Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organisations non gouvernementales – Bénin – Sociologie'
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Tossavi, Théophile. "Les ONG locales dans l'espace public international : une sociologie de l'engagement "non-gouvernemental" et de ses critiques au Bénin." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0087.
Full textThe objective of this work is to rehabilitate, from the example of the local NGO, the coalitions of interests as one of the main modes of political mediation in Benin. The fertility of a socio-historic approach allowed to understand how and through which practices and which symbolism the local NGO of Benin constituted is not homogeneous social group. This first part is followed by analyses which show haw and why none of the spheres of legitimization of the non-governmental action is enough for her only to govern the complex coordinations which demand the new modes of organization of the Beninese society. Such a step allowed to clarify the constituents of the social relationships which could lead to diversify the public authorities to succeed in encircling the stakes in the decentralization of the power and the political pluralism which take shape in the socio-politic Beninese landscape. In this perspective, the organizational model in network is proposed as carrier of a scientific and empirical revival which allows to think of the structuralization of the political link within the framework of the local geopolitics of the international assistance and the role of the local NGO
Kapagama, Ikando Pascal. "Pratiques et discours des organisations non gouvernementales de développement (ONGD) en République démocratique du Congo : analyse critique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23684/23684.pdf.
Full textDi, Nota David. "Manager les victimes ? : contribution à une sociologie du consulting humanitaire." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083493.
Full textThough humanitarian interventions are said, by many, to be impossible to measure in terms of impact and efficiency, a new kind of profession is intent on spreading the gospel of managerial efficiency among NGOs. Investigating this new form of activity, we cast a new light on the logic of professions itself. We also investigate how professionals construct and impose new problems in the public arena
Brillaxis, Pierre. "Une expérience médicale dans un centre communal de soins privé du département de l'Atacora (Nord Bénin)." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M098.
Full textDiawara, Moise. "Contribution des organisations non gouvernementales au développement social et économique du Mali : période 1960-2012." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2084.
Full textThe economic difficulties faced by Mali can't be seriously combatted without taking into account socio-cultural parameters of beneficiaries of development projects because they have achievements that can be triggering factors or obstacles to any process of local development.Humanitarian aid is at the crossroads of the generosity of its members and the lack of political action in a country. Mali can't be at the margin and find itself in a socio-economic and political situation that requires outside support to resolve its various existential and economic issues.In this context, NGOs have become the operators of development, almost instead of the State in Mali.The results of this situation seem mixed; hence the feeling of a great deal of energy for poor results? Why do Malians have difficulties in taking over the concept of development (economic and social)?In the current situation, we are facing difficulties to understand development issues, while NGOs and their foreign partners act and define their actions from stereotyped views.Mali has been influenced externally since colonialism (colonialism under French influence, socialism under Chinese influence, liberalism under the influence of the World Bank and international institutions such as the IMF), which prevented it from conceiving a specific development model according to its cultural references.These factors, combined with environmental and climatic factors, keep populations in a state of poverty and classify Mali according to the United Nations Human Development Index 2012 to 175th out of 182 world levels, despite the available resources. According to the same source, data from the World Bank indicate that the national gross income per capita is US $ 649 or 616 euros. Poverty is defined by two dimensions: material poverty and poverty in terms of social relations. Formerly as today (see UNDP report from 3 to 4 June 1999), all external observers are struck by the rich social relationships between people in Mali.This fertile ground encourages the intervention of NGOs and allows them to carry out concrete actions (infrastructures, advisory support) badly needed by the populations. However, in their intervention, they do not often take into account the complexity of socio-cultural models, their impact and, above all, the appropriation of achievements by the inhabitants which are often rejected because they don't stick with their social context.Thus, the development process in Mali may be hampered by the heavy weight of the culture.The socialization of children takes place in 3 steps from 0 to 16 years. Its content refers to the vision of a human in the Malian culture, but differs in part according to the specificities of the group of belonging. It ultimately produces an individual who is partly free, partly enrolled in a social body in which he must play the role assigned to him. Becoming an adult means taking his place in the close family, in his extended family, in his village, his people of belonging, according to complex and precise cultural criteria.These are the parameters that make up the models imposed on the Malian individual while participating in development initiatives. If he tries to improve his educational level, to improve his economic situation, the goal is to play a better role in a "traditional" setting, between determinism and freedom.But often, when NGOs intervene in education or local development, they do not have in mind the subtleties of socialization of children and the possible interactions with the school course.In other words, when they promote economic projects, they remain unrelated to the questions regarding who is locally in charge of these projects (depending on the place of each other in the social and family order).The Malian individual himself is not in a position to overcome this context, to stand back to analyze it and modify it
Rambaud, Elsa. "Médecins sans frontières : Sociologie d'une institution critique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010350.
