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1
Marshall, Hollianne. "DEFENDED NEIGHBORHOODS AND ORGANIZED CRIME: DOES ORGANIZED CRIME LOWER STREET CRIME?" Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2799.
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The literature suggests that neighborhoods with organized criminal networks would have lower crime rates than other neighborhoods or communities, because of the social control their organization exerts on residents and visitors. The strictly organized Italian-American Mafia seems to have characteristics that would translate throughout the neighborhood: People will not participate in overt illegal behaviors because they do not know who is watching, and the fear of what the Mafia might do keeps residents and visitors to the neighborhood relatively well-behaved. Using crime statistics from the NYPD and census data for neighborhood characteristics, four linear regressions were calculated. The results indicate that low socioeconomic status is the main factor explaining neighborhood crime rate variations in New York City. The percent of the population under 18 and density were also listed as influential factors for some variables. The percent of foreign-born Italians was noted as significant in the correlation models, though it is not yet clear what this might truly indicate. The proxy variable for Mafia presence was not significant, and this can either be due to inaccuracies of the measurement of the variable or a true decrease in the influence of Mafia presence after the string of RICO arrests in the 1980s and 1990s. The results imply that Mafia presence does not influence neighborhood social control, but they do reinforce social disorganization theory. The foundation of this theory is neighborhood stability; the more unstable a neighborhood is, the more susceptible the neighborhood is to crime and dysfunction. Factors like low socioeconomic status and density influence neighborhood stability. Future research should attempt to have more accurate representations of Mafia presence and neighborhood characteristics.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
2
Marshall, Hollianne Elizabeth. "Defended neighborhoods and organized crime does organized crime lower street crime? /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002751.
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Yasar, Muhammet Murat. "Transnational Organized Crime and Destabilization in Democracies, Russian Organized Crime as Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2827/.
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Transnational organized crime has been prevalent during the last century, but it recently has been recognized as a threat to the world order. Governments throughout the world, along with the intergovernmental organizations identified this phenomenon as a new threat to domestic and international security. This paper attempts to explain the impacts of transnational organized crime on the functioning of democratic societies by adopting the Russian Organized Crime as case study. The descriptive research with regard to definition, scope and organization of transnational organized crime, along with the objectives, limitations and methodology of this research will be included in the first chapter. Recent trends observed in organized crime`s character and the impact of organized crime on the political economies of democratic regimes will be contained in the following chapters. Pre-conditions for a broader response to transnational organized crime and conclusive remarks will be the context of the last chapter.
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Jackson, Robert J. Vachudová Milada Anna. "Organized crime in postcommunist regimes." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1308.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of a Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
5
Oliphant, John E. "Organized Crime Violence in Mexico." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/568.
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The following thesis outlines the current social and political situation surrounding organized crime violence in Mexico. Using Samuel P. Huntington’s Political Order in Changing Societies and regression analysis, the purpose is to highlight the lack of subnational data within Mexico. Political science and economic theories guide the reader to better understanding what types of policy change or reform may need to occur in Mexico’s future years.
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Paoli, Letizia. "Mafia brotherhoods : organized crime, Italian style /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0612/2002009518-d.html.
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Diss.--Univ., 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-274) and indexes. Mafia associations and ruling bodies -- Status and fraternization contracts -- Secrecy and violence -- Multiplicity of goals and functions -- Mafia, state, and society.
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Johnson, Laurel Eva. "The Commonwealth response to organised crime." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109601.
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Australia is a federation where the Commonwealth
has no direct power over crime. What power the
Commonwealth has in the area of crime derives mainly from
the operation of the implied incidental power adhering to
the express powers in section 51 of the Australian
Constitution and from the express incidental power,
placitum 51(xxxix). Other constitutional powers, such as
subsection 52(1), exclusive, plenary power in relation to
Commonwealth places, section 119. protection of the
states against domestic violence and section 122, plenary
power in relation to territories, may be called into play
in appropriate situations. There is also some role for
the inherent national power.
8
Schulte-Bockholt, Alfried. "Organized crime groups, the state and elites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ57623.pdf.
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Aksakal, Baris. "Transnational Organized Crime and the Drug Business." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3271/.
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This study analyzes the activities of the organized crime groups involved in the drug business, as well as examining national and international efforts to control these groups. Specifically, this study addresses the following questions: How is organized crime connected to the international drug business?; What are the major transnational organized crime groups involved in the international drug business?; What is the nature of the drug problem as it relates to organized crime internationally?; What international cooperative law enforcement efforts currently exist to deal with organized crime and the drug business? Findings indicate that efforts to create an effective international law enforcement network are needed to meet the challenges of drug trafficking and globalized crime. To date, such efforts have largely been unsuccessful.
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Schulte-Bockholt, Alfried (Alfred Christoph) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Organized crime groups, the state and elites." Ottawa, 2000.
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11
Tianprasit, Tanatthep. "Promoting the use of the special investigative techniques of Article 20 of the UNTOC to combat organised crimes in Thailand." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238555.
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For many years, organised crime has been considered a serious threat to the world, as it affects not only national security but also economic well-being. Moreover, it is also the cause of many serious crimes. Given its nature, it is difficult for law enforcement officials to investigate and obtain evidence which can lead to the prosecution of high-ranking members of organised crime groups. For this reason, in 2000, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC) was introduced. Under this convention, many measures were provided to fight these serious crimes. The use of special investigative techniques, such as controlled delivery, electronic surveillance and undercover operations, has been recognised in Article 20 of the UNTOC. Therefore, members of the UNTOC, including Thailand, have to incorporate these special investigative techniques into domestic law. However, due to the different interpretations of the convention in each country, the effectiveness of the use of these special investigative techniques may vary. Furthermore, the use of these special investigative techniques may have an inevitable effect on human rights. Notably, this thesis reflects the law at April 2018. After the comparative study of the use of special investigative techniques between England and Wales and Thailand, it could be seen that the former has a better legislative approach than Thailand. In the case of special organisations to combat serious crimes, the National Crime Agency (NCA) of the UK has a higher budget, more staff and better transparency than the Department of Special Investigation (DSI) of Thailand. Moreover, in England and Wales, at the national and regional levels, the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) provide double protection against the misuse of the special investigative techniques which are operated by law enforcement officials. On the contrary, in Thailand, although human rights are recognised in both the Constitution and Criminal Procedure Code, the Supreme Court is not greatly concerned about these rights, nor about the unlawful investigative proceedings. At the regional level, the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD) cannot be compared to the ECHR, because it does not have supranational institutions like the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) of the ECHR to protect the rights of the people of ASEAN. Last, but not least, in practice the patronage system and corruption are also considered to be the main problems in the investigation bureaux of the country and may affect the use of special investigative techniques.
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Carranza, Figón Luis. "Crimen organizado corporativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/471513.
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En la actualidad existen diversas investigaciones y publicaciones que estudian el actuar de las personas jurídicas, mientras otras hacen lo propio con el fenómeno del crimen organizado, en ambos casos dichas temáticas no se vinculan. En otras palabras, la teoría y la práctica no abordan el tema de la persona jurídica como sujeto de derecho en el espacio de la delincuencia organizada. Por el contrario, su análisis se limita al ámbito de las personas físicas, a pesar de que la composición de la normativa internacional determina al fenómeno como una disciplina incluyente, es decir, comprende en su área de estudio a los sujetos colectivos, como lo pondera el art. 10 la Convención de Naciones Unidas contra la Delincuencia Organizada Transnacional (CNUDOT).
