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Journal articles on the topic 'Organization of forest exploitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Sinkevich, S. M., and V. A. Ananyev. "Forest code about forest use in protected forests." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 3, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-2020-3-3-1-5.

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The description of the organization of forest exploitation in the fundamental law acts existing the last 40 years is analyzed. The role and age structure of the protective forests are briefly characterized. Need of active management for maintenance of functionality of the protective forests is formulated. The important role of forest code for development of regulatory documents and effective implementation of the concept of ecosystem services is shown.

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Vujadinovic, Snezana. "Forests as the factor of the economy development of the Raska region." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 83, no. 2 (2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0302061v.

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Forests represent the significant natural resource of the Raska region. The preservation of forests ecosystems, and space potential offer, a favourable basis for their many-functional usage. For the time being, the productive, i.e., economic function, is dominant. The forests on the territory of the Prijepolje Forest Organization present the main raw material basis. In the whole cut wood volume of Serbia (state forests), the above mentioned organization participates with 37,1%. Opposite to that fact, the economic effects that the region economy has from the forest utilization, are far less than the potentials. Forest resources are neither enough nor adequately used. That greatly complicates the development of wood industry, as well as the other activities whose prosperity is connected with forests. Making and realization of plans for protection, fending forests and utilization, constructing infrastructure, tending and preservation of wild life, rational exploitation of forest resources, are the trends of the future usage of the Raska region forest natural wealth.

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Прока, Ирина, Irina Proka, Сергей Бабынин, and Sergey Babynin. "CREATING FOREST PLANTS OF MULTI-PURPOSE RESOURCE USE BY FORESTRY METHODS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c3de3887620f5.55458216.

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Based on the results of the analysis and assessment of the problem of meeting the growing needs of resource forest management in relatively densely populated areas with developed transport infrastructure, within the framework of the developed concept of ensuring the intensification of forest reproduction and use by creating forest plantations with silvicultural methods, one of the ways to solve the problem is to develop for the practical application of the target forest management systems for the creation of forest plantations of many special purpose resources, distinguished by relatively high ecological properties, potential for efficient integrated use of forest resources, which creates the possibility (due to their use) of preserving and reducing the intensity of exploitation of valuable forest ecosystems of natural and natural economic origin. To achieve this goal, based on the use of two types of technological organization of territories of different types of forests and potential productivity of cultivated plantation stands, the interrelated implementation of all activities of the forest regeneration cycle is provided. They are organically combined with a relatively intensive multi-purpose resource forest use throughout the forest reproduction cycle. In turn, effective measures for the protection and preservation of forests are ensured by integrating them into phased measures of thinning throughout all stages of forest growth, as well as by rational organization of the creation and use of forest plantations by silvicultural methods. At the same time, measures are provided for forest users to motivate the use of forest-established forest use - the creation and operation of forest plantations, taking into account the introduction of reasonable changes to the Forest Code to expand the possibilities of planted forest growing while preserving environmentally valuable forests.

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Fayiah, M. "Uncertainties and trends in the forest policy framework in Sierra Leone: an overview of forest sustainability challenges in the post-independence era." International Forestry Review 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832952744.

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Sierr a Leone is part of the Upper Guinean Forests with a climate that enhances great floral biodiversity. The exploitation of forest resources in Sierra Leone has seen a steady increase over the years while the establishment of forest plantations has witnessed a drastic decline. The relationship between forest exploitation and plantation forest decline is broadly assumed to be influenced by population growth, weak forest policies, legislatures, forest management and monitoring policies over the past century. The paper examines forests status and forest resources policy evolution since the pre-colonial era but pays particular attention to policies developed from 1988, in the post-colonial era, and the challenges facing their implementation. The paper highlights major challenges facing the healthy and sustainable growth of forest resources in Sierra Leone. The challenges range from the attachment of the Forestry Division to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS), the overlap in ministerial mandates about forest protection, corrupt government officials, poverty, illegal logging, inadequate funding and staff, natural disaster and outdated forestry instruments. Natural factors such as climate change, drought, and landslides are considered among the issues affecting the sustainable expansion of forest resources in Sierra Leone. A flowchart of forest sustainability challenges in Sierra Leone was designed, and classified forest challenges into natural and man-made causes. The inability of the Forestry Division to become an independent body and the continued reliance of the Division on the 1988 Forestry Act to make informed decisions in the 21st century is serving as a major barrier in sustaining forests resources in Sierra Leone. Improving forest management in the country requires the collective efforts of both national and international forests protections entities and organizations. Sound forests conservation policies and adequate funding and staffing can strengthen the Forestry Division in enforcing its constitutional mandates. Adopting the best practices models from countries such as China, India and the USA will help towards the goal of managing forest resources sustainably for current and future generations.

