Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organisation paysanne'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Organisation paysanne.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gakalla, Jean-Pierre. "Politique vivrière agricole et organisation productive paysanne au Congo." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10019.
Full textRodrigues, SÃvio Josà Dias. "Organisation paysanne BALSAS IN / MA ET EXPANSION AGRO-ALIMENTAIRE DE SOJA: implications et la rÃsistance paysanne dans le sud de Maranhao." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9151.
Full textAnalyser les chamailleries et lâorganisation paysanne dans le sud du MaranhÃo, notademment dans la ville de Balsas. A partir de l'expansion de la moderne agriculture du soja, et de leurs rÃseaux d'interaction dans les espaces reproduits par cette actività et ainsi rÃflÃchir sur les conflits existant entre diffÃrentes maniÃres de s'organiser l'espace dans les rÃgions de frontiÃre. L'incorporation des aires du Cerrado, principalement, aprÃs les dÃcades de 1970 et 1980 est part du procÃs de l'internationalisation de lâÃconomie brÃsilienne, niant d'autres formes productives et se surposant à ces. Le conflit rÃside dans la territorialisation de certains groupes au dÃtriment d'autres qui se dÃterritorialisent dans la rÃgion de l'expansion de l'agroindustrie du soja. La resistance se produit de deux maniÃres qui peuvent Ãtre diffÃrents dans sa forme thÃorique, mais qui se complÃtent dans la pratique, ce que nous appelons conflit direct et conflit voilÃe ou silencieuse. L'apparition d'entitÃs qui donnent soutien juridique et dans la production des paysans, comme lâAssociaÃÃo Camponesa (ACA), le Sindicato de Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais (STTR) et la ComissÃo Pastoral da Terra (CPT) sont indicatives des formes variÃes de lutte dans la rÃgion. L'espace dans cette rÃgion sera le produit dialectique du conflit existant entre diffÃrentes maniÃres d'organiser le territoire. Pour la constrution du produit de cette recherche ont Ãtà nÃcessaires excursions au champ dans la ville de Balsas, avec rÃalisations des interviews, et recueille des matÃriaux divers, allant des rapports jusqu'aux matÃriaux dâinformation. Au-delà de recueillir des informations et matÃriels faites dans les entitÃs comme l'IBGE, l'INCRA, ITERMA, DÃpartements Municipaux et d'Ãtat entre autres, au-delà de entitÃs divers comme la Sociedade Maranhense de Direitos Humanos et le Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) qui ont Ãtà faites au cours de deux ans.
Analisar a conflituosidade e a organizaÃÃo camponesa no sul do MaranhÃo, especialmente no municÃpio de Balsas, a partir da expansÃo da moderna agricultura da soja, e das suas redes de interaÃÃo dentro dos espaÃos reproduzidos por esta atividade e assim refletir sobre o conflito existente entre formas diferentes de se organizar o espaÃo nas regiÃes de fronteira. A incorporaÃÃo de Ãreas de Cerrado, principalmente, depois das dÃcadas de 1970 e 1980 à parte do processo de internacionalizaÃÃo da economia brasileira, negando outras formas produtivas e se sobrepondo a estas. O conflito reside na territorializaÃÃo de determinados grupos em detrimento de outros que se desterritorializam na regiÃo de expansÃo do agronegÃcio da soja. A resistÃncia se dà de duas maneiras que podem ser distintas na sua forma teÃrica, mas que se complementam na prÃtica, o que denominamos de conflito direto e conflito velado ou silencioso. O aparecimento de entidades que dÃo apoio jurÃdico e na produÃÃo dos camponeses, bem como a AssociaÃÃo Camponesa (ACA), Sindicato de Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais (STTR) e ComissÃo Pastoral da Terra (CPT) sÃo indicativos das variadas formas de luta na regiÃo. O espaÃo nessa regiÃo serà o produto dialÃtico do conflito existente entre formas diferenciadas de organizar o territÃrio. Para a construÃÃo do produto desta pesquisa foram necessÃrias idas a campo, no municÃpio de Balsas, com realizaÃÃo de entrevistas, e coleta de materiais diversos, que vÃo desde relatÃrios atà informativos. AlÃm de coleta de dados e materiais feitos em ÃrgÃos como o IBGE, INCRA, ITERMA, Secretarias municipais e estaduais dentre outros, alÃm de entidades diversas como a Sociedade Maranhense de Direitos Humanos e Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, que foram feitas no transcorrer de dois anos.
Wateau, Fabienne. "Antagonismes et irrigation : organisation sociale d'une communauté paysanne du nord-ouest du Portugal." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100178.
Full textThe main lines of the social organisation of a peasant community of northern portugal (melgaco, alto minho) have been brought to light through the analysis of an agrarian technique : summer irrigation. In this very wet region, irrigation is a means of intensifying production but it is also pretext for initiating conflicts. These have for effect to reaffirm territorial and family identidies. The study who describes both irrigation techniques and the complexity of the sharing system, brings out one of the structuring principles of this community, that is rotational-sharing (linked to the principle of equal-share, not in terms of equal amount but in juridical terms : <>). This major principle is also active in all other fields of social life. Even though there is a strong individualistic context, everyone nonetheless tolerates the others because one profits from, shares and respects the same goods (water for example) and values, and as far as one does not try to stand-out from the group by selfgratifying initiatives whether economic or symbolic. Howewer, the study of kinship shows that the << game >> of distinction is nonetheless a practice. It is even thought-after : water-rights, distinct from landrights are essentially handed-down in maternal line. Their possession is decisive in the choice of a spouse
Jiménez, Esquerra Maria Luisa. "Mobilisation productive et relations de pouvoir dans une organisation paysanne : L'Union de ejidos General Lazaro Cardenas." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT1043.