Full textMédecins Sans Frontières is the first international medical emergency aid NGO and an organization that has institutionalized critical activity, a phenomenon that this thesis seeks to understand. The most opposite sociologies have studied criticism as an extra-ordinary practice which would be a matter of pure ideas. In contrast with this common frame of analysis, we explore its social rooting. We study the construction of an avant-garde position inside the humanitarian arena. With its center of reflexion, MSF has its own « grammar» (in a metaphoric sense) and its own grammarians. This specificity and its position allow it to play critical blows like the stop of its fund raising for the tsunami at the top of the mobilization (2005). We distinguished three devices underpinning criticism inside the NGO. Amazingly, the first one is a man: Rony Brauman. Understanding the institutionalization of criticism implies studying « Roi René» critical charisma. The second one, instances dedicated to criticism, can be considered as his heritage. The third one is an uncertain division of labor sometimes sustained by power fragmentation technologies. After analyzing the «game of the call to order», we then focus on different adaptations of MSF members to the NGO's critical expectation, examining the cost of criticism and its effects. Critique being inseparable from power, its study sheds light on MSF 's governance and its members ' strong commitment. This sociological normalization of critical practices, between sociology of international relations and collective action, is based on a corpus of interviews and discussions, various archive collections and ethnographical observations
Lima-Neto, Fernando Cardoso. "Le sens des ONG au Brésil : justice sociale, philanthropie et écologie." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0032.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the notion of Non Governmental Organization (NGO) in Brazil. The main objective is to identify the social values that gives meaning to this notion by analyzing its variations of meaning throughout history. In the first part of the thesis, l propose a macro sociological approach in order to deal with the formation of the NGO field in Brazil. The connexions betweenchurch, state and society on the promotion of social welfare in Brazil promoted the three major social values that provide meaning to the NGOs' experience : social justice, philanthropy and ecology. In the second part, l propose a micro sociological approach ir order to interpret these values in the light of four individual trajectories. Each trajectory represents a different point of intersection between the various macro historical processes that consolidated the NGO field, as discussedin Part 1. The research results indicate the social value' of social justice, philanthropy and ecology as the main cultural codes that give meaning to the phenomenon of NGOs in Brazil. The first two have a common historical origin, since the organizations of lay catholics were always present in the context of promoting social welfare in Brazil. In turn, the consecration of the value of ecology concerns a different context, dating mainly from the decades of 1990 and 2000
Elono, Essono Armand. "L'Etat et les organisations internationales non gouvernementales de sport (FIFA-CIO) dans l'organisation et la mise en oeuvre des compétitions sportives internationales : Essai contributif à la sociologie de l'action publique internationale." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20026.
Full textGodin, Julie. "Initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale, des « bonnes intentions » au « professionnalisme » ? : sociologie d’un groupe professionnel à l’aune du sentiment de légitimité, dans une perspective comparative Belgique / France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D094.