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Wu, Jing, Feng Han, Yang Gao, and Yali Wen. "The requirements of forestry cooperative organization development in China: a case study of different stakeholder groups." Forestry Studies 59, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2013-0011.

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Abstract After China’s collective forest tenure reform, cooperation organization has played an important role on the development of community forestry. In order to analyse the different stakeholders’ opinion and suggestion on the development of forestry cooperation organization, publicizing and training, participatory interview, brainstorming, and questionnaire surveys were used in this case study. According to the results it can be seen that the real motivation for the development of cooperatives is farmers’ demands and the demands come from farmers’ pursuit of interests in forest industry. Cooperatives in China are still in the early stage of development, and the cooperative laws cannot cover all the basic features of the forestry and the cooperatives. Therefore, the relevant laws and guarantee systems for resource exploitation and management, publicity and demonstration, forestry technology training as well as the preferential policies such as tax breaks, are needed for the sound development of China’s forestry cooperation organization.

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Kormanek, Mariusz, and Dariusz Baj. "Analysis of Operation Performance in the Process of Machine Wood Harvesting with Fao Far 6840 Mini-Harvester." Agricultural Engineering 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2018-0007.

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AbstractThe article presents analysis of operation of Fao Far 6840 mini harvester for machine wood harvesting. Analysis was made based on working day timing. The investigations were carried out on the area of Lubliniec Forest Inspectorate, Bór Forestry on the habitat forest site − fresh mixed forest where pine wood was obtained with the use of a harvester. Timing was carried out based on the registration of the exploitation time of a harvester with the use of a video camera and stopwatch and measurements of the obtained size grade. Based on the obtained results low values of performance in the exploitation change time 9.61 m3·h−1, and effective performance 12.14 m3·h−1 were reported. Low machine performance was affected mainly by conditions of harvesting, low log volume (at the average 0.62 m3) and concentration of trees. The head structure (applied feed system), weak work organization (short time of a single 6 hour shift) and weak skills of the machine operator were additional factors that reduced the performance

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Tampakis, Stilianos, Veronika Andrea, Paraskevi Karanikola, and Ioannis Pailas. "The Growth of Mountain Tourism in a Traditional Forest Area of Greece." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111022.

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The recreational value of forests in mountain areas creates significant potential for local growth. Indeed, in recent decades, it has been noted that there has been an increase in the popularity of forests recognized as tourism destinations with a strong recreational importance. In the forest area of Metsovo, the locals are aware of the role of tourism in local growth, and it is considered, along with forestry and livestock farming, as the major critical advantage for sustainable development. Research Highlights: Although the locals are satisfied with the quality of their lives, they consider that mountain tourism should be enhanced with certain prerequisites, such as forest infrastructure and improvement of the road network. Background and Objectives: The case study aims to examine and interpret the locals’ views in the mountain area of Metsovo on different factors that are able to support and encourage the growth of mountain tourism. Materials and Methods: Simple random sampling was applied, and data collection took place in 2018. In order to analyze and synthesize the locals’ views, reliability, factor, and hierarchical cluster analyses were used. Results: The main findings of the survey indicate that according to the locals’ views, there is a need for strategic organization addressing primarily forest recreation infrastructures from the Forest Service. Conclusions: The locals’ views are focused on mountain tourism-related exploitation with the aim of forest recreation infrastructures. Indeed, the locals acknowledge the important role of the forest service in conservation schemes, but they also identify that there are forest recreational potentials in their area that need to be enhanced by the central administration and locally by the Forest Service.

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Abuzov, Alexandr, and Pavel Ryabukhin. "Technologies of Intermediate Felling in Difficult to Access Areas." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-4-117-130.

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The development of technologies and equipment that meet modern requirements of forest preservation and a gentle mode of forest exploitation becomes a relevant issue within the framework of the implementation of the sustainable forest management principles both at forestry enterprises and in the organization of forestry. Such technologies include developed and field-tested experimental methods of logging using balloon-rope systems for various types and methods of felling. Of particular interest is the concept of using this equipment based on the purpose logging and the environmental and forestry requirements for their implementation. The paper has informative and cognitive nature; its purpose is to provide professionals with information on new technologies and designs of specialized equipment to ensure a gentle mode of forest management and forest exploitation. The article presents the results of theoretical research on possible directions of use of balloon-rope systems when working on forest sites of specially protected natural areas. The authors propose the designs of specialized equipment for the vertical removal of trees (whips) in the process of intermediate felling on the areas with signs of hard access and ecological dependence. Such mechanisms will significantly reduce energy costs when removing branches and limbs from a standing tree and its vertical removal from the plantation. The developed designs of specialized mechanisms for skidding a vertically standing tree without its landing in the form of a grabbing, grabbingcutting and knot-cutting device with a grabber ensure the maximum possible preservation of the forest environment, since they do not cause damage to the nearby stand, the undergrowth or the soil.