Full textThis work deals with the advantages, obstacles, and challenges faced by rural farmers in Mexico-particularly those with rights to communal farmlands known as "ejidos"-as they take part in collective action and farmer organizations, as well as the present importance of these organizations and activities in Mexico's countryside. The context of the study is the current of peasant farmer organization that has emphasized and guided its mobilization according to the principles of productive management. The analysis uses as an example the experience of the Union de Ejidos de la Ex Laguna de Magdalena, a group comprising 11 ejidos in Jalisco state. Its 2,253 members are communal farmers who grow mainly maize and share the interests of remainning in agriculture and obtaining better access to local markets for maize and fertilizer. The study deals with the make-up of organization starting from its daily, internal activities : the participation of key actors, the interactions of power, the rules, the agreements, the negotiations, and the conflicts that drive collective action
Bosc, Pierre-Marie. "À la croisée des pouvoirs : une organisation paysanne face à la gestion des ressources, Basse Casamance, Sénégal /." Paris : IRD éd., Institut de recherche pour le développement : CIRAD, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400414746.
Full textMartínez, Godoy Diego. "Agriculture contractuelle et déterritorialisation dans les Andes Equatoriennes. Le cas d’une communauté paysanne au pied du volcan Cayambe - Equateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA033.
Full textBeneficiaries of land reform, indigenous communities located at the foot of Cayambe volcano are witness for almost two decades of territorial changes caused by theexpansion of the agro-industrial activity. Indeed, contract farming which considers smalls rural producers within the dairy production lines of several food industries, is the dominant model in the region. This kind of farming also promotes the reduction of production costs and the risks for the capitalist enterprises operating on the territory. Nevertheless, family farms would face a growing process of desterritorialisation that is increasing with the consolidation of agribusiness power and threatening to Andean community traditions, which are however vital in the process of the territorial construction and reconstruction. Are there still differentiated responses levels of family farmers to face to territorial changes and production-driven strategies led by agribusiness in the Ecuadorian Andes?
Robert, Virginie. "Enquêtes d'anthropologie auprès des communautés zapatistes : une organisation dans la guerre pour le droit de vivre en paix : contre l'Etat, les indigènes sont la figure de la multiplicité au Mexique." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082330.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis focuses on the new political framework created by the zapatist organisation that rose up the 1st January 1994 in Chiapas (Mexico). Considering that politics does not only concentrate on obtaining the power of the state, it can also be a form of thinking, sequential and lead to new relationship to the power. This analytical hypothesis leads to a specific kind of fieldwork (chap. 1 and 3). I spent several months in Chiapas, from 1999 to 2001 and took part to the Marching. It allowed me to conduct interviews. As a new form of thinking is emerging, individuals have been asked what they thought of the process they were developing. Their specifications frame the subjective space of this new idea of politics. The fieldwork reports (chap. 4 and 5) and the analysis of the statements (chap. 6 to 11) show that, in the sequence, the people oppose to the State another idea of "living together". Starting in 1992, this sequence is specified as a zapatists' war-people's peace (chap. 9). It arises out of the dialogue with the state and the autonomous development of indigenous and peasant communities (chap. 10). Supporting their army, the EZLN, and the "Sub" Marcos, the communities intend to impose an "obedient government" without destroying the State. "People, by themselves and for themselves" is the mode of the politics at stake. "Indigenous" constitutes its political emblematic disposition (chap. 7 and 8). It supports the autonomous and multiple organisation. Politics as people's peace leads to a new idea of the law: the right of people. It does not carry out pacification of the country but "dignification" of people's life (chap. 11)
Allain, Mathilde. "Défendre le territoire : la construction de solidarités internationales par les organisations paysannes colombiennes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0461/document.
