Academic literature on the topic 'Organization of forest exploitation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Organization of forest exploitation"

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Sinkevich, S. M., and V. A. Ananyev. "Forest code about forest use in protected forests." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 3, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-2020-3-3-1-5.

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The description of the organization of forest exploitation in the fundamental law acts existing the last 40 years is analyzed. The role and age structure of the protective forests are briefly characterized. Need of active management for maintenance of functionality of the protective forests is formulated. The important role of forest code for development of regulatory documents and effective implementation of the concept of ecosystem services is shown.
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Vujadinovic, Snezana. "Forests as the factor of the economy development of the Raska region." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 83, no. 2 (2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0302061v.

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Forests represent the significant natural resource of the Raska region. The preservation of forests ecosystems, and space potential offer, a favourable basis for their many-functional usage. For the time being, the productive, i.e., economic function, is dominant. The forests on the territory of the Prijepolje Forest Organization present the main raw material basis. In the whole cut wood volume of Serbia (state forests), the above mentioned organization participates with 37,1%. Opposite to that fact, the economic effects that the region economy has from the forest utilization, are far less than the potentials. Forest resources are neither enough nor adequately used. That greatly complicates the development of wood industry, as well as the other activities whose prosperity is connected with forests. Making and realization of plans for protection, fending forests and utilization, constructing infrastructure, tending and preservation of wild life, rational exploitation of forest resources, are the trends of the future usage of the Raska region forest natural wealth.
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Прока, Ирина, Irina Proka, Сергей Бабынин, and Sergey Babynin. "CREATING FOREST PLANTS OF MULTI-PURPOSE RESOURCE USE BY FORESTRY METHODS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c3de3887620f5.55458216.

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Based on the results of the analysis and assessment of the problem of meeting the growing needs of resource forest management in relatively densely populated areas with developed transport infrastructure, within the framework of the developed concept of ensuring the intensification of forest reproduction and use by creating forest plantations with silvicultural methods, one of the ways to solve the problem is to develop for the practical application of the target forest management systems for the creation of forest plantations of many special purpose resources, distinguished by relatively high ecological properties, potential for efficient integrated use of forest resources, which creates the possibility (due to their use) of preserving and reducing the intensity of exploitation of valuable forest ecosystems of natural and natural economic origin. To achieve this goal, based on the use of two types of technological organization of territories of different types of forests and potential productivity of cultivated plantation stands, the interrelated implementation of all activities of the forest regeneration cycle is provided. They are organically combined with a relatively intensive multi-purpose resource forest use throughout the forest reproduction cycle. In turn, effective measures for the protection and preservation of forests are ensured by integrating them into phased measures of thinning throughout all stages of forest growth, as well as by rational organization of the creation and use of forest plantations by silvicultural methods. At the same time, measures are provided for forest users to motivate the use of forest-established forest use - the creation and operation of forest plantations, taking into account the introduction of reasonable changes to the Forest Code to expand the possibilities of planted forest growing while preserving environmentally valuable forests.
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Fayiah, M. "Uncertainties and trends in the forest policy framework in Sierra Leone: an overview of forest sustainability challenges in the post-independence era." International Forestry Review 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832952744.

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Sierr a Leone is part of the Upper Guinean Forests with a climate that enhances great floral biodiversity. The exploitation of forest resources in Sierra Leone has seen a steady increase over the years while the establishment of forest plantations has witnessed a drastic decline. The relationship between forest exploitation and plantation forest decline is broadly assumed to be influenced by population growth, weak forest policies, legislatures, forest management and monitoring policies over the past century. The paper examines forests status and forest resources policy evolution since the pre-colonial era but pays particular attention to policies developed from 1988, in the post-colonial era, and the challenges facing their implementation. The paper highlights major challenges facing the healthy and sustainable growth of forest resources in Sierra Leone. The challenges range from the attachment of the Forestry Division to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS), the overlap in ministerial mandates about forest protection, corrupt government officials, poverty, illegal logging, inadequate funding and staff, natural disaster and outdated forestry instruments. Natural factors such as climate change, drought, and landslides are considered among the issues affecting the sustainable expansion of forest resources in Sierra Leone. A flowchart of forest sustainability challenges in Sierra Leone was designed, and classified forest challenges into natural and man-made causes. The inability of the Forestry Division to become an independent body and the continued reliance of the Division on the 1988 Forestry Act to make informed decisions in the 21st century is serving as a major barrier in sustaining forests resources in Sierra Leone. Improving forest management in the country requires the collective efforts of both national and international forests protections entities and organizations. Sound forests conservation policies and adequate funding and staffing can strengthen the Forestry Division in enforcing its constitutional mandates. Adopting the best practices models from countries such as China, India and the USA will help towards the goal of managing forest resources sustainably for current and future generations.
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Wu, Jing, Feng Han, Yang Gao, and Yali Wen. "The requirements of forestry cooperative organization development in China: a case study of different stakeholder groups." Forestry Studies 59, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2013-0011.

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Abstract After China’s collective forest tenure reform, cooperation organization has played an important role on the development of community forestry. In order to analyse the different stakeholders’ opinion and suggestion on the development of forestry cooperation organization, publicizing and training, participatory interview, brainstorming, and questionnaire surveys were used in this case study. According to the results it can be seen that the real motivation for the development of cooperatives is farmers’ demands and the demands come from farmers’ pursuit of interests in forest industry. Cooperatives in China are still in the early stage of development, and the cooperative laws cannot cover all the basic features of the forestry and the cooperatives. Therefore, the relevant laws and guarantee systems for resource exploitation and management, publicity and demonstration, forestry technology training as well as the preferential policies such as tax breaks, are needed for the sound development of China’s forestry cooperation organization.
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Kormanek, Mariusz, and Dariusz Baj. "Analysis of Operation Performance in the Process of Machine Wood Harvesting with Fao Far 6840 Mini-Harvester." Agricultural Engineering 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2018-0007.

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AbstractThe article presents analysis of operation of Fao Far 6840 mini harvester for machine wood harvesting. Analysis was made based on working day timing. The investigations were carried out on the area of Lubliniec Forest Inspectorate, Bór Forestry on the habitat forest site − fresh mixed forest where pine wood was obtained with the use of a harvester. Timing was carried out based on the registration of the exploitation time of a harvester with the use of a video camera and stopwatch and measurements of the obtained size grade. Based on the obtained results low values of performance in the exploitation change time 9.61 m3·h−1, and effective performance 12.14 m3·h−1 were reported. Low machine performance was affected mainly by conditions of harvesting, low log volume (at the average 0.62 m3) and concentration of trees. The head structure (applied feed system), weak work organization (short time of a single 6 hour shift) and weak skills of the machine operator were additional factors that reduced the performance
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Tampakis, Stilianos, Veronika Andrea, Paraskevi Karanikola, and Ioannis Pailas. "The Growth of Mountain Tourism in a Traditional Forest Area of Greece." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111022.

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The recreational value of forests in mountain areas creates significant potential for local growth. Indeed, in recent decades, it has been noted that there has been an increase in the popularity of forests recognized as tourism destinations with a strong recreational importance. In the forest area of Metsovo, the locals are aware of the role of tourism in local growth, and it is considered, along with forestry and livestock farming, as the major critical advantage for sustainable development. Research Highlights: Although the locals are satisfied with the quality of their lives, they consider that mountain tourism should be enhanced with certain prerequisites, such as forest infrastructure and improvement of the road network. Background and Objectives: The case study aims to examine and interpret the locals’ views in the mountain area of Metsovo on different factors that are able to support and encourage the growth of mountain tourism. Materials and Methods: Simple random sampling was applied, and data collection took place in 2018. In order to analyze and synthesize the locals’ views, reliability, factor, and hierarchical cluster analyses were used. Results: The main findings of the survey indicate that according to the locals’ views, there is a need for strategic organization addressing primarily forest recreation infrastructures from the Forest Service. Conclusions: The locals’ views are focused on mountain tourism-related exploitation with the aim of forest recreation infrastructures. Indeed, the locals acknowledge the important role of the forest service in conservation schemes, but they also identify that there are forest recreational potentials in their area that need to be enhanced by the central administration and locally by the Forest Service.
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Abuzov, Alexandr, and Pavel Ryabukhin. "Technologies of Intermediate Felling in Difficult to Access Areas." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-4-117-130.