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Freedman, Bill, Stephen Woodley, and Judy Loo. "Forestry practices and biodiversity, with particular reference to the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada." Environmental Reviews 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 33–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a94-003.

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The Canadian forest industries are based on the extensive harvesting and management of forests, with attendant effects on biodiversity at all levels of organization. In large part, conflicts between forestry and biodiversity occur because lands that are harvested and managed are mostly natural and seminatural ecosystems. Prior to being affected by forestry, such lands provided habitat for native species of wild life and their communities. Some of these elements of biodiversity may not find silvicultural habitats, especially plantations, to be suitable to their needs. In addition, the longer term integrity of some natural ecosystems, for example old-growth forests, is not compatible with any but the softest types of exploitation and management. This report discusses interactions of forestry and biodiversity at three levels of organization: (i) genetic variation within populations and species; (ii) the richness of species within communities; and (iii) the richness of community types on the landscape. A broader conclusion of our report is the following: If forestry systems of harvesting and management are to be practised in an ecologically sustainable fashion, then all elements of biodiversity must be accommodated within a landscape comprised of an integration of working lands and ecological reserves. The spatial scale of this integration could be various, ranging from large watersheds, to the "woodsheds" of particular industrial facilities, to provincial and national areas. Therefore, resolution of the substantial conflicts between biodiversity and forestry requires the design of ecologically sustainable landscapes that can provide a flow of timber and other valuated forest products, while still sustaining natural biodiversity resources.Key words: forest management, biodiversity, ecological reserves, eastern Canada, harvesting practices, old growth.

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Roșculeț, Gheorghe, and Daniela Sorea. "Commons as Traditional Means of Sustainably Managing Forests and Pastures in Olt Land (Romania)." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 8012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148012.

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The compossessorates in Transylvania (Romania) are traditional varieties of commons. During the inter-war period two types of compossessorates were most common in the Olt Land, between the Olt River and the Southern Carpathians: those of the former boyars and the ones owned by the former serfs. An analysis of the 1904 Austro-Hungarian Regulation on the organization and management of the commons, of the 1910 Romanian Forest Code that was implemented in Transylvania after 1918, and of the by-laws of compossessorates, derived from the aforementioned documents, unveils the concern of both legislators and members of compossessorates for the preservation, balanced exploitation and regeneration of the forest fund and their focus on sustainable management of forests. The compossessorates were disbanded upon the instauration of the communist regime in Romania and re-established after 1989. Nowadays, compossessorates in the Olt Land continue the local tradition of sustainably managing the forests and the pastures. Their activity in this regard can be improved. Collaboration of the communal schools and the university with the compossessorates, the use of the Internet to promote their image and the involvement of NGOs in their support would be effective in this respect.

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KOPNINA, HELEN. "Commodification of natural resources and forest ecosystem services: examining implications for forest protection." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 1 (November 16, 2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000436.

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SUMMARYThrough the commodification of nature, the framing of the environment as a ‘natural resource’ or ‘ecosystem service’ has become increasingly prominent in international environmental governance. The economic capture approach is promoted by international organizations such as the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). This paper will inquire as to how forest protection is related to issues of social and ecological justice, exploring whether forest exploitation based on the top-down managerial model fosters an unequitable distribution of resources. Both top-down and community-based approaches to forest protection will be critically examined and a more inclusive ethical framework to forest protection will be offered. The findings of this examination indicate the need for a renewed focus on existing examples of good practice in addressing both social and ecological need, as well as the necessity to address the less comfortable problem of where compromise appears less possible. The conclusion argues for the need to consider ecological justice as an important aspect of more socially orientated environmental justice for forest protection.

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Demydenko, O., and V. Velichko. "Self-regulation and management of fertility restoration of typical chernozem in agroecosystems." Agricultural Science and Practice 3, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp3.02.063.

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Aim. To investigate the process of enhancing the self-organization and self-regulation of chernozem towards natural organization under the impact of long-term soil-protective surface tillage and to determine its impact on enhancing the ability of chernozem to adapt to environmental changes, preserving agroecological stability of the agroecosystem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. The complex years-long studies (1992–2015) demonstrated that the com- bination of soil-protective technologies of cultivating crops in the agroecosystems is a factor of affecting the character, orientation and self-regulation of energy- and mass exchange in a complicated network of interac- tions and interrelations of chernozems in agroecosystems. The determinant and governing impact in restoring the fertility of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is soil-protective technologies of cultivating agricultural crops, based on surface tillage. The energy-wise appropriateness of creating the porous space of chernozem in conditions of soil-protective treatment should be deemed as thermodynamic code of soil formation or the process of implementing the “memory” about the morphogenicity of spatial soil form of chernozem of a high self-organization degree, which is in direct correlation with the process of enhancing the residual features of natural soil formation and accumulative orientation of fertility indices. Conclusions. The soil-protective system of agriculture should be viewed as a complex of methods and technologies of systemic or ecologically reasonable use of anthropogenic and natural energy resources. It creates the background to solve the main problem of agriculture – rational use of chernozem fertility with simultaneous extensive resto- ration, which ensures more complete use of the bioclimatic potential with optimal exploitation of natural and anthropogenic resources of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe territory.