Y es que, es indiscutible que los sujetos colectivos aprovechan su compleja estructura para materializar delitos, más aún cuando se trata de uniones empresariales, las cuales evidencian al crimen organizado corporativo, dado que los mercados ilícitos (de drogas, inmigración, prostitución, fraude de inversiones o blanqueo de capitales) precisan tanto de una gran logística como de una administración, para lo cual se ofrecen las formas de la economía legal. En esta medida, tiene sentido hablar de la supresión de fronteras entre la delincuencia económica-empresarial y la criminalidad organizada clásica, aspectos que sustentan al crimen organizado corporativo.
En este entendido, las normas que tradicionalmente se utilizan para la reprochar la delincuencia organizada tradicional (de las personas físicas), mantienen al margen la concentración de personas jurídicas, por lo que el marco legal actual es insuficiente para recriminar este fenómeno, hasta ahora abandonado. Es por ello, que la tesis pondera no solo los desafíos e inconvenientes jurídicos que presenta el fenómeno delincuencia organizada, sino que –además- acerca propuestas y soluciones concretas desde el ámbito de las ciencias penales, como la definición del injusto, el establecimiento de estándares de imputación sobre grupos empresariales en la materia y la creación de un compliance que regule las relaciones externas de las personas jurídicas asociadas. Para ello, es indispensable un cambio sobre los cánones asociados al sujeto de derecho, esto es, considerar a los entes colectivos como miembros o integrantes de la organización ilícita. En suma, se procura establecer las bases para la regulación e imputación del crimen organizado asociado a las personas jurídicas (públicas o privadas), lo cual no solo forma un insumo de importancia en el rendimiento empresarial, sino que permite reprochar delitos organizados en estructuras complejas.En l'actualitat existeixen diverses investigacions i publicacions que estudien l'actuar de les persones jurídiques, mentre altres fan el mateix con el fenòmens del crim organitzat, en ambdós casos aquestes temàtiques no es vinculen. En altres paraules, la teoria i la pràctica no aborden el tema de la persona jurídica com subjecte de dret a l'espai de la delinqüència organitzada. Per contra, sumi anàlisi es limita a l'àmbit les persones físiques, tot i que la composicions de la normativa internacional determina el fenomen com una disciplina incloent, es dir, comprèn en super àrea d'estudi els subjectes col·lectius, com el pondera l'art. 10 la Convenció de Nacions Unides contra la delinqüència organitzada transnacional (CNUDOT). I és que, és indiscutible que els subjectes col·lectius aprofiten la seva complexa estructura per materialitzar delictes, més encara quan es tracta d'union empresarials, les quals evidencien el crim organitzat corporatiu, atès que els mercats il·lícits (de drogues, immigració, prostitució, frau de inversions o blanqueig de capitals) necessiten tant una gran logística com d'una administració, per al qual s'oferia les formes de l'economia legal. En aquesta mesura, té sentit parlar de la supressió de fronteres entre la delinqüència econòmica-empresarial i la criminalitat organitzada clàssica, aspectes que sustenten el crim organitzat corporatiu. En aquest entès, les regles que tradicionalment s'utilitzen per a la retrets la delinqüència organitzada tradicional (de les persones físiques), mantenen al marge la concentració de persones jurídiques, de manera que el marc legal actual es insuficient per recriminar aquest fenomen, ta ara abandonada. Es per ells, que la tesi pondera no només els desafiaments i inconvenients jurídics que presenta el fenomen delinqüència organitzada, sinó que -a més- sobre propostes i solucions concretes des dels àmbits de les ciències penals, com la definició de l'injust, l'establiment d'estàndards d'imputació sobre grups empresarials en la matèria i la creació d'un compliance que reguli les relacions externes de les persones jurídiques associades. Per això, és indispensable un canvi sobre els canons associats al subjecte de dret, és a dir, considerar els entès col·lectius com membres o integrants de l'organització il·lícita. En suma, es procura establir les bases per a la regulació i imputació del crim organitzat associat a les persones jurídiques (públiques o privades), cosa que no només forma una entrada d'importància en el rendiment empresarial, sinó que permet retreure delictes organitzats en estructures complexes.
At present there are several investigations and publications that study the actions of legal entities, while others do the same with the phenomenon of organized crime, in both cases these issues are not linked. In other words, theory and practice do not address the issue of the legal person as a subject of law in the area of organized crime. On the contrary, its analysis is limited to the realm of natural persons, although the composition of international regulations determines the phenomenon as an inclusive discipline, that is, it includes collective subjects in its area of study, as weights it the art. 10 the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNCTAD). It is undeniable that collective subjects take advantage of their complex structure to materialize crimes, especially when it comes to corporate unions, which evidence corporate organized crime, since illicit markets (drugs, immigration, prostitution, Investments or money laundering) need both a great logistics and an administration, for which the forms of legal economy are offered. To this extent, it makes sense to speak of the suppression of frontiers between economic-business crime and classical organized crime, aspects that underpin corporate organized crime. In this sense, the norms that traditionally are used to reproach traditional organized crime (of natural persons), keep the concentration of legal persons apart, so the current legal framework is insufficient to recriminate this phenomenon, hitherto abandoned. It is for this reason that the thesis considers not only the legal challenges and disadvantages presented by organized crime, but also proposes specific solutions and solutions from the criminal sciences, such as the definition of unjust, the establishment of standards Of imputation on business groups in the matter and the creation of a compliance that regulates the external relations of the associate juridical persons. For this, a change is necessary on the canons associated with the subject of law, that is, to consider the collective entities as members or members of the illicit organization. In sum, it seeks to establish the basis for the regulation and imputation of organized crime associated with legal entities (public or private), which not only forms an important input in business performance, but also allows for the reproach of organized crime in complex structures.
13
Yip, Lionel Ross. "The development of organized crime legislation in Hong Kong traditional and contemporary approaches /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627851.
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Thesis (LL.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws at the University of Hong Kong." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107). Also available in print.
14
Uzoaba, J. H. E. "Organized crime and political economy : A comparative study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375580.
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Gjoni, Ilir. "Organized crime and national security: the Albanian case." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FGjoni.pdf.