Full textAlongside established, high-profile non-governmental organisations (NGOs), many individuals decide that they need to "do something" to improve the lives of the people they have met (while travelling, living in another country or adopting a child, etc.). These people join forces with a small group of friends to set up their own development organisations (referred, to hereafter as "popular development initiatives", or PDIs). At present, one of the major concerns in international development cooperation is to make development workers more professional in the interest of better aid effectiveness. This thesis therefore looks at the discourses and practices of these "ordinary" citizens, in order to highlight their role and to identify key issues for this sector. More specifically, we study the dialectic process by which NGO staff and PDI volunteers build and define their professional and amateur legitimacy as development actors, through the prism of the interactionist perspective of the sociology of professional groups. We also draw on the sociology of public action to consider how public authorities, through their policy tools, influence the responsibility and legitimacy of these actors, the interactions between them, and their mutual recognition. The need for professionalism also stems from demands by local partners in the developing world, so we have taken an interest in their perceptions in the case of Senegal
Dugonjić, Leonora. "Les IB Schools, une internationale élitiste : émergence d’un espace mondial d’enseignement secondaire au XXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0102.
Full textIB Schools, an Elitist International. The Emergence of a Global Space of Secondary Education in the 20th Century. This thesis contributes to the historical sociology of political Internationalism through a study of educational institutions. Drawing on the method of multiple correspondence analysis, it explores the paradox of affirming an "international" identity through an essentialists conception of the nation as embodied in the sub-field of IB Schools, a global space of secondary education. The socio-genesis of this sub-field focuses on the construction of an educational curriculum inspired by the Internationalist doctrine of the League of Nations (1924-1930 and 1945-1947), which led to an international secondary diploma, the International Baccalaureate (1968). The founders of this private diploma sought to unify a global space for the training of leaders, through a preparatory program for higher education, notably World Literature and World History. Created by an elitist international and founded on the belief that educating elites along the lines of an "international mentality" would make a "better" world, this diploma Is provided today in over 3000 secondary schools and 124 countries and presented as an alternative to "national" programs, thereby challenging State monopolies
Vanthuyne, Karine. "Le présent du passé : mémoires, identités et pratiques politiques dans le Guatemala de l'après-conflit armé interne." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0390.
Full textSince the end of the internal armed conflict in Guatemala (1960-1996), several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have sought to convince massacre survivors to testify in court to the violence that they suffered during the war. Based on ethnographic research conducted in Guatemala over nine months (between 2003 and 2006), this thesis examines the joint activities of two of these organizations: the Centre for Human Rights Legal Action, an NGO which is cooridinating two genocide trials against the military high command, and the Community Studies and Psychosocial Action Team, an NGO which offers "psychosoacial" support to the participants of these trails. Taking as frame of analysis their project to "mobilize for justice" massacre survivors, I examine the political identities through which living-together is re-negotiated in Guatemala at the local and national scales: those of the "victim", the "maya" and the "citizen". I also look at the contrasting ways that the inhabitants of two villages in Huhuetenango department appropriate these identities in order to make sense of their experience or to re-engage with the public sphere. A particular attention if brought to bear on the daily experience of remembering violence, as well as the historical, economic, social and political conjunctures in which these processes of articulation and memorialisation of the past are inscribed
Beerli, Monique J. "Saving the saviors : an international political sociology of the professionalization of humanitarian security." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0033.
