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Twumasi, Ampofo Emmanuel. "Job embeddedness and turnover intentions: The moderating role of affectivity traits, career stages and perceptions of organisational politics." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2208.
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The study tested the applicability of job embeddedness (JE) theory in Ghana. It also examined moderating effects of affectivity traits, career stage and perceptions of organisational politics (POP) on the JE–turnover intentions relationship. Analyses revealed that composite JE and its dimensions and sub-dimensions (except community fit) were negatively related to turnover intentions. Affectivity traits, POP and career stages moderated the JE–turnover intentions relationship. The study expands the predictive validity of JE to Ghana and adds to the few moderators that have been identified in previous studies. Strategies for increasing managerial employees’ embeddedness and reducing their turnover are proposed.
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Pressey, Andrew D. "International relationship marketing : an investigation of the stages of industrial inter-organisational relationships development with an examination of the influence of national culture." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/338906.
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The current literature indicates that research concerning the area of industrial interorganisational relationships (lORs) and relationship marketing (RM) in an international context is growing in size as well as importance, and is regarded by many as constituting a paradigmatic shift in contemporary marketing thought. The study of lORs, however, has suffered from empirical neglect, particularly in an international context. The extant literature is unclear concerning the development process of relationships. In particular, the antecedents of commitment in affectively committed relationships (positive attachment) and calculatively committed relationships (negative attachment) and their performance outcomes, the causes of dissolution in previously committed relationships and the impact national culture has on the process when it traverses national borders is not well understood. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to investigate the stages of the development process of international lORs, and to determine the level of influence national culture exerted on this process. Two stages of empirical research using a mixed methodology were conducted. The first stage of fieldwork -an exploratory case study approach -used seven in-depth interviews with UK. import/export executives in charge of relationship development within their respective companies. The first stage of fieldwork was used to examine the stages of international lOR development and the influence national culture exerts on it in order to develop a set of hypotheses for subsequent testing. Stage two -a mail survey approach was mailed to 3000 UK import/export executives and used data from 322 questionnaires to test a set of hypotheses developed from the first stage of fieldwork. The study had significant findings in three key areas. Firstly, the research identified that the antecedents of commitment in affectively and caculatively committed relationships differed significantly and furthermore, relationships based on affective commitment enjoyed relatively greater levels of performance outcomes in comparison to relationships based on calculative commitment. Secondly, the study identified the causes of dissolution in previously committed relationships in four categories: buyer factors, supplier factors, competitor factors, and environmental factors. The findings also indicated that relationship dissolution could be classified in three ways: full exit, partial exit and temporary exit, and that dissolution was influenced by the motive for commitment prior to dissolution. The period of time spent in dissolving relationships was often found to be lengthy and was influenced by five categories of factors that impede partners' speed of exit. Finally, the study applied the assumptions of Hofstede (1980; 1991) to examine the extent to which national culture affects relationship development when it crosses national borders. The findings revealed little concrete evidence to suggest that national culture has a strong influence on international business relationships. International business relationships were, however, susceptible to factors such as infrastructure barriers and political barriers that were obstacles to foreign market success. The thesis contributes to current knowledge by offering the first empirically supported model of lOR development from pre-formation to dissolution in the extant literature; principally, identifying the antecedents of effective and ineffective relationships and also the stages of dissolution when relationships dissolve. The national culture literature within the domain of Marketing, and in particular, the literature concerning lORs, is advanced by suggesting that Hofstede's (1980; 1991) cross-cultural assumptions may not impact significantly on international lORs in a manner prescribed by Hofstede. In order to achieve the primary research objectives a number of scales were operationalised including scales to measure the influence of national culture on lORs, and aspects of relationship development including a multi-dimensional scale to measure trust. The study offers a number of recommendations for practitioners, and presents a number of future research directions. These are principally, to identify the antecedents of calculative commitment (that are hitherto unknown), and incorporate variables that may legitimately act as antecedents of commitment not examined in this study.
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Muller, Alexander S. "International organizations and their host states : aspects of their legal relationship /." The Hague [u.a.] : Kluwer, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/273326228.pdf.
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Henry, Valda Frederica. "An investigation into the structure and governance of the social security organisations in the member states of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2961/.
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Social security systems have come under attack with claims that they negatively impact savings, capital formation and the labour supply. This, together with the near-bankruptcies of some social security systems have led to a series of reforms, including the privatisation of the system with the assignment of individual accounts to contributors. There have, however, been little efforts in isolating the cause of the failure of the social security systems and in the identification of the factors which may enhance performance. It is this gap, which this study attempts to fill by investigating the relationship between governance, performance and administration of the social security systems by addressing the key question "How do governance factors impact on the performance and administration of social security systems in the Member States of the Organisation Of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)?" The main findings of the study are that autonomy and independence of the social security organisations, accountability, transparency, diversification of the investment portfolio, professional expertise, partnership-building among the stakeholders and involvement or the plan participants at the board level are important in enhancing the performance and administration of the social security organisations. The results of the analysis also suggest that it is important to ensure that the persons chosen to represent the plan participants at the board level are persons of integrity with the requisite qualifications and qualities. This study, it is hoped will inform and lead to a re-examination of the reform debate to include the role of governance in the reform and sustainability of social security organisations worldwide.
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Baguley, John Maurice. "The globalisation of non-governmental organisations : drivers and stages." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406389.
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Fine, Shoshana. "Bordering subjects, souls and states : an enquiry into "bordercratic" practices and rationalities in Turkey." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0004.
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Cette thèse aborde la question de la (re)frontiérisation en Turquie face aux problématique liés à la gouvernance des « indésirables ». Par qui et pour qui est-elle faite, et avec quels effets ? Le positionnement particulier de la Turquie comme étant ni entièrement européenne, ni entièrement non-européenne, a alimenté la problématisation du paysage migratoire en Turquie. Ce positionnement ambivalent est d’une part dû à un regard orientaliste qui encadre la manière dont sont perçus la Turquie et les migrants qui y résident, et d’autre part à cette démarche de séduction et de mise en conformité émenant de l’UE et de sa stratégie d’externalisation. En prenant le cas de la Turquie, nous soutenons que nous devons comprendre la gouvernance de la mobilité comme une affaire de pouvoir diffus, dont sont particulièrement investies les organisations intergouvernementales, mais aussi les organisations que l’on pourrait appeler bordercrats périphériques. Nous proposons les concepts de bordercracies, clans bordercratic transnationaux et objets frontierisés pour comprendre l’autorité épistémique, les connectivités et l’agentivité comprisent dans ce pouvoir diffus. Nous affirmons que les clans bordercratic transnationaux dépendent de rationalités gestionnaire, sécuritaire, humanitaire, et orientaliste, imbriquées dans la gouvernance de mobilité, qui génère une logique de filtrage basé sur la sélection des désirables/indésirables. Nous conclurons que les fonctions performatives des clans bordercratic transnationaux incluent, lorsqu’elles intègrent la Turquie dans le cercle à suivre et excluent, lorqu’elles constituent et maintiennent les « indésirables » loin de l’Occident<br>This doctoral thesis seeks to explore how bordering is performed in Turkey with respect to the governance of the ‘undesirables’, by whom, for whom, and with what effects. This enquiry argues that Turkey’s migration and refugee landscape has been problematised through its particular positionality as neither completely European nor completely non-European. This ambivalent positionality is partly due to the permeation of orientalist ways of seeing Turkey and the migrants and refugees who inhabit this landscape, and partly an effect of the courtship/compliance externalisation strategy of the EU. In taking the Turkey case, I argue that mobility governance has to be understood as a matter of diffuse power that is particularly vested in IGOs, but also in organisations that might be called peripheral bordercrats. I advance the notion of bordercracies, transnational bordercratic tribes and bordered objects to make sense of the workings, epistemic authority, connectivities and the agentic forces of this diffused power. I argue that bordercratic tribes rely on intermingling managerial, security, humanitarian and orientalist rationalities of mobility governance, which generate a filtering logic based on selections of desirable/undesirable. I conclude that the performative functions of transnational bordercratic tribes include as they bring Turkey into an in-group and exclude as they constitute and contain ‘undesirables’ away from the West
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Stokes, Robyn L., and n/a. "Inter-Organisational Relationships for Events Tourism Strategy Making in Australian States and Territories." Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040218.160232.
