two aims that seem antagonistic: the liberalization of world trade and the economical development of developing countries. The different actors participating, under the aegis of the WTO, in the multilateral trade negotiation have divergent thinking. The more different their position are, the harder the task of the WTO is. It is however within this institutional frame that the reform in farming product trade should take place
Diouf, Mamadou. "L’aide pour le commerce et l’insertion dans l’économie mondiale : le cas de la convention de Lomé." Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090018.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of non-reciprocal preferential agreements. To do this we conducted a comparative analysis between the beneficiary countries of the Lomé agreements and a sample of developing countries in Latin America, Asia and the Middle East. The empirical approach uses a gravity model applied to the panel data over a period of 29 years. The sample used is composed by the group of developing countries already mentioned, including members of the Lomé Convention, and a group of industrialized countries, a total of 122 countries The 2 approaches, cross sectional and longitudinal analysis, among other things, confirm that the membership of Lomé has not been a positive factor for bilateral trade, the influence of historical factors (the common language and the colonial past) remain important, other things being equal. Belonging to the developing countries of Asia and Latin America is a positive factor in bilateral trade, after controlling other variables
Ewango, Bolia. "Les obstacles non tarifaires dans les relations commerciales entre pays en developpement." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05S008.
Full textThe protectionism remains an bostacle to the expansion of international commercial exchanges. Even it uruguay round recent negociations have been the most important ones in the history of international trade, it could be a mistake to think they blocked the process. The countries fertile imagination is always on the look out for new and intricate means of protection. These appear in the shape of tariff and non tariff measures. The commercial barriers of this last category are well known for their multiform and accuit characters. Broadly speaking, the exchanges restricting measures find their origine in various texts of countries internal legislations. But they could also follow from voluntary restraint agreements of regional agreements whose restrictive effects are directed against the trade of third countries. The south-south exchanges, often occulted by the north-south stream of exchange, are not exempt of protectionism. So, despite many agreements settled between developing countires, their mutual trade remains the weakest link in the chain of international exchanges (its share is about 7%). Development necessities, economical restraints and even political reasons pushed them to apply massively restrictive measures
Alawad, Hussain. "Le réglement des différends à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les pays arabo-musulmans." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0017.
Full textThe study of the position of Arab countries within the WTO dispute settlement system requires, first of all, to understand the position of Arab countries within this organization, the nature of their membership and the difficulties encountered in this context. It is also necessary to understand the engagement of Arab countries with the Dispute Settlement Body and the reasons for their low participation in the dispute settlement system.Secondly, we will try to propose measures to be taken to improve the involvement of Arab countries in the WTO and in its dispute settlement system. These measures are twofold: the first concerns proposals for reforming the Understanding on WTO Dispute Settlement Rules and Procedures; the second proposes courses of action to be taken and strategies to be followed by the Arab countries in order to strengthen their position within the WTO. These proposals involve, among other things, reforms of legal and financial structures, strengthening of cooperation between Arab countries, increasing their combined use of the SRD
Ngom, Abdoulaye. "L'OMC et l'accès des pays en développement au marché agricole de l'Union Européenne : entre traitement spécial et différencié et statut particulier de l'agriculture." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G003.
Full textThe adoption by the WTO of special and differential treatment (SDT) measures that are useful for promoting the agriculture of developing countries through agricultural trade has favored the access of developing countries to the remunerative market of the EU through multiple schemes that are not yet evenly distributed between developing countries. EU tariff preferences for developing countries (DCs) are among the most important trade development instruments used by developed countries. However, the effectiveness of SDT measures remains relative because of the limitations inherent in their content influenced by the special status of agriculture in the WTO. The EU continues to benefit from special arrangements and practices agricultural protectionism that is very complex and highly criticized externally. The commercial, agricultural, social, environmental and security policies in force in the European agricultural market neutralize the efforts made by developing countries, in particular least developed countries (LDCs) and ACP countries, to exploit preferences.The future access of developing countries to the agricultural market of the EU is currently linked to the uncertain outcome of the Doha Round negotiations on SDT and agriculture. The Ministerial Conferences in Bali (December 2013) and Nairobi (December 2015) have led to the establishment of partial and minimum agreements that seem to maintain the subtle imbalance between a non-constraining SDT and a particular status of agriculture that is still resistant to The WTO without providing a definitive solution to the status quo of DCs access to agricultural markets in developed countries. The challenges and prospects of developing countries' access to the EU agricultural market depend on the direction of work in progress to address agricultural development and liberalization issues within a real development cycle
Gonfrier, Olivier. "La politique commerciale de la Communauté européenne et de ses Etats membres à l'épreuve de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020071.
