Books: 'Organized crime group'

1

G8 against transnational organized crime. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2008.

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2

May, Tiggey, and Bina Bhardwa. Organised Crime Groups involved in Fraud. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69401-6.

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3

Barker, Thomas. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs as Organized Crime Groups. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07431-3.

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4

The new ethnic mobs: The changing face of organized crime in America. New York: Free Press, 1996.

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5

Office, General Accounting. Nontraditional organized crime: Law enforcement officials' perspectives on five criminal groups : report to the chairman, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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6

Huston, Peter. Tongs, gangs, and triads: Chinese crime groups in North America. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1995.

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7

Xing fa shi ye xia de fan zui ji tuan yan jiu: On criminal groups in the context of penal law. Beijing: Zhongguo ren min gong an da xue chu ban she, 2009.

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8

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. Emerging criminal groups: Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, September 17 and 24, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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9

Middelburg, Bart. De godmother: De criminele carrière van Thea Moear, medeoprichter van de Bruinsma-groep. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Veen, 2000.

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10

Farber, Bernie M. From marches to modems: A report on organized hate in Metropolitan Toronto. Toronto: METRO, Access and Equity Centre, 1997.

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11

Hudson, Rex A. Terrorist and organized crime groups in the Tri-Border Area (TBA) of South America: A report. Washington, D.C: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 2003.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. U.S. international drug policy--Asian gangs, heroin, and the drug trade: Joint hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary and the Caucus on International Narcotics Control of the United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on the growing membership of Asian organized crime groups and the growing amounts of heroin coming to the United States from Burma, Laos, and Thailand, August 21, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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13

Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia boss. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2008.

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14

May, Tiggey, and Bina Bhardwa. Organised Crime Groups involved in Fraud. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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15

May, Tiggey, and Bina Bhardwa. Organised Crime Groups involved in Fraud. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

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16

Lombardo, Robert M. The Outfit. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037306.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the activities of organized crime in Chicago after 1950, with particular emphasis on the Chicago Outfit. It begins with a discussion of the Outfit's takeover of all illegal gambling in Chicago as well as its connection with Chicago mayor Ed Kelly and the political protection given to vice activities in Chicago. It then considers the often confusing relationship between the Outfit and narcotic trafficking, along with the role that African Americans played in Outfit activities, including policy gambling and the distribution of heroin in the black community. It also reviews the history of the West Side Bloc, a group of elected public officials who supported the efforts of organized crime in Chicago, and how it contributed to the rise of racket subcultures in Chicago's “street crew” neighborhoods. The chapter concludes with an assessment of government efforts against organized crime, noting that one of the reasons for the existence of organized crime was the failure of local municipalities and the national government to take effective enforcement action against it.

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17

Cooley, Will. Immigration, Ethnicity, Race, and Organized Crime. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.019.

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How immigration and ethnicity shaped delinquent youth groups (gangs) and adult organized crime syndicates (mobs) is examined. Ethnicity has played a key role in these organizations. Gangs and mobs used ethnic ties as an organizing principle to foster trust in their illicit activities. Scholars have usually applied the theory of ethnic succession to account for the changes in supremacy over the informal economy. Yet scholars have attached too much importance to the ethnic succession theory. To fully understand the underworld, scholars need to recognize interethnic cooperation, the persistence of class, and the rewards of whiteness.

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18

Lombardo, Robert M. The Forty-Two Gang. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037306.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at the history of the Forty-two Gang and its role in the continued development of organized crime in Chicago. The Forty-two Gang was a group of teenage boys and young men responsible for an endless series of crimes in Chicago's Near West Side between 1925 and 1934. Although they concentrated on auto theft, the group committed almost every other form of crime, from coin-box looting and smash-and-grab burglary to armed robbery and murder. During Prohibition the gang also furnished cars for their elders in the alcohol and bootleg rackets, and even robbed Mrs. William H. Thompson, the wife of the Chicago mayor. Some members of the Forty-two Gang went on to establish various adult gangs in Chicago, including Bugs Moran, Joseph “Red” Bolton, and Al Capone. The chapter examines how the Forty-two Gang contributed to the emergence of the Chicago Outfit as well as the social conditions that fostered the syndicate's recruitment of slum youth. Finally, it considers the factors that led to the end of the Forty-two Gang.

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19

Arndt, Sinn. Part I General Questions, 2 Transnational Organised Crime: Concepts and Critics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0002.