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This research examines the impact of inter-organisational relationships of public sector events agencies on events tourism strategy making within Australian state/territories. The global expansion of events tourism and sustained interest in networks and relationships as conduits to strategy underpin this topic. Although public sector institutional arrangements exist in many countries including Australia to develop events tourism, there is no known empirical research of inter-organisational relationships for strategy making in this domain. Against this background, the research problem of the thesis is: How and why do inter-organisational relationships of public sector events agencies impact upon events tourism strategy making within Australian states and territories? Based on a review of themes and issues within the two parent theories of tourism strategy and inter-organisational relationships, a theoretical framework and four research issues are developed. These issues are: RI 1: How does the public sector institutional environment impact upon events tourism strategies and the inter-organisational relationships that shape them, and why? RI 2: How do events tourism strategy forms and processes reflect and influence events agencies' inter-organisational relationships, and why? RI 3: What are the forms and characteristics of events agencies' inter- organisational relationships for shaping events tourism strategies, and why? RI 4: What are the incentives and disincentives for events agencies to engage in inter-organisational relationships for events tourism strategy making, and why? Because this research explores a new field within events tourism, it adopts a realism paradigm to uncover the 'realities' of events agencies' inter-organisational relationships and strategies. Two qualitative methodologies are adopted: the convergent interview technique (Carson, Gilmore, Perry, and Gronhaug 2001b; Dick 1990) and multiple case research (Perry 1998, 2001; Yin 1994). The convergent interviews serve to explore and refine the theoretical framework and the four research issues investigated in the multiple case research. These cases are represented by the inter-organisational relationships of events agencies in six Australian states/territories. Findings about the public sector institutional environment (research issue 1) show that events tourism strategies are influenced by different public sector policies and influences, the organisational arrangements for events tourism, the roles of events agencies and the lifecycle phase of events tourism in each state/territory. In relation to events tourism strategy forms (research issue 2), reactive/proactive strategies that respond to or address arising events or opportunities are common with a limited application of formal planning strategies. However, events agencies' strategy processes do reflect a range of strategic activities of importance. Inter-organisational relationships of events agencies (research issue 3) are typified by informal, government-led networks that influence, rather than develop, events tourism strategies. Finally, the importance of a number of incentives and disincentives for agencies to engage in inter-organisational relationships for events tourism strategy making is established. The final conceptual model depicts the themes within all four research issues and links between them to address the research problem. The conclusions of this research make a major contribution to events tourism theory and build upon theories in tourism strategy and inter-organisational relationships. Further research opportunities are presented by these conclusions and the conceptual model which may be explored using other methodologies or alternative research contexts. Practical implications of the research for policy makers and agency executives relate to policy-strategy linkages, public sector organisational arrangements for events tourism, strategy forms and processes and frameworks to engage stakeholders in inter-organisational relationships for strategy making. Knowledge of incentives and disincentives for these inter-organisational relationships also provides a platform for events agencies to reflect upon and revise their modes of governance for events tourism strategy making.
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Ucko, David. "Transforming the United States military for stability operations : an assessment of organisational change." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.748535.
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Stokes, Robyn L. "Inter-Organisational Relationships for Events Tourism Strategy Making in Australian States and Territories." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367441.
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This research examines the impact of inter-organisational relationships of public sector events agencies on events tourism strategy making within Australian state/territories. The global expansion of events tourism and sustained interest in networks and relationships as conduits to strategy underpin this topic. Although public sector institutional arrangements exist in many countries including Australia to develop events tourism, there is no known empirical research of inter-organisational relationships for strategy making in this domain. Against this background, the research problem of the thesis is: How and why do inter-organisational relationships of public sector events agencies impact upon events tourism strategy making within Australian states and territories? Based on a review of themes and issues within the two parent theories of tourism strategy and inter-organisational relationships, a theoretical framework and four research issues are developed. These issues are: RI 1: How does the public sector institutional environment impact upon events tourism strategies and the inter-organisational relationships that shape them, and why? RI 2: How do events tourism strategy forms and processes reflect and influence events agencies' inter-organisational relationships, and why? RI 3: What are the forms and characteristics of events agencies' inter- organisational relationships for shaping events tourism strategies, and why? RI 4: What are the incentives and disincentives for events agencies to engage in inter-organisational relationships for events tourism strategy making, and why? Because this research explores a new field within events tourism, it adopts a realism paradigm to uncover the 'realities' of events agencies' inter-organisational relationships and strategies. Two qualitative methodologies are adopted: the convergent interview technique (Carson, Gilmore, Perry, and Gronhaug 2001b; Dick 1990) and multiple case research (Perry 1998, 2001; Yin 1994). The convergent interviews serve to explore and refine the theoretical framework and the four research issues investigated in the multiple case research. These cases are represented by the inter-organisational relationships of events agencies in six Australian states/territories. Findings about the public sector institutional environment (research issue 1) show that events tourism strategies are influenced by different public sector policies and influences, the organisational arrangements for events tourism, the roles of events agencies and the lifecycle phase of events tourism in each state/territory. In relation to events tourism strategy forms (research issue 2), reactive/proactive strategies that respond to or address arising events or opportunities are common with a limited application of formal planning strategies. However, events agencies' strategy processes do reflect a range of strategic activities of importance. Inter-organisational relationships of events agencies (research issue 3) are typified by informal, government-led networks that influence, rather than develop, events tourism strategies. Finally, the importance of a number of incentives and disincentives for agencies to engage in inter-organisational relationships for events tourism strategy making is established. The final conceptual model depicts the themes within all four research issues and links between them to address the research problem. The conclusions of this research make a major contribution to events tourism theory and build upon theories in tourism strategy and inter-organisational relationships. Further research opportunities are presented by these conclusions and the conceptual model which may be explored using other methodologies or alternative research contexts. Practical implications of the research for policy makers and agency executives relate to policy-strategy linkages, public sector organisational arrangements for events tourism, strategy forms and processes and frameworks to engage stakeholders in inter-organisational relationships for strategy making. Knowledge of incentives and disincentives for these inter-organisational relationships also provides a platform for events agencies to reflect upon and revise their modes of governance for events tourism strategy making.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Tourism and Hotel Management<br>Full Text
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Peart, D. P. "Political organisation in the United States during the early 1820s." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1306798/.
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This dissertation challenges recent grand syntheses which talk unhesitatingly of ‘the rise of American Democracy’ or ‘the democratization of American life’ during the early nineteenth century, and place political parties at the forefront of this narrative. In the Introduction, newly-available data on election turnout is employed to demonstrate an inverse relationship between the strength of parties and popular participation at the polls during the early 1820s. Chapter One then examines Federalist-Republican competition, and popular resistance to that framework, in Boston, Massachusetts, in order to show that far from naturally promoting democratisation, parties can serve to sustain the dominance of a small political elite. Chapter Two turns to Illinois where the inhabitants, locked in a struggle over whether to legalise slavery in their state, rejected parties in favour of alternative political arrangements that they considered better suited to their bid to define and implement the will of the people. Chapter Three questions the common assumptions that parties, elections, and policy-making were closely linked during this period, and suggests that political historians should pay more attention to alternative forms of participation such as petitioning, instructing, and lobbying. Finally, Chapter Four uses the presidential election of 1824 as a lens through which to explore the motives of those contemporaries who did argue in favour of party development, in order to demonstrate that a commitment to democracy was the least of their priorities. Taken as a whole, this dissertation argues that the rise of political parties was by no means inevitable in the early 1820s, and that their dominance of United States politics in later decades had important costs, as well as benefits, for popular participation.
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Seifert, Claudia, and n/a. "The genesis of organisational crisis : a theory-building approach." University of Otago. Department of Management, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070608.100146.
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The aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the causes of organisational crisis. As crisis genesis research is still in its infancy, the main objective is to develop a theoretical framework that is well-grounded in data of crisis-causal processes.
The first part of the literature review examines the need for crisis-causal research and comes to the following conclusions: Crises are significant phenomena for organisations. During crises, a company�s survival is threatened and its central functions are deeply affected. Although interest in crisis research developed strongly over the last decade, the field is still in a pre-paradigmatic stage that requires an inductive logic of inquiry. In addition, the majority of research in this field is focused on the consequences of crises. This preponderance towards crisis consequences leaves crisis-causal research under-theorised. Hence, theory-building on the genesis of organisational crisis represents an important gap that needs to be addressed.
The second part of the literature review presents the small field of extant causal research on crises as well as on crisis-related phenomena such as disasters. Insights of these studies are used to pre-specify potentially relevant constructs as well as to develop methodological implications for the subsequent theory-building task.
In this thesis a case study methodology is employed. Four cases of crisis-causal processes in large U.S. public companies were examined in-depth. Firstly, a within-case analysis was conducted. Secondly, the results of each case were compared in an across-case analysis. For both analyses, four analytical strategies were employed, namely a quantification strategy, a narrative strategy, a visual mapping strategy and, most importantly, a grounded theory strategy.
The results of the analysis are five well-grounded constructs that aim to explain the crisis-causal process common across cases. These constructs are the building blocks for two theoretical frameworks developed in this thesis. While the first framework presents a simple graphic depiction of these constructs, the second framework demonstrates how these constructs are linked. In general, the results suggest that a crisis is caused by a combination of company-specific factors and underlying dynamics that evolve through three distinct phases in an exponential fashion: a phase of stability (pre-crisis stage), a phase of increasing instability (crisis onset) and a phase of resolution (crisis and its aftermath). By setting up positive feedback loops that continually magnify the severity of problems generated by events, a self-reinforcing vicious cycle is established that increases the onset of crisis at an exponentional rate.
The results suggest that a crisis unfolds due to a problem structure which becomes increasingly intractable. This is accompanied by an increasing number of events that the organisation needs to deal with as it approaches the crisis point. In addition, three underlying dynamics were identified as crisis-contributing factors: a process of increasing denial, a process of decreasing degrees of freedom and a process of decreasing support of key players.
The thesis closes with a summary and discussion of the results. It is illustrated to what extent the theory developed in this work links to concurring and conflicting findings of the extant body of crisis knowledge.
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Boodhoo, Beebee Adiilah Ibrahim. "Evaluator characteristics and programme evaluability decisions: an exploratory study of evaluation practice in South Africa, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25260.