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The development of technologies and equipment that meet modern requirements of forest preservation and a gentle mode of forest exploitation becomes a relevant issue within the framework of the implementation of the sustainable forest management principles both at forestry enterprises and in the organization of forestry. Such technologies include developed and field-tested experimental methods of logging using balloon-rope systems for various types and methods of felling. Of particular interest is the concept of using this equipment based on the purpose logging and the environmental and forestry requirements for their implementation. The paper has informative and cognitive nature; its purpose is to provide professionals with information on new technologies and designs of specialized equipment to ensure a gentle mode of forest management and forest exploitation. The article presents the results of theoretical research on possible directions of use of balloon-rope systems when working on forest sites of specially protected natural areas. The authors propose the designs of specialized equipment for the vertical removal of trees (whips) in the process of intermediate felling on the areas with signs of hard access and ecological dependence. Such mechanisms will significantly reduce energy costs when removing branches and limbs from a standing tree and its vertical removal from the plantation. The developed designs of specialized mechanisms for skidding a vertically standing tree without its landing in the form of a grabbing, grabbingcutting and knot-cutting device with a grabber ensure the maximum possible preservation of the forest environment, since they do not cause damage to the nearby stand, the undergrowth or the soil.
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Freedman, Bill, Stephen Woodley, and Judy Loo. "Forestry practices and biodiversity, with particular reference to the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada." Environmental Reviews 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 33–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a94-003.

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The Canadian forest industries are based on the extensive harvesting and management of forests, with attendant effects on biodiversity at all levels of organization. In large part, conflicts between forestry and biodiversity occur because lands that are harvested and managed are mostly natural and seminatural ecosystems. Prior to being affected by forestry, such lands provided habitat for native species of wild life and their communities. Some of these elements of biodiversity may not find silvicultural habitats, especially plantations, to be suitable to their needs. In addition, the longer term integrity of some natural ecosystems, for example old-growth forests, is not compatible with any but the softest types of exploitation and management. This report discusses interactions of forestry and biodiversity at three levels of organization: (i) genetic variation within populations and species; (ii) the richness of species within communities; and (iii) the richness of community types on the landscape. A broader conclusion of our report is the following: If forestry systems of harvesting and management are to be practised in an ecologically sustainable fashion, then all elements of biodiversity must be accommodated within a landscape comprised of an integration of working lands and ecological reserves. The spatial scale of this integration could be various, ranging from large watersheds, to the "woodsheds" of particular industrial facilities, to provincial and national areas. Therefore, resolution of the substantial conflicts between biodiversity and forestry requires the design of ecologically sustainable landscapes that can provide a flow of timber and other valuated forest products, while still sustaining natural biodiversity resources.Key words: forest management, biodiversity, ecological reserves, eastern Canada, harvesting practices, old growth.
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Roșculeț, Gheorghe, and Daniela Sorea. "Commons as Traditional Means of Sustainably Managing Forests and Pastures in Olt Land (Romania)." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 8012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148012.

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The compossessorates in Transylvania (Romania) are traditional varieties of commons. During the inter-war period two types of compossessorates were most common in the Olt Land, between the Olt River and the Southern Carpathians: those of the former boyars and the ones owned by the former serfs. An analysis of the 1904 Austro-Hungarian Regulation on the organization and management of the commons, of the 1910 Romanian Forest Code that was implemented in Transylvania after 1918, and of the by-laws of compossessorates, derived from the aforementioned documents, unveils the concern of both legislators and members of compossessorates for the preservation, balanced exploitation and regeneration of the forest fund and their focus on sustainable management of forests. The compossessorates were disbanded upon the instauration of the communist regime in Romania and re-established after 1989. Nowadays, compossessorates in the Olt Land continue the local tradition of sustainably managing the forests and the pastures. Their activity in this regard can be improved. Collaboration of the communal schools and the university with the compossessorates, the use of the Internet to promote their image and the involvement of NGOs in their support would be effective in this respect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organization of forest exploitation"

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Šilingienė, Gerda. "Neplyni kirtimai ir jų vertinimas Šiaulių ir Kuršėnų miškų urėdijose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090114_161233-29943.

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Magistro darbe tiriami neplyni miško kirtimai, vertinama jų atlikimo kokybė ir daromos klaidos. Darbo objektas – Šiaulių ir Kuršėnų miškų urėdijos. Darbo tikslas – Nustatyti miškotvarkos projektuotų ir girininkijose vykdytų pagrindinių kirtimo rūšių atitikimą teoriniams reikalavimams (plynų ir neplynų kirtimų santykis) ir įvertinti atliktų neplynų kirtimų kokybę. Darbo metodai - dokumentų analizės, tyrimo duomenų analizės. Darbo rezultatai. Neplyni kirtimai Šiaulių miškų urėdijoje per paskutinius 3 metus sudarė 9-19 % nuo bendros pagrindinių kirtimų apimties, tai mažiau nei šiandien yra reikalaujama. 2003-2007 metais Šiaulių girininkija teoriškai plynai turėjo kirsti 91-98 % bendro pagrindiniais kirtimais kertamo ploto, o neplynai – 2-9 % bendro kertamo ploto. Miškotvarka per paskutinius 5 metus Šiaulių girininkijoje projektavo 2-7 % plynų kirtimų daugiau negu reikėtų pagal Pagrindinių kirtimų taisykles, o neplynų kirtimų apimtys sudarė tik 13-30 % nuo teorinio varianto. Tuo tarpu girininkijos per tą patį laikotarpį atlikti plyni kirtimai teorinį variantą viršijo 1-6 %, o neplyni kirtimai sudarė 32-97 % nuo teorinio varianto. 2008-2009 metams miškotvarka projektuodama Šiaulių girininkijai plynus kirtimus 2-6 % viršijo teorinį variantą, o neplyni kirtimai sudarė 29-72 % nuo teorinio varianto. Šiaulių miškų urėdijoje supaprastinti atvejiniai kirtimai medynuose su pakankamu pomiškio kiekiu sudaro net 66 % bendros neplynų kirtimų apimties. Kuršėnų miškų urėdijoje dviejų ciklų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This study contains non-clear cuttings analysis, evaluation of their quality and made mistakes. Object of the study – State forest enterprises of Šiauliai and Kuršėnai. The aim of the study – Estimate how do the main cuttings, made by the organization of forest exploration match their theoretical specifications (clear and non-clear cuttings proportion) and evaluate the quality of non-clear cuttings made. Methods of the study – document analysis, research data analysis Results of the study. During the past three years non-clear cuttings in the state forest enterprise of Šiauliai took from 9 to 19% of main cuttings made and this rate is less then it should be. During the period of 2003-2007 forestry of Šiauliai theoretically should have cut from 91 to 98% clearly and from 2 to 9 % non-clearly of main cuttings planned. During the past five years in the organization of forest exploitation plans for clear cutting were 2-7% larger than it should theoretically be and plans for non-clear cuttings were only 13-30% of the theoretical value. Whereas actual clear cuttings in the forestries were 1-6% higher and non-clear cutting took from 32 to 97% of their theoretical value. During the period of year 2008-2009 organization of forest exploitation made plans for forestry of Šiauliai, that where 2-6% higher for clear-cuttings and were form 29 to 72% from theoretical value for non-clear cuttings. In the state forest enterprise of Šiauliai the shelter wood cuttings in the stands with... [to full text]
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Schläpfer, Jörg. "Exploitation vs. Exploration Organization Development in the European Insurance Industry /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03601648001/$FILE/03601648001.pdf.

