Academic literature on the topic 'Organochlorine insecticides'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organochlorine insecticides"
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Poniman, Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowowati, and Muhammad Helmi. "Geospatial distributions of organochlorine insecticide in shallot agriculture land at Wanasari sub-district, Brebes regency, Central Java, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206009.
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The organochlorine insecticide is a POPs compound that was monitored according to the Stockholm convention in 2003 because it can cause environmental damage and threaten human health. The study of the distribution of organochlorine insecticides on onion farms has been carried out in the village area in Wanasari sub-District and Brebes Regency. This study was conducted in March-June 2019, with the scope of soil sampling, organochlorine insecticide residue analysis, and spline interpolation. To determine the number of organochlorine insecticide residues using the SNI 06-6991.1-2004 method, while to determine the distribution pattern using the Spline interpolation method with the ArcGIS 10.4. In preparing geospatial residues, we use the ratio of the maximum residual limit (MRLs) of each organochlorine active ingredient. These research sites can be categorized as severe pollution of OCPs insecticides. In this study OCPs residues (Aldrin, Lindane, and Heptachlor, DDT, Endrin, and Dieldrin) can be found with concentrations above the MRLs requirements. OCPs residues with very high range characteristics are shown by Aldrin, DDT, Endrin, and Dieldrin each of more than 50% of the total observed land area. Point numbers six detected all OCPs residues were observed with concentrations exceeding MRLs.
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Putri, Anggia Cahyati. "Pengaruh Insektisida Organoklorin Endosulfan Terhadap Daya Tetas Telur Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)." BioScience 1, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/02017117431-0-00.
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Uncontrolled usage of pesticides can contaminate the environment such as water, soil, and air. This occurs because the residue of pesticides. One of them, organochlorine insecticides have widely used by farmers because it is persistent. This study aims to look at the effects caused by organochlorine insecticide endosulfan on hatchability of eggs tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research was conducted CRD with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Concentrations of organochlorine endosulfan in treatment are determined based on the LC50. The treatment use organochlorine endosulfan at concentrations of 0.00395%, 0.00400%, 0.00405%, 0.00410% and 0.00415%. Then they observed for 4 days (96 hours). The data obtained and analyzed by ANOVA and followed by DNMRT (Duncan's New Multiple Range Test). The result showed organochlorine insecticide endosulfan significantly (p<0,05) affect hatchability of eggs tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), but no significant effect on larval abnormalities. Hatchability of eggs tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the highest larval abnormalities are found in P1 which is a control treatment. While the hatchability of eggs and larvae abnormalities lowest for the P6 treatment with concentrations of endosulfan treatment 0.00415%.Keywords: endosulfan, Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), hatchability
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Woreta, Danuta. "Control of cockchafer Melolontha spp. grubs – a review of methods." Folia Forestalia Polonica 57, no. 1 (2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0005.
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Abstract The paper presents a review of information on control measures used to prevent damages due to cockchafer Melolontha spp. grubs in European countries including Poland. There are described the methods used at times when mechanical and chemical treatments were applied as well as those under advanced research. In the past, cockchafer grubs were manually removed from plowed soils. Later on, chemical pest control commenced in plant protection practice, and a range of insecticides were either spotted directly onto plants or applied into planting rows, otherwise an entire planting area was treated. In that case, powder or granular insecticide formulations were mixed with upper soil layers, but liquid insecticides were poured into the soil around seedlings. The active substance of initial plant protection products used in Poland to control cockchafer grubs was lindane (organochlorine neurotoxin), which showed pretty high efficacy. Nevertheless, organochlorine products must have been withdrawn from the market and less damaging to the environment pesticides (organophosphates and carbamates) were recommended for use in forest protection against cockchafer grubs. As a result of progressive restrictions concerning application of chemicals into forest environment, alternate solutions have been sought, e.g. biological methods of cockchafer grub control have been tested. Up to date studies showed insecticidal properties of bacteria, fungi and nematodes. However, even though the knowledge and awareness of practitioners have raised with time, the problem of cockchafer grub populations damaging forest crops has not yet been solved and seems to be more and more difficult to overcome.