Full textHervé, Alan. "L'Union européenne et la juridictionnalisation du mécanisme de règlement des différends de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G036.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to examine the response of the European Union towards the evolution of the Dispute Settlement Mecanism of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). More than fifteen years after its entry into force, the Dispute Settlement Mechanism is being constantly judicialized, so as to be considered nowadays one of the most eminent examples of judicialization in contemporary public international law. As one of the most active participants in the Dispute Settlement System of the WTO the question of the EU's contribution and adaptation to this process has been pertinent. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that the EU's approach, wich is guided by its self-interest, has taken into account the judicialization of the WTO dispute settlement mecanism. The EU's decision making process has overcome its burdensome nature and has proved to be efficient in adressing the challenges of participating in WTO dispute settlements. At the same time, the EU managed to preserve the autonomy of its own legal order in spite of normative constraints resulting from judicialization. By the same token, the EU adapts its dispute settlement policy to the evolution and new nature of the system, by drawing inspiration from judicalization and its limits
Traore, Kadiatou. "La problématique de la participation des pays en développement à l'OMC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1070.
Full textLong time considered as weak entities of the international trading system and requesters for preferential treatment, developing countries account for 50% of global trade today. They are seen both as huge potential markets and as dangerous competitors for developed countries’ firms. Their place on the international trade scene is more than ever on the agenda. The best proof is their denomination «development round» attributed to the round of negotiations launched in November 2001 after the Doha Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization. By studying the issue of developing countries in the WTO's participation we set two goals. The first is to better understand the issues of the application of WTO rules on developing countries. When considering this question, we must bear in mind (or consider sans bear in mind) how these countries work together and contribute in a direct way to the main activities of this organization. The second purpose is to study the need for a special and differential treatment for developing countries. Thus, we examine the participation of developing countries in the WTO' issues (Part I). The second part (Part II) is devoted, in its turn, to a comprehensive study of their current status in the World Trade Organization. The various measures related to a special and differential treatment in their favor are highlighted and also their effectiveness, sometimes all link with
Couadou, Cyrille. "Le système anti-dumping communautaire." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010283.
Full textThe legal analysis of the european community anti-dumping system leads one to eliminate from its scope certain interpretative notions that a part of legal opinion has used in order to designate the practices that, although they present certain analogies with these strategies, do not fulfil the defining criteria. These criteria have been redefined in the basic regulation 3283 94 in order to take into account the amendments brought by the new anti-dumping code incorporated into annexe 1a of the marrakech agreement that institutes the world trade organisation (wto). This new set of rules constitutes the ralisation of an empirical development that acts as a correcting mechanism with regard to the relativity of mechanisms that could not serve as an invarying structure for the neutralising processes and protectionsit defensive systems. However, the actual implementation, as in the case of any correcting substitute, even if it constitutes a palliatif with regard to the structural causes of the biasing of competitive structures on international markets, necessarily containts its own inherent weaknesses. If certain of the limitations that weaken the effectiveness of this legal arsenal are inherent to the nature of dumping itself, to a certain judicial restraint, and to the macro-economic structure of which they are part (endogenous limitations), whilst other are inherent to certain deviant international practices (exogenous limitations), both types of limitation have in common that they are neither inevitable and have their source in unsatisfactory legal terms. Voy,nota. Institutable mechanisms with regard to social dumping, second generation circumventory practices, the processing of confidential information, standing for judicial review. The terms of the legal analysis thus need to be made up of the two parts they inductively imply : on the one hand, the constitutive elements of the integrated notions, and on the other hand, the mechanisms of a specific defence
Lewandowski-Arbitre, Magdalena. "Les accords d'équivalence relatifs aux mesures sanitaires entre l'UE et les PAECO." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010288.
Full textNguyen, Tien Vinh. "Les problèmes juridiques de l'intégration des pays en développement au système commercial multilatéral de l'OMC : la cas du Vietnam." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070024.
Full textThe WTO is both an international organization and a set of agreements defining the rules of the international trade. Integration into the WTO means integrating the contemporary multilateral trading system, which is necessary and irreversible for developing countries. However, this integration raises many challenges and difficulties. The institutional integration of developing countries is reflected in the fact that they benefit primarily from the status of membership in the WTO. Furthermore, it is important that they should participate effectively in the process of decision making and its dispute settlement system. Material integration in the WTO requires developing countries to ensure that their own national rules and business practices conform to relevant WTO rules. In particular, it also requires these countries to take advantage of opportunities created by the implementation of these rules to meet their own specific needs and interests. The choice of Vietnam as example can decline the subject into three main parts: the first deals with the process of accession, the second is the implementation of the WTO agreements and the third addresses the question of participation in the operation and dispute settlement system of the WTO
Alanzi, Abdulsalam. "L'OMC, les pays membres du Conseil de coopération du Golfe arabe et la protection de la propriété intellectuelle." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis to study the compatibility of the protection of intellectual property rights in the Cooperation council for the Arab states of the Gulf with the Trade related intellectual property agreement of the World trade organization (the Trips agreement of the WTO). Renowned in the past as being a haven for pirated and counterfeited goods from Asia, the Gulf countries remained for years in top position in the famous US Trade representative's special 301 list. The lak of an appropriate law to protect intellectual property rights had often been denounced as being an incentive for piracy and counterfeiting. Nevertheless, there has been some significant improvement in all these areas over the past few months. First, the Gulf Co-operation council respected the general protection of the intellectual property of the Trips agreement by their tender to the general provisions, basic principles and their respected to enforcement of intellectual property rights. Secondly the Gulf Co-operation council respected the special protection of the intellectual property of the Trips agreement, the Gulf Co-operation issued a new laws for copyright, patent, trademarks and designs and industrials models. On the legislative level, most of GCCA countries still have to enact provisions to protect the layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits, geographical indications and protection of undisclosed information to fully comply with requirements of the Trips agreement
Adam, Valérie. "La réforme de la politique agricole commune de l'Union européenne ou l'évolutionnisme permanent du droit communautaire." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1003.