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Schmitt, Sylvain. "Ecological genomics of niche exploitation and individual performance in tropical forest trees." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0247.

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Les forêts tropicales abritent la plus grande diversité d'espèces au monde, un fait qui reste en partie inexpliqué et dont l'origine est sujette à débat. Même à l'échelle de l'hectare, les forêts tropicales abritent des genres riches en espèces, avec des espèces d’arbres étroitement apparentées qui coexistent en sympatrie. En raison de contraintes phylogénétiques, on s'attend à ce que les espèces étroitement apparentées possèdent des niches et des stratégies fonctionnelles similaires, ce qui questionne les mécanismes de leur coexistence locale. Les espèces étroitement apparentées peuvent former un complexe d'espèces, composé d’espèces morphologiquement similaires ou qui partagent une importante proportion de leur variabilité génétique en raison d'une ascendance commune récente ou d'hybridation, et qui peut résulter d'une radiation écologique adaptative des espèces selon des gradients environnementaux. Malgré le rôle clé des complexes d'espèces dans l'écologie, la diversification et l'évolution des forêts néotropicales, les forces éco-évolutives qui créent et maintiennent la diversité au sein des complexes d'espèces néotropicales restent peu connues. Nous avons exploré la variabilité génétique intraspécifique comme un continuum au sein de populations structurées d'espèces étroitement apparentées, et mesuré son rôle sur la performance individuelle des arbres à travers la croissance dans le temps, tout en tenant compte des effets d'un environnement finement caractérisé au niveau abiotique et biotique. En combinant des inventaires forestiers, des données topographiques, des traits fonctionnels foliaires et des données de capture de gènes dans la station de recherche de Paracou, en Guyane Française, nous avons utilisé la génomique des populations, les analyses d'associations environnementales et génomiques, et la modélisation Bayésienne sur les complexes d'espèces Symphonia et Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Nous avons montré que les complexes d'espèces d'arbres couvrent l’ensemble des gradients locaux de topographie et de compétition présents dans le site d'étude alors que la plupart des espèces qui les composent présentent une différenciation de niche marquée le long de ces mêmes gradients. Plus précisément, dans les complexes d'espèces étudiés, la diminution de la disponibilité en eau, par exemple depuis les bas-fonds jusqu’aux plateaux, a entraîné une modification des traits fonctionnels foliaires, depuis des stratégies d'acquisition à des stratégies conservatrices, tant entre les espèces qu'au sein de celles-ci. Les espèces de Symphonia sont génétiquement adaptées à la distribution de l'eau et des nutriments, elles coexistent donc localement en exploitant un large gradient d'habitats locaux. Inversement, les espèces d'Eschweilera sont différentiellement adaptées à la chimie du sol et évitent les habitats les plus humides et hydromorphes. Enfin, les génotypes individuels des espèces de Symphonia sont différentiellement adaptés pour se régénérer et croître en réponse à la fine dynamique spatio-temporelle des trouées forestières, avec des stratégies adaptatives de croissance divergentes le long des niches de succession. Par conséquent, la topographie et la dynamique des trouées forestières entraînent des adaptations spatio-temporelles à fine échelle des individus au sein et entre les espèces des complexes d'espèces Symphonia et Eschweilera. Je suggère que les adaptations à la topographie et à la dynamique des trouées forestières favorisent la coexistence des individus au sein et entre les espèces des complexes d'espèces, et peut-être plus généralement entre les espèces d'arbres de forêts matures. Dans l'ensemble, je soutiens le rôle primordial des individus au sein des espèces dans la diversité des forêts tropicales, et suggère que nous devrions élaborer une théorie de l'écologie des communautés en commençant par les individus, car les interactions avec les environnements se produisent après tout au niveau de l’individu
Tropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, a fact that remains partly unexplained and the origin of which is subject to debate. Even at the hectare-scale, tropical forests shelter species-rich genera with closely-related tree species coexisting in sympatry. Due to phylogenetic constraints, closely related species are expected to have similar niches and functional strategies, which raises questions on the mechanisms of their local coexistence. Closely related species may form a species complex, defined as morphologically similar species that share large amounts of genetic variation due to recent common ancestry and hybridization, and that can result from ecological adaptive radiation of species segregating along environmental gradients. Despite the key role of species complexes in Neotropical forest ecology, diversification, and evolution, little is known of the eco-evolutionary forces creating and maintaining diversity within Neotropical species complexes. We explored the intraspecific genomic variability as a continuum within structured populations of closely related species, and measured its role on individual tree performance through growth over time, while accounting for effects of a finely-characterized environment at the abiotic and biotic level. Combining tree inventories, LiDAR-derived topographic data, leaf functional traits, and gene capture data in the research station of Paracou, French Guiana, we used population genomics, environmental association analyses, genome-wide association studies and Bayesian modelling on the tree species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. We showed that the species complexes of Neotropical trees cover all local gradients of topography and competition and are therefore widespread in the study site whereas most of the species within them exhibit pervasive niche differentiation along these same gradients. Specifically, in the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia, the decrease in water availability due to higher topographic position, e.g., from bottomlands to plateaus, has led to a change in leaf functional traits from acquisitive strategies to conservative strategies, both among and within species. Symphonia species are genetically adapted to the distribution of water and nutrients, hence they coexist locally through exploiting a broad gradient of local habitats. Conversely, Eschweilera species are differentially adapted to soil chemistry and avoid the wettest, hydromorphic habitats. Last but not least, individual tree genotypes of Symphonia species are differentially adapted to regenerate and thrive in response to the fine spatio-temporal dynamics of forest gaps with divergent adaptive growth strategies along successional niches. Consequently, topography and the dynamics of forest gaps drive fine-scale spatio-temporal adaptations of individuals within and among distinct but genetically connected species within the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Fine-scale topography drives genetic divergence and niche differentiation with genetic adaptations among species, while forest gap dynamics maintains genetic diversity with divergent adaptive strategies within species. I suggest that adaptations of tree species and individuals to topography and dynamics of forest gaps promote coexistence within and among species within species complexes, and perhaps among mature forest tree species outside species complexes. Overall, I defend the primordial role of individuals within species in tropical forest diversity, suggesting that we should develop a theory of community ecology starting with individuals, because interactions with environments happen after all at the individual level
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Smith, Gordon R. "Adaptation in the organization and behavior the U.S.D.A. Forest Service /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5537.

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Stoner, David C. "Cougar Exploitation Levels in Utah: Implications for Demographic Structure, Metapopulation Dynamics, and Population Recover." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3789.