Full textIn the Colombian conflict, which generated various forms of solidarities and led to the intervention of many international actors, the peasants that we met do not simply wait for outside solidarity. These local actors are organised into community groups inorder to defend their territory and to propose other forms of development. This encounter between peasant organisations and various international solidarity actors is atthe core of this work. In order to better understand how they built these solidarities, we propose to combine the sociology of social movements and the sociology of international solidarity. Based on a comparison and a fieldwork carried out as close as possible between two peasant organisations, we stress on the fact that this solidarity is the result of social constructs and the product of encounters between international actors and locals at particular times. We will therefore analyse the way in which peasants apprehend and define these relationships with international representatives as well ashow they try to make their case. Indeed, peasant leaders (re)claim so-called “global”causes, transform them and adapt their knowledge with the aim of mobilising at the localand international levels; this applies also – and indeed in particular – to the national level. For these local actors, the internationalisation of their cause thus does not appearas an end in itself but as a way to redefine their place in Colombia
Durante el conflicto colombiano, que suscitó diferentes formas de solidaridad y la intervención de numerosos actores internacionales, los campesinos afectados no se complacen con esperar la solidaridad que viene de afuera. En tanto que actores locales se organizan en colectivos para defender su territorio y proponer otras formas de desarrollo. Este encuentro, entre organizaciones campesinas y actores de la solidaridad internacional constituye el centro de esta tesis. Proponemos conjugar la sociología de las movilizaciones con la sociología de la solidaridad internacional para entender mejor cómo los campesinos construyen dichas relaciones de solidaridad. A partir de una comparación y de un estudio de campo con dos organizaciones campesinas, suponemos que la solidaridad es una construcción social producto de encuentros entre actores Internacionales y locales en momentos específicos. De esta forma, analizaremos la manera como los campesinos conciben y definen las relaciones con interlocutores internacionales, y como intentan hacer valer sus reivindicaciones. En efecto, los líderes campesinos se (re)apropian las denominadas causas « globales », las transforman, y luego adaptan sus saberes para movilizarse tanto a nivel local como internacional, e imprescindiblemente a nivel nacional. Así, la internacionalización de su causa no aparece como un fin para los actores locales, sino como una manera de redefinir su lugaren Colombia
Morena, Edouard. "The Confederation Paysanne as 'peasant' movement : re-appropriating 'peasantness' for the advancement of organisational interests." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-confederation-paysanne-as-peasant-movement(0c81f776-ea63-4fd8-8139-d49d5caaaaf8).html.
Full textLeveille, Lise-Anne. "Construire une alternative à l’agriculture industrielle : Les organisations paysannes et la souveraineté alimentaire au Québec et à Oaxaca." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24930.
Full textBosc, Pierre-Marie. "Organisations paysannes et ressources renouvelables en basse casamance. Les modes de coordination entre acteurs." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENSA0005.
Full textGentil, Dominique. "Les Mouvements coopératifs dans l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone : interventions de l'Etat ou organisations paysannes." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA001.
Full textSakai, Makiko. "Le développement par les organisations paysannes : analyse des "interventions participatives" dans le sud du Tchad." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010686.
Full textDahou, Tarik. "Entre parenté et politique : les organisations paysannes du delta du fleuve Sénégal à l'épreuve du factionnalisme." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHESA029.
Full textMaïga, Alkassoum. "Organisations paysannes et promotion rurale : etude de cas dans deux provinces du burkina faso (houet, kossi)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20042.
Full textWithin the framerwork of rural promotion peasant organisations have shown themselves to be essential. With regard to the process of development, both peasants and their partners have assigned to them a central role. Ever since, peasant structures have the strake of a monopoly struggle. They are the subject of a triple conflict between different actors. As a consequence, this stopps their dynamism
Lagrée, Stéphane. "La région des "Trois Monts" : paysans, espaces, pouvoirs : stratégies politiques et paysannes, organisation de l'espace rural et dynamique des paysages dans le massif forestier de Tam Dao, province de Vinh Phuc, Nord Viêt Nam." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30063.
Full textAchancho, Valantine. "Le rôle des organisations paysannes dans la professionnalisation de l'agriculture en afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935522.
Full textRoche, Philip. "Structuration de la végétation et organisation du paysage en Provence calcaire : approche spatiale et hiérarchique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11008.
Full textCoulibaly, Harouna. "Rôle des organisations paysannes dans la diffusion des semences de céréales : Articulation des réseaux semenciers étatique et traditionnels des paysans pour une conservation in situ des variétés. Cas des mils de sorghos au Mali." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100001.
Full textMali, country sahelian is located in a center of diversity of species among which are listed millet and sorghum. These two species are the main staple food crops. On-farm production represents the main source of seeds for peasants. Various reasons such drought or bad production motivate farmers to look permanently for more productive varieties. For that they have recourse to two seed supply systems which coexist on same space: the peasants’ seed system (PSS) and the formal seed system (FSS). The PSS which informally organized is the principal source of seed supply for peasants and more important than the FSS. In general, none of these systems satisfies the peasants’need seeds. Thus the farmer’s organizations of Mali, after participatory in research projects in varietal selection initiated her program of production and diffusion of certified seeds by co—operatives (FOSS). The result of this work put forward the multiplicity of the actors’ networks the seed systems with different resources, approachs and means. In the FSS, the choice of the varieties is done by the national seed service and the regional agriculture managers. Because of great diversity of the environments and preferences of the peasants, the restricted number of varieties and centers of multiplication it answer only one minority of situations. The FOSS diffuses certified seed to the satisfaction of its members. The full number of seed peasants and members to farmer’s organizations increases year by year. The quality of this network shows that the peasant is not hostile with the improved varieties. The various entities of the networks concerned with their articulation were formalized to produce a generic diagram of the management of the millets and sorghums varieties within in situ conservation
Viaud, Valérie. "Organisation spatiale des paysages bocagers et flux d'eau et de nutriments : Approche empirique et modélisations." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARD041.
Full textTarrière-Diop, Claire. "Les organisations paysannes dans la dynamique du changement social, le cas de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010531.