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Responding to recent calls in the literature for cross-country comparisons of evaluation practice, this simulation study investigated (a) evaluators' perspectives on what determines a programme's evaluability, (b) what criteria evaluators prioritise when assessing a programme's evaluability, and (c) the degree to which practice context (developing, developed, or both) and self-reported levels of evaluation experience predict programme evaluability decisions. Valid responses from evaluators practising in the United States of America (n = 94), the United Kingdom (n = 30), Brazil (n = 91) and South Africa (n = 45) were analysed. Q factor analyses using data collected via a Q Sort task revealed four empirically distinct evaluability perspectives. The dominant perspectives were labelled as theory-driven and utilisation-focused. Correspondence analyses demonstrated that participants used different criteria to assess the evaluability of three fictitious evaluation scenarios. Multinomial regression analyses confirmed that practice context and level of experience did not predict the type of evaluability criterion prioritised in any of the scenarios. Evaluators practising in developed countries were more likely to characterise a programme with robust structural features, unfavourable stakeholder characteristics, and unfavourable logistical conditions as evaluable with high difficulty than as evaluable with medium difficulty. Evaluators with limited experience were more likely than unlikely to embark on an evaluation of such a programme. This study represents the first empirical investigation of how evaluators from selected developed and developing countries assess programme evaluability.
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Salimova, Lola K. "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Central Asian states." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1449195.
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Al, Ghorayed Basheer Muhammad A. "The Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-91 : an organisation of Arab Gulf states." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393535.
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Malinauskienė, Eglė. "Assessment of Dynamic Organisational Capabilities for Interoperability in Context of Different E-government Development Stage." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101108_125923-55450.
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Diverse public sector organisations are engaged in the contemporary e-government projects, so the significance of new organisational capability for e-government interoperability is increasing. The risks of these projects implementation could be effectively mitigated through the assessment of e-government interoperability, thereto researchers are searching for the relevant tools, and there are already some results of a practical value in leading e-government countries. This work addresses the research problem, how these leading methods applied for the assessment of e-government interoperability can be adopted in the context of countries in earlier stage of e-government development. Based on the analysis of theory on contemporary e-government development models and management methods, an integrated framework for the process of a joined-up government development, and the research instrument for the assessment of perception, significance, and level of practice of dynamic organisational capabilities for e-government interoperability in a particular country were proposed. They were applied in the empirical research that resulted into the modified version of the toolkit for the assessment of e-government interoperability offered by the USA researchers, meeting the requirements of current e-government development process in Lithuania. Finally, the recommendations for integration of the modified version of the toolkit and the proposed research instrument into Lithuanian e-government... [to full text]<br>Šiuolaikinių e. valdžios projektų įgyvendinimas reikalauja skirtingų viešojo sektoriaus institucijų dalyvavimo, todėl vis labiau akcentuojama naujo organizacijos gebėjimo – e. valdžios sąveikumo – svarba. Siekiant sumažinti minėtų projektų įgyvendinimo rizikas, labai svarbu išmokti matuoti e. valdžios sąveikumą, todėl šioje srityje pirmaujančiose valstybėse mokslininkai jau yra pasiekę tam tikrų praktinę naudą teikiančių rezultatų. Darbe nagrinėjama mokslinė problema, kaip e. valdžios sąveikumo vertinimui naudojami priešakiniai metodai galėtų būti adaptuoti ankstyvosiose e. valdžios plėtros stadijose esančiose valstybėse. Atlikus teorinę e. valdžios plėtros modelių ir naudojamų vadybinių instrumentų analizę, pasiūlytas kompleksinis e. valdžios plėtros proceso modelis, paremtas atitinkamais dinaminiais organizacijos sąveikumo gebėjimais ir jų vertinimu, bei sukurtas e. valdžios sąveikumą sudarančių dinaminių gebėjimų suvokimo, svarbos ir praktikos lygį konkrečioje valstybėje leidžiantis įvertinti tyrimo instrumentarijus. Jų pagrindu atliktas empirinis tyrimas, kurio rezultatais remiantis pasiūlyta modifikuota ir esamo Lietuvos e. valdžios plėtros proceso galimybes atitinkanti JAV mokslininkų sukurto e. valdžios sąveikumo vertinimo įrankio versija. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos modifikuotos įrankio versijos ir sukurto tyrimo instrumentarijaus taikymo Lietuvos e. valdžios plėtros procese rekomendacijos, kurių įgyvendinimas įgalintų pereiti nuo dabartinio, į pavienių e. paslaugų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Nydén, Emma, and Lovisa Svensson. "Transatlantic culture-carriers : A qualitative study on Swedish companies' organisational culture change in the United States." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185464.
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All countries have their own national culture, with their own norms, beliefs, attitudes, and values. Every organisation in the world also has their own organisational culture, just like any other social group. Because of the increased globalization throughout the world, more companies are becoming multinational corporations. This means that they go through a market entry process when they enter a foreign market. This can lead to their already established organisational culture being affected by the national culture in the foreign country. The effect of national culture on organisations is a well-researched area. However, the research on how the organisational culture is affected by national culture as an organisation goes through international market entry leaves much to be discovered. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how, and if the organisational culture of Swedish organisations is affected by national culture when they establish themselves on the United States market. It was also investigated how Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture can aid in the explanation of the potential organisational culture change, and if the index scores of the five dimensions for Sweden and the United States correspond to the differences later indicated by our research. The effect of leadership and market entry strategy on the organisational culture was also investigated. The qualitative data collection in this thesis comes from semi-structured interviews with companies who help Swedish companies in their market entry process, managers of Swedish companies who have established themselves on the United States market, and one human resource manager within a Swedish company which has moved to the United States. This data lays the basis for the results of this study, and we identify themes relevant to the purpose and research question of this study. The conclusion of this thesis shows that the organisational culture of all the companies we have interviewed has been influenced by national culture to some extent. The factors which are identified to have had the largest impact on the organisational culture of these companies are market entry strategy, leadership, and the newly found themes; culture-carriers and laws and legislation. It is also concluded how Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions within organisational culture are affected by the national culture. In the conclusion of this thesis, the importance of the cultural knowledge and awareness of the factors which influence organisational culture possessed by managers is emphasised. Practical and theoretical implications are also provided both for organisations and future research.
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Yejoo, Kim. "Can regional organisations socialise states? Comparing human rights diffusion in ASEAN and SADC." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6575.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The deteriorating human rights situations in Myanmar and Zimbabwe have drawn concerns from the international community. Mainly Western states and NGOs have criticised both governments and urged strong action from the regional organisations, namely ASEAN and SADC. However, because of the deeply rooted non-intervention norm in these regions, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, the human rights situation in both states long remained serious. Recently however, ASEAN has taken up a strong stance towards Myanmar. On the contrary, SADC has showed reluctance to respond to the human rights violations in Zimbabwe. The question arises why these two regional organisations have showed different responses? In other words, the ASEAN member states have become relaxed and accepted the new human rights norm, discarding the traditional non-intervention norm, while the SADC member states still stick to the norm of non-intervention.
In order to find answers, the focus in this thesis is on the process of socialisation which means that the actors adopt new norms which are also accepted by society as a whole. Three mechanisms which lead to socialisation, namely strategic calculation, role-playing and normative suasion, are discussed. The conclusion reached is that regional organisation can play a role in inducing the member states to accept the new norm, in the process the regional organisation is also socialised through interaction with other international organisations and actors.
Here, historical background, and particularly the process of gaining independence in SADC heavily influenced the socialisation process in this region. SADC member states‘ liberation struggle against colonialism and apartheid led to the formation of strong bonds among member states that has made it difficult for respective state leaders to criticise each other. Such strong bonds do not exist in Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, member states interact actively with external actors such as the EU and NGOs. Thus they become receptive to human rights norms; in turn, the regional organisation itself has been socialised and has become relaxed enough to discard the non-intervention norm. Also an increasingly large middle class has become interested in the human rights situation in its neighbouring countries. These are the factors which have led to the differing responses from ASEAN and SADC to human rights abuses in their regions.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nadat hulle onafhanklikheid gekry het, het die menseregte situasie in Myanmar en Zimbabwe agteruitgegaan. Die internasionale gemeenskap, meestal Westerse state en nie-regerings organisasies het albei regerings gekritiseer en die streeksorganisasies, naamlik ASEAN en SADC, dringend versoek om streng op te tree. Weens die diep-gewortelde nie-intervensie norm in beide Suidoos-Asië en Suider-Afrika het die menseregte situasie egter lank ernstig gebly. ASEAN het egter meer onlangs sterk standpunt ingeneem teenoor Myanmar. Maar SADC is nog steeds onwillig om te reageer op die menseregte vergrype in Zimbabwe. Die vraag is nou waarom hierdie twee streeksorganisasies so verskillend opgetree het. Die lidstate van ASEAN het ontspanne geraak en die nuwe menseregte norme aanvaar en die tradisionele nie-intervensie norm laat vaar, terwyl SADC lidstate nog hou by die nie-intervensie norm .
In die soek na antwoorde, is die fokus van hierdie tesis op die proses van sosialisering wat beteken dat die akteurs nuwe norme wat deur die internasionale gemeenskap as geheel aanvaar word, aanneem. Die drie meganismes wat lei tot sosialisering, naamlik strategiese berekening, rol-speling en normatiewe oorreding, word bespreek. Die slotsom waartoe gekom word is dat streeksorganisasies ‘n rol kan speel in die oorreding van lidstate om die nuwe norm te aanvaar en dat die streeksorganisasies in die proses deur interaksie met ander internasionale organisasies en akteurs, self gesosialiseer word.