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Godoy, Luiz Roberto Ungaretti de. "Crime organizado e seu tratamento jurídico penal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8809.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-27This study is devoted to the elaboration of the evolution of Organized Crime in the national and international scenery and its main reflexes in our Country, based not only on the Brazilian Law, but also in the Foreign Law the Judicial Precedent, as well as the undoubtedly relevance of Treaties and Conventions linked to the subject. The Brazilian legislation does not consider the typical profile of a criminal organization, though the Brazilian Judicial ordainment has already consolidated in several laws which discipline, directly or indirectly the Organized Crime, once it is extremely important we should highlight the reception of the Brazilian Legal System of the Palermo Convention (United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime).Which has adapted a definition for the transnational Criminal Organization. In the course this study we would try to perform an analysis of several organizations, associations, mafias, gangs, among others identified in the word scenery with a focus in the Organized Crime in Brazil. It s important to highlight that each of the criminal groups has its own characteristics taking on account its constitution and its peculates in the modus operandi, making it impossible to draw a draw a hermetic profile of each one. This way the target of the present study is not a search for a typical definition of a would be criminal organization, but to show the main characteristics of Organized Crime in the current scenery, based on the history of development and in the act themselves performed by these groups. At last we haven t left aside the great discussion which involves the subject which are the reflexes of the actions performed by the criminal transnational organizations, as well as the question of which criminal law to use once the groups mentioned act simultaneously in several different countries
Este estudo dedica-se à elaboração da evolução do crime organizado no cenário nacional e internacional e seus principais reflexos no nosso País, amparado não só na legislação brasileira e comparada, na casuística, como também na indubitável relevância dos tratados e convenções pertinentes à matéria. A legislação Pátria não contempla a figura típica da organização criminosa, contudo, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro consolidou-a em diversas leis que disciplinam direta ou indiretamente o crime organizado. Por ser de relevante importância, merece destaque a recepção pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro da Convenção de Palermo, (Convenção das Nações Unidas contra o Crime Organizado Transnacional), a qual adotou uma definição para a organização criminosa transnacional. No transcorrer desse estudo, será realizada uma análise comparativa entre as diversas organizações, associações, quadrilhas, máfias e outros grupos identificados no cenário mundial, com evidência à criminalidade organizada brasileira. Convém ressaltar que cada um dos grupos criminosos possui características próprias, levando-se em conta sua constituição e peculiaridades no modus operandi; dessa forma, torna-se impossível traçar um perfil hermético sobre cada um deles. O objetivo do presente estudo não se dirige à busca de uma definição típica do que seria organização criminosa, mas sim demonstrar suas principais características no cenário contemporâneo, com base no histórico, na evolução e nas próprias condutas praticadas por esses grupos. Não se pode desconsiderar a seriedade da matéria, diante dos reflexos das ações praticadas pelas organizações criminosas transnacionais, bem como a aplicação da Lei Penal, uma vez que muitos atuam, simultaneamente, em diferentes países
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Demirci, Suleyman. "New Organized Crime: Problems and Issues for Information Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2907/.
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This study illustrates the changing nature of organized crime at both national and international levels. Organized crime groups have changed in that they have entered the realm of high technology. In response this change, the use of new or modified analytical tools is suggested to enhance law enforcement efforts. This study highlights the problems of, and offers particular solutions for information analysis in its use in the fight against organized crime. Ultimately, it is argued that combined crime and intelligence analysis can be an effective and efficient method for the detection and prevention of modern organized crime.
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Romão, João Manuel Batista. "A criminalidade organizada internacional: Seu impacto em Portugal no século XXI." Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1226.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-ProcessuaisA presente dissertação de mestrado procura dar uma perspetiva realista e atualizada da atividade das principais associações criminosas de cariz internacional, caracterizando-as a partir da análise histórica–evolutiva das condições que contribuíram para o seu surgimento, do complexo “modus operandi” em que cada uma se move, da dinâmica que desenvolveram, da expansão que têm conseguido e da ameaça que representam num processo de globalização da economia e da sociedade. É certo que as organizações criminosas existem pelo menos desde a Antiguidade, tal como os conceitos de bem e do mal, de justiça, do crime e da punição. Mas o crime organizado no Ocidente, tal como o vamos conhecendo, é um fenómeno que surgiu apenas há pouco mais de um século e tem-se expandido, diversificado e até fortalecido, com mais ou menos reveses, em todas as partes do globo, tendo-se tornado uma ameaça silenciosa mas nem por isso menos mortífera do que o terrorismo ou os cataclismos climáticos à escala regional. Daí ser importante que, para além duma abordagem das especificidades de cada organização, também se faça nesta dissertação referência aos mecanismos mais eficazes da investigação, da repressão e punição de tal fenómeno, assim como a algumas convenções e legislação internacional relevantes para tal finalidade. Analisados os principais aspetos criminológicos desta realidade, também se impõe referir os potenciais perigos para Portugal, tendo presente a sua inserção europeia e os conhecimentos atuais disponíveis. A presente dissertação não resulta apenas dum mero trabalho de estudo, mas também de um esforço reiterado de cruzamento de dados, de análise e reflexão que passou pela consulta da diversa bibliografia indicada, da apreciação critica de um grande número de artigos e noticias publicados na imprensa estrangeira, assim como da informação que os organismos internacionais, o Congresso Norte-Americano e forças policiais prestigiadas como o FBI, o Conselho e a Comissão Europeia (ainda que através de outros organismos que patrocinam) disponibilizam de forma mais aberta ou reservada.
This dissertation aims to give a realistic and updated perspective on the activity of the main international criminal organizations, characterizing them using historical-evolutionary analysis of the conditions that contributed to their emergence, the complex “modus operandi” in which each one moves, the dynamic that they developed, the expansion they have achieved and the threat they represent in the process of globalization of the economy and society. It is true that criminal organizations exist at least since antiquity, such as the concepts of good and evil, justice, crime and punishment. But organised crime in the west, as we know it, it is a phenomenon that came up just a little over a century and it has expanded, diversified and even strengthened, with more or less setbacks, in all parts of the globe, having become a quieter but no less deadlier than terrorism or climatic cataclysms of regional scale. Therefore, in addition to an approach of the specificities of each organization, it is important to refer to the most effective mechanisms of research, the prosecution and punishment of such phenomenon, as well as some relevant conventions and international law for such purpose. Having analyzed the main criminological aspects of this reality, it should be referred the potential dangers to Portugal, bearing in mind its European integration and current knowledge available. This dissertation arises from study, persistent data cross analysis, and reflection by consulting diverse bibliography, critically appreciating a large number of articles and news published in the foreign press, as well as the information provided (in a more open and reserved manner) by international organizations and prestigious police forces, such as the FBI, the USA Congress, the European Council and European Commission (through other sponsoring organizations).
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Ljuba, Paul J. "Organized crime in Russia and United States national security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA327429.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.Thesis advisor(s): M. Tsypkin. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available online.
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Coriddi, Jenna L. Marks Gary. "Organized crime and its origins a comparative case study /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1284.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Masters." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Torres, Candice. "Sex trafficking Florida's response to the international organized crime." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/521.
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Florida has the second-highest incidence of human trafficking in the country. Sex trafficking of women into and out of the state of Florida is defined by various terms from international, national and local terms. The United Nations defines sex trafficking in Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime as: "Trafficking in persons: shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation". This study explores the experiences of women who have been trafficked as well as the recruitment strategies by which women are trafficked and to what extent their life changes. This study aims to understand the extent to which local nonprofits in the state of Florida have tackled the issue as well as the international, federal and state government laws are enforced. The findings will provide useful guidelines to help nonprofits in the state of Florida work together to combat the issue as well as be used as an informative research proposal for the community to push stronger legislation and raise more awareness.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Rostami, Amir. "Criminal Organizing : Studies in the sociology of organized crime." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128362.