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The term ‘transnational organised crime’ is no recent invention, but the legislature first took heed of the phenomenon only thirty years ago. Three external developments contributed to this change: first, the worrying rise of narcotics-related criminal activity; second, the particularly organised way in which these and other crimes were committed; and third, cross-border activity especially in the context of new technology and the opening of borders in the European Union. Transnational organised crime (TOC) is thus a fairly young field of research. The specific structures of perpetrator groups and their methods have been of particular interest to criminologists, while criminal legal scholars have been much slower to react. This chapter gives an overview of the problems in describing, defining, and combating TOC. Key factors that are likely to influence the future direction of organised crime are also named.

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20

McLean, Robert. Gangs, Drugs and (Dis)Organised Crime. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529203028.001.0001.

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Analysing criminal trajectories via the lens of group offending from childhood to adulthood, this book explores gang organisation as a means for gang business in the contemporary British context. The study itself draws upon a five year study, carried out in the West of Scotland, to present in the voices of practitioners and more notably (ex)offenders the activity which gangs engage in the look to survive, operate, and expand in the illegal criminal underworld. The book is unique in that gang structure, activity, and context are analysed independently yet presents a holistic picture of what (dis)organised crime looks like in Britain today. Particular attention is paid to gang involvement in the countries illegal drug market, with unique light shed on the subject. In addition, the author explores how this illegal activity often overspills and is intertwined with the legitimate British economy.

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21

Nontraditional Organized Crime: Law Enforcement Officials Perspectives of Five Criminal Groups. Diane Pub Co, 1989.

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22

Huston, Peter. Tongs, Gangs, and Triads: Chinese Crime Groups in North America. Authors Choice Press, 2001.

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23

Math, Noortmann, and Sedman Dawn. Part IV Transnational Organised Crime as Matter of Certain Branches of International Law, 19 Transnational Criminal Organisations and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0019.

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Transnational criminal organisations and human rights are in a dialectical relationship. Organisations can be subjected to criminal investigations and criminalization, while at the same time be protected by such rights as the right to association and free speech. While successful criminal prosecution of organisations is rare, as demonstrated by the war-crime tribunals since the Second World War, the criminalizing of organisations such as biker gangs and armed opposition groups is a more common, however questionable, option for governments. To the extent that criminal organisations are considered, first of all, to commit crimes and are investigated and prosecuted within that legal framework, the question what the concept of criminal organisations committing human rights violations would bring is a pertinent one. Crimes and human rights are different legal conceptions and should not be confused in the ‘war against organised crime’.

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24

Corsino, Louis. You Can’t Shoot Everyone. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0005.

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This chapter turns more directly toward organized crime. It identifies the Chicago Heights boys and the mix of social capital processes, specifically the social closure and brokerage opportunities, that allowed this segment of the Chicago Outfit a near half century run as a highly profitable, successful criminal operation. Illegal activities associated with organized crime provided an avenue for social mobility. While these illegal operations existed from the beginning of Chicago Heights' incorporation as a city in the early 1900s, the 1920s saw a dramatic increase in the size and scope of these operations as Prohibition created a tremendous black market opportunity for illegal liquor. Exhibiting a strong entrepreneurial sense and a willingness to use violence to accomplish their goals, a select group of Italian residents in Chicago Heights allied themselves with Al Capone to gain control of the illegal liquor, gambling, and prostitution trades in the Heights.

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25

Lombardo, Robert M. The Black Mafia. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037306.003.0004.

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This chapter explores the historical role of African Americans in organized crime in Chicago. It begins with a brief overview of black migration and settlement in Chicago in order to elucidate the relationship between the city's black community and the larger political, economic, and social organization. It then traces the history of the ethnic vice industry that flourished in Chicago's African American community during the first half of the twentieth century. It also considers how policy gambling—a lottery gambling system in which players wagered a small sum of money on a combination of three numbers—became the most important form of vice activity in Chicago's black South Side, citing the role played by three men: Patsy King, King Foo, and Sam Young. The chapter argues that sophisticated African American organized crime groups existed in Chicago independent of white organized crime largely because of the segregated nature of American society. African American organized crime did not follow Italian organized crime but existed alongside Irish and Italian groups from the first days of syndicated vice.

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26

Neil, Boister. Part II UN Core Conventions on Transnational Organised Crime, 7 The UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime 2000. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0007.

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Adopted in 2000 in Palermo, the UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC) has been neglected after an initial burst of academic interest. It requires states parties to promise to alter their law to enact a new range of offences as well as a range of procedural measures in order to suppress transnational organised crime (TOC). This chapter shows that, because of the inability to agree on a concept of TOC, the UNTOC is based on the concepts of commission of serious crime transnationally by organised criminal groups. These concepts play a role in the definitions of the UNTOC's four specific offences and as conditions for cooperation. The chapter concludes that the UNTOC is a flexible instrument that can be used against emerging criminal activity but this flexibility is also considered a weakness because it cannot be used to compel states parties to criminalize activities commonly associated with TOC.