Historiese agtergrond en veral die proses waardeur onafhanklikheid in die lande van Suider-Afrika verkry is, het die sosialisasie proses in die area beïnvloed. SADC lidstate se vryheidstryd teen kolonialisme en apartheid het sterk bande tussen lidstate gesmee en dit moeilik gemaak vir die leiers van die state om mekaar te kritiseer. Daar bestaan nie sulke sterk bande in Suidoos-Asië nie. Verder is daar in Suidoos-Asië aktiewe interaksie met ander organisasies soos die Europese Unie en met nie-regerings organisasies. Dus is hulle meer ontvanklik vir menseregte norms. Op hulle beurt is die streeksorganisasies ook gesosialiseer en het hulle ontspanne genoeg geraak om af te sien van die nie-intervensie norm. Die groeiende middelklas het ook geïnteresseerd geraak in die menseregte situasie in hulle eie en in die buurlande. Dit is die faktore wat gelei het tot die verskillende reaksies van ASEAN en SADC tot die menseregte vergrype in hulle onderskeie streke.
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Kielerstajn, Robert. "Age and work motivation: : The view of older employees'." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-568.
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<p>The study of work motivation has yielded many applicable theories. This thesis investigated how older employees viewed factors that have been linked to the advancement of age and believed to affect work motivation. Three different conceptualisations of age were included in the study; organisational age, chronological age and life stage. By using a qualitative approach, participants were allowed to shed light on this complex area and give their own views on possible age effects. More specifically, changes in needs and values, the effects on goal setting and the development of skills were investigated. Chronologically younger employees placed greater value in their careers and reported that they would continue to work even if they became financially independent. Older employees attributed less importance to their careers and said that they would choose early retirement in order to have more time if they had money to enjoy it.</p>
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SELIVANOVA, Galina. "Monitoring elections in post-Soviet States: diverse paths and similar strategies of pro-democratic movements." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/95083.
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This study is devoted to the in-depth investigation and comparison of election monitoring organisations in post-Soviet states. Election observation has become one of the core activities of civil society throughout the world, while in the post-Soviet region it became an indispensable part of the political process since the early 1990s. Particularly relevance for this task appears to be found in hybrid regimes: on the one hand, there exist grievances related to the quality of elections; on the other hand, political context is more open than in autocracies, allowing for certain activities of civil society. Relying on the versatile social movement and civil society scholarship, this project investigates monitoring organisations in three states that are often labelled hybrid regimes, namely Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Careful investigation of election monitoring organizations suggests that they predominantly rely on transactional activism, emphasising cooperation with different actors rather than contention. In turn, very little is known about how this type of activism develops in the post-Soviet region, which resources and strategies it encompasses and how different contextual factors lead to the devel- opment of transactional activism. Hence, the project contributes to the development of the transactional activism concept by presenting evidence from new case studies. In so doing it focuses on the different paths that the most visible political NGOs take in adopting transactional activism. The study attempts to explain how similar modes of activism developed and which factors or combination of factors have led to the adop- tion of certain strategies. This careful investigation shows how transactional activism is shaped in three countries by the number of external and internal factors, particu- larly, by the political contexts and resources. Furthermore, the interactional approach adopted in this study considers outcomes of the election monitoring as conditions for the further development of the monitoring organisations. This project relies on the activists’ own understanding of these contextual factors and limitations in resource; it voices activists’ views on strategies and discusses their motivations behind certain strategic choices. Methodologically, the study predominantly relies on a qualitative research design in which three case studies are complemented by the comparative investigation. The project draws its conclusions from a variety of data sources and presents rich empirical evidence on the internal development of organisations that have not yet been investigated. The study concludes that, while internal features of election monitoring NGOs closely resemble each other, differences in external political context account for the diverse paths of transactional activism development. In general, this project contributes to a further expansion of our knowledge of post-Soviet civil society.
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Trasciani, Giorgia. "The relationship between public authorities & third sector organisations in changing welfare states : the case of asylum reception services in France and in Italy." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200630_TRASCIANI_837vt58uqiido899ltvzya60yzenx_TH.pdf.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser l'évolution des Organisations du Tiers Secteur (OTS) impliqués dans l’offre de un service social, en particulier, l’accueil de demandeurs d’asile. Cette étude se focalise sur la transformation marchand du secteur, la corporatization des structures; et la professionnalisation de ses acteurs. Afin de comprendre ces dynamiques, j'ai formulé la suivante demande de recherche: "sous de fortes pressions institutionnelles, comment les OTS impliqués dans l’offre de services d'accueil des demandeurs d'asile, sont-elles capables de maintenir leur identité organisationnelle, tout en continuant à se distinguer des autres formes d’organisation?”En ordre de répondre à cette question, j'ai appliqué une analyse à plusieurs niveaux (multi-level analysis) et processuelle, basée sur une perspective institutionnelle. Alors que le niveau macro est analysé à travers une approche économique - New Institutional Economics (North, 1991, Williamson 2000), les niveaux méso et micro sont abordés dans une perspective organisationnelle. D’ un point de vue méthodologique, l’ analyse multi-niveaux et processuelle est poursuivie en utilisant une approche de méthodes mixtes. Alors que l’imposition de la concurrence par moyen des marchés publiques et appel à projets est justifiée comme étant capable de permettre d’améliorer l’efficacité du marché, mais ce que on a pu observer par moyen de cette étude c’est que ces mécanismes ouvrent surtout le marché à des entreprises commerciales avec le risque de provoquer une perte du lien relationnel, et la disparition du tissu associatif<br>The aim of this research is to analyse the business- like evolution of third Sector Organisations (TSOs) My case Study is based on the migration reception system and is a comparison between the Italian and the French case. The sector is particularly interesting, because we can observe a very rapid change, at the institutional, governance and organisational level. The very rapid legislative evolution on migration policies, at national as well as European level, the definition of a quasi-market through the implementation of specific funding instruments with a consequent change in number and kind of actors, are three of the main aspects characterising the evolution of the sector in the last 30 years.In order to understand these dynamics I formulated the following Research Question: “under strong institutional pressures, how are TSOs dealing with asylum seekers reception services, able to maintain their organisational identities, continuing to distinguish themselves from other organisational forms?”Concerning the Analytical framework adopted to study the business like evolution, I applied a multilevel and processual analysis based on an institutional perspective. While the macro level will be analysed through a new institutional economic lens, the meso and micro levels will be tackled through an organisational perspective. Finally, this multilevel and processual analysis will be pursued using a mix methods approach
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Simsek, Galip Engin. "The responsibility of member states for the violation of international obligations by international organisations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490080.
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In this thesis, I analyse the question of the responsibility of member states of international organisations for the violation of international obligations binding their organisation vis-it-vis non-member states either on the basis of general international or in an international agreement concluded by that organisation. For this purpose, I analyse, first of all, the relationship between international organisations and international law, and the conditions of their international responsibility in case of a violation these obligations. Then, I examine the current situation regarding international remedies, which can be invoked by third parties injured by such a violation. The analysis, in this regard, shows us the problems faced by third parties in this process. On the basis of the observations in the fonner chapters, the analysis then turns to the question of the possibility of holding member states of an international organisation responsible for the violation of international obligations by their organisation. In this respect, an examination of the relevant international treaties, international reports, case law and opinion of writers, show that it is generally accepted that states cannot absolve themselves from the consequences of a violation of an international obligation binding them toward non-member states by transferring certain competences to an organisation. Thus, they can be held internationally responsible if their organisation fails to fulfil these obligations in an appropriate manner. As far as the basis of this responsibility is concerned, I argue that the constituent treaty of an international organization is to be construed as a forum of member states, in which they express their intention to deal with certain common interest areas collectively. In other words, member states create common institutions and confer certain autonomy to them for dealing with the relevant areas of common interest, thus providing the organisation with competences in those areas. As a consequence, non-member states deal with member states in those areas via this institutional structure established by the constituent treaty. However, the constituent treaty remains as the basis of the relationship between member states and non-member states, despite the separate international personality of the organisation. Therefore, alth~ugh non-member states have the duty to respect the functioning of this treaty, they can In.voke th~ responsibility of member states secondarily if the organisation fails to fulfil ~ntematronal obligations, binding both the organisation and the member states, effectIvely and properly within the legal order established by the constituent treaty.
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Lewis-Meeks, Patsy. "The integration of the eastern Caribbean through the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385389.
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Lee, Hyun-Jung. "Affective states at work and prosocial organisational behaviour : a case study of health care workers in the NHS." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2638/.