Full textInquiries made in 1992-93 in the rural community of guede have allowed to charaterize the present organisational phenomenon through our analysis focused not on a peculiar type of peasant organisation (PO), but on the inter-po articulations and the place of the PO in the actors strategy. Our main question is about the social meaning of the PO. Specifically, which is the role of the PO in the ongoing process of social restructuration in the African countrysides ? What are the stakes of these new organisational dynamics ? With this work, we want to show on one side that behind the diversity of the PO exists more than a scattered whole of po without links. Even, if certain po like the village associations for development or the federations at a national level play a peculiar role, the number of synergies existing between the po as well as between themselves and the other actors plays a part in the construction of a peasantry movement. On the other side, through the po, a certain number of sociopolitical stakes are played, as well at the level of the village society (at once reproduction and innovation in the social relations, leaderschip phenomenon) as at the level of global society (state-peasants relations). At these two levels, the PO are both the result and the engine of change, but they are also a mean of managing social change
Sanfo, Mamadou. "Organisations paysannes et sécurité alimentaire en Afrique sahélienne : rôles et enjeux des banques de céréales au Burkina Faso." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100045.
Full textDramé, Hassane. "Organisations paysannes et autopromotion rurale : les stratégies d'action collective pour le développement local et communautaire en Casamance (Sénégal)." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40058.
Full textRavoninirina, Marie-Pierrette. "Stratégies paysannes et organisation de l'espace en vue de la lutte contre la pauvreté dans le sud Betsileo(régions Lalangina et Arindrano)-Madagascar." Bordeaux 3, 2001. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2001BOR30047.
Full textDiop, Amadou Makhourédia. "Dynamiques paysannes, souveraineté alimentaire et marche mondial des produits agricoles : exemple du Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0007/document.
Full textAs in almost all SSA countries, the majority of the Senegalese population is rural. They earn their livelihoods from agriculture or activities that depend on it. Paradoxically, the public investment in agriculture remains very low, while food insecurity is progressing. To deal with food problems, the government multiplies announcements of agricultural policies, which are almost never followed up, because not based on specific and rigorous studies. Instead of policies, there are mostly management strategies cyclical food crises. In this context, we have sought to understand the strategies developed by the peasantry, the dynamics that drive family farms to reduce food insecurity in rural areas, and to what extent they can contribute to food sovereignty Senegal. This question calls for that of access to adequate food and that of its production. Thus, through our study we have entitled "Farming dynamics, food sovereignty and global market for agricultural products: the example of Senegal”, we try to answer a series of questions: 1. How do Senegalese farmers produce the goods needed to feed and care for their family? 2. How are Senegalese farmers organized around issues of rural life? 3. What is the influence of the world market of agricultural products and its rules established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the availability of and access to food? How do imported goods compete with food products that can be produced locally? We have devoted the first part of our study to the production process and its evolution. Apart from weather conditions, effective control by farmers of means of production and land tenure, largely determines the volumes of agricultural and food products as well as their access. The second part analyzes the emergence and evolution of modes of peasant organization and discusses their influence on the satisfaction of food needs and directions of public policy in agriculture. Finally, in the third part, we have tried to measure the impact of international trade rules on local production of agricultural goods and foodstuffs. This work has enabled us to draw some conclusions. The majority of farmers in Senegal can no longer produce the amount of basic foods needed to feed and support their families. The means of production have changed relatively little in recent decades, although animal traction and the introduction of new materials have greatly improved the conditions of production and reduced drudgery. The production tool has deteriorated. It is old and what is left survives only thanks to the ability of rural blacksmiths. Traditional knowledge and knowledge of weather condition the choice of crops grown and acreage devoted to them when they are available. Research in agriculture has yielded certified seed varieties adapted to soil and climatic conditions. But it remains ineffective in that the means for concretely applying its results are absent and the peasants have no control over it. The question of land remains subject to trial and error due to its complexity, traditional beliefs and practices in this area do not yet seem ready to give way to modern rules, or if necessary, adapt to them. More and more severe conditions felt primarily in the food sector have highlighted the capacity of the peasantry to adapt. For each new situation causing additional problems, novel solutions are devised and implemented by farmers, enabling them to adapt in an unexpected manner. Farmers' ability to take charge of their own concerns were highlighted by the emergence of organizations, groups, associations and unions throughout the rural areas of Senegal. As far as international trade in agricultural products is concerned, the weakness of the Common External Tariff (CET) of ECOWAS has resulted in increased volumes of imports of goods that can be produced locally. WTO rules, based on an ultra-liberal conception of the market, are more detrimental to West African agricultural and food products. By strengthening their human resources through legislation, more vulnerable countries such as Senegal, can, however, exploit the clauses that allow them to better protect local production. More globally, unless agriculture is removed from WTO agreements, it is possible to claim with ECOWAS, the implementation of another agreement on agriculture that would redefine dumping so as to protect the most vulnerable countries
Nlend, Berthe prudence. "Dynamiques paysannes, construction sociale du genre et gestion des ressources agricoles en pays Bamoun (Ouest-Cameroun)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30018.
Full textThe socio-economic dynamics determine gender relations and the allocation of productive resources. In this area, the development of foodstuff and vegetable cultivation has forged a new agricultural context that we want to study in this work. There was a transformation of actors involved, of the spatial changes, of gender relations and the access to resources. This research is to identify the significant dynamics that accompanied this agricultural transition, to show that agricultural reconversion does not occur in the same way for women and men and to review the specificities of their new economic activities. The development of gender asymmetries, of the women activities, equal status and rights between the sexes do not lead to equality of power between men and women and equitable access to productive resources since many aspects of Bamun culture (crop specialization, division of labor) maintains a hierarchy in favor of men and reinforce the superiority of their status, their functions and activities
Carteron, Benoît. "Châtelains et paysans de Saint-Hilaire-de-Loulay : transmission des terres et organisation sociale dans le bocage vendéen (1840-1995)." Paris 10, 1999. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01336939.