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27

Sven, Peterke, and Wolf Joachim. Part IV Transnational Organised Crime as Matter of Certain Branches of International Law, 18 International Humanitarian Law and Transnational Organised Crime. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0018.

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This chapter analyses the interplay of the use of force in international law and transnational organised crime (TOC). It suggests understanding organised criminal groups as addressees of certain parts of the international legal order that deal with the use of force. For instance, Article 51 United Nations (UN) Charter gives states the right to self-defence following an armed attack without specifying that the armed attack must be carried out by a state. Such an attack can equally emanate from organised criminal groups which, in turn, makes them partial subjects of international law. If gangs engage in TOC, often their action also poses a threat to international peace and security under Article 39 UN Charter. It lies thus within the mandate of the Security Council to deal with such action. The Council has started to do so in recent years and it is called upon to continue this line of work.

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28

Decoeur, Henri. Confronting the Shadow State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.001.0001.

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This book examines the rules and mechanisms of international law relevant to the suppression of state organized crime, and provides a normative justification for developing international legal mechanisms specifically designed to address this phenomenon. State organized crime refers to the use by senior state officials of the resources of the state to facilitate or participate in organized crime, in pursuit of policy objectives or personal profit. This concept covers diverse forms of government misconduct, including partnerships with organized criminal groups involved in drug trafficking, the plundering of a country’s resources by kleptocratic rulers, and high-level corruption schemes. The book identifies the distinctive criminological characteristics of state organized crime, and analyses the applicability, potential, and limits of the norms and mechanisms of international law relevant to the suppression of state organized crime. In particular, it discusses whether the involvement of state organs or agents in organized crime may amount to an internationally wrongful act giving rise to the international responsibility of the state, and highlights a number of practical and normative shortcomings of the legal framework established by relevant crime-suppression conventions. The book also sketches proposals to develop an international legal framework designed to hold perpetrators of state organized crime accountable. It presents a normative justification for criminalizing and suppressing state organized crime at the international level, proposes draft provisions for an international convention for the suppression of state organized crime, and discusses the potential role of the UN Security Council and of international criminal courts and tribunals, respectively, in holding perpetrators accountable.

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29

Lombardo, Robert M. The Outfit as a Complex Organization. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037306.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the Chicago Outfit as a complex criminal organization, with particular emphasis on its hierarchical structure, chain of command, and division of labor. After describing the formal structure of the Chicago Outfit and its criminal activities, the chapter shows that people who are connected to organized crime are, in fact, part of the organizational structure. It then considers the people with whom the Outfit is regularly in contact and suggest that they, too, are an integral part of the organization. It also looks at the positions within the criminal organization and the public that the Outfit serves. Accounts of the activities of the Outfit suggest that positions exist for bosses, members, and associates, who are said to be “connected.” The chapter argues that the Chicago Outfit has an organized public, made up of gamblers, thieves, and “wannabes” (people who want to be associated with the Outfit), that has provided a ready source of participants for organized criminal activities as well as recruits for the group itself.

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30

Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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31

Decoeur, Henri. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0001.

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This section presents the concept of state organized crime, defined as the use, by a public official in a position to shape or influence the actions of a state and acting in concert with a structured group, of the resources of the state to commit or facilitate the commission of acts criminalized in international law, in order to obtain a financial or other material benefit. It highlights the challenges that this phenomenon poses internationally and domestically, notably for international peace and security, human rights, and the rule of law. It also discusses the terminology and methodology used in the book, and outlines the argument to be made.

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32

Pierre, Thielbörger. Part IV Transnational Organised Crime as Matter of Certain Branches of International Law, 17 The International Law of the Use of Force and Transnational Organised Crime. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0017.

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Cybercrime has not only become a new form of organised crime, in which a network of independent perpetrators cooperate on a case-by-case basis without an enduring, hierarchical structure, but is also gaining increasing attention from traditional organised crime groups. With cybercrime easily crossing geographical borders, a closer look at the international law framework on the fight against cybercrime is warranted, including but not limited to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime. This chapter focuses on cyber-related aspects of substantive criminal law, criminal procedure, and jurisdiction, as well as an analysis of the core challenges and typical phenomena of cybercrime.

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33

Corsino, Louis. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0006.