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Affective states at work (or job affect), defined as positive and negative feelings induced by commonplace events or circumstances in the workplace, have recently attracted increasing attention in the field of organisational psychology and behaviour. The main focus of interest in job affect has been in terms of its hypothetical positive behavioural consequences on prosocial organisational behaviour. However, existing conceptualisations of job affect leave much to be desired. Job affect is a mood state, and is conceptually distinct from related concepts such as job satisfaction, affective disposition, and emotions. Based on a sample of over 200 nurses working in a London based NHS Trust, the thesis focused on three main aims: a) to gain a better understanding of the nature of affect at work; b) to test the hypothesised link between job affect and prosocial organisational behaviour; and finally c) to explore the potential antecedents of job affect. To achieve the first aim, the structure of affect was first theoretically and empirically explored. In terms of affect structure, a unipolar Four-Factor Model was proposed for the present study as an alternative to the standard bipolar Two-Factor Model of affect found in the literature. The results of confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the proposed Four-Factor Model. Also, the four unipolar affect measures seemed reasonably independent of one another, and demonstrated high reliability and validity. Building on the unipolar Four-Factor Model, the second aim of the thesis was explored by testing the relationship between prosocial organisational behaviour (PSOB) and job affect conceptualised in unipolar terms. Based on this unipolar conceptualisation, two hypotheses were tested, namely that prosocial organisational behaviour is positively related to both positive and negative job affect. Two forms of PSOB important to the nursing context were proposed as the consequences of job affect: altruistic forms of PSOB and continuous-improvement forms of PSOB. Overall, the results supported the two research hypotheses, and the significant relationships were sustained after controlling for job attitudes in the analyses. Having shown that employees' affective experiences in the workplace are important in terms of PSOBs, the third and final aim was to identify key antecedents which generate particular affective experiences, while also looking at the impact of these antecedents on PSOBs. A series of antecedents, including job-design factors, social factors, and individual dispositional factors were hypothesised as the potential determinants of job affect. The findings broadly supported the hypothesised links, while also showing some of the antecedents to have a direct impact on PSOB. Contributions and major research implications as well as future research directions are discussed at the end.
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Klapper, Rita. "The role of social capital in French entrepreneurial networks at the pre-organisation stage." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1259/.
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This thesis contributes to the extant literature on entrepreneurial networks and social capital through its investigation of the role of social capital in French entrepreneurial networks at the pre-organisation stage. The target of the research are former Grande Ecole graduates, Anciens, who have created their own company. This study adds to the extant literature through its three-dimensional focus on social capital: The structural dimension which investigates who are part of the entrepreneurial networks and at that stage they become influential; the relational side which explores the contributions each tie brings to the entrepreneurial venture and the cognitive dimension, which explains the values the entrepreneurs have, and how these are shared between the entrepreneur and those embedded in the network. A multi-method approach was adopted in line with the objectives of the study consisting of semi-structured interviews, participant observation and repertory grids. In particular the latter is a tool that has to date been underexploited in entrepreneurial network and social capital research. There are a number of significant contributions this research makes to the extant literature on entrepreneurial networks and social capital, one of which is the development of a phases' model for entrepreneurial network dynamics at the preorganisation stage. This study also adds to the existing knowledge by linking Bourdieu & Wacquant's (1992) definition of social capital and the concept of 'habitus' to the three dimensions of social capital. The three-dimensional investigation of social capital contributes to a unique understanding of the interrelatedness of the three dimensions of social capital. The research confirms the key role of Anciens as individuals with whom the entrepreneur shares an educational and a professional habitus, which arguably creates the basis for a 'pensee unique' that impacts the way entrepreneurs create and manage their networks at the pre-organisation stage. The work concludes outlining the implications of the findings for business support and education policies, suggesting a framework for the typical career path of a Grande Ecole entrepreneur.
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Turner, Angeline Biegler. "The WTO, tourism and small states : finding policy space to develop." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3057.
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The WTO, tourism and small states: finding policy space to develop This study examines whether the General Agreement on Services (GATS) provides the necessary policy space for small states to pursue their development agendas. Small states in this study are defined in power terms. But the study also focuses on small states in a property sense--those with few diversification options, making the services sector potentially an important avenue for economic growth and diversification. The study seeks to examine critically the parameters that GATS places on policy-making of small states--whether governments are limited to providing a competitive business environment, or if they retain sufficient policy space to shape the development of a sector. The study also looks at the interplay between international and domestic factors in development of policy. The tourism industries of Oman and Qatar provide case studies to examine these issues. Tourism has the potential to contribute to the economies of small states generally, but debate exists as to whether GATS leaves small states with sufficient space to influence the direction of this sector. The similarities between Oman and Qatar in both power and property terms allow for a comparative examination of whether small states can find meaningful policy space. In addition, their domestic dynamics provide insight into the interplay between domestic and international pressures on policy choices. The experiences of Oman and Qatar suggest that there remains some policy space for states to develop their tourism industries in a manner compatible with local aspirations. Governments thus have some scope to direct the shape of the tourism sector beyond merely providing a competitive business environment. But policy direction is influenced by capacity, past experiences and existing norms, and these differences can result in varying outcomes. Additionally, small states must decide their priorities in on-going WTO negotiations in order to maintain existing policy space.
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Fishburn, Isla Sian. "Patterns of investment in biodiversity conservation across the United States by the non-governmental organisation sector." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669222.
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Karltun, Johan. "On Stage : Acting for development of businesses and ergonomics in woodworking SMEs." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9894.
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Yang, Victor. "Unleashing power : pathways to inclusion and representation in U.S. AIDS activist organisations : a comparative case study of political representation in the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b51086e-cd00-4d92-b39a-2865219ea5a1.
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The thesis proposes a theory for the development of substantive representation among social movement organisations (SMOs). Substantive representation (SR) is the extent to which political institutions advance the policy interests of their constituents, in particular the most disenfranchised. Despite their noble proclamations, institutions of representative democracy often fail to advance the interests of groups who have been ignored and absent at the proverbial table. The thesis establishes a causal process to explain the divergence in SR outcomes among informal SMOs, or all-volunteer groups that disavow formal hierarchy in favour of egalitarian modes of decision-making. It utilises a case study of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), an umbrella organisation dedicated to ending the HIV/AIDS crisis in the United States and worldwide. It explains an anomalous story of SR attainment through the ACT UP Philadelphia chapter, compared to sister groups in New York City and Boston. The analysis draws from 92 semi-structured interviews, 13 months of participant observation, periodical review, and archival databases. ACT UP Philadelphia translated common SMO intentions of inclusivity into the uncommon rituals of practice. It forged a deliberate pipeline to invest not only in the presence but also the power of disenfranchised people with HIV, people too dark and poor to interest counterpart groups in other cities. Through an analytic retelling of ACT UP's history, the thesis argues that the fulfilment of SR depends on the ability of SMOs to appeal to member self-interest. Critically, SMOs can offer material incentives and nurture feelings of debt and obligation: causal steps to recruitment and sustainability of a heterogeneous membership. In building a crucial if contentious core of dissimilar people and partnerships, SMOs can unleash an oft-unrealised power for collective action and SR, by and for disenfranchised peoples who had thought change to be impossible.
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Hette, Tronquart Nicolas. "Organisation trophique des peuplements piscicoles des cours d'eau : approche par l'analyse des isotopes stables." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0022.
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L'étude des réseaux trophiques est un prérequis à la compréhension du fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Cependant, les déterminants potentiels des réseaux trophiques (disponibilité des ressources, stabilité et taille de l'écosystème) restent discutés. Dans ce contexte, 3 nouvelles questions portant sur les réseaux trophiques des cours d'eau sont abordés par l'analyse des isotopes stables. Une première étude confirme le rôle structurant du gradient amont-aval dans le fonctionnement des cours d'eau, en précisant son in fluence directe et indirecte sur le réseau trophique piscicole. Une deuxième étude montre l'incidence négative de la variabilité du régime thermique des cours d'eau sur la longueur de chaîne trophique et apporte un nouveau soutien au déterminant "stabilité de l'écosystème". Enfin, une troisième étude explore les effets de l'occupation des sols à 2 échelles spatiales, et suggère une influence complexe jouant sur la diversité des ressources et des niveaux trophiques du réseau.
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Magliveras, Konstantinos D. "Exclusion from participation in international organisations : the theory and practice behind member states' expulsion and suspension of membership." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244147.
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Knight, Margaret Anne. "The evolution of online news: a comparative case study of the process of implementation at two South African news organisations." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002901.
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This study examines the evolution of online news strategy in South African and American newspaper companies, and compares the approaches used in the two countries. The Internet has had a major effect on news worldwide, and has contributed to sweeping changes in the news industry in all media. This study looks at the changes and the evolving strategy wrought by online news in the newspaper industry in two countries. In order to do this comparison, a model of the US experience has been constructed, using material published in the US academic and professional journalism press. Since there is no equivalent published material available dealing with the South African experience, interviews were conducted with staff at two newspaper companies (Johnnic and Naspers), and a broad historical overview was created for each company. These “narrative histories” were then compared with the US model, and areas of commonality and difference were highlighted and discussed. Several structural and national differences be tween the two countries were also raised and analysed. Finally, a conclusion as to how applicable the US model is to the South African experience is drawn, and suggestions are made for further study.
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Ichimi, Godwin S. "The World Trade Organisation and food insecurity in the south : prospects for the ECOWAS sub-region." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=196159.