Full textMedjahed, Mohamed Tayeb. "Le droit de l'OMC et le renforcement des capacités de défense commerciale des pays en développement." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0979.
Full textLaw under the World Trade Organization (WTO) is developing very rapidly in a specific branch of the field. Despite its growing influence on national and regional laws and the policy at these levels, as well as because of its technicality and complexity, WTO law is still often poorly known. A feature of the WTO lies in its sophisticated mechanism for settling disputes. It is clear that most member countries want to take advantage of the WTO dispute settlement system. For example, developing countries, especially smaller ones, often do not have a sufficient number of specialists who are experts on WTO law or the dispute settlement procedures. Many developing country Members stressed that they had a vital and ongoing need for assistance to strengthen their technical capacities with Defence Commercial in order to fulfil their obligations to the WTO. They also considered it important align this assistance with the specific technical and legal needs of developing countries
Bioum, Flora. "L'Union européenne face aux enjeux internationaux de l'audiovisuel." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082933.
Full textAudiovisual techniques are a sector where the economic, political, sociological and cultural stakes are a primordial importance for Europe. The audiovisual policy of the European Union aim at the creation a market for European films and programmes, in order to favour the circulation of these works and guarantee their international competitiveness, especially with regard to American audiovisual products. Since Uruguay Round, the liberal specification of the AGCS constitutes a threat for the TSF directive, the cornerstone of the European policy. However, the legal foundation proposed for the notion of cultural diversity by United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, has new break to European audiovisual policy. What will be the repercussions on European policies ?
Quentel, Vincent. "Les implications des contentieux OMC agroalimentaires pour la Communauté européenne." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10006.
Full textSince the creation of wto, the Common agricultural policy (CAP) and the international legal framework applicable to the trade of the agrifood products deeply evolved. The disputes settled on the matter by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) presents from now involvements which largely exceed the framework of those that the reports of the GATT panels could cover. The litigations in which the European Community was involved since 1995 are illustrations. They highlighted certain imbalances of the european agrifood model, shared between the respect of the guiding principles of WTO and the use for its derogatory provisions. Following the complaints launched against the Community, the model in question must adapt, but frequently with the concern of reconciling the requirement of the implementation of DSU's recommendations with the will to preserve the communautary interests. This exercise put in particular forward the difficulties related concomitantly on the combining of the CAP with the other communautary policies and to the compliance with the multilateral rules. These two requirements are not contradictory. Their realization takes part in the new objective of the communautary authorities : the recognition of the european agrifood model at the international level
Thillier, Alexandre. "L' antidumping communautaire face aux évolutions juridiques et aux mutations économiques internationales." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10406.
Full textThe concept of antidumping has not undergone any significant alteration since its last international codification in 1947. It still constitutes a tool against the phenomenon of international price discrimination. However, nowadays antidumping not only has to keep pace with legal developments but it is also confronted with profound international economic change. At a legal level, the adoption of a new agreement in 1994 noticeably reinforced WTO antidumping rules. Moreover, the new Dispute Settlement System allows for a better control of its use by the WTO members. In this new context, the legal deference of European Community antidumping instrument to international rules seems to be flawed. At an economic level, developments in the process of "globalization" have radically altered the traditional benchmarks of international trade. Compagnies are no longer "national" but have become "transnational". Furthermore, the external economic relations of states have also moved towards the intensification of free trade. Antidumping, as a necessary strategic instrument for regulating this economic phenomenon must be reformed taking into account certain criticisms that have been made. Otherwise, its very legitimacy could be called into question
Rezzouk, Mohammed. "Essai(s) sur la politique concurrentielle internationale." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090051.