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Presently, eleven western states and two Canadian provinces utilize sport hunting as the primary mechanism for managing cougar (Puma concolor) populations. However, the impacts of sustained harvest on population dynamics and demographic structure arc not well understood. Additionally, the lack of cost-effective enumeration techniques and strongly conflicting societal values complicate effective management of this species. Given these concerns, the primary goals of this study were (I) to determine the effects of sustained harvest on cougar populations, and (2) estimate the level and extent of cougar harvest statewide. I monitored cougar populations on Monroe Mountain in south-central Utah, and in the Oquirrh Mountains of north-central Utah from 1999 to 2003. Over this interval the Monroe population was subjected to heavy annual removals and was characterized demographically by a younger age structure. low survival and fecundity, and declining density. In contrast , the Oquirrh Mountain population was partially protected and exhibited an older age distribution, relatively high survival and fecundity, and static density. To examine the statewide distribution of sport hunting, I mapped the locations of all cougars legally harvested from I 996-200 I, and calculated harvest rates by watershed (# cougars killed I yr I I 00 km2) . Population trends derived on the st udy sites under known harvest regimes were used as benchmarks and compared with rates calculated for occupied cougar habitat across the state. This provided an index of where cougar populations were stable or declining as a result of hunting pressure. Results from this research suggest heavy, sustained harvest can have significant impacts on cougar population dynamics and demographics. Patterns of recruitment resemble a source-sink population structure due in part to spatially variable management strategies. Moreover, these results indicate during the later I 990s, most of the statewide population was exploited at levels equal to or surpass ing those measured on Monroe Mountain. Because cougar density and habitat characteristics vary across management units, the temporal scale of population recovery will most likely depend on the interaction of harvest regime, productivity of unexploited populations, and landscape connectivity.
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Yelle, Véronique. "Social Perception of Ecosystem Management in Québec's Black Spruce Forest : Can large harvests emulating fire be acceptable to forest users, stakeholders and the uninformed public ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29770/29770.pdf.

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Comme ailleurs en Amérique du Nord, le Québec a pris le virage de l’aménagement forestier écosystémique, basé sur l’émulation des perturbations naturelles afin de diminuer l’impact de la récolte forestière sur les écosystèmes. En imitant les perturbations naturelles en sévérité, fréquence et répartition spatiale, l’aménagement écosystémique vise à garder l’écosystème forestier à l’intérieur de ses limites de variabilité naturelle. Dans la pessière noire à mousses, la principale perturbation naturelle étant le feu, l’aménagement écosystémique pour cet écosystème implique la réalisation de très grandes coupes de type totale. Toutefois, cette forme particulière d’aménagement écosystémique pourrait rencontrer des défis d’acceptabilité sociale en raison de la taille et du type des coupes en résultant puisque les grandes coupes à blanc sont très mal perçues par la population. Afin d’assurer la réussite de l’aménagement écosystémique pour cet écosystème et de répondre aux exigences de l’aménagement forestier durable, il importe d’en documenter l’acceptabilité sociale et au besoin, de le moduler afin de répondre aux valeurs de la population. Ce projet de recherche investigue la perception de l’aménagement écosystémique de la pessière noire qu’ont les utilisateurs du milieu forestier, les parties prenantes impliquées dans un processus de participation à la planification forestière et de gens non affiliés, de type grand public. Dans un premier temps, pour chacun de ces groupes, l’acceptabilité des paysages résultant de possibles traitements sylvicoles écosystémiques est documentée, sur le plan visuel à l’aide d’un sondage. Il en ressort que certains traitements de rétention variable atténuent efficacement les impacts visuels des agglomérations de coupes dans le moyen plan. Dans un deuxième temps, l’acceptabilité de la stratégie est explorée auprès des parties prenantes au processus de participation via des entretiens individuels. La stratégie s’est révélée assez accepta le, surtout en comparaison des options actuelles, quoique des modulations semblent nécessaires pour les territoires fauniques structurés. Finalement, la perception de la stratégie par des répondants de type grand public est investiguée au moyen de groupes de discussion. Les résultats démontrent que les répondants se sont appropriés les bases de l’aménagement écosystémique et ont identifié des balises afin de construire l’acceptabilité sociale de la stratégie en pessière.
Quebec has recently embarked on the transition toward ecosystem management, which is la type of forest management that is based on the emulation of natural disturbances in order to decrease the impacts of timber harvesting on the ecosystem. By mimicking natural disturbances in severity, frequency and intensity, ecosystem management aims at keeping the ecosystem within the limits of its natural variability. In the black spruce forest, where the main natural disturbance is wildfire, ecosystem management is implemented in the form of extensive harvests in which all mature trees are cut. While this form of management has a strong environmental component, it faces social acceptability challenges given that people generally dislike large-scale clearcutting. Therefore, the long-term success of ecosystem management in the boreal black spruce forest will depend on the degree to which it can respond to and adapt to the population’s values where required. The population maintains a wide range of relationships with this ecosystem and can be divided into three main groups: forest users, stakeholders involved in a participative planning process, and unaffiliated and uninformed members of the general public. This research project investigates the diverse perceptions of ecosystem management held by each of these three groups. Conducted as a survey, the first part of the study examined the visual acceptability of ecosystemic sylvicultural treatments, and found that certain variable retention treatments were considered to be able to mitigate the agglomerations’ visual impacts in the middle ground. Then, the acceptability of ecosystem management strategy, as already implemented as a pilot project, is explored for the stakeholders by means of individual interviews. Here, ecosystem management, as a strategy for the black spruce forest, was well received, especially in comparison to the available alternatives and despite a high demand for adjustments in the case of controlled wildlife territories. Finally, the social perception of the ecosystem management strategy for unaffiliated and uninformed general public type people is explored through focus groups. Results show that participants were able to fully understand the theoretical basis of ecosystem management and to identify milestones enabling to build the strategy’s social acceptability for the black spruce forest.
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7

Gautam, Shuva Hari. "Exploring wood procurement system agility to improve the forest products industry’s competitiveness." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26319.

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Les difficultés vécus par l'industrie canadienne des produits forestiers dans la dernière décennie l’ont amené vers une transformation importante. L'innovation dans les produits et les processus est encore nécessaire afin de maximiser la valeur économique des ressources forestières. Cette thèse se concentre sur le les systèmes d'approvisionnement en bois de l’industrie forestière qui est responsable de la récolte et de la livraison des matières premières de la forêt vers les usines. Les entreprises les plus compétitives sont celles qui peuvent fournir les bons produits aux bons clients au bon moment. L'agilité du système d'approvisionnement en bois devient ainsi une des caractéristiques nécessaires à la compétitivité. Les objectifs de la thèse sont d'identifier les possibilités d'améliorer l'agilité du système d'approvisionnement en bois, de quantifier les gains potentiels et de proposer un mécanisme dans le but d’anticiper son impact à long terme. L’agilité est la capacité des systèmes d'approvisionnement en bois à répondre rapidement et efficacement à des fluctuations inattendues de la demande. Premièrement, nous identifions les capacités requises par le système d'approvisionnement en bois qui permettent l'agilité; ensuite, nous examinons la littérature portant sur les systèmes d'approvisionnement en bois pour trouver des signes de ces capacités. Suite à cette étape, une opportunité d'améliorer l'agilité des systèmes d'approvisionnement a été identifiée. Celle-ci implique une plus grande flexibilité dans le choix des traitements sylvicoles au niveau opérationnel afin de mieux aligner l'offre avec la demande. Une expérimentation a été menée en utilisant des données industrielles pour quantifier les avantages potentiels associés à l'approche. Dans les scénarios avec flexibilité permise, des profits significativement plus élevés et des taux plus élevés de satisfaction de la demande ont été observés. Ensuite, un système de simulation-optimisation de la planification hiérarchique a été développé pour étudier l'influence de la flexibilité au niveau opérationnel sur l'approvisionnement en bois à long terme. Le système a été mis en œuvre en utilisant les données hypothétiques d'une forêt du domaine public québécois pour un horizon de 100 ans. Le système développé a permis de mesurer les impacts à courts et à long terme des décisions d'approvisionnement. Il devrait permettre de mieux intégrer les pratiques d’aménagements forestiers avec les besoins de la chaîne d’approvisionnement.
The significant downfall experienced by the Canadian forest products industry in the past decade has catalyzed the industry into a process of transformation. A concerted effort to maximize economic value from forest resources through innovation in both products and processes is currently underway. This thesis focuses on process innovation of wood procurement systems (WPS). WPS includes upstream processes and actors in the forest products supply chain, responsible for procuring and delivering raw materials from forests to manufacturing mills. The competitiveness of the industry depends on the agility of WPS to deliver the right product to the right customer at the right time. The specific aims of the thesis are to identify opportunities to improve wood procurement system agility, quantify the potential improvement in performance and propose a mechanism to anticipate its long-term impact. Agility is the ability to respond promptly and effectively to unexpected short-term fluctuation in demand. We first identify the capabilities a WPS needs to possess in order to enable agility; we then review the literature in the WPS domain to search for evidence of these capabilities. An opportunity to improve agility of WPS was then identified. It entailed providing managers with flexibility in the choice of silvicultural treatments at the operational level to permit better alignment of supply with the prevailing demand. An experiment was conducted using industry data to quantify the potential benefits associated with the approach. In scenarios where flexibility was permitted, significantly higher profits and demand fulfillment rates were observed. Next, a simulation-optimization system for hierarchical forest management planning was developed to examine the influence of operational level silvicultural flexibility on long-term wood supply. The system was implemented to a forest management unit in Québec in a rolling planning horizon basis for a 100 year horizon. The system demonstrated a capability to measure short and long-term impacts of supply decisions. It will prove to be a useful tool to better integrate forest management practices and supply chain needs.
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8