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Ghosh, Rakesh Kumar, Deb Prasad Ray, and Somsubhra Chakraborty. "Biodegradation of organochlorine insecticides-A review." International Journal of Bioresource Science 2, no. 3 (2015): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-9541.2015.00017.1.
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Harris, C. R., and S. A. Turnbull. "CONTACT TOXICITY OF SOME PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TO INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE AND PYRETHROID-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 118, no. 11 (1986): 1173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1181173-11.
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AbstractLaboratory tests showed that a Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), strain collected from potatoes on a farm near Sherbrooke, Quebec, and known in 1979 to be resistant to most recommended organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides, also had developed 23- to 38-fold levels of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and cypermethrin by 1982. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) had only a minor effect on fenvalerate and deltamethrin toxicity to insecticide-susceptible CPB and on deltamethrin toxicity to pyrethroid-resistant CPB. However, PB effectively synergized fenvalerate in pyrethroid-resistant CPB, e.g. a 1:8 fenvalerate:PB mixture was 12-fold more toxic than fenvalerate alone.
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Sevalkar, Murlidhar T., Vitthal Patil, and Harischandra N. Katkar. "Zinc Chloride-Diphenylamine Reagent for Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection of Some Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 3 (1991): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.3.545.
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Abstract Zinc chlorlde-diphenylamlne reagent, whose use has been reported for the detection of organochlorine insecticides by thin layer chromatography, was further studied for its ability to detect the organophosphorus insecticides phorate, phosphamldon, DDVP, and phosalone and the carbamate Insecticides carbaryl and aldicarb. These Insecticides give Intense blue-green spots with this reagent. The procedure can be applied to the detection of the insecticides in biological materials and thus has a potential use in forensic toxicology
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O'Reilly, Andrias O., Bhupinder P. S. Khambay, Martin S. Williamson, Linda M. Field, B. A. WAllace, and T. G. Emyr Davies. "Modelling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel." Biochemical Journal 396, no. 2 (2006): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051925.
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A homology model of the housefly voltage-gated sodium channel was developed to predict the location of binding sites for the insecticides fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, and DDT an early generation organochlorine. The model successfully addresses the state-dependent affinity of pyrethroid insecticides, their mechanism of action and the role of mutations in the channel that are known to confer insecticide resistance. The sodium channel was modelled in an open conformation with the insecticide-binding site located in a hydrophobic cavity delimited by the domain II S4-S5 linker and the IIS5 and IIIS6 helices. The binding cavity is predicted to be accessible to the lipid bilayer and therefore to lipid-soluble insecticides. The binding of insecticides and the consequent formation of binding contacts across different channel elements could stabilize the channel when in an open state, which is consistent with the prolonged sodium tail currents induced by pyrethroids and DDT. In the closed state, the predicted alternative positioning of the domain II S4-S5 linker would result in disruption of pyrethroid-binding contacts, consistent with the observation that pyrethroids have their highest affinity for the open channel. The model also predicts a key role for the IIS5 and IIIS6 helices in insecticide binding. Some of the residues on the helices that form the putative binding contacts are not conserved between arthropod and non-arthropod species, which is consistent with their contribution to insecticide species selectivity. Additional binding contacts on the II S4-S5 linker can explain the higher potency of pyrethroid insecticides compared with DDT.
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Novak, Igor, and Branka Kovač. "Electronic structure of pesticides: 1. Organochlorine insecticides." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 184, no. 8-10 (2011): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2011.05.003.
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Lal, Rup, P. S. Dhanaraj, and V. V. S. Narayana Rao. "Residues of organochlorine insecticides in Delhi vegetables." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42-42, no. 1 (1989): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01699202.
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Knight, Scott S., and Charles M. Cooper. "Insecticide and metal contamination of a mixed cover agricultural watershed." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (1996): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0052.