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BALL, ALAINE A., and PEDRO H. S. BRANCALION. "Governance challenges for commercial exploitation of a non-timber forest product by marginalized rural communities." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 3 (April 20, 2016): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000072.

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SUMMARYWhile conservation and development projects focusing on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) remain popular approaches to address complex issues of livelihood improvement and conservation, governance of NTFPs is still poorly understood. In the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot of Brazil, non-governmental organizations, researchers and community leaders are encouraging the commercialization of fruit pulp-based products from the endangered palm Euterpe edulis, known as juçara, to replace income from illegal heart of palm extraction. In order to assess the governance of development of juçara pulp as an NTFP and the potential to increase conservation of juçara through management on smallholder properties, we conducted qualitative research in São Paulo State from October 2012 to October 2013. Major challenges include policy barriers, difficulties integrating production and commercialization, problematic assumptions about poverty alleviation and the inability of the most disadvantaged members of communities to benefit. These governance challenges are a function of poor access, or the ‘bundle of powers’ that enables the ability to benefit. However, engagement with juçara fruit pulp production links farmers and former poachers with sustainable agricultural concepts and with networks, changing their perceptions of conservation and enhancing ability to benefit from improved policy.

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Leoni, Juliana Menegassi, and Thatyana De Souza Marques. "CONHECIMENTO DE ARTESÃOS SOBRE AS PLANTAS UTILIZADAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ARTEFATOS - RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL AMANÃ - AM." Scientific Magazine UAKARI 4, no. 2 (February 18, 2009): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31420/uakari.v4i2.44.

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The characterization of the different traditional knowledge held by riverine communities to manage natural resources is important to better subsidize appropriate species management strategies. This study sought to: i) describe aspects of family organization and the handicraft production of two resident artisan families of Amanã lake; ii) identify their areas of resource exploitation and verify the strategies for collecting non-timber forest products to produce artifacts; and finally iii) identify the plant species involved through botanical identification. To better assess the traditional knowledge we applied the participant observation technique through visiting and staying at the studied families homes. Our results show that the production of artifacts for sale is a family labor work. The main important species used by both families are: Philodendron fragrantissimum (“cipó-ambé” – a hemiepiphyte) for the production of paneiros (a basket used for carrying manioc); she uses Ischnosiphon arouma (“arumã duro” – another hemiepiphyte) for the production of sieves; and he uses Mezilaurus itauba (a hardwood species) for the production of paddles and cleaver handles.

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Di Paola, Francesco, Elisabetta Ricciardelli, Domenico Cimini, Angela Cersosimo, Arianna Di Paola, Donatello Gallucci, Sabrina Gentile, et al. "MiRTaW: An Algorithm for Atmospheric Temperature and Water Vapor Profile Estimation from ATMS Measurements Using a Random Forests Technique." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2018): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091398.

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A new algorithm for the estimation of atmospheric temperature (T) and water vapor (WV) vertical profiles in nonprecipitating conditions is presented. The microwave random forest temperature and water vapor (MiRTaW) profiling algorithm is based on the random forest (RF) technique and it uses microwave (MW) sounding from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. Three different data sources were chosen for both training and validation purposes, namely, the ERA-Interim from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer Atmospheric Temperature Water Vapour and Surface Skin Temperature (IASI L2 v6) from the Meteorological Operational satellites of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the radiosonde observations from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA). The period from 2012 to 2016 was considered in the training dataset; particular attention was paid to the instance selection procedure, in order to reduce the full training dataset with negligible information loss. The out-of-bag (OOB) error was computed and used to select the optimal RF parameters. Different RFs were trained, one for each vertical level: 32 levels for T (within 10–1000 hPa) and 23 levels for WV (200–1000 hPa). The validation of the MiRTaW profiling algorithm was conducted on a dataset from 2017. The mean bias error (MBE) of T vertical profiles ranges within about (−0.4–0.4) K, while for the WV mixing ratio, the MBE starts at ~0.5 g/kg near the surface and decreases to ~0 g/kg at 200 hPa level, in line with the expectations.

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Shchury, М. V., and О. M. Vynnychuk. "Investment and Innovative Principles of Regenerative Properties Activation of Fauna and Flora in the Carpathian Macro-Region." Statistics of Ukraine, no. 3(78) (September 20, 2017): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.3(78).2017.03.11.