Full textThis thesis explores the consequences of the deletion of the competition issue from the WTO negotiating agenda in 2004. It examines, in particular, the consequences of this deletion for developing countries. Three case studies deal successively with the following issues: the adoption of a domestic competition law in a developing country ( the example of Egypt), the fight against international anticompetitive agreements ( the example of the vitamins cartel), and the concern of some developing countries with respect to the impact of an international agreement on competition ( the example of OPEC). Drawing lessons from the three case studies, the thesis then examines whether competition policy should be reinstated on the WTO negotiating agenda is warranted or whether there is no need for the international community to seek such an agreement
Kalinda, François-Xavier. "La protection des indications géographiques et son intérêt pour les pays en développement." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4009.
Full textGeographical indications like any other intellectual property right are territorial in nature and they confer exclusive rights. They are associated with products which contain a considerable commercial value and are subject to international transactions. For this reason, they may be susceptible to misappropriation, counterfeiting and other forms of abuse. This explains the need for an international cooperation to protect them on international level. Globalization of intellectual property rights was made possible by the signing of the agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) which, through its Annex lC which forms the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), has made geographical indications a valuable tool for international trade. However, this globalization did not solve the issue of their level of protection. In many developing countries, the new round of trade negotiations called the "Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and the proliferation of bilateral and regional trade agreements have initiated a growing interest for the protection of geographical indications. These countries are seeking to use geographical indications as a tool to promote rural development and exports of specific products while preserving the national cultural heritage. This thesis examines to which extend, in the context of globalisation, an effective protection of geographical indications at national and international level can contribute to the development of developing countries
Agbéko, Nakou Fogan. "Le rôle de la multifonctionnalité agricole dans la restructuration du développement rural : l'exemple de la Politique Agricole Commune de l'Union Européenne." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT3008.
Full textMainly supported by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the control of the market prices, European agriculture has turned into a stigmatisation of all the dysfunctions of Society. Those dysfunctions are characterized by an excessive production, leading to an inflation of financial measures for agriculture, and to food insecurity due to a misjudgement of environmental resources. Considering those negative effects, a new pillar of measures has been developed in the frame of the CAP. The reorganization of the CAP is now based on “multifunctional agriculture”. This concept of production is rooted in sustainable development and attempts to turn agriculture into a competitive economical activity which also protects environment and cultural identities in the rural areas. Therefore “multifunctional agriculture” has been set up as a referential standard of the CAP by making a consubstantial link between agriculture and rural areas. The concept of “multifunctional agriculture”, in spite of its simple formulation, is made of contradictions and reveals itself to be unsolvable in the game of international competition. This problem calls into question not the legitimacy of this referential standard but its economical efficiency as its implementation requires important structural costs. The role of “multifunctional agriculture” is therefore reduced to a method of restructuring the CAP, now subjected to an irreversible liberalization of trade ruled by the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Fréneau, Alban. "Inégalité économique et égalité devant la justice de l'O. M. C. : étude du fonctionnement et de la crédibilité du système de règlement des différends du point de vue des pays en développement." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010303.
Full textMachrouh, Jamal. "Le statut des pays en développement dans le système de règlement des différends de l'OMC." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR1001.
Full textKouwoaye, Amèvi Rocard. "Essays on trade policies and poverty in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40339.
Full textThis thesis investigates theoretically and empirically the effects of trade policies and trade integration on poverty in developing countries. More specifically, we are interested in the effects of GATT/WTO membership on poverty and the effects of trade tax reforms on poverty in developing countries. In the first chapter, we develop a Heckscher-Ohlin framework featuring an urban-rural segmentation, with region-specific and product-specific factors and goods to explain the role of comparative advantage in how GATT/WTO accession impacts on poverty. We rely on matching econometrics to identify the effects of GATT/WTO membership on poverty using a sample of 125 countries over the 1980-2012 period. Our results show that the GATT/WTO membership decreased poverty in member countries that are net exporters of agricultural products and more specifically of labor-intensive agricultural exports. In contrast, GATT/WTO accession increased poverty in developing countries that are net importers of agricultural products. In the second chapter, we we develop a Heckscher-Ohlin model with a regional segmentation and country-specific productivity shifters to show that the incidence of GATT/WTO adhesion generally depends on productivity and endowment differences and hence on the level of poverty prior to adhesion. This justifies an empirical model featuring a quantile regression approach. This approach allows us to test that the effects of GATT/WTO on poverty vary across countries belonging to different poverty quantiles. Our results reveal that GATT/WTO membership increases significantly poverty across the entire conditional poverty distribution. Countries with high initial poverty rates suffer higher poverty increases than countries with lower poverty rates. Finally, in the third chapter, we assess trade-tax reforms induced by the reduction in trade taxes that typically accompany participation in multilateral and regional trade agreements in terms of their effects on poverty in developing countries. We model the trade tax reforms poverty nexus as heterogeneous across countries with cross-sectionally dependent errors usinga sample of 91 developing countries over 1980-2016 period. We find that a shift from taxeson international trade towards domestic taxes under revenue-neutrality reduces poverty in the countries that have consolidated on average over time their comparative advantage in agriculture while it increases poverty in countries that moved from being net exporters to net importers of agricultural products.