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What organized crime is and how it can be prevented are two of the key questions in both organized crime research and criminal policy. However, despite many attempts, organized crime research, the criminal justice system and criminal policy have failed to provide a shared and recognized conceptual definition of organized crime, which has opened the door to political interpretations. Organized crime is presented as an objective reality—mostly based on anecdotal empirical evidence and generic descriptions—and has been understood, as being intrinsically different from social organization, and this has been a justification for treating organized crime conceptually separately. In this dissertation, the concept of organized crime is deconstructed and analyzed. Based on five studies and an introductory chapter, I argue that organized crime is an overarching concept based on an abstraction of different underlying concepts, such as gang, mafia, and network, which are in turn semi-overarching and overlapping abstractions of different crime phenomena, such as syndicates, street-gangs, and drug networks. This combination of a generic concept based on underlying concepts, which are themselves subject to similar conceptual difficulties, has given rise to a conceptual confusion surrounding the term and the concept of organized crime. The consequences of this conceptual confusion are not only an issue of semantics, but have implications for our understanding of the nature of criminal collaboration as well as both legal and policy consequences. By combining different observers, methods and empirical materials relating to dimensions of criminal collaboration, I illustrate the strong analogies that exist between forms of criminal collaboration and the theory of social organization. I argue in this dissertation that criminal organizing is not intrinsically different from social organizing. In fact, the dissertation illustrates the existence of strong analogies between patterns of criminal organizing and the elements of social organizations. But depending on time and context, some actions and forms of organizing are defined as criminal, and are then, intentionally or unintentionally, presumed to be intrinsically different from social organizing. Since the basis of my argument is that criminal organizing is not intrinsically different from social organizing, I advocate that the study of organized crime needs to return to the basic principles of social organization in order to understand the emergence of, and the underlying mechanism that gives rise to, the forms of criminal collaboration that we seek to explain. To this end, a new general analytical framework, “criminal organizing”, that brings the different forms of criminal organizations and their dimensions together under a single analytical tool, is proposed as an example of how organizational sociology can advance organized crime research and clarify the chaotic concept of organized crime.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.
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Esposito, Karin Audrey. "Collusion and consolidation: the globalization of Russian organized crime." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27642.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Alves, José Belmiro. "Desafios no Século XXI: terrorismo islâmico e crime." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1944.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em em Relações Internacionais com o Mundo Árabe e Islâmico.Este estudo almeja dar a conhecer os perigos vários em que se encontra o mundo no século XXI dada a mutação ocorrida na forma de fazer terrorismo com a entrada em cena de novos actores assimétricos como a Al Qaeda, entre outros. Outro fenómeno motivo de grande preocupação é a simbiose entre o terrorismo e o crime organizado, capaz de colocar em causa as estruturas mais basilares do Estado-Nação. Sendo aqui que residirá o maior desafio do actual século que é tentar encontrar soluções que permitam aplacar a indisfarçável conexão entre terrorismo e crime organizado. This study aims to raise awareness about the many dangers facing the world in the 21th Century, given the mutation that occurred in terrorism due to the appearance of new asymetric actors on the scene such as Al Qaeda, inter alia. Another phenomenon of great concern is the symbiosis between terrorism and organised crime, which may threaten the most basic structures of the nation state. This is arguably the biggest challenge of this century: trying to find solutions to mitigate the connection between terrorism and organised crime.
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Santos, Viviane Fernanda dos [UNESP]. "A lei do desejo ou o desejo da lei? Pacto edípico e pacto social no sentimento de pertença familiar de adolescentes em conflito com a lei." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97665.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2007-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
santos_vf_me_assis.pdf: 663507 bytes, checksum: 86402c11b4a071a9b47705452a750f08 (MD5)Esta pesquisa nasce da experiência de alguns anos de acompanhamento psicossocial a adolescentes que cometeram atos infracionais, cumprindo medida sócio-educativa de internação em uma das unidades da FEBEM, hoje chamada de Fundação CASA. Partindo da perplexidade diante do mundo entre grades e muralhas que o trabalho cotidiano desvela, este estudo vai tomando direção com a lapidação de sentimentos e com a incessante busca de sentido para as relações que o ‘outro’ mundo revela. A organização peculiar do grupo de internos, regida por códigos e regras trazidas das leis do ‘crime organizado’, cuja história e relações com a dinâmica dos adolescentes são traçadas, inclusive em suas peculiaridades institucionais, demanda o questionamento da ‘lei’ que nos fundamenta a viver em sociedade. Diante do trânsito constante entre vítimas e agressores, pacto edípico e pacto social aparecem com toda a contradição evidenciada nas histórias familiares e na cultura institucional criada por esses meninos – homens – vítimas – bandidos. A despeito das considerações do vivido durante esses anos de trabalho, especialmente em 2003, o material de análise é produzido por meio de entrevistas a três adolescentes, cuja investigação fora pautada nas relações do adolescente com sua família, com a lei social e com a lei do crime, fundamentada pela teoria e método psicanalíticos, via leitura do sentimento de pertença familiar exposto por cada um deles. Tendo como objetivo geral analisar a relação entre crime e violência com o sentido de lei introjetado pelo adolescente no decorrer de sua história, da qual faz sua leitura expondo o inconsciente familiar que fundamenta seu sentimento de pertença...
This research is based on the experience of some years of psychosocial accompaniment to adolescents that committed acts of infraction, accomplishing socio-educational measure of internment in the units of internment of former FEBEM, today called CASA Foundation. Considering the perplexity of the world’s view behind bars and walls that the daily work demonstrates, this study will be molded by the feelings and with the incessant sense pursuit of different kinds of relationships that the other world reveals. The peculiar organization of the interns' group, governed by codes and rules brought of the organized crime, whose history and relationship with the adolescents' dynamics are traced, besides in their institutional peculiarities, the questioning of the law that bases the living in society. Facing the constant transit between victims and aggressors, edipic pact and social pact appears controversial and evidenced in their family histories and in the institutional culture created by those boys - men - victims - thieves. In spite of the experience of those years of work, especially in 2003, the material was analyzed and produced through interviews at three adolescents that they were deprived of freedom, whose investigation was ruled in the adolescent's relationships with their family, with the social law and with the law of the crime, based by the theory and method psychoanalytic, through comprehension of the feeling of belongs exposed for the adolescents. Tends as general objective to analyze the relationship among crime and violence with the sense of law introjected for the adolescent in elapsing their familiar history, which makes their interpretation by exposing their family unconscious that bases their feeling of belonging, we analyzed the effect of the execution or breaking... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Luggren, Rosana Elizabeth, and Néstor Antonio Oroño. "The criminal charges of legal persons against the phenomenon of organized crime." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122688.
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Facing the phenomenon of organized crime, the criminal justice system for legal persons is confronted with the need to adapt the theoretical structures in order to provide an answer to the challenges rising from the high degree complexity and volatility, common qualities of the contemporary societies. t he modern legislations claim different solutions, such as the vicarious liability “act like someone else” or “be in someone else’s place”, which allows transferring the responsibility or guilt of a person. t his, among others, is recognized as a dual justice system. It is believed that a specific justice system for legal persons should be reached and, taking into account its peculiarities, make it coexist with the proper system for physical persons.Frente al fenómeno de la criminalidad organizada, el sistema de imputación penal para las personas jurídicas se enfrenta con la necesidad de adecuar las construcciones teóricas a fin de brindar respuesta a los desafíos que emergen del alto grado de complejidad y volatilidad que caracteriza a las sociedades contemporáneas. e n las legislaciones modernas se han ensayado diversas soluciones, tales como el sistema vicarial “del actuar por otro” o “en lugar de otro”, que permite transferir a la persona jurídica la responsabilidad o culpabilidad de su representante; el reconocimiento de un doble sistema de imputación, entre otros. Creemos que debe avanzarse hacia un sistema específico de imputación para las personas jurídicas que atendiendo a sus particularidades coexista con el sistema propio para las personas físicas.