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This thesis focuses on the topic ‘The World Trade Organisation and Food Insecurity in the South: Prospects for the ECOWAS sub-region'. It is cast against the background of the prevailing global food crisis which is generally accepted as having assumed monumental dimensions in sub-Saharan Africa where a total of over 150 million people are said to be under the direct threat of hunger and starvation. The study appraises the mainstream understanding of the root causes of the on-going food crisis, the policies prescribed for their resolution as well as the efficacy of the neo-liberal multilateral institutional frameworks from within which these are currently being deployed. The global and regional multilateral institutions of reference here are the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) respectively. The study contends that the hegemonic narrative is severely limited; that the perspective which drives it suffers from some highly virulent blind-spots on the critical questions of history and the structural notions of power – notions which go to the very heart of the contemporary structuring of the global food system, and which, in the case of West Africa, is assuring the privileged access of some classes to food and food-producing resources whilst excluding the bulk of the class of the majority. Consequently, from a macro-historical qualitative perspective, the study develops and deploys an alternative conceptual framework from within which it appraises the regional agricultural and related trade policies of the member states of the ECOWAS which were developed in response to the neoliberal regimes of the WTO. With the reality of third world structural dependency as a point of departure, and situating this within the theoretical framework of Robert W. Cox and the tenets of Dependency theory, the study poses the question of whether and/or how, in the specific instance of West Africa, the framing of the region’s food and agricultural policies, couched as they have been in conformity to the broader context of the regimes of the WTO, has resulted in the aggravation of insecurity in food production and consumption. Pursuant to investigating this question, the study finds that as adherence by the member states of the ECOWAS to the rules of the WTO Agreements in particular and the dictates of neoliberal economic agenda in general intensifies, regional food and agricultural development strategies of the region have invariably proven incapable of overcoming the logic of structural capitalist dependency. Rather, as the ECOWAP achieves coincidence with the regimes of the WTO, those exact material conditions that stymie the prospects for structural transformation of the agrarian economy in the West African sub-region are being reinforced. The exacerbation of the associated problems of agricultural productivity decline, as well as the concomitant loss of household and national incomes is effectively putting even the food that is available both in the local and international markets well beyond the reach of the bulk of the poverty stricken majority of the people of Western Africa.
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Ross, D. "The lived experiences and discourses of African Americans working in multinational organisations in the United States of America and abroad." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2012. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/264/.
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Diversity is a word that holds many different meanings for different people. In addition, organisations continue to grow and are becoming more diverse in terms of gender, race, ethnicity and inclusion of other diverse groups. However, there exist a growing proportion of African Americans’ in the workplace that hold significantly fewer top management positions than their white counterparts. Using a phenomenological approach, this study investigated if African Americans’ views on diversity in the work environment were in tune with one another, and if they believed (white) top management’s views on diversity were the same as their own views. The main aim of document five is to determine what are the different attributes used, if any, by African Americans’ when discussing the topic of diversity as it relates to the work environment in multinational organisations (MNOs) and if they believed (white) top management used the same attributes to describe diversity. Key findings that emerged from this study include how African American participants viewed diversity in terms of advancement towards top management positions and representation in their organisations. However, African American participants believed (white) top management viewed diversity as reaching a certain percentage of minorities’ in an organisation as a whole. This conceptual difference in diversity, according to participants, also appeared to cause tension and misunderstanding when the two groups communicated with one another regarding matters that took place in work office. Other key findings that emerged included how the non-implementation of a diversity policy/strategy constrained the development of a supportive organisation culture for African Americans’ as well as, contributed to the perceived discrimination of African American participants of this research study from gaining senior roles within their organisations. The absence of an effect implementation of a diversity policy/strategy and the apparent limitations to achieve top management position within their respective organisations reinforced the idea by participants of this research study of their organisations having a lack of diversity within the organisational environment. The conclusion of this document proposes possible solutions for (white) top management to better understand its African American employees and address their issues with advancing in the organisation, such as: providing mentoring programs and initiating diversity workshops for all employees to attend. In addition, the conclusion proposes ideas to coincide with today’s diversity training initiatives, as well as, offering possible ideas and methods for (white) top management and African Americans’ to better coexist in the workforce.
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Alkahtani, Munahi. "Business organisation knowledge management integrated social ontology (BOKMISO) framework for the telecommunication industry in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28755/.
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Understanding knowledge management is critical for organisations because the persons concerned are not trained adequately to access, use and benefit from this knowledge effectively. The main problem is that the workers themselves do not understand how to organize and manage a huge amount of knowledge capital has, and the importance of this to improve organizational performance. This research is based on understanding the importance of knowledge management practices and policies within an organisation. This is based on research to understand the importance of knowledge management practices and policies within the organization. This research focuses on building a framework based on the knowledge of social issues within the organization and its impact on business. This research will explore strategies that can be used for organizations in order to integrate this knowledge into their business social benefit from social ontology. To enable this framework, a business organization knowledge management integrated social ontology framework (BOKMISOf) was built with a focus on telecommunications industry in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states. In order to understand the social aspects of an organisation, a social ontology was developed which was incorporated into the knowledge management framework. The BOKMISO framework was evaluated with case studies, within telecommunication companies, in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states. The employees of these companies contributed in data collection activity via questionnaire, whereas the managers of these companies contributed via semi-structured interview. Results that were gathered from data collection showed that BOKMISO framework was valid, appropriate, useful and added value to an organisation. Further work can be done to apply the BOKMISOf within other telecommunications companies in Saudi Arabia.
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Montalescot, Clémence. "Les missions communication et formations des usagers stage au Service commun de la documentation de l'université Lyon 3 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/rsmontalescot.pdf.
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Van, Staden André. "The balanced scorecard as performance measurement and personal development tool in a steel organisation / André van Staden." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4801.
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The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic management tool that provides the manager with a clear and concise picture of the business's health and progress in reaching the goals of the business (Norton & Kaplan, 1992: 71-79). The BSC is a set of financial and non-financial measures relating to a company's critical success factors. Of late the BSC was also used as a personal development tool – measuring the individual's performance towards set personal growth targets. The BSC process has been part of ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works for many years. This process can add great value to a company if managed effectively- the question is thus: is the BSC effectively implemented in ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works? It was decided to conduct a study to determine the status of the BSC with one main objective and two secondary objectives, namely to –
• establish whether ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works is effectively using the
BSC tool as a performance measurement and a personal development tool (main objective);
• determine if there is a difference between the effective implementation of the
BSC as a performance management and personal development tool within the different business units within ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works. These units are
Iron Making, Steel Making, Rolling, Engineering and Staff (Secondary objective 1): and
• determine if there is a difference between the effective implementation of the
BSC as a performance management and personal development tool between different role gradings (these roles are defined as E, F and G roles) in ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works (Secondary objective 2). An empirical study was conducted in ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works. A questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument and was issued via the HR Department to a target group of 724 employees. The questionnaires consisted of 25 questions divided into 2 sections to test both the effectiveness of the BSC as a performance management tool and a personal development tool. To analyse the data, descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were used and calculated in Microsoft PHStat. From these results the following conclusions were drawn.
• The BSC process is well entrenched in ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark Works, but lacks overall effectiveness;
• The BSC does encourage people to self-develop, but development plans are lacking, not enough time for training is given and managers must show a real intent to develop their people. From the study and the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations were made.
• Address the issue of mistrust between the employees and their supervisory management.
• Managers should make allowance for individuals to make mistakes.
• Encourage innovation in the organisation.
• More effort should be applied to translate the company strategic objectives into workable (and measurable) KPI 's at the lower levels of the organisation.
• ArcelorMittal should make a concerned effort to allow more time for training and self-development during normal working hours.
• Revisit all KPI's for weight allocation. All the departments and all the levels in the
organisation see this as a drawback of the BSC system.
• Test the applicability of the KPis. Ensure that the KPis on the BSC are clear and that these reflect the effort the company requires form the individual.
• Allow more participation of the individual during the compilation of the BSC (this will improve buy-in).
• The E-role level communicates very well downwards to the lower levels in the organisation. Take key learning aspects from this group, and skill the F-role and
G-role levels to the same extent.<br>Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.
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Bukenya, Badru. "Can NGOs build states and citizenship through service delivery? : evidence from HIV/AIDS programmes in rural Uganda." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/can-ngos-build-states-and-citizenship-through-service-delivery-evidence-from-hivaids-programmes-in-rural-uganda(c6485b71-3d98-4091-8e52-764ceea3676e).html.
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Service delivery NGOs (SD-NGOs) have long been criticised for promoting ‘technocratic’ and ‘depoliticised’ forms of development. However, some commentators have begun to argue that such agencies, and even their ‘technocratic’ interventions, can have positive impacts on political forms and processes. This study investigates these two opposing perspectives through the lens of state building and citizenship formation in the global South. Primary research into the activities of a prominent SD-NGO in Uganda called The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), through its “mini-TASO Project” (MTP), finds that the project delivered important citizenship gains for People with HIV/AIDS (PWAs). This was visible in four main areas, namely, enhanced ability of PWAs to exercise voice, increased associationalism among previously unorganised and marginalised PWAs, increased voluntarism and more participation of PWAs in political contests. Yet, the project’s state-capacity building effects were more uneven. On the one hand, the programme played an important role in strengthening the bureaucratic ability of targeted hospitals to deliver HIV/AIDS services, enhanced PWAs’ legibility to the state as well as increased state’s embeddedness in society. On the other hand, however, it was less successful in expanding the infrastructural reach of the state in rural Uganda. The overall conclusion is that while SD-NGOs emerge as more political actors than critics claim, their potentially progressive effects are contingent on and remain limited by intervention and contextual factors. While intervention factors encompass issues such as the expertise of SD-NGOs, programme design and funding, the contextual ones include the pre-existing state-society relations, operating environment for civil society, influence of donors, and the character of both formal and informal political institutions, among others.
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Alkraiji, Abdullah. "Issues of the adoption of HIT related standards at the decision-making stage of six tertiary healthcare organisations in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9848.