Full textIn recent years, a dominant discourse has emerged asserting that humanitarian work has become a dangerous profession. In response to growing insecurity in the field, humanitarian organizations have developed new security policies to better protect humanitarian staff and infrastructures. Drawing from Andrew Abbott’s historical sociology of professions and Pierre Bourdieu’s social theory of power, this thesis proposes an international political sociology of the professionalization of humanitarian security. To address the shortcomings of normative-functionalist explanations and poststructuralist critiques of humanitarian security, this thesis examines the conditions of possibility fostering the emergence of a microcosm of humanitarian security professionals. As a consequence of this transformation in the division of humanitarian labor, humanitarian organizations now classify some of world’s neediest populations as beyond the limits of reasonable sacrifice. In the production of this exclusion, humanitarian actors reconstruct “populations in need” as “dangerous populations.” By weighing the cost of the loss of a “humanitarian life” against the potential value of saving the lives of needy others, humanitarian actors contribute to the intensification of global divides in their quest for a common humanity. In sum, the imposition of security as a humanitarian logic of practice is analyzed as a driving force of the inversion of the humanitarian imperative to save lives and act in defense of a shared humanity. Contributing to debates on humanitarian security, this thesis also advances the study of international organizations, security, and transnational power elites
Cîrstocea, Ioana. "Contribution à une sociologie de la "transition" roumaine à travers le prisme de la condition féminine et des représentations de la féminité." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0121.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis is framed with an interdisciplinary perspective where critical sociology and social history converge with gender sociology and history. It first focuses on a critical review of literature on East-European post communist societies and the theme of gender. The political construction of feminity under Romanian communism is afterwards abalyzed on the basis of some previously unpublished archives, secondary data and published autobiographical documents, in order to build a socio-historical analysis of contemporary groups promoting normative feminine images and discourses : political activists, NGOs, feminine press. The manipulation and the political instrumentalisation of the femnity representations as object of ideological and symbolical struggles in the post communist "transition" let me conclude on breaches and continuities in relation to the historical communist background
Segura, Millan Trejo Fernando. "Le Homeless World Cup et le championnat de lutte contre l'exclusion sociale : analyse sociologique de parcours d'exception." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0028.
Full text"Football" has been developed and promoted as a social tool for some time now by a number of stakeholders in the space along with a multitude of other NGO's. The "football" movement is intended to promote social inclusion, integration, cohesion, peace and local development. The Homeless World Cup, since 2003, has become an international institution. While an independent organization, it has established relationships with professional football. Examining certain of these projects will highlight the work and challenges encountered. Specifically, 1 intend to review the Championship of the Fight Against Social Exclusion as well as the selection of the French team for the international event. While this study was being undertaken, Paris was selected to host the Homeless World Cup in August 2011. This provided an opportunity to understand the efforts, coordination, convergences and divergences among the different actors involved. A broad variety of people have been working to bring about this event. What happens with the football players themselves? As they engage in this sport, they assume multiple roles; they certainly become "players", while certain among them also become "volunteers". Some advance even further in their various efforts and in their social trajectories
Ferstler, Sabrina. "Exister dans l'espace humanitaire : Médecins du monde, des impératifs de conformation aux évolutions identitaires (1980-2015)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG020.
Full textThis PhD originated as a commission from the NGO Doctors of the World, taking the form of a CIFRE fellowship. The organization was trying to boost its recognition domestically and internationally by working on its humanitarian practices, as well as refine its distinctive identity. This research ended up examining the conditions of existence of a NGO in the humanitarian space as one of the main contemporary French NGOs. This status is identified as the outcome of successive adjustments to conform to outside demands (competition-related or from backers) in an organization of volunteer doctors that initially stood out by its refusal to be “professionals of poverty”. These adjustments have had consequences in terms of forms of presentation, of organization, hiring and orientations, characterized by a number of tensions and contradictions. They are explored using a variety of tools (discourse analysis, sociography of actors, observation of mobilizations, etc.), ultimately showing how the organization’s identity has been (re)created and refashioned to fit the ambivalent but inevitable managerialization of the practices and representations of the people who make the NGO exist
Pommerolle, Marie-Emmanuelle. "A quoi servent les droits de l'homme? : action collective et changement politique au Cameroun et au Kenya." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361353.