Full textImbou-Ngalamou, Annick Judicaëlle. "Les organisations paysannes en République du Congo : émergence et signification des dynamiques organisationnelles dans le secteur agricole en zones péri-urbaines et rurales." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20046/document.
Full textThe emergence of peasant organizations in peri-urban and rural areas in Republic of Congo in particular with Brazzaville and in the Plateau, has a dual logical understanding; peasant farmers view and at the same time, institutional view influenced by external actors, the state, NGOs, bilateral and multilateral cooperation agencies. We see the emergence of new organizational dynamics, which lead to the creation of new spaces and the coming in of social actors who position themselves as intermediaries between financial flows circulating in these environments. These new players are distinguished by their charisma, their skills, their endogenous knowledge of the environment, social affiliation, and their position in the local arena. Elite, young, woman, religious, village elder, etc., they acquire legitimacy in their communities, become real brokers controlling the communication channels between donors and farmers. Whether self imposed or promoted, these new actors play a central role in the arena of possibilities. Whatever their origin, these dynamics do not wipe out the cleavages that have existed and still appear in new forms, the cause of conflicts between actors. In addition, development aid enjoyed by farmers and their associations is certainly not neutral. It conveys the ideology of donors, and influences the behavior of farmers to cope with the requirements of support structures and may result in different degrees of loss of their autonomy
Pace, Benoit. "Organisation et usages des espaces en Aquitaine méridionale durant la période romaine (Ier s. a.C. - Ve s. p.C.)." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1087.
Full textIs research had been defined as an interrogation about the way that mountain spaces, piedmont and plain of southem aquitaine were structured,lay out and used during roman period between end of 1st Century BC and the first hait of 5th entury AD. Positioned at the intersection between Arohaeology and Geomalics (statistical analysis of data, spatial modelling, development and use of GIS) this thesis is based on a diachronie collective research project between the Garonne nd Ebro rivera (POEM - project financed by the Pau and Pyrenees Agglomeration Community (C.DA.P.P.),under the direction of Fr. Réchin).The core of this thesis is the analysis of ancientsetuementsystems and dynamics between the Garonne and the Pyranees.lt s based on the elaboration of an original conceptual data model (CDM)allowing to circumscribe the main factors composing is system and thus takes into account a set of complementary data including all the layers of habitats (urban and rural) vailable; the main artisanal activities;the communication networks as well as the forms of the sacred (religious andfunerary).The problematie developed inthis thesis therefore relate as much to the distribution of settlements as to their setllement trategy induced by their relationship with the environment (hydrographie,topographie,pedological,etc.),or to their creation nd abandonmentdynamics,their functional characterization and their formation into a coherent settlement network in the long term
Rodríguez, Jiménez Nadia Margarita Maria. "Les organisations paysannes, leurs relations et leur rôle dans la participation au développement rural : le cas de la région Huetar Norte au Costa Rica." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010690.
Full textToure, Khady. "L'appropriation des stratégies d'information par les organisations paysannes du bassin arachidier sénégalais dans la vulgarisation phytosanitaire : médiations du professionnel de l'information et de la documentation." Grenoble 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE39026.
Full textCassar, Stéphanie. "Organisation sptatiale de la variabilité génétique et phénotypique à l'échelle du paysage : le cas du chamois et du chevreuil, en milieu de montagne." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10341.
Full textNatural populations are spatially heterogeneous, structured at different scales and ecological traits, such as demographic or genetic component. Many factors can be involved in the spatial substructure of populations: intrinsic factors like intraspecific competition but also environmental factors, such as landscape barriers. Firstly, we studied the spatial organisation of genetic variability in two ungulates, Roe deer and Chamois, in order to identify the spatial scale at which populations are substructured and the ecological factors involved in these spatial patterns. Our results suggest that populations of roe deer and chamois are spatially subdivided and constituted of several sub-units. Our findings indicate the presence of constraints acting on individual movements and gene flow. Landscape fragmentation, habitat heterogeneity and social organisation seem to be the main factors involved in these spatial patterns. Coupled to genetic analyses, the spatial distribution of roe deer body mass in correlation with landscape variables has been investigated. Our results reveal a high spatial heterogeneity of individual body mass, due to pronounced spatial habitat variability in the Bauges massif. Our study highlights first the importance of detecting genetic spatial pattern of populations and the scale at which they are spatially substructured and second the necessity of determining which factors can influence these patterns, especially in wildlife management
Hatziapostolou, Marie. "Structuration du dessin, organisation et représentation graphique de l'espace chez l'enfant de 6-10 ans contribution à une méthode d'analyse du dessin de paysage /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612104q.
Full textHatziapostolou, Marie. "Structuration du dessin, organisation et représentation graphique de l'espace chez l'enfant de 6 - 10 ans : contribution à une méthode d'analyse du dessin de paysage." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN1038.
Full textPierret, Pascal. "Activité agricole, organisation de l'espace rural et production de paysage : une démarche de modélisation multi-échelle testée dans le département de la Haute-Marne." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOL033.
Full textFranquemagne, Gaël. "Les mobilisations socio-territoriales : le Larzac, une cause en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432864.