Razaranaina, Nomenirina. "Vers l’abandon du traitement préférentiel des pays en développement dans le cadre du système commercial multilatéral." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100229.
Full textThere are two categories of State actors in the multilateral commercial system. On first hand, developed countries are at the origin of the most part of the proposals of the juridical texts having led to the GATT of 1947 and to the creation of the WTO in 1994. On the other hand, developing countries which demanded the institution of a preferential treatment: a policy aiming at considering their delay of development. This measure did not bring concrete, permanent and visible, economic development with a majority of Developing countries. This is why, the idea relating to the abandonment of preferential regime seems appropriate. As part of the negotiations of the Doha Development Agenda, developing countries do have not any more interest in demanding the strengthening of SDT. The multilateral trades have to be based on a North/South partnership and the development of the incorporation of developing countries within the different regional commercial blocks. The evolution of localism allows so to acquire an uniform multilateral commercial system compounding with the objective of WTO
Guesmi, Amelle. "Le médicament à l'OMC : entre droits de brevets et enjeux de santé." Nice, 2008. https://www.stradalex.eu/fr/se_mono/search/MEDOMC.
Full textSometimes good, sometimes “health product” and/or “patentable object”, medicine often get away from free movement rules. On the multilateral side, the intellectual property right integration within the GATT stem from an unprecedented lobbying. Pharmaceutical industry has used the patent law in order to protect its investments. The antiretroviral drugs inaccessibility for developing countries well illustrates the health detrimental effect resulting from economic retention of pharmaceutical’s innovations. The knowledge diffusion between countries and between private and public sectors seems the only way for progress to be benefit of the humankind. In this respect, the WTO has a major role to play. A complete rethinking of its patenting system, which would value more human dimension of the protected object, promote a democratization of its internal functioning as well as of its relations with external actors, should enable an improvement of health world governance
Urlacher, Camille. "Mondialisation et intérêt général : les incidences de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS) sur le régime juridique communautaire des services d’intérêt général (SIG)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100136.
Full textBy acceding the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the European Community and its Member States have incorporated the Community legal rules on services of general interest in a new legal framework. The rules of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) govern the opening of the markets of services of general interest to foreign providers. They have as an objective the removal of obstacles to trade regarding all the sectors for which the States have made a commitment for opening out to competition. Within the services sector, these obstacles have mostly a regulatory nature. But there is a difference between a protectionist regulatory system and one which is protecting the general interest. Thus one can fear seeing the principles governing the opening of the markets endangering the specificities of legal rules related to services of general interest. This fear gets even worse taking into account that the GATS doesn’t provide for any derogatory mechanism regarding these services. The inexistence of such regulatory mechanisms results in the conclusion that the protection of the legal rules on services of general interest can be accomplished mainly through the negotiation process. The European Community has to ensure the preservation of a coherence between these rules and the commitments it makes within the GATS framework, and induce the integration of the European social model within the regulations which are being developed. These orientations can only be effectively pursued if the elements of the rules on services of general interest are established in advance. Thus the protection of the European social model within the WTO framework can be accomplished through the development of these rules
Ouled, Ben Hafsia Lofti. "L'accès aux marchés, le système commercial multilatéral et le développement." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D010.
Full textWhile trade barriers are falling, legal barriers are not. The number of countries has more than tripled in the past 50 years. Twenty years ago, people often associated business law with a particular nation. Today, they cannot afford to. A variety of international trade rules and practices are shaping the way trade is conducted. Whether we speak of agriculture, services, textiles and clothing, intellectual property. . . , WTO agreements dominate the international trade arena. The opening of markets has boosted trade and economic growth worldwide in the past few decades. Yet tariffs still remain a key obstacle to "market access". The potential benefits of further reducing this obstacle are significant. The Doha Development Agenda agreed in November 2001 by WTO ministers provides a roadmap for the current multilateral trade talks, calling for achievement of sybstantial improvements in market access, particularly for DC. We need new ways to facilitate business deals, settle disputes and create secure legal environments that attract foreign partners
Kutas, Géraldine. "Impact of the Doha Round on the European agricultural sector." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0015.
Full textThis dissertation examines the links between international trade and agricultural policy through the lens of multilateral trade rules negotiations. It provides a qualitative analysis, based on primary sources, of the December 2008 draft modalities for the three pillars of agricultural negotiations and the latest reform of the Common Agricultural Policy that started with the 2003 Mid-Term Review and concluded with the 2009 Health Check. The three chapters of this dissertation show that the main pitfalls of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture are addressed in the current draft modalities. They also conclude that despite the broad reform process the European agricultural policy went through since 2003; the negotiating maneuver of the European Union at the World Trade Organization is thin, implying a significant impact of the Doha Round on the protection of the European agricultural sector. Chapter 1 shows that the European Union will not be able to maintain the most protected products isolated from international competition. Chapter 2 concludes that the agricultural reform is just sufficient to undertake the proposed cuts in domestic support. Chapter 3 shows that despite the significant reduction in the use of export subsidies, total elimination might prove difficult as export refunds tend to be reactivated in times of production crisis
Obertan, Paméla. "Les stratégies de contestation des pays en voie de développement face à l'universalisation des brevets sur le vivant." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0642/document.