Rijal, Baburam. "A forest management decision support system for sustainable management of flammable boreal forest landscapes : an integrated policy approach to timber harvest planning." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27722.

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Les feux sont un phénomène naturel dans la forêt boréale du Canada. Ils sont étroitement liés à la croissance et au développement de cet écosystème. Cependant, l’augmentation des activités anthropiques associées au changement climatique graduel peuvent provoquer un accroissement des épisodes de feux. Un tel accroissement pourrait avoir des effets indési-rables sur l'industrie forestière en raison d’une rupture de l'approvisionnement en bois sur une période de planification à long terme. Cette thèse explore une approche alternative pour concevoir des stratégies qui réduiront l'impact potentiel des feux de forêt sur les revenus à long terme générés par la vente de produits forestiers ciblés, et ce, au moyen d’une politique d’aménagement forestier spécifique. L'étude est basée sur les données de trois unités d’aménagement forestier localisées dans la région boréale de la province de Québec au Ca-nada. Les modèles de politique de planification de la récolte forestière ont été résolus en utilisant la programmation linéaire intégrée avec un taux de brûlage constant. Les options de récolte prescrites par les modèles de planification ont été évaluées à l’aide d’un modèle de simulation de paysage intégré avec un taux de brûlage stochastique. Parmi les quatre modèles pris en compte, le modèle verticalement intégré (modèle 4) a géné-ré les revenus les plus élevés tout en ayant les variations les moins importantes de revenu au sein et entre les périodes pour l'horizon de planification. Ce modèle a permis de maximiser la valeur actuelle nette des recettes provenant de la vente de produits de première transfor-mation pour les deux premières périodes soumis à une récolte forestière constante et à des volumes de bois récupérés durant une période de planification complète. Les revenus plus élevés et les variations plus faibles suggèrent que le modèle peut réduire le risque des im-pacts des feux de forêt sur les revenus comparativement aux trois autres modèles, y compris le modèle de rendement soutenu qui maximise le volume de la récolte soumis à des flux constants du volume de récolte durant une période de planification (modèle 1). L'analyse des dépenses de gestion des incendies a démontré que l’augmentation de telles dépenses peut réduire le coût de lutte contre les feux et augmenter les revenus de la récolte tout en diminuant la variabilité. Cependant, il y a un niveau optimal de dépense qui dépend de la structure forestière et des régimes de feux. Par conséquent, une répartition optimale des dépenses de prévention peut réduire le risque d'impact du feu sur l’économie forestière à long terme. La pérennité des écosystèmes est importante en gestion forestière. Par conséquent, l'intégri-té écologique est de plus en plus préoccupante en ce qui concerne les forêts publiques cana-diennes qui sont aménagées à des fins commerciales. La mise en œuvre d’une politique de récolte exigeant la conservation des vieilles forêts tout en tenant compte de l'impact poten-tiel du feu peut avoir des effets négatifs sur les revenus. Les impacts peuvent être réduits en choisissant une politique de gestion forestière alternative. La réduction des revenus à court terme peut être compensée par des retours à long terme générés par la valeur ajoutée asso-ciée à l'âge du bois en utilisant des politiques alternatives. Finalement, les résultats démontrent que le modèle de planification de la récolte intégrée verticalement et l’optimisation des efforts de gestion du feu peuvent accroître les revenus à moyen et à long terme de l'industrie forestière. Le modèle réduit le risque de perte de reve-nus lié à la rupture de l'approvisionnement lorsque l'impact du feu est inclus dans le proces-sus de planification. De plus, les solutions prescrites dans ce modèle aident à réduire le taux de récolte et à augmenter le volume des stocks qui peut être un coussin en prévision des feux qui surviennent de façon très variable au cours des périodes de l’horizon de planification.
Forest fire is a natural process in the boreal forest region of Canada and it is strongly con-nected to forest growth and development. Yet, increasing anthropogenic activities coupled with gradual climate change can increase fire occurrence and area burned. Such an increase may cause adverse impacts on the forest-based economy by the potential disruption of tim-ber supply over a long-term planning horizon. This thesis explores an alternative approach to designing strategies to reduce the potential impact of fire on long-term revenues generated by the sale of prescribed harvest products using a specified forest management policy. The study is based on data from three commercially-managed forests located in the boreal forest region of the province of Quebec, Canada. The harvest planning policy models were solved using a constant average annual burn rate-embedded in a linear programming model. The harvest solutions prescribed by the planning model were evaluated by implementing them in a stochastic landscape simulation model. Among the four policy models examined, vertically integrated model (model 4) generated the highest revenue with the least within- and among-period variation in revenue over the planning horizon. This model maximized the net present value from the sale of primary-processed wood products for the first two periods subjecting to the constant flows of har-vest timber and recovered lumber volumes for an entire planning horizon. The higher reve-nue and lower variation suggest that the model can have lower risk of fire impacts on reve-nue compared with the other three models including the status quo sustained-yield policy model (model 1) that maximizes harvest timber volume subject to constant flows of the harvest volume over the planning horizon. Analysis of fire management expenditures demonstrated that increased presuppression ex-penditure can reduce suppression costs and increase the revenue from the harvest while lowering the variability. However, there is an optimal level of expenditure, which depends on the structure of the forest and fire regimes. Hence, an optimal allocation of presuppres-sion expenditure can reduce the risk of the fire on the long-term economics of the forest. Ecosystem sustainability is important for forest management. Therefore, ecological integrity is of increasing concern with respect to commercially-managed public forests in Canada. Implementation of a harvest policy with strict requirement of old-growth forest area con-straint while accounting for the possible impact of fire can have adverse impacts on reve-nue. The impacts can be reduced by selecting alternative forest management policies. The short-term reduction in revenue from harvests can be compensated for by long-term eco-nomic returns provided by age-related value accumulation of the harvest timber using alter-native policies. Finally, based on the results, the vertically integrated harvest planning model coupled with optimal fire management efforts can increase long-term average revenue to wood industry. The model lowers the risk of loss of revenue due to supply disruptions when the impact of fire is accounted for in the planning process. In addition, the solutions prescribed by this model help reduce the harvest rate and increase stock volume which can act as a buffer for the highly variable potential fires in the successive periods over a planning horizon.
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9

Hassegawa, Mariana, and Mariana Hassegawa. "Restoration of the hardwood forest : a profitability approach." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27629.