Full textDi, Pietro Francesca. "Durabilité et organisation du paysage. Application des concepts de l'écologie systémique au diagnostic de la gestion pastorale du territoire des vallées des Pyrénées Centrales (France)." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30138.
Full textMelenotte, Sabrina. "Caciquismes, résistances, violences : les pedranos et l’État mexicain dans le Chiapas postrévolutionnaire." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0617.
Full textBased on a rich corpus study, this thesis explores the power relations and the many dominations that stir the political life of the municipality of San Pedro Chenalho in the area of the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. At the crossroads of analysis borrowed from the sociology of social movements, political anthropology of the State and NGOs and micro-history, the study treefold analysis genesis and transformation of the Mexican state in the region through portraits of local political and religious leaders. The political and economic crisis in Chiapas in the 1990s has been expressed in Chenalho by a double phenomenon of autonomization of justice: the creation of an autonomous municipality in Zapatista Polho in 1996 and the formation of a group self-defense in the ejido of Los Chorros in 1997. The reactivation of former political, religious or family antagonisms led cascading violence throughout 1997. The detailed analysis of assassinations and of the Acteal massacre shows the "art of war" of the pedranos and the sacrificial ritual of the Mexican state to reinstate a profoundly threatened order. The Acteal case and its interpretative controversies and subsequent reconciliation mechanisms, illustrate how the reappropriation of the past act as drivers of new collective actions by political and religious actors who seize post such historical, moral and symbolic ruptures. This thesis thus attempts to capture the constitutive political violence of a modern Mexican Centaur crossed by recurrent seizures
Delhoume, Catherine. "Le Mexique dans un contexte d'ouverture : ruptures et continuités des pratiques sociales paysannes : le cas de deux organisations de producteurs de canne à sucre dans l'état de Veracruz." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010528.
Full textMazagol, Pierre Olivier. "Recherche de variables contribuant à l'organisation d'un paysage de moyenne montagne : le cas des Hautes Chaumes du Forez." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351560.
Full textMorschel, Jean. "L'eau et les paysages dans la Dorsale Tunisienne : expliquer le cheminement des flux hydriques en fonction des organisations présentes dans le milieu naturel." Nice, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532885.
Full textSeveral hydrological models are currently in use for predicting floods at the catchment outlet. These vary from lumped rainfall-runoff models which ignore flow processes in the catchment to distributed process-based models which attempt to quantify lateral and vertical fluxes. Few of these models integrate extensive field work and most are based almost entirely on readily available digital data. However flow processes are strongly affected by linear features (paths, roads, hedges. . . ) which are not easily detectable on most digital supports and by factors such as surface roughness or soil depth for which there is often no real data. In the approach described in this Thesis, the catchment was subdivided into landscape segments based on field mapping. These units represent homogeneous morpho-dynamic units that govern vertical and lateral fluxes of water and soil. The Thesis describes the method used for creating the units and landscape segments which will be used for quantifying both runoff and soil erosion
Le, Garignon Christophe. "Activités pastorales et paysages agraires méditerranéens : méthodologie d'étude des liens entre facteurs humains et organisation de l'espace dans une petite vallée de la Corse : le Curtinese." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100171.
Full textThis work aims for making light on the matter of relationships between agriculture and agrarian landscapes particularly Mediterranean and pastoral ones. This issue is more and more current in a background of redefinition of agriculture functions. So we built a transdisciplinary methodology, choosing on agro-geographical approach. We have supposed that pastoral activity and spatial organisation of land proper~, and cadastre are explanation factors. From an encased level hierarchical analysis of the spatial objects of agrarian' landscape, ground organisation and of the organisational objects of agriculture, we have proposed transversal concepts, connecting the watched object, landscape, and human factors. We have identified four hierarchical levels and three transversal concepts by level, whose relevance has been tested. We have chosen to work in a county of inner Corsica, Curtinese (Corti). Information has been collected by mean of aerial photograph analysis, investigation and follow up of shepherds ground inquiry. Connections appear at three levels. At the elementary level, we notice a ground recombining in order to build field paving, whose appearance depends on their technical itinerary, and fossilisation of parcel borders in the form of hedge. At second level, establish a reorganisation of land estates into pastoral territories according to technical logic, with a Von Thünen organisation of them which explains landscape modules. Cadastre modules explain morphological appearance of landscape modules. At third level, settlement nucleus and their successive extensions explain glade structure and distribution, where appear ground weft. Our results show great resemblance with other works dealing with pastoral Mediterranean landscapes and with milking goat systems of these countries. Therefore, our approach brings some inventive elements about ground and cadastre part in agrarian landscape morphology, I distinction between organisation levels, and technical factors integration. Limits of this work. I draw lines for future researches in matter of agrarian history and rural sociology
Morschel, Jean. "L'EAU ET LES PAYSAGES DANS LA DORSALE TUNISIENNE Expliquer le cheminement des flux hydriques en fonction des organisations présentes dans le milieu naturel." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532885.
Full textBadan, Xavier. "l'élevage montagnard face au paysage patrimonial : organisation et réseaux d'acteurs autour de la construction d'une nouvelle représentation collective : l’exemple des sites « Causses et Cévennes » et « Chaîne des Puys – Faille De Limagne »." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL008/document.