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Stoker, Roger John. "Organised crime in the social structure of Hong Kong : a model perspective /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574201.
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Ruwel, Sandra Goldman. "Processo de institucionalização da atividade de inteligência prisional : um estudo de caso sobre Israel." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131622.
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Este é um estudo sobre como se dá o processo de institucionalização da Atividade de Inteligência Prisional, ou seja, a incorporação institucional da prática da atividade de inteligência no âmbito prisional (AIP), considerando as variáveis da legitimidade e da efetividade. Com o objetivo de melhor compreender esse processo, a pesquisa verificou o caso específico da institucionalização da inteligência prisional israelense, seu contexto político, administrativo e da inteligência de segurança pública de Israel, bem como buscou determinar indicadores necessários a um processo de institucionalização de inteligência prisional eficiente e legítima. No processo em tela é realizada a contextualização do estudo de inteligência prisional dentro de uma análise mais ampla da área de inteligência, com o exame dos principais pressupostos teóricos a respeito do tema e o exame dos indicadores necessários a um processo de institucionalização da inteligência prisional eficiente e legítima. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso único com pesquisa qualitativa (relatos dos entrevistados), observação participante (investigação nos estabelecimentos carcerários de Israel) e material teórico coletado em Israel (legislações, reportagens, artigos acadêmicos e pesquisas de opinião). A conclusão a que se chega é a de que a criação da AIP foi um fenômeno causado por atos intencionais, uma resposta às necessidades dos governantes (por meio do puro cálculo estratégico), com o objetivo principal de implementar seu domínio sobre a população carcerária, buscando informações sobre a atuação e articulação dos presos terroristas e resolvendo problemas informacionais relacionados à defesa nacional e da ordem pública. A efetividade foi preliminarmente comprovada pela demonstração, quanto ao seu impacto, de que a AIP tem condições de realizar a identificação e o acompanhamento dos presos e suas respectivas facções, de reduzir o crime organizado dentro e fora dos presídios, de antecipar crises e de neutralizar ameaças; quanto ao processo, possui uma complexidade organizacional bastante satisfatória e alto nível de profissionalização de seus agentes; no tocante à legitimidade, por sua vez, foi identificada estabilidade, bom desempenho institucional, existência de mandatos legais regulando a AIP e mecanismos de controle diversos. Porém, constatou-se problemas em relação à transparência/confiança de sua atuação, pois ela é considerada legítima quando o país se encontra em estado de guerra, de conflitos armados, com homens-bomba, terrorismo latente e ataques internos e externos que ameaçam a segurança nacional. Portanto, ela é justificada de acordo com a gravidade da situação, uma vez que se impõem medidas para neutralizá-la. Em tempos de relativa paz, a legitimidade é bastante contestada. Deduzimos que Israel demonstra uma maior preocupação com a eficácia da AIP do que com sua legitimidade (isto é, menos restrições sobre as fontes e a metodologia da Inteligência) e que há uma relação trade-off entre legitimidade e efetividade: o processo de institucionalização não apresentou equilíbrio entre a legitimidade, que nunca foi constante, e a efetividade, que se manteve como tal. A elaboração da presente tese levou à conclusão de que houve um efetivo processo de institucionalização da atividade de inteligência prisional israelense ao longo da trajetória que compreendeu o período de 2000 a 2010.This is a study on the process of institutionalization of Prison Intelligence Activity, namely, the institutional embodiment of the practice of intelligence activity within prisons (IAP), considering the variables of legitimacy and effectiveness. In order to better understand this process, we studied the specific case of institutionalization of Israeli prison intelligence, its political and administrative context and the public safety intelligence of Israel, and as well we sought to determine indicators required for a prison intelligence institutionalization process effective and legitimate. It performs the contextualization of prison intelligence study within a broader analysis of the intelligence area, with the examination of the main theoretical assumptions on the subject and the examination of indicators required for a prison intelligence institutionalization process effective and legitimate. To this end, we use the method of single case study with qualitative research (reports of respondents), participant observation (research in correctional facilities of Israel) and theoretical material collected in Israel (legislation, reports, scholarly articles and opinion polls). We concluded that the creation of IAP was a phenomena caused by intentional acts, a response to the needs of rulers (through pure strategic calculation), with the main objective of implement their stranglehold on the prison population, seeking information on the performance and articulation of the arrested terrorists and solving problems related to national defense and public order information. The effectiveness has been preliminarily proven by the demonstration, as to its impact, that the IAP can perform the identification and monitoring of prisoners and their respective factions, reduce organized crime inside and outside prisons, anticipate crises, and neutralize threats. As for the process, it presents a satisfactory organizational complexity and high level of professionalism of its agents. With regard to legitimacy, we identified stability, good institutional performance, existence of legal mandates regulating the IAP and various control mechanisms. However, we found problems in relation to transparency/confidence of its performance, because it is considered legitimate when the country is in state of war, armed conflict, with suicide bombers, latent terrorism e internal and external attacks that threaten national security. Therefore, it is justified according to the gravity of the situation, since it imposes measures to neutralize it. In times of relative peace, legitimacy is quite disputed. We assumed that Israel demonstrates a greater concern with the effectiveness of IAP than with its legitimacy (i.e., fewer restrictions on sources and methodology of intelligence) and that there is a trade-off relationship between legitimacy and effectiveness: the institutionalization process failed to provide balance between legitimacy, which was never constant, and effectiveness, which remained as such. We conclude that there was an effective process of institutionalization of Israeli prisons intelligence activity along the trajectory comprising the years between 2000-2010.
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Rawlinson, Mary Patricia. "Hunting the Chameleon : the problems of identifying Russian organized crime." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299194.
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Mann, Monique Michaëla. "A Story of Organized Crime : Constructing Criminality and Building Institutions." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366676.
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This is a narrative about the way in which a category of crime-to-be-combated is constructed through the discipline of criminology and the agents of discipline in criminal justice. The aim was to examine organized crime through the eyes of those whose job it is to fight it (and define it), and in doing so investigate the ways social problems surface as sites for state intervention. A genealogy of organized crime within criminological thought was completed, demonstrating that there are a range of different ways organized crime has been constructed within the social scientific discipline, and each of these were influenced by the social context, political winds and intellectual climate of the time. Following this first finding, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with individuals who had worked at the apex of the policing of organized crime in Australia, in order to trace their understandings of organized crime across recent history. It was found that organized crime can be understood as an object of the discourse of the politics of law and order, the discourse of international securitization, new public management in policing business, and involves the forging of outlaw identities. Therefore, there are multiple meanings of organized crime that have arisen from an interconnected set of social, political, moral and bureaucratic discourses. The institutional response to organized crime, including law and policing, was subsequently examined. An extensive legislative framework has been enacted at multiple jurisdictional levels, and the problem of organized crime was found to be deserving of unique institutional powers and configurations to deal with it. The social problem of organized crime, as constituted by the discourses mapped out in this research, has led to a new generation of increasingly preemptive and punitive laws, and the creation of new state agencies with amplified powers. That is, the response to organized crime, with a focus on criminalization and enforcement, has been driven and shaped by the four discourses and the way in which the phenomenon is constructed within them. An appreciation of the nexus between the emergence of the social problem, and the formation of institutions in response to it, is important in developing a more complete understanding of the various dimensions of organized crime.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Arts, Education and Law
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Mann, Monique. "A Story of Organized Crime: Constructing Criminality and Building Institutions." Thesis, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security (CEPS) Griffith University, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/91930/1/PhD_MANUSCRIPT_REVISED_MANN.pdf.