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Although pesticides used to control detrimental insects have changed since the wide spread use of highly persistent organochlorine insecticides in the 1940s through the 1970s, pesticides still present environmental problems. Random sampling of major watershed features of Otoucalofa Creek was conducted to study the distribution and concentration of residual and current use insecticides and metals in a mixed cover agricultural watershed. Samples of water, soil, sediment and fishes were taken from Otoucalofa Creek watershed and tested for 23 contaminants, including persistent organochlorine and current-use insecticides, PCBs and metals. Otoucalofa Creek watershed was chosen because of its location in the loess hills of northern Mississippi, USA, and the fact that its drainage includes 10,100 hectares of forest, 6,100 hectares of rowcrops, 4,900 hectares of pasture, and the small town of Water Valley (pop. 4,147). The greatest concentrations of insecticides were found in fish, but the highest concentrations of metals were found in soil and sediments. Six of 7 metals and 11 of 15 insecticides tested were present in fish samples. Arsenic and mercury averaged 0.67 μg/g and 0.31 μg/g, respectively, in soil samples and 0.25 μg/g and 0.03 μg/g in sediment samples, but were in lower concentrations in fish tissue. Relatively high concentrations of zinc were found in soil and sediment. DDT and its metabolites averaged 118 ng/g in fish, averaged only 1.90 ng/g in sediments and were undetectable in soil. Contamination of water was dependent upon storm related discharge and is therefore a transient phenomenon. Water samples taken during normal flow had the lowest concentrations of both metals and insecticides. Storm flow (High Stage) samples had significantly higher concentrations of insecticides and metals than did normal flow. Since arsenic is the only persistent contaminant still being applied to agricultural land, concentrations of residual insecticides should steadily decline. Current use insecticides were only detected seasonally and in extremely low concentrations, however, this transient, short term exposure, which may not have been as detrimental with less toxic organochlorine pesticides, is more significant with acutely toxic current use compounds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organochlorine insecticides"
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Boryslawskyj, Michael. "The dynamics and effects of persistent organochlorine insecticides in a freshwater system." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292246.
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Merlin, Chloé. "Recherche de la signature biologique de la dégradation du chlordécone dans le sol des Antilles françaises." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS001/document.
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L’utilisation du chlordécone (CLD) pour éradiquer les populations de charançon noir dans les bananeraies des Antilles françaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique) entre 1972 et 1993 a conduit à la contamination des sols et de l’environnement. Cet insecticide organochloré très hydrophobe persiste dans les sols d’où il transfère lentement vers les ressources en eau et vers les biotes terrestre et aquatique (plantes, animaux, poissons, crustacées). Réputé « indégradable », le CLD résiste à la photolyse, à l’hydrolyse et à la biodégradation. A ce jour, il n’existe pas de méthode pour remédier les 20 000 hectares de sols pollués avec cet insecticide. Compte-tenu de l’étendue de la pollution avec le CLD, les procédés biologiques de décontamination paraissent appropriés au contexte antillais. Les objectifs de mon travail de thèse étaient d’explorer les possibilités de transformation microbienne du CLD et l’impact écotoxicologique du CLD sur la communauté microbienne des sols. Mes travaux reposent sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle des populations microbiennes exposées de manière chronique au CLD se seraient adaptées à sa dégradation pour détoxifier leur environnement ou éventuellement pour l’utiliser comme source d’énergie pour leur croissance. Pour cela, j’ai développé une méthode d’analyse du CLD dans les sols et les cultures microbiennes basée sur l’isotopie stable. J’ai conduit des expériences d’enrichissement à partir de sols de Guadeloupe pollués avec le CLD. Une centaine de souches fongiques et près de 200 souches bactériennes ont été isolées. Aucunes souches bactériennes dégradantes n’ont pu être mises en évidence bien que certaines formaient un halo de dissolution du CLD sur milieu gélosé. Parmi les isolats fongiques, seul F. oxysporum sp. MIAE01197 se développait sur un milieu minéral contenant le CLD comme seul source de carbone et dissipait 40% du CLD. Cet isolat était deux fois plus tolérant au CLD qu’un isolat de référence