Full textWhat is a landscape heritage? It is a new look by actors on a landscape wichi, according to Levy & Lussault (2003) “is supposed to deserve a transfer from past to find a value in present”. It is “a collection of attributes, representations, practices fixed on a non-contemporary object […] whose present importance is declared collectively, intrinsic (how this objet is representative of history of society’s objects) and extrinsic (how this object contains the values of a collective memory), which requires its conservation and its transmission.In order to define the heritage properties of landscape, people organize themselves into groups and try to communicate with each other’s. Each constructs a representation of the landscape around specific attributes that are of interest to the group. All these representations are different and yet they concern a single landscape. When it comes to carrying out an action that will have an effect on this common space, the groups interact with each other within a “collective network”. The action may be the subject of negotiations, tensions, conflicts, agreement or abandonment depending on the position of each person. However, whether the action was carried out or abandoned, the actors have exchanged their views on the landscape throughout the collective network. Therefore, as actions are progressively carried out on patrimonial landscape, groups of people construct a common view of this landscape: it is the “collective representation of the landscape”.Unlike a material object, the landscape is difficult to quantify. The acquisition for the latter of a heritage value therefore requires a complex process called “patrimonialization process”. For the groups of people present in the landscape, this process is not insignificant. It disrupts the collective representation of the landscape that has been built in the collective network. In the resulting social disorder, the groups will struggle to assert their representation of the landscape in a new collective representation. In this context, our thesis poses the following problem: Considering a territory undergoing a transformation of the look towards a heritage context, to what extent do agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders build a new collective representation focused on keeping livestock, use of space and landscape management?To address this problem, we have mobilized the networks of agricultural and non-agricultural actors existing at two sites in the Massif Central that are registered or in search of inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage (“Les Causses et les Cévennes” and “La Chaîne des Puys - faille de Limagne”). After a brief description of the two sites, we have explained our positioning as regards the collective rather than the individual aspect in the construction of a representation of the landscape and around the organization and management of the landscape. We have then constructed a methodology that is inspired by this theoretical contribution. Thanks to it, we managed to conduct a hundred interviews which enabled us to identify and analyze on the sites the two networks in which the collective actors are organizing to integrate this new heritage stake in their representation of the landscape. This network organization materializes around a series of actions aimed to the management of the heritage, as well as support for livestock rising and the enhancement of agricultural production. Thus, we note that the process of patrimonialization contributes indirectly, by influencing the collective representation of agricultural space, to the evolution of agricultural practices which are themselves responsible for the construction of space
Lizée, Marie-Hélène. "Diversité, organisation spatiale et fonctionnelle des communautés de papillons (lépidoptères, rhopalocères) en milieu urbain et périurbain : Rôle des espaces artificialisés en terme de conservation et de connectivité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10153.
Full textGiven the wide range of issues (economic, social and environmental) that are concerned by natural environments under the impact of human development, it is a matter of urgency to understand the factors that determine their functioning. Even if they do not constitute priority areas for the conservation for rare and endangered species, urban areas are by no means devoid of biodiversity. This biodiversity and the ecological processes involved remain poorly known.The approach here is to use the communities of Rhopaloceres (butterflies) as a framework for reading the urban and outlying suburban landscapes. On the basis of a study of butterfly communities (and secondarily those of birds) in the PACA (Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur) region, the main aim of this study is to provide evidence of the patterns of organisation of these communities in order to understand the factors that control the assemblages of species in the urban and outlying suburban environment.Focused on the Mediterranean area, which constitutes an original site from the biogerographical point of view, this investigation has focused on two study sites in order to offer two different expressions of the process of urban development affecting the territory of Provence: (i) the village of Lauris (84), characteristic of a Mediterranean hinterland ‘in the process of metropolisation’; and (ii) the Marseille conurbation (13), the 2nd most populous city in France.On the basis of an analysis of the assemblages of species of four habitats (fallow land, private gardens, vineyards, forests), the investigations carried out in Lauris are focused on the response of the communities of Rhopaloceres in the face of rapid changes in land use. The results provide evidence of variations in terms of structure and functional composition, underlining the influence both of the landscape context and of the type of habitat on the organisation of these communities. This study also highlights the interest of the garden compartment as a reservoir of biodiversity.Then, the investigation has focused on the question of the biodiversity accommodated in the man-made areas of the city. To this end, 24 public parks in the city of Marseille have been studied. It has been possible to show how the functional traits of species (butterflies and birds) can be used to predict their distribution along a gradient of urban development. The various studies carried out on Marseille have also shown the importance of the landscape scale and of the regional spatial dynamic (dispersal and colonisation) with regard to the organisation of assemblages of species. The communities of Rhopaloceres appear to be strongly conditioned by the degree of isolation of parks with regard to the semi-natural massifs, raising the idea of the strengthening of the intra-urban assemblages by a regional pool of species situated around the outskirts. This hypothesis is further supported by the overlapping pattern of distribution of the species (nested subsets) between the parks, where the poorest sites in terms of species composition constitute sub-samples of the richest sites, without this being linked to the existence of a significant species-area relationship. Finally, the study of the development of parks and their management has enabled us to highlight the impact of more local interactions on the organisation of the communities. Nevertheless, the landscape context would appear to strongly condition the plant component in the surroundings, but also in the parks, in particular via the management practices of the municipal departments
Bélières, Jean-François, and El Hadji Adama Touré. "Impact de l'ajustement structurel sur l'agriculture irriguée du delta du Sénegal." Montpellier, ENSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENSA0021.