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This is a narrative about the way in which a category of crime-to-be-combated is constructed through the discipline of criminology and the agents of discipline in criminal justice. The aim was to examine organized crime through the eyes of those whose job it is to fight it (and define it), and in doing so investigate the ways social problems surface as sites for state intervention. A genealogy of organized crime within criminological thought was completed, demonstrating that there are a range of different ways organized crime has been constructed within the social scientific discipline, and each of these were influenced by the social context, political winds and intellectual climate of the time. Following this first finding, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with individuals who had worked at the apex of the policing of organized crime in Australia, in order to trace their understandings of organized crime across recent history. It was found that organized crime can be understood as an object of the discourse of the politics of law and order, the discourse of international securitization, new public management in policing business, and involves the forging of outlaw identities. Therefore, there are multiple meanings of organized crime that have arisen from an interconnected set of social, political, moral and bureaucratic discourses. The institutional response to organized crime, including law and policing, was subsequently examined. An extensive legislative framework has been enacted at multiple jurisdictional levels, and the problem of organized crime was found to be deserving of unique institutional powers and configurations to deal with it. The social problem of organized crime, as constituted by the discourses mapped out in this research, has led to a new generation of increasingly preemptive and punitive laws, and the creation of new state agencies with amplified powers. That is, the response to organized crime, with a focus on criminalization and enforcement, has been driven and shaped by the four discourses and the way in which the phenomenon is constructed within them. An appreciation of the nexus between the emergence of the social problem, and the formation of institutions in response to it, is important in developing a more complete understanding of the various dimensions of organized crime.
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Rodríguez, Hurtado Mario Pablo. "The incipient national organized crime and its executioners, the improvised hitmen." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107829.
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A criminal modality that is becoming increasingly important nowadays and has many victims is the contract killing or the use of hitmen. The situation is aggravated by the presence of a process of crime institutionalization. The Peruvian government has responded to this problem typifying the aforementioned crime in the Criminal Code under condemns with are becoming longer. Was this the best solution?In the present article, the author answers this question by analyzing the penal types of contract killing while making a critic of the national criminal policy, taking into account the existence of other criminal types and other possible solutions, to finally prove its futility.Una modalidad criminal que en el presente está cobrando importancia y muchas víctimas es el asesinato a sueldo o sicariato; situación que se agrava por la presencia de un proceso de institucionalización del crimen. El gobierno peruano ha respondido a este hecho tipificando dicho delito en el Código Penal bajo penas cada vez mayores. ¿Ha sido esta la mejor solución?En el presente artículo, el autor responde a dicha cuestión analizando los tipos penales del sicariato mientras realiza una crítica a la política criminal nacional, teniendo en cuenta la existencia de otras figuras penales y otras posibles soluciones, para finalmente demostrar su inutilidad.
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Flysjö, Lars. "A script analysis of organized crime in the Swedish construction industry." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41840.
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Background: Organized crime and the construction industry in relation to prevention and theoretical perspectives are understudied areas. Aims and method: This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of organized and financial crime in the Swedish construction industry and map the blind spots for control mechanisms and crime prevention. The purpose is to identify the structure of opportunities for organized crime in the Swedish construction industry through crime script analysis. Results: Two generalizable scripts following a similar modus operandi emerged, the “corporate looting” script and the “invoice factory” script. The peripheral involvement of organized crime groups indicates that there is a point in distinguishing between the actors and actions. Conclusions: Interventions should target intermediaries, earlier stages, and situations where the script enters the legal market. Further integration of macro-level analysis with crime script analysis can contribute to the formulation of effective crime prevention strategies.
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Demoulins, Anne Elisabeth Figueira. "Corrupção e criminalidade organizada: o papel do Estado." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8274.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaO combate à criminalidade organizada tem sido objeto de estudo nos últimos anos. O diminuto conhecimento acerca da criminalidade organizada em Portugal suscita interrogações quanto à relevância que esta assume no conjunto das problemáticas criminais que afetam o país. Neste trabalho procuramos compreender as dificuldades envolvidas em conceituar este termo, caraterizar algumas organizações criminosas que têm assumido marcado destaque nesta área, e também analisar o conceito de corrupção e respetivo enquadramento jurídico. De modo complementar, procuramos compreender o papel do Estado no que respeita às suas ligações ao crime organizado e à corrupção. O presente projeto pretende, igualmente, apresentar uma proposta de investigação empírica com a finalidade de compreender os contornos das eventuais ligações entre criminalidade organizada e a especificidade das práticas de corrupção em território nacional.
The fight against organized crime has been studied in recent years. The scarce knowledge about organized crime in Portugal raises questions about its relevance amidst other criminal problems that affect the country. In this work we try to understand the difficulties involved in conceptualizing this term, characterize some criminal organizations that have a prominent role in this area, and also to analyse the concept of corruption and its legal framework. In a complementary way, we try to understand the role of the state in its links to organized crime and corruption. This project also intends to present a proposal of empirical investigation aiming to understand the contours of the eventual links between organized crime and the specificity of the practices of corruption in the national territory.
N/A
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Privette, William Heath. "Organized crime in the United States organizational analogies for counterinsurgency strategy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FPrivette.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Dorothy Denning. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64). Also available in print.
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Trent, Carol L. s. "Elite Deviance, Organized Crime, and Homicide: A Cross-National Quantitative Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5788.
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Both elite deviance, committed by the upper echelons of society, and organized crime threaten development and the rights and security of people across and within nations; however empirical research on these topics is limited, especially in the field of criminology. This study addresses this gap in the literature by testing hypotheses derived from Simon’s symbiotic theory of elite deviance, which posits that direct and indirect relationships exist between elite deviance, organized crime, and conventional crimes exist (2008). The intervening effects of national culture and political economic ideology are also considered.
To test the research hypotheses, this study uses homicide rates, corruption and organized crime measures, and indicators of national culture from 114 nations. Findings suggest that empirical linkages exist between elite deviance, organized crime and conventional deviance at the cross-national level. These data suggest the level of corruption and organized crime within a nation are better predictors of homicide than conventional explanations of violent crime (e.g., modernization/development, opportunity/routine activities). Furthermore, organized crime partially mediated the relationship between corruption and homicide rates in the same (positive) direction. This implies that the criminogenic effect of elite deviance on non-elite deviance operates indirectly through organized crime. The corruption-homicide relationship was also partially mediated by a national culture of moral cynicism and capitalist economic conditions. Although not definitive given methodological concerns and alternate theoretical explanations, this study provides avenues for future research into the underlying social processes that influence the crime rate within nations.
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Walji, Jumana. "Globalization and transnational organized crime : the making of the Nigerian fraudster." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3683.
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Flysjö, Lars. "A REVIEW OF CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24687.
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Background: The infiltration of the construction industry has been central for the emergence and expansion of organized crime internationally. Sweden is a country in transition, with the sharpest turn towards economic inequality in Western Europe in recent decades. A concern for a society in transition is the emergence of organized crime.Aims and method: This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the emergence of organized crime, and provides a comprehensive literature review on the function of corruption in the organized crime infiltration of the construction industry. Results: Corruption was identified in the enforcement of cartels and the organization of unregistered labor. Organized crime targeted unions, politicians and administrators in urban planning, as well as the courts, the elections and the military.Conclusions: Organized crime groups were shown to exploit both regulation and its absence to expand their profits and power. Factors related to the emergence of organized crime included structural and cultural incentives for corruption, transition economies, discretionary power, and the question of agency. The findings were compared to the question of organized crime in a Swedish context and its involvement in the construction industry.