Full textAbstract:
Due to interoperability barriers between clinical information systems, healthcare organisations are facing potential limitations with regard to acquiring the benefits such systems offer; in particular, in terms of reducing the cost of medical services. However, to achieve the level of interoperability required to reduce these problems, a high degree of consensus is required regarding health data standards. Although such standards essentially constitute a solution to the interoperability barriers mentioned above, the level of adoption of these standards remains frustratingly low. One reason for this is that health data standards are an authoritative field in which marketplace mechanisms do not work owing to the fact that health data standards developed for a particular market cannot, in general, be applied in other markets without modification. Many countries have launched national initiatives to develop and promote national health data standards but, although certain authors have mapped the landscape of the standardisation process for health data in some countries, these studies have failed to explain why the healthcare organisations seem unwilling to adopt those standards. In addressing this gap in the literature, a conceptual model of the adoption process of HIT related standards at the decision-making stage in healthcare organisations is proposed in this research. This model was based on two predominant theories regarding IT related standards in the IS field: Rogers paradigm (1995) and the economics of standards theory. In addition, the twenty one constructs of this model resulted from a comprehensive set of factors derived from the related literature; these were then grouped in accordance with the Technology-Organisation Environment (TOE), a well-known taxonomy within innovation adoption studies in the IS field. Moving from a conceptual to an empirical position, an interpretive, exploratory, multiple-case study methodology was conducted in Saudi Arabia to examine the proposed model. The empirical qualitative evidence gained necessitated some revision to be made to the proposed model. One factor was abandoned, four were modified and eight new factors were added. This consistent empirical model makes a novel contribution at two levels. First, with regard to the body of knowledge in the IS area, this model offers an in-depth understanding of the adoption process of HIT related standards which the literature still lacks. It also examines the applicability of IS theories in a new area which allows others to relate their experiences to those reported. Secondly, this model can be used by decision makers in the healthcare sector, particularly those in developing countries, as a guideline while planning for the adoption of health data standards.
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Wilkins, Bridget Sally. "An immunohistochemical study of the spatial organisation and differentiation of haemopoietic cells within bone marrow in reactive, dysplastic and neoplastic myeloproliferative states." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316483.
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Adams, Gordon. "A critical analysis of the African Union’s self-financing mechanism." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6820.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>In the process of describing the background to the problem, the author will in this section firstly, explain what the African Union (AU) has implemented, secondly, explain the relevant rules and regulations that need to be adhered to as World Trade Organisation (WTO) members and lastly, explain how the self-financing mechanism might be in contravention of the rules and regulations of the WTO required to be adhered to by all WTO Members.
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Njaka, Chinelo. "Constructing mixed race : racial formation in the United States of America and Great Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/constructing-mixed-race-racial-formation-in-the-united-states-of-america-and-great-britain(de67baa1-d2a5-440d-adc7-3ddf3463be0a).html.
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The aim of the thesis is to examine contemporary constructions of mixed race in the United States and Britain through the examination of two types of racial projects: the national census and voluntary and community organisations focused on mixed race. Using a combination of critical discourse analysis and qualitative interviews, the research analyses the ways in which mixed race is being described, conceptualised, and constructed through macro- and meso-level racial projects in each nation, in order to compare the racial formation processes that are occurring in the early twenty-first century's "mixed race moment". The thesis builds upon racial formation theory, which argues that the concept of "race" is never fully fixed, but rather is made through socio-historical processes that create, inhabit, transform, and destroy racialised notions over time and context (Omi and Winant 1986, 1994, 2015). The theory examines the struggles over racialised meanings that occur between macro-level and micro-level racial projects. This thesis aims to fill the gap left by this focus through examining racial projects that occupy the socio-political "middle ground" between macro- and micro-level projects: the "meso-level."The research examines the ways in which the state constructs mixed race in the United States and Britain. Each nation's census allowed for mixed race self identification in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The thesis examines the social, historical, and political processes that led to mixed race options at that particular time. It argues that the ways in which the census organisations report upon mixed race functions as a discursive practice that provides an official construction of mixed race through simultaneously reflecting and shaping racialised descriptions and narratives within each nation. The thesis examines the usefulness of "meso-level" projects by exploring the role of mixed race organisations in racial formation processes through the examination of six meso-level mechanisms of racialisation: social identity, social capital, collective action, idioculture, extended networks, and civil society (Fine 2012). Incorporating Michel Foucault's notion of "governmentality" (Gordon 1991), the thesis highlights the ways that mixed race organisations have interacted directly and indirectly with macro-level bodies during and after the addition of the mixed race census options as well as other routes of interaction specific to each national context. The thesis argues that the racialisation that occurs at the macro-level holds a "default" role with which mixed race organisations then engage. This highlights the relative roles of power the institutions have in each national context and the ways they are managed through relations fostered through governmentality. The thesis also examines the discourses used by mixed race organisations in the US and Britain as meso-level racial projects and poses the argument that the varied usage of multiple racialised paradigms leads to an increased relative fluidity in the constructions of mixed race than their respective macro-level projects. The systematic cross-national comparison of the ways mixed race is constructed in the US and Britain highlights the ways in which both macro-level and meso-level organisations articulate and promote racialised ideology through their relative levels of power in society. By analysing and comparing these racial projects and their interactions, the paradigms and discourses used reveal the particularities and overlaps by these organisations as they contest, negotiate, and accept formations of mixed race.
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Dahl, Matilda. "States under scrutiny : International organizations, transformation and the construction of progress." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Huddinge : Stockholm University ; Södertörns högskola, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6795.
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Lagerlöf, Stefan. "Är tilldelad tid tillräcklig tid? : en undersökning av 2007 års omorganisationsförändring av högkvarteret avseende den flygtaktiska stabens anpassning till CJTF konceptet." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-185.
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<p>Uppsatsen behandlar den flygtaktiska stabens anpassning till CJTF konceptet i samband med förändringen av Försvarsmaktens högkvarter 2007. Erfarenheter visar att förändring av en komplex offentlig organisation till struktur och arbetssätt tar lång tid och att strukturen är enklare att förändra än arbetssätt. Utifrån erfarenheterna om det svåra att förändra arbetssätten har en hypotes formulerats för att undersöka om den flygtaktiska staben endast förändrats till struktur. Syftet med undersökningen är att pröva hypotesen utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv på organisationsförändring, ett instrumentellt perspektiv. Förhoppningen är att kunna bidra med kunskap inför framtida förändringar. Resultatet bekräftar erfarenheterna om svårigheten med att förändra arbetssätt. Dessutom visar resultatet att en av anledningarna till svårigheterna kan förklaras med att tiden till förberedelser ofta inte är tillräckliga.</p><br><p>This study performs a theoretical analysis of the Air Component Command’s adaption with the CJTF-concept during an organizational change of the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in 2007. Common experiences show that organizational changes of complex governmental organizations are difficult to perform because changes of structure and methods often take a long time. It also shows that structure is easier to change than method. Based on these common experiences especially regarding the difficulty in changing methods a hypothesis has been formed to support the study about whether the ACC´s adaption only is done by structural means. The purpose with this study is to test the hypothesis from one theoretical perspective of organizational changes, the instrumental perspective. The result will hopefully contribute with knowledge on the eve of future organizational changes. The conclusion of this study confirms experiences about the difficulty in organizational changes, especially regarding methods. It also shows that one of the most obvious reasons seems to be the lack of available time for preparation.</p>
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Dente, Sébastien. "The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies : logistics and functional economy." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0017/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les économies circulaires et de fonctionnalité sont souvent présentées comme des stratégies prometteuses quant à leur capacité à résoudre les problèmes environnementaux associés aux systèmes de production et de consommation actuels. Cependant, malgré les consommations d’énergie et émissions croissantes associées à la mondialisation de nos systèmes modernes, la question de la circulation reste peu abordée. Le présent travail s’attache à combler ce manque en analysant les effets de la représentation des activités humaines et des processus de circulation sous le champ de la durabilité. En s’intéressant ainsi au triptyque durabilité/chaîne d’approvisionnement/ économies circulaires et de fonctionnalités, le présent travail montre notamment la barrière à la durabilité que constitue la représentation standardisée de l’espace et du temps associée à la convention économique actuellement dominante. Ainsi, l’approche en circuit fermé de l’économie circulaire et l’approche servicielle de co-production associée à l’économie de fonctionnalité ne s’avèrent être des stratégies efficacement durables que si une approche spécifique des ressources et de la demande y est associée. Ce point a notamment été développé à travers un modèle logistique qui montre par rapport à un scénario logistique de référence une augmentation de 5% des émissions de CO2 liés au transport de marchandises entre régions françaises pour une approche générique de l’économie de fonctionnalité contre une diminution de 3% des émissions dans le cas d’une approche spécifique<br>Functional and circular economies are often presented as promising strategies to address the environmental issues associated with our modern production/consumption systems. Within these systems, the circulation processes themselves are usually poorly addressed, in spite of the increasing energy consumption and emissions associated with logistics under the current trends of globalization. The present thesis aims at filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between the representation of human activities and circulation processes and the issue of sustainability. Dealing with the triptych sustainability/supply chain management/circular and functional economies, the thesis shows that the standardized representation of space and time in the current dominant economic conventions acts as a barrier to the development of truly sustainable circulation processes. It finds that the closing loop approach of the circular economy and the product/service approach of the functional economy require specific definitions and policy measures for resources and demand, so that they can be considered as real sustainable strategies. This necessity to develop specific new approaches was further supported with evidence from a new logistics and freight transportation model for France. The model indicates that a generic approach towards a functional economy would lead to 5% increase of CO2 emissions (associated with French interregional traded tons) while a targeted approach would lead to a 3% reduction in comparison to the reference logistics scenario
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Cunningham, Andrew John. "The relationship between humanitarian international non-governmental organisations and states in periods of civil war : case study of Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland and the Government of Sri Lanka." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-humanitarian-international-nongovernmental-organisations-and-states-in-periods-of-civil-war(9eb90896-95db-4efd-bb42-5fc0c783d654).html.