Full textAccording to the classical theories of power, asymmetrical relations generally favor the most powerful actor in terms of resources. However, the most powerful in terms of strength and resources part does not always win in negotiations. This depends on several factors, including negotiation tactics of the weaker party. Our thesis aims to analyze different type of negotiation strategies that weaker parties can use to obtain some benefit. To illustrate this point, we chose the example set by a number of developing countries (DV) to challenge the patenting of life contained in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Our goal was to understand the key strategies they have used to question this norm and rebalance it. To make this work, we used the concept of hegemony conceptualized by Gramsci and the concept of framework borrowed from the literature of social movements. This tool has allowed us to make the assumption that TRIPS is a hegemonic norm that mainly benefit to few developed countries and international companies. However, this domination is hidden by the norms thanks to universal and positive discourse which help to generate strong adhesion. Thus, in such a case, developing countries can’t expect to challenge this norm without a change of perception. It is therefore necessary that the rules perceived as fair and immutable are framed as unjust and mutable, so that countries decide to challenge it. We then tested this hypothesis through a content analysis of the DC’s official discourse at the World Trade Organization. This work has allowed us to observe that the framing is an important tool in the fight against the norm’s hegemony. Indeed, it offers the possibility to show that the patenting of life, far from presenting just a source of benefits, is also a source of problems that need solutions. The frame is also a good way to develop alternative normative propositions. However, we found that this strategy is insufficient to translate DC’s proposals into binding norms. In order to obtain changes in the agreement, building coalitions is particularly relevant for DC. Furthermore, we noted that DC which require regulatory changes when the structure of political opportunities is opened are more likely to obtain what they want. This thesis offers us a general picture of negotiations strategies and reveal that under certain conditions the weaker parties can get some gains in an asymmetrical negotiation
Li, Fheng-Ying. "Les règles d’origine préférentielles de l'UE et l’analyse de leur application en matière de marchandises d'importation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1124.
Full textRules of origin are used to define the place where a product was manufactured. To understand the evolution of trade, especially in the cases of unilateral and bilateral trade agreements, the knowledge of the preferential rules of origin and cumulation is necessary.The preferential rules of origin play a legitimate part in the prevention of the commercial deviations. The EU has the largest number of preferential trade agreements with a high degree of harmonization of origin laws, for example the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) for 78 ACP countries and the system of cumulation for EURO-MED.As we know, the subsidiary for agriculture product such as sugar and cotton of EU and USA are the main reason which causes the poverty of LCDs. So, the mains purpose of this dissertation is want to find: Does EU really sincerely uses the preferential rules of origin (PROO) to help the LCDs or just want to keep their historical colonial benefits? Why the EU member against the EU commission's newly policy after the WTO member by the same product? How the EU PROO does keep harmony with their member countries and the WTO's member countries? Could we find a way to improve or replace the PROO of EU for the same product to prevent another case happen both in WTO and CJCE? We have found the answer at the Conclusion
Boutaourout, El Houcine. "La place des pays en développement dans le système commercial multilatéral : (de la création du GATT à nos jours)." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D008.
Full textThe place of the developing countries in the multilateral commercial système evolved in several stages to arrive at the current situation. The birth of the multilateral commercial system started with the failure of the Charter of Havana and with the creation of GATT in 1947, whish was at its beginnings far from all concerns concerning the developing countries. The interests of the developing countries started with the adoption of Part IV, under the impluse of the UNCTAD, the SGP and then with the clause of enabling and graduation. Uruguay Round, was a major stage in this process which allowed the adoption of the Agreements of Marrakech in 1994 and the birth of OMC. The assessment of these agreements is mitigated, certain preserve the interest of the developing countries, other not. The rest was marked by the six ministerial Conferences of OMC and the launching of a new Cycle of negotiation which has difficulties to end
Lautard-Mattioli, Clémence. "La politique préférentielle de l'Union européenne en faveur des pays en développement au regard du droit de l'OMC : chronique d'une mise en conformité difficile." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010296/document.