jamais exposé au CLD. Cet isolat minéralisait très peu le 14C-CLD, formait très peu de 14C-métabolites, mais le 14C-CLD s’adsorbait sur les parois fongiques, suggérant que l’adsorption était le principal mécanisme impliqué dans la dissipation du CLD. L’analyse de trois autres isolats appartenant au genre Aspergillus a confirmé que l’exposition au CLD était un des paramètres améliorant la tolérance des souches fongiques au CLD et que la biomasse fongique était capable d’adsorber le CLD dans des proportions proches de celles obtenues avec du charbon actif utilisé pour traiter l’eau potable aux Antilles. L’évaluation de l’impact écotoxicologique du CLD sur la communauté microbienne et les fonctions qu’elle supporte a été menée sur deux sols aux propriétés physicochimiques contrastées n’ayant jamais été exposés au CLD. L’analyse de la structure globale (évaluée par RISA), de l’abondance et de l’activité de la communauté microbienne du sol argilo-limoneux n’étaient pas affectées par le CLD. En revanche, la composition taxonomique (qPCR) et l’activité respiratoire de la communauté microbienne étaient affectées par le CLD dans le sol sableux. Ces résultats montrent que la toxicité du CLD pour la communauté microbienne dépend des propriétés physicochimiques du sol qui conditionne sa biodisponibilité. Des études complémentaires devront être menées pour évaluer la toxicité possible du CLD sur des fonctions écosystémiques des sols des AntillesThe use of chlordecone (CLD) to eradicate the weevil populations in the banana plantations in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) between 1972 and 1993 led to the contamination of the soil and the environment. This very hydrophobic organochlorine insecticide persists in the soil where it slowly transfers not only to the water resources but also to terrestrial and aquatic biota (plants, animals, fishes, shellfishes). Deemed “non-degradable”, CLD is resistant to photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation. To date, there is no method to remediate the 20,000 hectares of polluted soil with this insecticide. Given the extent of CLD pollution, biological decontamination processes appear appropriate to the Caribbean context. The objectives of my thesis were to explore the possibilities of microbial transformation of CLD and to assess the ecotoxicological impact of CLD on the soil microbial community. My work is based on the hypothesis that microbial populations chronically exposed to CLD would be adapted to its degradation to detoxify their environment or possibly for use as an energy source for growth.To do so, I developed an analysis method in soils and microbial cultures based on the use of stable isotope to trace CLD. I conducted enrichment experiments with CLD polluted soils from Guadeloupe yielding in the isolation of one hundred fungal strains and nearly two hundred bacterial strains. No degrading bacterial strains have been identified although few of them formed dissolution halo of CLD on solid media. Among the fungal isolates, only F. oxysporum sp. MIAE01197 grew on a mineral medium containing CLD as sole carbon source and dissipated 40% of the CLD. This isolate was twice more tolerant than the reference isolate which had never been exposed to CLD. This isolate mineralizes 14C-CLD very lowly, formed very few 14C-metabolites, but the 14C-CLD was adsorbed on the fungal cell walls, suggesting that the adsorption was the main mechanism involved in the dissipation of the CLD. Analysis of three other isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus confirmed that exposure to CLD was one of the parameters improving the tolerance of fungal strains to CLD and fungal biomass was capable of adsorbing the CLD in proportions close to those obtained with activated carbon used to treat drinking water in the French West Indies.The assessment of the CLD ecotoxicological impact on the microbial community and functions it supports was carried out on two soils never exposed to CLD showing contrasting physicochemical properties. The analysis of the overall structure (evaluated by RISA), the abundance and the activity of the microbial community of the silty-clay soil were not affected by the CLD. However, the taxonomic composition (evaluated by group specific qPCR) and respiratory activity of the microbial community were affected by the CLD in the sandy soil. These results showed that the toxicity of CLD for microbial community depends on the physicochemical properties of the soil which may determine its bioavailability. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible toxicity of the CLD on Caribbean soil ecosystemic functions
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Nascimento, Felipe Parra do. "Exposição a substâncias organocloradas em São Paulo: níveis séricos em doadores de sangue e fatores associados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-20062016-142027/.