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This research examines the relationship between a humanitarian international non-governmental organisation (INGO) and a state against the background of civil war. This relationship is established as two sets of norms in tension: The moral as represented and made operational by humanitarian INGOs and the political as articulated and practised by states, mediated through the discourse of identity. Specifically the study investigates the constructed relationship between the humanitarian INGO Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland (MSF-H) and the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) during two periods of the Sri Lankan civil war (2006 and 2008-2009). A negotiation structure is proposed where an external actor—a humanitarian INGO—attempts to operate within the internal environment of a state. For a state, civil war is a ‘state of exception’, where a government’s prerogative to act outside ‘normal’ legal and moral boundaries may be taken up and where international actors are securitised. For a humanitarian organisation a civil war is defined as a humanitarian crisis which must be responded to using humanitarian principles in a non-political manner. This case study relationship is viewed from both MSF-Holland’s and the GoSL’s perspectives. On the side of the GoSL the study describes and analyses the government’s decision-making when faced by international criticism, a humanitarian crisis, and international organisations attempting to work on its territory. The background for the GoSL’s actions is extensively explored. MSF-Holland’s response to the thinking and actions by the GoSL is also closely examined, as is its internal discussions concerning its role in the context as a humanitarian actor. A discourse analysis methodology is used to analyse the primary source material. It was found that when securitised MSF-H had various options in responding: Accommodation to the demands of the GoSL; withdrawal from the country; counter-attacking the government; or concealment—hiding itself from attention. Rejecting these MSF-H chose desecuritisation. In the 2006 period engagement between the actors was possible albeit difficult; the securitisation process was manageable through desecuritisation. However, in the 2008-2009 period securitisation prohibited action and speech, and desecuritisation was not effective. The thesis proposes a theoretical framework—a negotiation structure, within which to understand these interactions, based on the case study findings. The conclusion points to further research needs and discusses the usefulness of the proposed negotiation structure to other contexts.
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Scaife, Wendy A. "Transforming human energy to power for change : development principles for charitable health organisations seeking to optimise community and other support of Australian medical science." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36364/1/36364_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Majok, Daniel Bol. "Access to essential medicines in East Africa: A review of East Africa community and its member states approach to WTO-TRIPS public health flexibilities." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6202.
Full textAbstract:
When the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was
annexed to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1994, it set
minimum standards for intellectual property (IP) protection, including protection of patent
rights, that must be observed and enforced by all WTO Member States. On the one hand,
stringent Intellectual Property protection as seen innovation in the field of science where
medical innovation hasled to the creation of live saving vaccines which have reduced
prevalence of diseases, ranging from polio to the human Papillomavirus, and invention of
antiretroviral medicines which have greatly improved the lives of people living with the
Huma Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). On the other hand, the fulfilment of the obligations
under TRIPS has generated a lot of controversy especially as they have been seen as the
cause of reduced access to essential medicines in developing countries.<br>Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)
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Dente, Sébastien. "The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies : logistics and functional economy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0017.
Full textAbstract:
Les économies circulaires et de fonctionnalité sont souvent présentées comme des stratégies prometteuses quant à leur capacité à résoudre les problèmes environnementaux associés aux systèmes de production et de consommation actuels. Cependant, malgré les consommations d’énergie et émissions croissantes associées à la mondialisation de nos systèmes modernes, la question de la circulation reste peu abordée. Le présent travail s’attache à combler ce manque en analysant les effets de la représentation des activités humaines et des processus de circulation sous le champ de la durabilité. En s’intéressant ainsi au triptyque durabilité/chaîne d’approvisionnement/ économies circulaires et de fonctionnalités, le présent travail montre notamment la barrière à la durabilité que constitue la représentation standardisée de l’espace et du temps associée à la convention économique actuellement dominante. Ainsi, l’approche en circuit fermé de l’économie circulaire et l’approche servicielle de co-production associée à l’économie de fonctionnalité ne s’avèrent être des stratégies efficacement durables que si une approche spécifique des ressources et de la demande y est associée. Ce point a notamment été développé à travers un modèle logistique qui montre par rapport à un scénario logistique de référence une augmentation de 5% des émissions de CO2 liés au transport de marchandises entre régions françaises pour une approche générique de l’économie de fonctionnalité contre une diminution de 3% des émissions dans le cas d’une approche spécifique<br>Functional and circular economies are often presented as promising strategies to address the environmental issues associated with our modern production/consumption systems. Within these systems, the circulation processes themselves are usually poorly addressed, in spite of the increasing energy consumption and emissions associated with logistics under the current trends of globalization. The present thesis aims at filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between the representation of human activities and circulation processes and the issue of sustainability. Dealing with the triptych sustainability/supply chain management/circular and functional economies, the thesis shows that the standardized representation of space and time in the current dominant economic conventions acts as a barrier to the development of truly sustainable circulation processes. It finds that the closing loop approach of the circular economy and the product/service approach of the functional economy require specific definitions and policy measures for resources and demand, so that they can be considered as real sustainable strategies. This necessity to develop specific new approaches was further supported with evidence from a new logistics and freight transportation model for France. The model indicates that a generic approach towards a functional economy would lead to 5% increase of CO2 emissions (associated with French interregional traded tons) while a targeted approach would lead to a 3% reduction in comparison to the reference logistics scenario
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Mouzzouri, Maryam. "L’accueil du religieux à l’UNESCO de sa création à nos jours (1945-2019) : parcours d’une organisation en quête d’un modèle efficace." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP011.
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L’ambition de ma thèse qui s’intitule « L’accueil du religieux à l’Unesco de sa création à nos jours (1945-2019). Parcours d’une Organisation en quête d’un modèle efficace » s’inscrit dans une perspective internationale et consiste à réfléchir sur la manière dont l’Unesco conçue en tant qu’organe de réflexion, de veille intellectuelle dans la poursuite de ses idéaux, accueille le religieux de sa création à nos jours. En tant qu’Organisation internationale au sein de laquelle une pluralité d’États et de cultures aux conceptions du monde diverses et variées se côtoient, je cherche à saisir le/les modèle(s) à partir duquel/desquels l’Unesco appréhende – dans l’orientation de ses programmes et activités – le fait religieux. Je m’interroge sur la question de savoir si l’Unesco aborde le fait religieux en se référant à un cadre conceptuel unique et constant ou s’il existe une succession de modèles. Le mode opératoire de prise en compte du fait religieux dans ses programmes et activités diffèrera au fil des ans pour s’adapter à l’imaginaire dominant. J’ai distingué trois grandes périodes. Chacune d’entre elles constitue le théâtre d’un processus évolutif, ne laissant perdurer que les idées les plus à même de répondre aux préoccupations internationales dominantes. Ce travail propose une lecture globale qui, à partir de l’analyse de la prise en compte du fait religieux, m’amène à exposer les principaux sujets de frictions de la scène internationale parce que, comme l’illustre la thèse, l’Unesco s’avère être une véritable caisse de résonance de l’actualité internationale<br>This summary represents what I hope will come out of my thesis with its title “The reception of the religious dimension by UNESCO from its inception to the present day (1945-2019)”. The progress of an Organisation in search of an effective model forms part of an international perspective which entails reflection on the way in which Unesco, conceived as a body that would engage in reflection as a guarantor of the intellectual integrity of its ideals, has engaged with the religious dimension from its creation to the present day. As an international organisation at the heart of which States and cultures with a range of culture and views of the world meet, I have set out to grasp the model(s) from which Unesco takes account of the religious in devising the direction and aim of its programs and activities. I have asked myself whether Unesco approaches the religious on the basis of a single and constant conceptual framework or whether there is a range of models. The work undertaken leads to a global assessment which takes as its starting point an evaluation of the religious fact and leads me to elaborate the chief areas of friction on the international stage. The thesis sets out ways in which Unesco has developed into a real sounding board for our understanding of the current the international situation. The procedure for taking account of the religious fact in its programs and activities will vary as the years go by so as to take account of the chief areas of imagination and vision. I have defined three main periods. Each of them is a theatre for a process of evolution which would allow only those ideas that are best able to respond to prevailing international concern
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Axelsson, Hyltén Emmy, and Sandra Nyman. "Det Spökar Igen... - en empirisk studie av produktion och ljussättning till en isshow i samarbete med en ideell förening." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21031.
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På grund av vårt stora och gemensamma intresse för konståkning valde vi att sätta upp en isshow i samarbete med Lunds konståkningsklubb. Rapporten behandlar hur det är att försöka leda ett projekt i en ideell förening samt tar upp vikten av kommunikation och ledarskap för att ett projekt ska lyckas. Den tar upp problem som uppstått under projektets gång och hurdana lösningar vi funnit till dessa problem. Vi har också undersökt hur man ljussätter en isyta och hur man går tillväga när föreställningen som ska ljussättas inte står färdig förrän dagen före premiär.