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Rana, Maria Paola. "Essays on crime, institutions and economic growth." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-crime-institutions-and-economic-growth(34adb749-a00a-4160-a0a1-d7d8bbe37944).html.
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The thesis contains three main Chapters in which the relationship between organised crime and corruption is studied from different perspectives. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical framework for analyzing the interactions between corruption and organized crime, together with the individual and combined effect of these phenomena on economic performance. We show how organized crime on its own reduces entrepreneurial activity, and how organized crime in conjunction with corruption may reduce such activity to a lesser or greater extent. Chapter 3 presents an empirical investigation into the impact of corruption on economic growth in the presence of organized criminal activities. Using a panel of 19 Italian regions for the period 1983-2009, the analysis reveals that corruption and organized crime have independent negative effects on growth, and that the effect of either is less severe when the other is also present. Chapter 4 presents a further empirical investigation which examines the determinants of organized crime and of common crime in a panel of Italian regions over the period 1983-2003. The analysis shows that both organized and common crimes respond symmetrically to certain drivers, but asymmetrically to others.
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DiGiacomo, Richard J. "Prostitution as a possible funding mechanism for terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FDiGiacomo.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Strindberg, Anders ; Second Reader: Bellavita, Christopher. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Prostitution, terrorist financing, lack of imagination, crime-terror nexus, transnational gangs, organized crime, criminal activity funding terrorism, terrorist and criminals, homegrown Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-73). Also available in print.
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Craig, Mark. "The Chinese underworld : a revisionist perspective /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16442.pdf.
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Kupatadze, Alexander. "‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320.
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This dissertation addresses organized crime in post-Soviet Eurasia (Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan) exploring the nexus between politics, business and crime. Based on extensive field research in the three countries the dissertation examines organized crime groups in the region and describes their inter-relationships with political and business elites, then discusses the impact of the three countries’ Coloured Revolutions on crime and corruption. The impacts of the revolutions on organized crime are situated in several variables, among them political opposition to incumbent regimes; the strength of civil society and the role of organized crime groups during the revolutionary processes; personal morals of the leaders and their views on cooperation with organized crime; and the presence and nature of the “pact” between outgoing and incoming elites. The dissertation also takes into account larger explanatory variables, such as geography, natural resources, industry, and regional wars and documents their role in shaping organized crime. In accounting for the diverging patterns of the three countries in terms of post-revolutionary effects on crime and corruption, the role of the West, defined as a “push” factor for democratization, and the experience of earlier statehood are also considered. The interaction between elites and criminals is regarded as a crucial part of state formation, and is characterized by shifting dominance between the actors of the underworld and upperworld. The thesis identifies points of cooperation and conflict between licit and illicit actors, and provides insight into the collusive nature of criminal networks in the post-Soviet context, arguing that the distinction between licit and illicit is frequently blurred and the representatives of the upperworld are sometimes key participants in organized criminal activity.
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Rodríguez, Fuentes Oscar Daniel. "The democratic limbo: rule of law, organized crime and paramilitarism in Mexico." Politai, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92013.
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In late 2007, President of Mexico Felipe Calderon Hinojosa implemented a policy of direct confrontation with crime organizations, this decision generated a climate of widespread insecurity and increased high-impact crimes such as arbitrary executions, torture and forced disappearan- ces. In this context of violence some groups of society hired paramilitaries in San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León and created self-defenses in some cities of Michoacán to protect their rights. This problem exhibited the incapacity of the State to provide public security and the situation of some territories formally under the rule of law but materially controlled by the organized crime.A finales de 2007, el presidente de México, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, implementó una política de confrontación directa con la delincuencia organizada. Esta decisión propició un clima de inseguridad generalizada y se incrementaron los delitos de alto impacto como las ejecuciones arbitrarias, la tortura y la desaparición forzada. En este contexto de violencia, algunos grupos de la sociedad recurrieron a la seguridad privada a través de la contratación de paramilitares en San Pedro Garza García, en Nuevo León, y la formación de autodefensas en algunos municipios de Michoacán. Este problema exhibió la incapacidad del Estado para proveer seguridad pública y la situación de algunos territorios que formalmente estaban gobernados por los poderes constituidos, pero materialmente estaban subyugados en un orden normativo paralelo contrario a laconstitución y, en algunas ocasiones, controlados totalmente por el crimen organizado.
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Almeida, Gallo Fernanda 1979. "As formas do crime organizado." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281284.
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Orientador: Thomas Patrick DwyerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T06:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlmeidaGallo_Fernanda_D.pdf: 11382311 bytes, checksum: 777bc26194ef591dd24090b4e765a157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Na presente tese explorou-se o Relatório da CPI do Narcotráfico como fonte de dados principal. Através do método indutivo da "Grounded Theory", pôde-se explorar, selecionar e se aprofundar na investigação de seis casos brasileiros que versavam sobre o próprio tráfico de drogas e crimes conexos que, por sua vez, levaram a um estudo sobre organizações do crime organizado. Esses seis casos foram analisados a partir da sociologia formal de Simmel que me conduziu a um estudo sobre as formas acionadas pelo crime organizado, até então inédito na Sociologia. Dentre as principais contribuições e descobertas é possível elencar 1) o uso de metodologias informacionais, como as análises de redes sociais, que permitiram a reconstrução organizacional (e das redes) acionadas pelos grupos estudados e com isso, ajudaram a alcançar um nível de abstração tal que permitiu pensar acerca dos tipos organizacionais acionados por esses grupos; 2) a descoberta do nível meso de análise alcançada através do uso de relatórios e investigações políticas; 3) a percepção sobre a existência de um terceiro tipo organizacional que transita entre as hierarquias e as redes, que denomino como híbrido. Essa tipologia foi percebida na quase totalidade dos casos estudados e, nacional e internacionalmente contextualizada, onde foram encontrados paralelos em casos chineses, canadenses, colombianos e mexicanos. Na tentativa de entender o desenvolvimento do híbrido nos casos estudados, levantei algumas hipóteses, dentre as quais destaco: as TIC¿s influenciam no desenvolvimento de organizações criminosas híbridas
Abstract: In this thesis the Drug Trafficking Report from the Brazilian parliament (lower house) Investigation Commission (CPI) is analyzed as primary data source. By using the inductive Grounded Theory methodology, I was able to explore, select and deepen the investigation into six Brazilian criminal drug trafficking cases and related crimes, resulting in a body of knowledge about the structures and organization of the organized crime. These six cases were analyzed throughout Simmel¿s "formal Sociology" lenses, resulting in a study of the forms employed by the organized crime, a novel result. Main contributions and discoveries in this thesis are: (1) the first reconstruction and abstraction of the organizational networks of Brazilian organized crime by using informational methodologies, (2) the first characterization of the organized crime networks at the analytical "meso"-level, by using a triangulation of methodologies, and (3) the identification of a third organizational class, called here hybrid - a merge between hierarchical and mesh organization. In special, the hybrid organizational type was detected in almost all cases studied and parallels were found to international cases (Chinese, Canadian, Colombian and Mexican). These parallels enabled me to postulate some hypothesis for future work, the most noteworthy relating the pervasive IT and the hybrid organizational class
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutora em Ciências Sociais
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Wright, Scott A. "Transnational organized crime : a review of offense types and law enforcement response." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1340.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Criminal Justice
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Iita, Lammi. "Organiserad brottslighet som straffskärpningsgrund : Organized crime as a ground to harshen penalties." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412002.