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This concluding chapter presents a more general discussion of the interrelationships between ethnicity, organized crime, and social capital, especially as it may apply to the contemporary context in Chicago Heights. This study connected the decades-long ‘success’ of the organized crime operation in Chicago Heights to the persistent balancing act between the resources of closure, violence, and brokerage. Too much or too little of one or another would be potentially damaging to this long-term success. Closure brings value to the organization because it promotes a familiarity and assumed level of trust between individuals. However, when there are strong ties binding groups together, certainty and predictability triumph over variability and innovation. Individuals are unaware of or reluctant to think through or even see new opportunities because the social networks place a premium on routine beliefs and behaviors. An antidote to the excesses of closure is violence. New ideas and new approaches were pushed forward by force and the elimination of opposition. Today, although Italian organized crime presence in Chicago Heights has significantly diminished, organized crime in Chicago Heights persists. African Americans and Latinos have largely taken over the vice operations.

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34

Rodenhäuser, Tilman. Organizing Rebellion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821946.001.0001.

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This book identifies the degree of organization required from non-state armed groups (i) to become party to an armed conflict and thereby bound by applicable international humanitarian law; (ii) to have possible human rights obligations; and (iii) to create a context in which international crimes can be committed. Part I identifies three principal criteria that any party to a non-international armed conflict—including decentrally organized armed groups, transnational groups, or cyber groups—must meet: it must be a collective entity with sufficient capabilities to engage in hostilities and the ability to ensure respect for basic humanitarian norms. Part II conceptualizes contemporary debate and international practice on the question of whether armed groups have human rights obligations. It suggests that the sources and scope of potential human rights obligations of armed groups are understood best on a spectrum, with consideration given to three categories: groups exercising quasi-governmental authority; groups exercising de facto control over territory and population; and groups exercising no territorial control. Part III examines the requisite degree of organization of armed groups to create contexts in which crimes against humanity or genocide can be committed. It argues that the degree of power and organization of groups behind these crimes depends on whether the group instigates or actually commits the crimes. In sum, this book shows that the requisite degree of organization of armed groups to have obligations under different fields of international law cannot be determined in the abstract. It depends on the specificities of each field of law and the circumstances of each case.

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35

Dominik, Brodowski. Part III Other Relevant International Regimes and Issues, 16 Transnational Organised Crime and Cybercrime. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0016.

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Cybercrime has not only become a new form of organised crime, in which a network of independent perpetrators cooperate on a case-by-case basis without an enduring, hierarchical structure, but is also gaining increasing attention from traditional organised crime groups. With cybercrime easily crossing geographical borders, a closer look at the international law framework on the fight against cybercrime is warranted, including but not limited to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime. This chapter focuses on cyber-related aspects of substantive criminal law, criminal procedure, and jurisdiction, as well as an analysis of the core challenges and typical phenomena of cybercrime.

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36

Gerdes, Luke M. Illuminating Dark Networks: The Study of Clandestine Groups and Organizations. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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37

Carlo, Philip. Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss. Harper Paperbacks, 2009.

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38

Percival, Garrick. Criminal Justice Policy. Edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.013.030.

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This chapter examines criminal justice policy in the U.S. states, discussing the important developments in knowledge in recent years, and outlining key areas for future research in this important area of public policy. The chapter is organized around two fundamental questions. The first is what political forces cause governments to use more coercive forms of crime and social control? The second is how do political forces contribute to the disproportionate level of punishment imposed on racial and ethnic minority groups? Both questions entail basic questions about policing, criminal profiling, and particular campaigns, such as the most recent drug war. In devoting attention to these questions, state and local government researchers have the opportunity to make significant and lasting contributions by moving the field to a more synthesized and theoretically shaped understanding of criminal justice policy in the U.S. states.

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39

Üngör, Uğur Ümit. Paramilitarism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825241.001.0001.

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From the deserts of Sudan to the jungles of Colombia, and from the streets of Belfast to the mountains of Kurdistan, paramilitaries have appeared in violent conflicts in very different settings. Paramilitaries are generally depicted as irregular armed organizations that carry out acts of violence against civilians on behalf of a state. In doing so, they undermine the state’s monopoly of legitimate violence, while at the same time creating a breeding ground for criminal activities. Why do governments with functioning police forces and armies use paramilitary groups? This book tackles this question through the prism of the interpenetration of paramilitaries and the state. The book interprets paramilitarism as the ability of the state to successfully outsource mass political violence against civilians that transforms and traumatizes societies. It analyzes how paramilitarism can be understood in a global context, and how paramilitarism is connected to transformations of warfare and state–society relations. By comparing a broad range of cases, it looks at how paramilitarism has made a profound impact in a large number of countries that were different, but nevertheless shared a history of pro-government militia activity. A thorough understanding of paramilitarism can clarify the direction and intensity of violence in wartime and peacetime. The book examines the issues of international involvement, institutional support, organized crime, party politics, and personal ties.

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Books on the topic 'Organized crime group'

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