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There is an urgency and the need for the introduction of radically new principles for the formation of regenerative properties of fauna and flora. It is noted that the basis, the foundation of life on earth, as an organic and inorganic world, is the natural-resource sphere. Reproductive process in the world of plants and animals depends on how the society will be able to assure conservation, applying and protection of natural areas. Now in Ukraine in general and in the Carpathian macroregion in particular depopulation processes are intensified, and regenerative properties of flora and fauna are reduced. First of all it concerns excessive felling of the forest, drying of forest wood, the disappearance and death of many species of animals, increase their number entered in the Red Book. Essentially, society has disturbed the balance of natural resources which is one of the reasons for the intensification of cataclysms in the plant and animal world. Authors of the article have a need to radically change the attitude of human to nature. Foremost it concerns people whose activities relate to the resources of nature: businessmen, pro-government and entrepreneurial structures, local authorities and the public. It is proposed to introduce in Ukraine a European format for solving problems of use, conservation, protection of flora and fauna. At the heart of its implementation, investment and innovation principles of the organization of the natural reproduction process are recommended, which, unlike the current ones, make chaotic, unsystematic, barbarous use and exploitation of biodiversity impossible. The article states that in our country, pro-government structures and the public underestimate the innovative model of development, which is a key factor in the organization of the reproductive process in many EU countries. Requests for science in Ukraine, especially when it comes to investing in the needs of the natural resource sector, are constantly ignored. Science degrades, as convincingly testifies to permanent underfunding and the closure of research institutes by adequate state structures. This explains why in Ukraine, to date, there are no constructive, inexhaustible, balanced principles of exploitation, use, preservation, improvement and modernly organized protection of the flora and fauna, the restoration of its regenerative properties. The authors suggest developing in our country a new model of relations between people - a biocenose sphere, which should be based on the latest achievements of science and technology It is also suggested that the formation of scientific institutes by scientists, which would professionally, with the help of knowledge, provide protection and population of flora and fauna. An important component of the implementation of new principles, in connection with the reproduction of biocenosis, and the provision of a balance in the natural resource area, is adequate state financing, which would be planned, purposeful and sufficient. Investing in the needs of nature should provide the state as a guarantor for the conservation, protection and provision of a population of flora and fauna for the needs of all citizens of the country

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Espigares, T., N. Zafra-Calvo, and M. Á. Rodríguez. "What do we call Adaptive Management? A general characterization from a global sample." Web Ecology 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-8-1-2008.

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Abstract. This study presents a characterisation of the implementation of Adaptive Management (AM) from the analysis of 35 projects around the world. Our results reveal that AM projects are usually aimed at ecosystem management, conservation and restoration. Also, they mainly act upon forest or epicontinental water ecosystems and their goal is generally species exploitation and in most cases these projects act at a local scale. From a methodological point of view, most AM cases use an active approach and monitoring programs and were at the phase of problem identification. We found differences in the implementation of AM between developed and developing countries that were present in our samples in the following way: AM projects in developed countries were typically carried out by state agencies, and focused on solving problems concerning epicontinental waters and the public use of ecosystems. They had the support of national funds and used modelling techniques. In contrast, the AM projects from developing countries were mainly aimed at the conservation of natural protected areas and at the mitigation of environmental impacts derived from mining activities. The financial support of these projects was frequently provided by international organizations, and the use of modelling techniques was uncommon. For a better exploitation of all the possibilities of AM, we suggest the use of criteria to be customized to the specific needs of the socio-economic reality of every country and to monitor the results at a global scale to continuously improve this practice.

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Tekeli, Ahmet Emre, İbrahim Sönmez, Erdem Erdi, and Fatih Demir. "Validation studies of EUMETSAT's active fire monitoring product over Turkey." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 5 (2009): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07088.

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Fire detection and monitoring are challenging tasks that require continuous, early and quick responses that are as accurate as possible. Satellite-based systems are indispensable tools for operational and research agencies to accomplish such a demanding task. The frequent and continuous imagery capability of the geostationary satellites makes them the best candidate for early fire detection systems. The main purpose of the present paper is to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of active fire monitoring (FIR) products of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)’s Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite with in situ data for the summer of 2006 over Turkey. In situ data were obtained from the fire reports of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey. The main shortcomings of the MSG active fire monitoring product validation arise from the pixel resolution and fire coverage, which are examined on the basis of some recent examples. The diurnal cycle of active fires identified well with the product. The burnt area effects on the accuracy of hit ratios were also analyzed. It is seen that the possibility for the fire to be detected by MSG increases with increasing burnt area. Even with the present anomalies, remote sensing may provide a consistent systematic way of monitoring fires, removing human biases and enabling a long-term dataset, which has been a goal of Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC/GOLD).