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CALDERONI, FRANCESCO. "ASSESSING HARMONIZATION AND APPROXIMATION OF ORGANIZED CRIME LEGISLATION AMONG EU MEMBER STATES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/487.
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La ricerca fornisce una valutazione del livello di armonizzazione e di ravvicinamento della legislazione in materia di criminalità organizzata tra gli stati membri dell'Unione Europea. La valutazione è realizzata mediante due set di indicatori e si basa su diverse fonti di dati.
La valutazione dell'armonizzazione individua somiglianze e differenze tra la norme nazionali degli stati membri su specifici aspetti della legislazione penale in materia di criminalità organizzata.
La valutazione del ravvicinamento individua il livello di conformità con i requisiti prescritti dalla Decisione quadro 2008/841/GAI relativa alla lotta alla criminalità organizzataThe research provides an assessment of the level of harmonization and approximation of organized crime legislation among EU MS.The assessment is made through two sets of indicators and is based on multiple sources of data. The assessment of harmonization identifies similarities and differences among Member States national norms on specific issues of criminal legislation in the sector of organized crime. The assesssment of approximation identifies the level of compliance with the requirements set by the Framework Decision 2008/841/GAI on the Fight against Organized Crime
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CALDERONI, FRANCESCO. "ASSESSING HARMONIZATION AND APPROXIMATION OF ORGANIZED CRIME LEGISLATION AMONG EU MEMBER STATES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/487.
Full textAbstract:
La ricerca fornisce una valutazione del livello di armonizzazione e di ravvicinamento della legislazione in materia di criminalità organizzata tra gli stati membri dell'Unione Europea. La valutazione è realizzata mediante due set di indicatori e si basa su diverse fonti di dati.
La valutazione dell'armonizzazione individua somiglianze e differenze tra la norme nazionali degli stati membri su specifici aspetti della legislazione penale in materia di criminalità organizzata.
La valutazione del ravvicinamento individua il livello di conformità con i requisiti prescritti dalla Decisione quadro 2008/841/GAI relativa alla lotta alla criminalità organizzataThe research provides an assessment of the level of harmonization and approximation of organized crime legislation among EU MS.The assessment is made through two sets of indicators and is based on multiple sources of data. The assessment of harmonization identifies similarities and differences among Member States national norms on specific issues of criminal legislation in the sector of organized crime. The assesssment of approximation identifies the level of compliance with the requirements set by the Framework Decision 2008/841/GAI on the Fight against Organized Crime
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Santos, Viviane Fernanda dos. "A lei do desejo ou o desejo da lei? Pacto edípico e pacto social no sentimento de pertença familiar de adolescentes em conflito com a lei /." Assis : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97665.
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Orientador: Marlene Castro WaidemanBanca: Maria Luisa Louro de Castro Valente
Banca: Lucia Helena Tiosso Moretti
Resumo: Esta pesquisa nasce da experiência de alguns anos de acompanhamento psicossocial a adolescentes que cometeram atos infracionais, cumprindo medida sócio-educativa de internação em uma das unidades da FEBEM, hoje chamada de Fundação CASA. Partindo da perplexidade diante do mundo entre grades e muralhas que o trabalho cotidiano desvela, este estudo vai tomando direção com a lapidação de sentimentos e com a incessante busca de sentido para as relações que o 'outro' mundo revela. A organização peculiar do grupo de internos, regida por códigos e regras trazidas das leis do 'crime organizado', cuja história e relações com a dinâmica dos adolescentes são traçadas, inclusive em suas peculiaridades institucionais, demanda o questionamento da 'lei' que nos fundamenta a viver em sociedade. Diante do trânsito constante entre vítimas e agressores, pacto edípico e pacto social aparecem com toda a contradição evidenciada nas histórias familiares e na cultura institucional criada por esses meninos - homens - vítimas - bandidos. A despeito das considerações do vivido durante esses anos de trabalho, especialmente em 2003, o material de análise é produzido por meio de entrevistas a três adolescentes, cuja investigação fora pautada nas relações do adolescente com sua família, com a lei social e com a lei do crime, fundamentada pela teoria e método psicanalíticos, via leitura do sentimento de pertença familiar exposto por cada um deles. Tendo como objetivo geral analisar a relação entre crime e violência com o sentido de lei introjetado pelo adolescente no decorrer de sua história, da qual faz sua leitura expondo o inconsciente familiar que fundamenta seu sentimento de pertença... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research is based on the experience of some years of psychosocial accompaniment to adolescents that committed acts of infraction, accomplishing socio-educational measure of internment in the units of internment of former FEBEM, today called CASA Foundation. Considering the perplexity of the world's view behind bars and walls that the daily work demonstrates, this study will be molded by the feelings and with the incessant sense pursuit of different kinds of relationships that the other world reveals. The peculiar organization of the interns' group, governed by codes and rules brought of the organized crime, whose history and relationship with the adolescents' dynamics are traced, besides in their institutional peculiarities, the questioning of the law that bases the living in society. Facing the constant transit between victims and aggressors, edipic pact and social pact appears controversial and evidenced in their family histories and in the institutional culture created by those boys - men - victims - thieves. In spite of the experience of those years of work, especially in 2003, the material was analyzed and produced through interviews at three adolescents that they were deprived of freedom, whose investigation was ruled in the adolescent's relationships with their family, with the social law and with the law of the crime, based by the theory and method psychoanalytic, through comprehension of the feeling of belongs exposed for the adolescents. Tends as general objective to analyze the relationship among crime and violence with the sense of law introjected for the adolescent in elapsing their familiar history, which makes their interpretation by exposing their family unconscious that bases their feeling of belonging, we analyzed the effect of the execution or breaking... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Sabašinskas, Vytautas. "Bendrininkavimo formos LR BK ir jų baudžiamasis teisinis vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061213_133331-89069.
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Summary
The master thesis presents legal analysis of forms of complicity in the Criminal Code of Republic of Lithuania. The institute of complicity presents rather complicated structure within the Criminal Law. The modern system of forms of complicity consists of three members: group of accomplices, organized group and criminal association. The theory of Criminal Law is trying to find ways of justifying the construction, presented by the legislator.
The forms of complicity as a topic of analysis have a great importance for the court practice, whereas courts’ decisions depend on the proving of marks and features of complicity. The legal regulation of complicity has been changed by the legislator. The new Criminal Code of 2000 regulates forms of complicity and constitutes new features of them. The regulation is new. The forms of complicity were not present in the old Criminal Code. In addition to that, different doctrines of law separate different features of forms of complicity. It is important systemize them theoretically.
The new regulation of forms of complicity is important not only because of new features of the forms, but also the estimation of them present difficulties in various criminal cases. Thus, the author presents valuable analysis and different suggestions for establishing forms of complicity in different criminal cases. Examples from cases are widely analyzed and discussed. The existing doctrine is based on the Criminal Code of 1961. The doctrine of law is... [to full text]