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En Amérique du Nord, la préférence pour la récolte des arbres vigoureux et de gros diamètre a amené les forêts feuillues à un état d’appauvrissement. Ces forêts sont composées de grandes quantités de tiges de faible qualité et d’essences moins prisées par l’industrie. Conséquemment, le secteur forestier doit composer avec une grande quantité de matière première de faible qualité, ce qui entraîne une augmentation des coûts d’opération et cause la production des forts volumes de résidus qui doivent être valorisés. Cette situation force l’industrie à rechercher des solutions pour l’utilisation de grandes quantités de bois de faible qualité abondamment disponibles en forêt afin d’augmenter la rentabilité de ses opérations. Une option serait de miser sur les produits de haute valeur ajoutée qui pourraient être extraits à partir des résidus des scieries. Ces produits incluent les extraits de bouleau jaune (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), lesquels ont du potentiel pour l’utilisation dans les industries nutraceutique, cosméceutique et pharmaceutique. Les produits de haute valeur ajoutée, intégrés dans l’industrie des produits traditionnels, peuvent augmenter la rentabilité de la chaîne de valeur, surtout si les résidus sont utilisés comme matière première. Afin de comprendre le potentiel et les limites de cette approche, cette étude a évalué les facteurs qui influencent la valeur monétaire de sciage, proposant ensuite une utilisation alternative pour le bois de faible qualité et l’écorce provenant des forêts feuillues de la province de Québec au Canada. Cette étude a été structurée en trois parties : l’évaluation de la relation entre la valeur monétaire des sciages et les caractéristiques du peuplement, de la station et du climat; l’évaluation de la relation entre la quantité d’extraits de bois et d’écorce du bouleau jaune et des caractéristiques des arbres et; l’évaluation de l’inclusion d’un produit à haute valeur ajoutée dans la chaîne de création valeur. Dans la première partie, la valeur monétaire des sciages du bouleau jaune et de l’érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) a été utilisée comme indicateur de la qualité du peuplement. Les résultats ont démontré que des patrons géographiques de variation de la valeur monétaire des sciages existaient à travers la province. Cette variation pourrait être attribuée en partie aux caractéristiques du peuplement, de la station et du climat local. Même s’il persiste de l’incertitude quant à l’effet de l’historique d’aménagement forestier, on croit que la production d’arbres de haute qualité devrait être priorisée aux endroits où la valeur monétaire des bois sur pied est la plus grande. Dans la deuxième partie, les analyses réalisées pour quantifier les extraits du bois et de l’écorce ont fourni une compréhension plus approfondie du potentiel du bouleau jaune pour les produits non traditionnels à haute valeur ajoutée. Dans la troisième partie, la rentabilité d’une coupe de jardinage a été évaluée, en plus du profit potentiel de production de la bétuline et l’inclusion de cet extrait dans la chaîne de valeur du bois. Dans certains cas, la coupe de jardinage a été très peu rentable, surtout lorsqu’appliquée dans les peuplements qui étaient composés des grandes quantités de tiges de faible qualité. Dans de tels cas, les produits à haute valeur ajoutée, comme la bétuline, pourraient augmenter les profits et, par le fait même, ajouter de la valeur à la ressource forestière. La diversification des produits est une approche qui pourrait être envisagée par l’industrie forestière pour augmenter sa résilience et promouvoir une sylviculture respectant les règles de l’art.
En Amérique du Nord, la préférence pour la récolte des arbres vigoureux et de gros diamètre a amené les forêts feuillues à un état d’appauvrissement. Ces forêts sont composées de grandes quantités de tiges de faible qualité et d’essences moins prisées par l’industrie. Conséquemment, le secteur forestier doit composer avec une grande quantité de matière première de faible qualité, ce qui entraîne une augmentation des coûts d’opération et cause la production des forts volumes de résidus qui doivent être valorisés. Cette situation force l’industrie à rechercher des solutions pour l’utilisation de grandes quantités de bois de faible qualité abondamment disponibles en forêt afin d’augmenter la rentabilité de ses opérations. Une option serait de miser sur les produits de haute valeur ajoutée qui pourraient être extraits à partir des résidus des scieries. Ces produits incluent les extraits de bouleau jaune (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), lesquels ont du potentiel pour l’utilisation dans les industries nutraceutique, cosméceutique et pharmaceutique. Les produits de haute valeur ajoutée, intégrés dans l’industrie des produits traditionnels, peuvent augmenter la rentabilité de la chaîne de valeur, surtout si les résidus sont utilisés comme matière première. Afin de comprendre le potentiel et les limites de cette approche, cette étude a évalué les facteurs qui influencent la valeur monétaire de sciage, proposant ensuite une utilisation alternative pour le bois de faible qualité et l’écorce provenant des forêts feuillues de la province de Québec au Canada. Cette étude a été structurée en trois parties : l’évaluation de la relation entre la valeur monétaire des sciages et les caractéristiques du peuplement, de la station et du climat; l’évaluation de la relation entre la quantité d’extraits de bois et d’écorce du bouleau jaune et des caractéristiques des arbres et; l’évaluation de l’inclusion d’un produit à haute valeur ajoutée dans la chaîne de création valeur. Dans la première partie, la valeur monétaire des sciages du bouleau jaune et de l’érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) a été utilisée comme indicateur de la qualité du peuplement. Les résultats ont démontré que des patrons géographiques de variation de la valeur monétaire des sciages existaient à travers la province. Cette variation pourrait être attribuée en partie aux caractéristiques du peuplement, de la station et du climat local. Même s’il persiste de l’incertitude quant à l’effet de l’historique d’aménagement forestier, on croit que la production d’arbres de haute qualité devrait être priorisée aux endroits où la valeur monétaire des bois sur pied est la plus grande. Dans la deuxième partie, les analyses réalisées pour quantifier les extraits du bois et de l’écorce ont fourni une compréhension plus approfondie du potentiel du bouleau jaune pour les produits non traditionnels à haute valeur ajoutée. Dans la troisième partie, la rentabilité d’une coupe de jardinage a été évaluée, en plus du profit potentiel de production de la bétuline et l’inclusion de cet extrait dans la chaîne de valeur du bois. Dans certains cas, la coupe de jardinage a été très peu rentable, surtout lorsqu’appliquée dans les peuplements qui étaient composés des grandes quantités de tiges de faible qualité. Dans de tels cas, les produits à haute valeur ajoutée, comme la bétuline, pourraient augmenter les profits et, par le fait même, ajouter de la valeur à la ressource forestière. La diversification des produits est une approche qui pourrait être envisagée par l’industrie forestière pour augmenter sa résilience et promouvoir une sylviculture respectant les règles de l’art.
The historical preference for harvesting vigorous and large-diameter trees from stands in North America resulted in a forest mainly composed of poor-quality stems of less valuable species that present lower growth potential. As a result, the forestry sector has to work with large quantities of low-quality raw material, increasing operation costs and producing large amounts of residues. This situation forces the industry to find solutions to use the abundant quantity of low-quality wood available in forest stands to increase profits. One option is the high value-added products that could be extracted from sawmill residues. These products include yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) extracts that have the potential to be used in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The enhanced products, when integrated with the traditional products industry, could increase profit of the wood value chain, especially if residues are used as raw material. In order to better understand the potential and limitations of this option, this study assessed the factors that influence lumber value, and proposed an alternative use for the abundant low-value wood and bark available in the province of Quebec, Canada. Structured in three parts, this work first studied the relationship between stand, site and climatic variables and stand quality, using lumber value recovery (LVR) of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch as surrogate variable. In the second part, the relationship between extracts content in wood and bark of yellow birch trees with selected tree characteristics was assessed. This allowed a better understanding of the potential of yellow birch extracts as a high-value added product. In the third and final part, the potential impact of integrating a high-value added product to the processing of traditional wood products was evaluated. For this, the profitability of a selection cut was analysed, the potential financial gain of producing betulin extract was assessed, and finally, the inclusion of betulin extracts in a hardwood chain was evaluated. Results from the ensemble of this thesis show that variations in LVR could be attributed to in part to stand, site and climatic conditions. Although it remains uncertain as to what extent the variability of LVR might result from past management practices or from inherent site characteristics, we believe that efforts to produce high-quality lumber should be prioritized in sites where LVR is predicted to be the highest. In addition, simulations showed that tested selection cuts in some cases generated very little profit, especially when forest stands were composed of great quantities of low-quality stems. In this situation, the production of high value-added products, such as betulin extracts, could be an interesting alternative to increase profits, contributing to add value to the existing forest resource. The product diversification is a pathway that could be explored by the forest industry to improve its resilience and promote a more efficient use of the resources.
The historical preference for harvesting vigorous and large-diameter trees from stands in North America resulted in a forest mainly composed of poor-quality stems of less valuable species that present lower growth potential. As a result, the forestry sector has to work with large quantities of low-quality raw material, increasing operation costs and producing large amounts of residues. This situation forces the industry to find solutions to use the abundant quantity of low-quality wood available in forest stands to increase profits. One option is the high value-added products that could be extracted from sawmill residues. These products include yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) extracts that have the potential to be used in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The enhanced products, when integrated with the traditional products industry, could increase profit of the wood value chain, especially if residues are used as raw material. In order to better understand the potential and limitations of this option, this study assessed the factors that influence lumber value, and proposed an alternative use for the abundant low-value wood and bark available in the province of Quebec, Canada. Structured in three parts, this work first studied the relationship between stand, site and climatic variables and stand quality, using lumber value recovery (LVR) of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch as surrogate variable. In the second part, the relationship between extracts content in wood and bark of yellow birch trees with selected tree characteristics was assessed. This allowed a better understanding of the potential of yellow birch extracts as a high-value added product. In the third and final part, the potential impact of integrating a high-value added product to the processing of traditional wood products was evaluated. For this, the profitability of a selection cut was analysed, the potential financial gain of producing betulin extract was assessed, and finally, the inclusion of betulin extracts in a hardwood chain was evaluated. Results from the ensemble of this thesis show that variations in LVR could be attributed to in part to stand, site and climatic conditions. Although it remains uncertain as to what extent the variability of LVR might result from past management practices or from inherent site characteristics, we believe that efforts to produce high-quality lumber should be prioritized in sites where LVR is predicted to be the highest. In addition, simulations showed that tested selection cuts in some cases generated very little profit, especially when forest stands were composed of great quantities of low-quality stems. In this situation, the production of high value-added products, such as betulin extracts, could be an interesting alternative to increase profits, contributing to add value to the existing forest resource. The product diversification is a pathway that could be explored by the forest industry to improve its resilience and promote a more efficient use of the resources.
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10