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Jaman, M. Firoj, Md Saidur Rahman, and Muhammad Enamul Haque. "Diversity of avifauna at the Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Kotbari, Comilla." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 30 (May 24, 2012): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10746.

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The diversity of avifauna at the BARD (Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development), Comilla was studied from March, 2010 to March, 2011. A total of 41 species of birds (20 non-passerines and 21passerines) were identified. Among the total species, 37 (90.25%) were resident and 4 (9.75%) were winter migrants. Regarding to the habitat types utilized by individual species, 11 was bush dwellers, 5 at open place, 5 on human habitations, 4 on tall trees, 10 in garden, 6 found at near the pond. Relative abundance (by number) showed that 10 species were very common, 25 common, 9 fairly common and 7 few. The highest density was recorded for Passer domesticus (480.15 indiv. / acre) and the lowest was for Dicrurus macrocercus (1.29 indiv. / acre). Among these birds, 18 (43.91%) species were insectivores, 6 (14.64%) piscivores, 6 (14.64%) granivores, 2 (4.88%) frugivores, 4 (9.76%) rodentivores, only one (2.44%) nectar feeder and the rest 3 (7.32%) were mixed feeders. Among the avifauna, 8 (21.63%) species were included in the threatened category, of which 2 (5.41%) were critically endangered, 3 (8.11%) endangered and 3 (8.11%) vulnerable nationally. Direct communication with local people recorded that illegal exploitation of forest, trapping, shooting of birds and collection of young as cage birds are the mentionable causes of decline of the diversity and population of avifauna in the study area. Control of unwise exploitation, plantation of indigenous fruit-trees and creation of awareness, preparation of integrated management action plan (IMAP) and its implementation in co-operation with National and International organizations are mostly essential for conservation of avian diversity in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10746Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 41-44

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Mikhail, Kamenskikh. "Repressive Policy of the Ussr Towards Certain Peoples in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (in Particular, the Bulgarians in the Urals)." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 2 (2021): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.2.07.

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The article is devoted to studying Russian Bulgarians living in the Urals in the 1940s with the help of archive materials of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions as well as Perm Krai. During the Great Patriotic War the USS Rcitizens of Bulgarian origin, like many other peoples, were subject to repressions which meant enrollment in labour army and deporting every single Bulgarian of the Crimea. As a result of the semeasures, a significant number of Bulgarians were moved to the territory of the modern Urals. The deported Bulgarians settled in areas of logging (forest exploitation) in the north of Molotov and Sverdlovsk regions, and members of the labour army were employed in the trust organization «Chelyabmetallurgstroi». The Bulgarians were deported along with other peoples of the Crimea. They did not form compact settlement in the new areas but managed to preserve their traditional culture. Some families were even able to organize permanent lodging in the Urals, pursue a career and contribute to the development of the region. The author is convinced that the judicial legal documents kept in archives as well as field trip research results may serve as a significant but not sufficiently appreciated source of investigating the history of deporting Russian Bulgarians. The topicality of the sources grew after the year 2020 when the 75-years’ period of storing documents of the year 1945 expired. Autobiographies, biographic information, interrogation protocols enable to obtain a detailed reconstruction of deportation circumstances and the process of enrollment into labour army, and to see these events through the prism of the repressed people themselves. Researching the history of repression, inparticular – repression of the Bulgarians – has revealed how complex and controversial the policy of the soviet state towards certain peoples during the Great Patriotic War was.

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21

Sizer, Nigel C. "Tropical forest exploitation." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 7, no. 2 (February 1992): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(92)90112-o.

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22

Grigorev, Igor, Ol'ga Kunickaya, Alexey Prosuzhih, Igor Kruchinin, Dmitry Shakirzyanov, Viktoria Shvetsova, Oleg Markov, and Sergey Egipko. "Efficiency improvement of forest machinery exploitation." Diagnostyka 21, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29354/diag/122797.

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23

Lebedev, Yuriy Vladimirovitch, Valery Pavlovitch Anufriev, and Vladimir Vladimirovitch Belov. "Multi-Criteria Optimization in Forest Exploitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.549.

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In the article the multi-criteria approach at optimization of environmental management is considered as a part of the scientific basis of sustainable development of territories. The results of research of theory and practice of forest exploitation optimization in the Central Ural are presented. The basic principles of purpose formulation, of general analysis, of justification of optimization criteria and selection of methods of solving the tasks of environmental management (forest exploitation) optimization are revealed. On the basis of these scientific researches the principles of disclosure of uncertainty of optimum decisions in one-criteria tasks of forest exploitation are formulated; the mechanism of optimization by criterion of minimax risk that allows avoiding big losses of the environmental potential of forests is shown. The principles of definition of an optimum variant of forest exploitation according to reasonable concessions to extreme values of criteria of using the resource potential, preservation of environmental functions and a social role of forests are revealed.