Full textChartain, Laura. "Dans les mailles d’un coton agroécologique. Sociologie d’une filière entre le Brésil et la France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0007.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examines the interaction between various actors of an agroecological cotton production and supply chain. In France, young entrepreneurs who graduated from selective higher education establishments offer an attractive price for cotton. In the Northeast Region of Brazil, producers practice a non-mechanized form of agriculture on family farms, while NGO members act as intermediaries between farmers and buyers. Faced with the fragility of their small-scale organizations, some actors have come to hire more workforce or to take risks in order to try to sustain the cotton chain in the name of the project’s original threefold promise: “becoming a model,” “ecological,” and “social.”Conducted over several months in both countries, the qualitative survey enabled me to observe various problems that the actors are faced with as equipment is implemented to meet the quality expectations of the French market. Among the collected data, I have focused on content analysis to examine interviews and meeting transcripts between the actors.I therefore question the nature of the relations and forms of solidarity taking place in the cotton chain. The first part of the thesis outlines the implementation of equipment (production, certification), highlighting the practical nature of the resulting issues (fixing failures, evaluating prices), as well as the forms of moral assessment at work. Tracing life and work experiences both within the chain and before its existence, the second part shows how several worlds are brought together within the chain, as well as the institutional origin (state, the UN, large NGOs) of the equipment formats. I demonstrate how a process of individualization of risks and responsibilities, implicitly encouraged by large institutions, develops alongside the actors’ normative work.The thesis thereby contributes to a clearer understanding of how networks and worlds composed of diverse elements (production, family farming, market, social movements, Churches, states, development aid) collide in concrete experiences
Richardier, Verena. "Le souci d’autrui en miettes – Capitalisme émotionnel et division du travail humanitaire depuis Lyon, Pékin et Bamako." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN006.
Full textIntermediate organisations working for donors and receiving financial donations for beneficiaries of humanitarian help have been gradually adapted to biopower mechanisms of government. Guidelines, standards and objectives are now fully part of a profession willing to gain efficiency but not profit. Humanitarian action is more and more divided between organisations but also between workers in order to ensure this goal. One organisation and some of its local partners have been observed from Lyon, Beijing and Bamako. This NGO has been analyzed with its financial partners and implementing partners as all are integrated into an ecology of professions. This approach is essential to link together situations, contexts and globalization processes at work. This PhD explores the institutionalization of a particular mode of governance more and more based on individual emotions of workers and their "beneficiaries." Indeed, they are essential to foster negotiations within this division of labour. Therefore, humanitarian government is now part of a capitalism of emotions deployed across external borders of different countries and internal borders between the private and professional
Ruysschaert, Denis. "Le rôle des organisations de conservation dans la construction et la mise en œuvre de l'agenda international de conservation d'espèces emblématiques : le cas des orangs-outans de Sumatra." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951940.
Full textDiagne, Yacine. "Sociologie politique d'une expérience de démocratie participative. Le cas d'une radio communautaire au Sénégal." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090018/document.
Full textAspiring to “give a voice” to the poor people of Pikine, a suburb of the Senegalese capital, “Local Debate” is an interactive political programme of the community radio Air’Jeunes, created in the late nineties at the initiative of youth associations in the Dakar region with support from a major Canadian NGO. This thesis explores the use of this programme by local citizens in three main areas where activists and proponents of participatory democracy are committed to developing citizen action mechanisms, aiming to correct the defects and shortcomings under the democratic ideal of representative government: the role of citizens in the production system of local public goods, symbolic relationships between elected leaders and electors, and the public space for debate on public policies and the actions of representatives. Based on an ethnographic field study conducted in three phases between 2006 and 2011 in the radio production studio and the show’s listening sites, it appears that, even if the programme has enabled forms of contestation of local authority to be voiced publicly without mediation, the realisation of the original project faced an unfavourable local context marked by the lack of resources given to local officials to exercise their newly decentralised powers and a local political journalism polarised around two dominant forms, leaving little room for debate: the antagonistic journalism of big private groups and small informal press, and the legitimising journalism of the public service group. Despite their militant commitment to the project, radio staff and hosts whose social origins and educational backgrounds distance them from the forms of consumption of information goods and activities of Pikine’s inhabitants, as well as the dynamic activities of informal neighbourhood associations in the suburbs of Dakar, have gradually yielded to forces of attraction exercised by mainstream private radios, influencing their vision of their professional future and, in turn, their journalistic practice
Robles, Belmont Eduardo. "Les Fondations, acteurs de l'émergence des nouvelles technologies dans les pays non hégémoniques : le cas des micro et nanotechnologies au Mexique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691260.
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