Full textBarbet, Victorien. "Pluralisme et stabilité des organisations : modéliser la dynamique d'organisations démocratiques où plusieurs dimensions sont discutées : le cas des AMAP de Provence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0626.
Full textThis PhD thesis studies the evolution of organizations under democratic settings through their stability along with other characteristics like their representativeness, their capacity to satisfy their members or to ensure risk sharing agreement between heterogenous agents. Proposed models are agent based models grounded in a study, initiated by Juliette Rouchier in 2004, on short food chains and particularly on "Associations pour le Maintien d'une Agriculture Paysanne" (AMAP), the french equivalent of United States' Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) along with their structuration in AMAP' networks at different geographical levels. This PhD thesis suggests the existence of a tension between stability and representativeness under democratic settings and discusses, in different cases, the effect of several factors on this tension, like the number of topics discussed in the organization, the state of mind of members, the existence of structured communication, or the spatial repartition of members. In a second part, this Phd thesis deals with risk sharing groups between agents heterogenous in terms of risk exposures, as it is the case in AMAP between producers and consumers. It underlines how learning by agents of their risk exposures through times, which is equivalent here to constantly revise their preferences with respect to the characteristics of their organization, can stabilize risk-sharing groups mixing heterogenous agents and how this effect is strengthen by the introduction of other-regarding-preferences, like altruism or inequality aversion
Collard, Blanche. "Effet de l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats sur le contrôle biologique par conservation : étude et modélisation des déplacements de dermaptères dans les bananeraies Spatial organisation of habitats in agricultural plots affects per-capita predator effect on conservation biological control: an individual based modelling study." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0710.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigated whether - and how - the intra-plot spatial patterns of habitats favourable to generalist predators could influence the conservation biological control (CBC) through their foraging behaviour. The general approach of this work is based on a modelling approach guided by experiments on the earwig E. caraibea, a generalist predator in banana fields of Martinique. In an experiment in banana fields, we found that the abundance and activity of earwigs seemed to be influenced by habitat types: banana tree residues appeared to be particularly more favourable to earwigs than bare soil.We developed a spatially explicit and individual-based model (Foragescape) of the foraging movements of an earwig-like predator in a banana field - based on the favourable or unfavourable nature of habitats. We found that the per-capita predator effect was strongly affected by a spatial dilution of predators, induced by favourable habitat addition, but this negative effect could be partially or fully mitigated by their spatial organisation.A key hypothesis of the Foragescape model was found on earwigs in a mesocosm experiment: earwigs movements are slower and more sinuous on residues, a favourable habitat, than on bare soil, an unfavourable habitat. Therefore, the model's predictions on spatial organisation and CBC can to some extent be adapted to the earwigs in banana fields
Gaarde, Ingeborg. "Negotiating a Global Policy Space : la Via Campesina in the Committee on World Food Security." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0008.
Full textThe dominant models in social movement studies expect movements to either disappear or to institutionalise following a pattern that has inevitable endpoints. Such as "taming" (Kaldor, 2003), de-radicalisation, co-optation and elite-formation (Kriesi, 1996; Tilly, 2004; Tarrow, 2008; Walker, 1994; Blumer, 1951). This dissertation argues that La Via Campesina (LVC), the global peasant movement that brings together over 200 million small producers in 80 countries of the word, is building a more sophisticated model of internationalisation. In order to demonstrate this, the dissertation present some of the opportunities and challenges arising from the current engagement of small-scale food producers in the 2009-reformed Committee on World Food Security (CFS) through the International Food Security & Nutrition Civil Society Mechanism (CSM). With empirical data collected both in UN arenas and at global and local meetings of farmers' movements, the dissertation explores the tensions and debates within a movement seeking to build links between struggles initiated at grassroots level and engagement in a global policy arena. The dissertation concludes that if we wish to further explore how global movements seek to build synergies between different forms of political activism today, we need to move beyond dichotomies and towards less deterministic analytical frameworks than those that have largely dominated the literature on national social movements
Baudouin, Guillaume. "Mode de colonisation et dynamique de propagation d'un termite américain à Paris." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4016/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to identify the urban factors and biological characteristics of Reticulitermes flavipes which have allowed this invasive species to colonize and persist in urban habitat. More specifically, the developed studies aimed at better understanding the origin of introduced colonies in Paris as well as determining how they persisted in the Parisian landscape, despite implementing pest control during the last decades. A first study allowed us to observe that Parisian colonies were able to persist and reinfest areas which were previously treated. These reinfestations are possible thanks to the mode of reproduction (neoteny) and the way of dispersal (by budding) of this species, which allows it to locally survive and recolonize areas where colonies had been partially eradicated, even fifteen years later. In a second study, we were able to highlight two main factors which could explain the distribution and propagation of R. flavipes in Paris: the observed complex colony structure and the specific combination of the Parisian environmental variables. Finally, in a third study, we were able to identify its dynamic of expansion at national and regional scales which showed varied distribution patterns, reflecting the peculiar characteristics of these invasive species populations in France. In this piece of work, we analyzed the implications of the biological and landscape characteristics on the successful invasion of this species. In the view of the data obtained in this thesis, we also suggested some scenarios on the invasion history of this termite species in France and we provided tools and recommendations which, according to us, could allow the improvement of pest management of this insect in cities