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24

Allard, Jacques, Darrel Errico, and William J. Reed. "IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT AND OPTIMAL FOREST EXPLOITATION." Natural Resource Modeling 2, no. 4 (March 1988): 581–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.1988.tb00047.x.

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25

Gorgeu, Armelle, and René Mathieu. "Le cap « exploitation d'installations industrielles » : une seconde chance pour les non-diplômés ?" Formation Emploi 80, no. 1 (2002): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/forem.2002.2988.

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26

Boucart, Gregory. "L'exploitation forestière en Finlande//Finnish forest exploitation." Annales de Géographie 108, no. 609 (1999): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1999.2064.

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27

Fredj, Karima, Guiomar Martín-Herrán, and Georges Zaccour. "Incentive mechanisms to enforce sustainable forest exploitation." Environmental Modeling & Assessment 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2006): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10666-005-9033-3.

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28

Giovannetti, G., P. Zingari, and P. Terzolo. "EXPLOITATION OF FOREST PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH INCREASED MUSHROOM PRODUCTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 457 (July 1998): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.457.16.

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29

Jesurathnam, R., R. Devarapalli, and R. Yathiraj Kumar. "Exploitation of Non-Timber Forest Produce-Ecological Concerns." Journal of Human Ecology 10, no. 3 (May 1999): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1999.11907477.

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30

Kunitskaya, O., and I. Grigorev. "Perspective of enhanced forest exploitation by nizkotovarnoy wood." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 3 (October 15, 2014): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3933.

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31

Bartenev, Ivan. "Nature protection technologies of forest exploitation and reforestation." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4354.

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32

Kirkland, Gordon L., Thomas R. Johnston, and Paul F. Steblein. "Small mammal exploitation of a forest-clearcut interface." Acta Theriologica 30 (December 16, 1985): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.85-13.

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33

Vysochina, M. V., A. I. Sulyma, and K. A. Chernogorova. "The role of hunting enterprises in forest exploitation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 574 (October 30, 2020): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/574/1/012085.

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34

Сабиров and Ayrat Sabirov. "ORGANIZATION OF FOREST SOILS MONITORING." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22673.

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The impact of productive activity of human on the ecological balance of nature. Ecological functions of soils of forest biogeocenoses. Regional features of the ecosystems functioning, soil formation factors. Organization of the soil cover state monitoring. Environmental monitoring of forest soils. Objectives of soil monitoring of forest ecosystems. Collection of the available information on forest ecosystems. Choice of monitoring objects. Soil and environmental hospitals. Fixed trial areas. Long-term and seasonal observations of soil properties. Temporary trial areas. Soil monitoring on the route courses. The use of satellite imagery in the environmental assessment of erosive landscapes. Controlled soil indicators. Research methods of soil properties and composition of pollutants. Processing of experimental data using information technology. Mathematical models of the spread of pollutants, the interrelation between soil indicators (in the soil), between soil properties and indicators of the characteristic of forest, the evolution of forest soil. Small-scale and medium-scale regional maps of land erosion, soil contamination by chemicals. Large-scale maps of physical degradation of soils, the content of macronutrients and micronutrients, acidity, humus condition of soils. Maps are accompanied by an explanatory note (soil sketch). Maximum permissible amount of the chemicals (maximum allowable concentrations) polluting the soil. Maximum permissible loading on forest soils under anthropogenic impact. Rational use and protection of forest ecosystems.

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35

Sivolapov, D. "The economic mechanism of steady management of forest exploitation in low-forest regions." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 3 (May 29, 2014): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4206.

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36

Boomgaard, P. "Forest Management and Exploitation in Colonial Java, 1677-1897." Forest & Conservation History 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3983978.

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37

Bee, Ooi Jin. "THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST: PATTERNS OF EXPLOITATION AND TRADE." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 11, no. 2 (December 1990): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1990.tb00022.x.

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38

Freppaz, Davide, Riccardo Minciardi, Michela Robba, and Roberto Sacile. "AN OPTIMAL DYNAMIC DECISION MODEL FOR FOREST BIOMASS EXPLOITATION." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35, no. 1 (2002): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.01403.

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39

Brännlund, Runar. "Conservation or exploitation — forest policy in an evolving society." Journal of Forest Economics 10, no. 3 (November 2004): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2004.09.001.

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40

Conde, Mireia, Felip Combalia, Lluis Ollé, and Anna Bacardit. "Pine Tannin Extraction from Residues of Pine Forest Exploitation." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i6.3821.