Full textThe European Union (EU) Preferential Treatment aims at granting an easier access to the common market. For the Developing Countries, the interest of such a policy is to enhance their exportation ability, and consequently, to secure growth and development since two decades, this policy is constantly and thoroughly changing. To analyze this mutation we have to consider the way the World Trade Organization (WTO) Law is integrated by and within the European instruments, as the EU is due to abide by it. In practice, this obligation was often breached. The EU and the WTO are related in a strong but complex way. Compliance is the instrument used in order to ensure the observance of WTO law: li has been imposed by the WTO framework and translated within the EU law. Nevertheless, compliance has different meanings depending on which provision is analyzed. The specificity of the European instruments legal basis, as well as the complex relationships between the two legal systems, led to a complex process of compliance. If progress is real, various issues remain unresolved. To some extent, the reform of the EU preferential treatment is a threat for the originality of European instruments toward Developing Countries. This process raises also questions about the relationship between bilateralism and multilateralism
ZEH, ONDOUA JEAN. "Les pays du tiers monde et la reglementation internationale des transports maritimes entre etats. De l'omi a l'omc : contribution a l'etude de l'evolution du processus de l'elaboration des normes internationales." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL20007.
Full textThe conflict between the development disparities of states and the uniformity of international law which governs their mutual links is at the origins of the claims of the third world countries in matter of maritime transport. Voiced at the imo confrence since 1948, these claims aimed at two objectives. On the one hand, they longed for an international community of which all the members would be international law architects for maritime and economic navigation. On the other, they desired the working out of a regulation likey to meet the concerns of all the countries and promote their equitable participation in maritime and economic traffic. Our study thoroughly schemes through the main features of talks between states in view of reaching these aims which cannot be dissociated from the general progress of developing countries. The first part of this study describes the principles that have presided over the traditional organisation of maritime transport and expounds the broad lines of the negotiations progress in this sector. It also examines the internationally normative results brought about by the negotiations. The second part is dedicated to the limitations of means for maritime projection by third world countries. Given the very liberal orientation of its globalisation, the second part also deals with the conditions on which depends the improvement of merchant ships of the majority of them, particularly those for the ministerial conference of west and central african states on maritime transport
Khalil, Emam. "Analyse du dumping et de l'antidumping : cas de l'Egypte." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0658.
Full textBourges, Leticia A. "La distinction du produit agricole et du produit agroalimentaire dans la dynamique du droit rural." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010266.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Binh. "Le système de règlement des différends de l'OMC : étude des enjeux pour les pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40056.
Full textAdje, Couzahon. "L'accord de partenariat de Cotonou : vers une nouvelle forme de coopération entre l'Union Européenne et les pays d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022524.
Full textTeeroovengadum, Vittiyaiye. "L’accord sur la facilitation des échanges et le développement durable des petits états insulaires en voie de développement : un cas d’étude sur l’Ile Maurice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100113.
Full textThe development of a country cannot now be seen only from the economic point of view, the social and environmental aspects must also be considered. The various trade conventions and decisions must promote and enable sustainable development. The thesis examines the link between the articles of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). TFA is the last major agreement of the World Trade Organization, its purpose is to make trade in goods more fluid through an efficient import, export and transit system among others. The agreement will help less developed countries to participate more actively in international trade. The substantive articles of the TFA are critically studied in the light of sustainable development but also the articles which deal with the mechanism of implementation of the TFA. The latter is very particular and innovative because it adapts to the level of development of the country. The SDGs most affected by the implementation of the TFA have been identified. In addition, this thesis considers the context of the SIDS which are countries with particularities specific to them and Mauritius is studied as a case study to allow a critical analysis of the subject. Recommendations for the WTO and SIDS are made for effective implementation of the AFE
Notaro, Nicola. "Judicial approaches to trade and environment : the EC and the WTO /." London : Cameron May, 2003. http://lib.hku.hk/hkspc/wto/index.html.
Full textGirardo, Benjamin. "La conditionnalité politique dans le système de préférences généralisées (SPG) de l’Union européenne : contribution à une identité de l'Union pour le développement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAD008.
Full textA Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a reduction in custom fees on exports from « developing » subjects of public international law to « developed » countries. As a general rule, conditionality is a tool used to establish, deepen or maintain a legal situation conditioned by specific behavior from it’s beneficiary(ies). This tool is qualified as « political » when it conditions governing tools and/or the public policy of a subject of public international law. The European Union’s GSP has several forms of conditionality which deal with the public of policy of the developing countries benefiting from reduced custom fees. This work aims to study the EU’s conditioned GSP in the context of this sui generis international organization’s construction and as evidence of a EU-specific conception of international relations for development. As each legal tool reflects it’s creator, how does this act reveal certain characteristics of the EU or even aspects of the EU’s identity ? The EU’s conditioned GSP is an expression of European identity as it is defined unilaterally and applied with relative uniformity. However, this expression is limited and ambivalent. First of all, limited, because the GSP is a secondary act within EU commercial policy and it’s political conditionality is not found in other elements of the EU’s foreign relations. Secondly, ambivalent, because this GSP can seem illegal in the context of international commercial relations, all the while renewing the concept of development-through-trade within the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Toguyeni, Aminata. "La participation juridique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest au commerce international : entre régionalisme et système multilatéral de l'OMC." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOD005.