Paradis, Gregory. "Hierarchical forest management planning : a bilevel wood supply modelling approach." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27060.

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Le processus de planification forestière hiérarchique présentement en place sur les terres publiques risque d’échouer à deux niveaux. Au niveau supérieur, le processus en place ne fournit pas une preuve suffisante de la durabilité du niveau de récolte actuel. À un niveau inférieur, le processus en place n’appuie pas la réalisation du plein potentiel de création de valeur de la ressource forestière, contraignant parfois inutilement la planification à court terme de la récolte. Ces échecs sont attribuables à certaines hypothèses implicites au modèle d’optimisation de la possibilité forestière, ce qui pourrait expliquer pourquoi ce problème n’est pas bien documenté dans la littérature. Nous utilisons la théorie de l’agence pour modéliser le processus de planification forestière hiérarchique sur les terres publiques. Nous développons un cadre de simulation itératif en deux étapes pour estimer l’effet à long terme de l’interaction entre l’État et le consommateur de fibre, nous permettant ainsi d’établir certaines conditions pouvant mener à des ruptures de stock. Nous proposons ensuite une formulation améliorée du modèle d’optimisation de la possibilité forestière. La formulation classique du modèle d’optimisation de la possibilité forestière (c.-à-d., maximisation du rendement soutenu en fibre) ne considère pas que le consommateur de fibre industriel souhaite maximiser son profit, mais suppose plutôt la consommation totale de l’offre de fibre à chaque période, peu importe le potentiel de création de valeur de celle-ci. Nous étendons la formulation classique du modèle d’optimisation de la possibilité forestière afin de permettre l’anticipation du comportement du consommateur de fibre, augmentant ainsi la probabilité que l’offre de fibre soit entièrement consommée, rétablissant ainsi la validité de l’hypothèse de consommation totale de l’offre de fibre implicite au modèle d’optimisation. Nous modélisons la relation principal-agent entre le gouvernement et l’industrie à l’aide d’une formulation biniveau du modèle optimisation, où le niveau supérieur représente le processus de détermination de la possibilité forestière (responsabilité du gouvernement), et le niveau inférieur représente le processus de consommation de la fibre (responsabilité de l’industrie). Nous montrons que la formulation biniveau peux atténuer le risque de ruptures de stock, améliorant ainsi la crédibilité du processus de planification forestière hiérarchique. Ensemble, le modèle biniveau d’optimisation de la possibilité forestière et la méthodologie que nous avons développée pour résoudre celui-ci à l’optimalité, représentent une alternative aux méthodes actuellement utilisées. Notre modèle biniveau et le cadre de simulation itérative représentent un pas vers l’avant en matière de technologie de planification forestière axée sur la création de valeur. L’intégration explicite d’objectifs et de contraintes industrielles au processus de planification forestière, dès la détermination de la possibilité forestière, devrait favoriser une collaboration accrue entre les instances gouvernementales et industrielles, permettant ainsi d’exploiter le plein potentiel de création de valeur de la ressource forestière.
The hierarchical forest management (HFM) planning process on public land may currently be failing on two levels. At the top level, HFM may not be providing credible assurance of long-term sustainability of timber supply and forest ecosystem integrity. At a lower level, HFM may be failing to fully realise the value-creation potential from timber-harvesting activities by over-constraining the harvest planning problem. These failures can be traced back to unrealistic assumptions implicitly embedded into long-term wood supply optimisation models, which may explain why this problem has received little attention in the literature. We model the hierarchical forest management planning process as a two-phase rolling-horizon iterative principal-agent problem, illustrate failure scenarios of the status quo planning process, and propose an improved wood supply model formulation. The classic wood supply optimisation model formulation (i.e. conventional even-flow wood supply maximisation model) does not explicitly consider the profit-maximising behaviour of the industrial fibre consumer, but instead implicitly assumes the complete consumption of the wood supply in every planning period, regardless of fibre type or value creation potential. We extend the status quo wood supply model to explicitly anticipate industrial fibre consumption behaviour, thereby improving the likelihood of the wood supply being entirely consumed in the first planning period, thus restoring the validity of the total-consumption assumption that is embedded in the long-term model formulation. We model the principal-agent relationship as a bilevel optimisation problem, where the top level (leader) represents the government wood supply planning process, and the lower level (follower) represents the timber consumption process (i.e. value creation network, or VCN). We show that the bilevel model formulation mitigates the risk of long-term wood supply failure and improves the credibility of the wood supply planning process. The bilevel wood supply model and solution methodology presented here constitute a technically feasible alternative to the methods currently used. Our bilevel model and iterative simulation framework represent a step forward in terms of value-driven forest management planning. Explicit integration of industrial objectives and constraints early on in the wood supply planning process could facilitate government-industry collaboration to realise the full value-creation potential of the public forest resource.
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Books on the topic "Organization of forest exploitation"

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Garrier, Claude. L' exploitation coloniale des forêts de Côte d'Ivoire: Une spoliation institutionnalisée. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2007.

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L' exploitation coloniale des forêts de Côte d'Ivoire: Une spoliation institutionnalisée. Paris: Harmattan, 2006.