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The main aim of this study is to use the vegetable extract obtained from the residues of pine forest exploitation as a source of tannins that, acting both as a tanning and retanning agent, can replace other vegetable extracts and chrome in leather tanning. The study thus proposes a bio resource more sustainable to use in tanning process that avoids the use of chemical products that are detrimental to our health and can have an impact on the biodegradable nature of the final tanned leather. Furthermore, in addition to the benefits of using a new, fully biodegradable tanning material (Biodegradability of vegetable tanned leather is poor than chrome tanned leather), this is a locally sourced product, which allows the carbon footprint to be notably reduced (Vegetable tanning contributes more carbon foot print than chrome tanning). Additionally, it should be possible to add value to forestry residues over a short period of time, which would undoubtedly contribute to improving forest management in Spain and would also be beneficial in many ways.

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41

Zhang, Hua, and Youmin Xi. "Exploration and Exploitation in Parallel Problem Solving." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkss.2010070105.

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In previous studies on coordinating exploration-exploitation activities, much attention has been paid on network structures while the roles played by actors’ strategic behavior have been largely ignored. In this paper, the authors extend March’s simulation model on parallel problem solving by adding structurally equivalent imitation. In this way, one can examine how the interaction of network structure with agent behavior affects the knowledge process and finally influence group performance. This simulation experiment suggests that under the condition of regular network, the classical trade-off between exploration and exploitation will appear in the case of the preferentially attached network when agents adopt structure equivalence imitation. The whole organization implicitly would be divided into independent sub-groups that converge on different performance level and lead the organization to a lower performance level. The authors also explored the performance in the mixed organization and the management implication.

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42

Bartley, Tim, and Wade T. Roberts. "RELATIONAL EXPLOITATION: THE INFORMAL ORGANIZATION OF DAY LABOR AGENCIES." WorkingUSA 9, no. 1 (March 2006): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2006.00092.x.

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43

Zhichkina, L. N., V. V. Nosov, K. A. Zhichkin, V. V. Kudryavtsev, I. A. Abdulragimov, and P. S. Burlankov. "Forest fires and forestry firefighting organization." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 052123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/677/5/052123.

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44

Medeiros, Suzana Helen da Silva, Claudete Catanhede do Nascimento, Bruno Rodrigues Oliveira, Marcos Antonio Silva de Souza, and Fernanda Barbosa Barros. "Diagnosis of hollow trees in an area of effective sustainable forest management in the Amazon forest." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss1.2926.

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The sustainable practices of Forest Management activities are used with the objective of minimizing impacts to the environment, as well as exploring tree individuals with qualities that aim at the highest volumetric yield in sawmills. However, some characteristics may not be diagnosed before logging, as is the case with hollow trees, commonly found in forested areas. Thus, the objective was to diagnose the occurrence of hollow trees in two areas of forest exploitation, for the knowledge of individuals at the family and botanical species level. In order to carry out thediagnosis of the occurrence of hollow trees, data on the effective exploitation of trees in the Company's Forest Management areas were obtained through a collection of information on two Annual Production Units - UPA, named according to the company's specification as named as UPA ITP11 and UPA FLA01. In each UPA, tree individuals were identified by gender, species, family, distribution, presence of hollowness and the basic density of their wood. The results show that in the UPA ITP11 area, 7.38% of the total trees explored, had hollowness, while in the UPA FLA01 area it was 4.88% and that the majority had high basic density. Twenty botanical families were identified in the exploration areas, where the Leguminosae family obtained the greatest representation. A total of 49 botanical species explored were identified, being Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Stanley, as basic high density wood. Regarding the frequency of occurrence of hollowness, the species Dinizia excelsa Ducke, popularly known as Angelim Vermelho, stood out for the two areas under study. However, it is shown the considerable existence of hollow trees among the trees selected for forest exploitation, reinforcing the importance of better targeting of appropriate methodologies for their identification, as well as, the better volumetric utilization of logs in sawmills, in order to certify the sustainability for the activity, regardless of the structural aspect of forestry individuals.

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45

Niţă, Mircea Aurel. "Good Governance and Forest Exploitation in Romania. A Comparative Analysis." Procedia Economics and Finance 32 (2015): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01464-1.

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46

Banerjee, Onil, and Janaki Alavalapati. "Illicit exploitation of natural resources: The forest concessions in Brazil." Journal of Policy Modeling 32, no. 4 (July 2010): 488–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2010.06.001.

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47

Stanfield, Michael Edward. "Colonization as Exploitation in the Amazon Rain Forest, 1758–1911." Hispanic American Historical Review 81, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-81-2-416.

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48

Sweet, David G., and Robin L. Anderson. "Colonization as Exploitation in the Amazon Rain Forest, 1758-1911." American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (February 2001): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652345.

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49

McCracken, Donal P. "Qudeni: The Early Commercial Exploitation of an Indigenous Zululand Forest." South African Forestry Journal 142, no. 1 (September 1987): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1987.9630288.

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50

Wiersum, K. F. "Indigenous exploitation and management of tropical forest resources: an evolutionary continuum in forest-people interactions." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 63, no. 1 (May 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(96)01124-3.

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