Full textThe legal participation of the States of West Africa to international trade is reflected by the establishment of internal and external regional agreements and their accession to the WTO multilateral system. States are therefore facing individual legal commitments simultaneously and this raises the problem of their capacity as developing countries or LDCs to cope. Today the development of these States is at the heart of all trade negotiations in the framework of the new agreements economic partnership or one of the Doha round. But all these negotiations are at an impasse and it promotes the development of internal regional agreements. This study focuses on the various processes of interaction that can occur between regionalism and multilateralism. The effectiveness of the various trade agreements put in place by States West Africans assumes coherence and compatibility between them
Chellaf, Aziz. "Le traitement spécial et différencié dans les accords du GATT/OMC : l'apport de la déclaration de Doha." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1005.
Full textThe Declaration of the fourth world trade Organization Ministerial Conference set itself the goal of making special and differential treatment more precise, effective and operational. The keynote of the conference being development, the Doha Declaration marked a return to including special and differential treatment in trade negotiations after the results of the Uruguay Round had reduced it to mere transitional provisions. The new impetus given to special and differential treatment was striking in several respects : access to markets, access to medicines, technical assistance, etc. This interest in the issues of developing countries came at a time when they were very active within the Geneva institution. Through the use of the dispute settlement mechanism or the various coalitions in the institution, developing countries became aware of the benefits which could be gained by fully participating in the WTO process
El, Moukahal Daria. "Litiges de l'Union européenne devant l'Organe de règlement des différends." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD001.
Full textThe main purpose of the research is to identify the European Union's strategy in the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO and to determine the role that international trade disputes play on the European level. Particularly, the EU participation specificity, compared to other Members of the WTO and the reasons for its involvement, are examined in the frame of an analysis on the manner in which international disputes inscribe into its external policy. We also analyze the EU disputes contribution to the development of international law. The research articulates around two main parts which contribute to the study of coherence of the EU strategy in the DSB.EU policies are frequently attacked in front of the DSB. The EU uses recourse to international trade disputes as an instrument to promote to the international level its non trade values and essential interests and to defend its historical acquis according to main directions of its policies. These EU ambitions explain the specificity of its international trade disputes. The first part of the research analyses the particular nature of international trade disputes of the EU and intends to answer the question to know by what means the EU tries to impose its own experience of trade liberalization onto international level (Part I).In the second part we are analyzing the EU choice of modes of dispute settlement depending on different criteria. So, the dispute settlement means depends on the parties to the conflict and the stakes of the dispute. We also examine if institutional conditions for its participation to settlement of international trade disputes and special mechanisms of Common Commercial Policy existing in the EU are compliant with WTO law requirements, and if they are consequently profitable for efficient defense of the EU trade and non trade interests (Part II)
Agbodjan, Prince Hervé. "Le droit de l’omc et l’agriculture : analyse critique et prospective du système de régulation des subventions agricoles." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40053/document.
Full textFrom GATT 1947 to WTO, the legal framework of agriculture remains a difficult and laborious process in its procedural aspects as well as in its normative and institutional ones. The decision framework of the WTO is marked by the seal of "consensus" and hardly allows to establish a satisfactory regulatory framework. A comprehensive agreement on agricultural policy has been postponed by blocking strategies or ad hoc coalitions at the critical times of the successive multilateral negotiations. Therefore, the agricultural question is being smothered by national issues and the logic of political economy which neither positive law of the WTO, nor the decision-making processes in force at the World Trade Organization have been able to resorb. The process of dismantling trade barriers has given way to national policies of massive subsidizing that the agreements on Agriculture and on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures have tried to stem in vain. This thesis reviews this phenomenon with a critical eye through an extensive consideration of the legal status of agriculture in general and the special treatment of agricultural subsidies. This analysis shows that the dead-end situation in the Doha negotiations result from a triple deficiency of the regulatory system on agricultural subsidies: (1) a deficiency of the regulatory framework resulting from the "original sin" of the agricultural exception, (2) an institutional deficiency coming from the inadequacy of the architecture of the WTO, mainly the decision-making process in relation to the phenomenon of agricultural subsidies and (3) a structural deficiency related to the conduct of the multilateral negotiations. This thesis demonstrates that these three deficiencies explain why it remains difficult for the process of Doha to bring binding commitments on the elimination of agricultural subsidies and development policies which would favour of developing countries and LDCs. The thesis also reveals that the inability of the "WTO system" to cope with diverging views over agriculture mainly livened up by the United States, the EU, the Cairns Group and the African Group on cotton results from those three deficiencies. A prospective analysis leads to the formulation of new alternative solutions based on the introduction of logics of efficiency in the elaboration and application of anti subsidy measures altogether with multilateral trade negotiation techniques