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Fernandes, Walter. Tribal women and forest economy: Deforestation, exploitation, and status change. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute, 1987.

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Les forêts en Asie du Sud-Est: Recul et exploitation : le cas de l'Indonésie. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 1994.

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Gaudreau, Guy. L' exploitation des forêts publiques au Québec, 1842-1905. Québec: Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1986.

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Klabbers, Jan. Forest certification and the WTO. Joensuu: European Forest Institute, 1999.

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Service, Papua New Guinea National Forest. Papua New Guinea Forest Authority, National Forest Service: Revised organization structure-2000. Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea Forest Authority, 2000.

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Pitt, Michael D. Integrated forest/range research five-year plan. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1989.

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(Project), Teak-based Multistoried Agroforestry System: An Integrated Approach Towards Sustainable Development of Forests. Technical report submitted to International Tropical Timber Organization. Yangon: Ministry of Forestry, Forest Department, 2004.

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Klemp, Harold. Forest family: An illustrated ECK parable. Chanhassen, MN: Eckankar, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organization of forest exploitation"

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Wermelinger, Beat. "Exploitation of animal waste." In Forest Insects in Europe, 89–104. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003186465-6.

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Saikia, Anup. "Drivers of Forest Loss." In Over-Exploitation of Forests, 61–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01408-1_7.

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Saikia, Anup. "Conceptualizing Drivers of Forest Loss." In Over-Exploitation of Forests, 19–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01408-1_3.

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Treue, Thorsten. "The Economics of Timber Exploitation." In Politics and Economics of Tropical High Forest Management, 98–119. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0706-1_10.

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FitzGibbon, Clare D., Hezron Mogaka, and John H. Fanshawe. "Subsistence hunting and mammal conservation in a Kenyan coastal forest: resolving a conflict." In The Exploitation of Mammal Populations, 147–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1525-1_10.

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Treue, Thorsten. "Rights to Timber and Benefits from Timber Exploitation." In Politics and Economics of Tropical High Forest Management, 139–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0706-1_12.

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Dilly, Oliver, Christiane Eschenbach, Werner L. Kutsch, Ludger Kappen, and Jean Charles Munch. "Ecophysiological Key Processes in Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems." In Ecosystem Organization of a Complex Landscape, 61–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75811-2_3.

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Mata, Aitor, Belén Pérez, and Juan M. Corchado. "Forest Fires Prediction by an Organization Based System." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 135–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12384-9_17.

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Davis, M. M., Y. Chien, N. R. J. Gascoigne, and S. M. Hedrick. "Organization and Expression of the Murine T-Cell Receptor β-Chain Gene Complex." In Investigation and Exploitation of Antibody Combining Sites, 281–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5006-4_33.

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Cabiddu, Francesca, Manuel Castriotta, Maria Chiara Di Guardo, Paola Floreddu, and Daniela Pettinao. "Combining Exploitation and Exploration Through Crowdsourcing: The Case of Starbucks." In Information Systems: Crossroads for Organization, Management, Accounting and Engineering, 359–66. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2789-7_40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organization of forest exploitation"

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Ghorban, Farzin, Yu Su, Mirko Meuter, and Anton Kummert. "Insatiate boosted forest: Towards data exploitation in object detection." In 2017 13th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccp.2017.8117026.

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Rudko, Georgii, and Maksym Ozerko. "ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES DURING MINING OF FELDSPAR DEPOSITS IN UKRAINE." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/29.

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"Possible negative impacts on the environment during mining of feldspar deposits with open-pit and underground mine are defined. The main changes have been identified, which are as follows: air pollution, soil destructions, change of relief, a local decrease in groundwater level, pollution by sewage and waste. Destructions of the soil cover are fixed under the dumps of the quarry and in the path of the movement of quarry equipment. Through the development of a pit and dumps, the primary relief acquires significant changes and the action of forces caused primarily by gravity is activated, aimed at smoothing out negative and positive relief forms. An increase in the height difference from the dump ridge to the bottom of the quarry and the formation of a significant, pronounced depression of the relief redirects the surface runoff, increases its speed, and reduces infiltration into the soil. Mining development caused drainage of groundwater due to its release to the surface and evaporation. Air pollution has a bigger scale than other components of negative impacts. The main impact of mining activities is due to emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere as a result of blowing dust from the surface of dumps and emissions from quarry transport and their deposition on the soil and storage of industrial waste. The main pollutants are inorganic dust with content of SiO2 - 65-82% and Al2O3 - 11-21%. Separately, the article discusses the impact on the environment during multi-components deposits` exploitation, where feldspar concentrates are produced as by-products. Several deposits in Ukraine belong to the group: Bakhtyn (fluorite ores), Nosachivske (titanium-ilmenite ores), Perzhanske deposits of rare metals, Mazurivske (tantalum and niobium ores). Most of them are planned to be mined underground, which saves more land resources in comparison with open workings. The placement of mine shafts and industrial sites for their maintenance requires an area of about 30 hectares. All of them have a complex ore processing with the separation of several concentrates, which necessitates the use of flotation and other reagents. The development of such deposits involves the organization of tailings and circulating water supply of the processing plant."
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Liu, Zhen, Weiqiang Yang, Gangqing Pu, and Kaiwei Zhu. "Exploratory Research on Exploitation Potentials for Forest-biomass based on the Social Development." In International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-16.2016.250.

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Michlmayr, Elke. "Self-Organization for Search in Peer-to-Peer Networks: The Exploitation-Exploration Dilemma." In 2006 1st Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bimnics.2006.361796.

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Chisalita, Ion. "TIME TO CHANGE THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FOREST EXPLOITATION IN ROMANIA - A NATIONAL PRIORITY �." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.068.

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Sismanidis, Ioannis, Georgios Tasionas, Ioannis Koukoulos, Iordanis Kasapidis, and Vasileios C. Drosos. "Sustainable development and exploitation of a typical semi mountainous forest area in northern Greece." In Eighth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2020), edited by Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, Vincent Ambrosia, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2571151.

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Fitrisia, Azmi, Ernawati, and Zul Asri. "Changing Function of the Forest and Exploitation in East Coast Sumatra in Colonial Period." In 2nd Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210618.026.

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Ciornei, Laurenţiu, and Paula Munteanu. "Romanian Forest Sector Labor Force - Evolutions and Trends." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/32.

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As a trend of evolution, the labor force in the Romanian forestry sector is part of trajectory registered by the European Union, as a whole, because many of the member countries are still oriented on the traditional methods of administration, harvesting and processing. However, there are also developed countries with large forested areas (Finland, Sweden) that have embraced new technologies and adjusted management and production processes. This issue aimed, among other things, at reducing the number of people employed in the forestry sector. In Romania, increasing the number of the employees, based on the quantitative increase of jobs as result of the gross exploitation of resources, will slow down by adopting new technologies, reducing the consumption of natural resources, but also as an effect of economic shocks generated by the pandemic. For these reasons, according to our study, the low-skilled workforce will suffer, this being the most vulnerable category, as technological developments need employees with higher skills and abilities. Equally, the informal sector must be taken into account because it employs four times people more. Romania have to adopt those appropriate measures in order to help the incorporation of the labor force released from the forestry sector of resource exploitation into adjacent sustainable activities.
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IAGARU, POMPILICA. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AS MEANS OF SLOWING DOWN THE EXPLOITATION OF NONRENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s13.028.

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Smotr, Olga, Yuriy Borzov, Nazarii Burak, and Solomija Ljaskovska. "Implementation of Information Technologies in the Organization of Forest Fire Suppression Process." In 2018 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsmp.2018.8478416.

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Reports on the topic "Organization of forest exploitation"

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Hanson, Kraig. Organization of DoD Computer Network Defense, Exploitation, and Attack Forces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500822.

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