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A utilização de pesticidas organoclorados é motivo de preocupação das entidades ligadas à área de saúde em todo o mundo. Apesar de as formas de contaminação serem bem conhecidas, não há um controle eficaz na fiscalização do seu uso no Brasil. Sabe-se que altos níveis séricos destes compostos nos organismos de seres humanos e animais acarretam sérios problemas de saúde. Tendo em vista essa realidade, foi realizado, em 2009, o Projeto Piloto do I Inquérito Nacional de Populações Expostas a Substâncias Químicas, cujo subprojeto \"doadores de sangue\" teve como objetivo mensurar as concentrações de substâncias químicas no sangue de 547 residentes da região metropolitana de São Paulo, dentre elas os pesticidas organoclorados. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar as concentrações dos pesticidas hexaclorobenzeno (HCB), alfa-HCH, ?-HCH, beta-HCH, beta-HCH, heptacloro, heptacloro epóxido, dieldrin, mirex, o,p\'-DDT, p,p\'-DDT, o,p\'-DDE, p,p\'-DDE, o,p\'-DDD e p,p\'-DDD nesta população e compará-las com as encontradas em outros países e determinar fatores associados aos níveis mais elevados destas substâncias. O método analítico utilizado foi de cromatografia a gás. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a população adulta de São Paulo não está exposta a níveis preocupantes de pesticidas organoclorados, pois dentre os compostos analisados, apenas o beta-HCH e o p,p\'-DDE tiveram um número significante de amostras acima do limite de quantificação, 10,7% e 31,2% das amostras respectivamente. Quando utilizada a metade do limite de quantificação para substituir os valores abaixo do limite de quantificação do método, o valor médio encontrado para o beta-HCH foi de 0,028 ug/dL e para o p,p\'-DDE foi de 0,045 ug/dL. Este estudo propôs dois modelos multivariados para explicar os fatores associados aos compostos beta-HCH e p,p\'-DDE no sangue dos doadores. Segundo o modelo de Regressão Logística Ordinal Multivariado, os fatores associados a níveis mais altos de beta-HCH foram ter idade entre 26 e 45 anos e ser do sexo feminino. Para o p,p\'-DDE os fatores associados a níveis mais altos foram ter idade entre 26 e 45 anos, ser do sexo feminino e ter trabalhado com pesticidas, enquanto receber renda mensal de 3 a 5 salários mínimos e consumir derivados de origem animal uma ou mais vezes por semana foram associados a níveis mais baixos de p,p\'-DDE. Segundo o modelo de Regressão Linear Múltipla, os fatores associados a níveis mais altos de beta-HCH foram o sexo feminino, ter contato prévio com pesticidas na região agrícola, ter trabalhado com pesticidas em campanhas de saúde pública, ter trabalhado em empresas de capacitores ou transformadores, ter trabalhado em indústrias de solventes clorados, ter renda mensal de 3 a 5 salários mínimos, consumo de carnes uma ou duas vezes por semana e consumo de frutos do mar uma ou duas vezes por semana, enquanto consumo frequente de cerveja e ter renda mensal de 1 a 3 salários mínimos foram associado a níveis menores de beta-HCH. Já para o p,p\'-DDE, os fatores associados a níveis mais elevados foram ser do sexo feminino, ser não branco, ter trabalhado com pesticidas e consumir água de fontes que não sejam minerais ou de rede, enquanto o consumo frequente de bebidas alcoólicas foi associado a níveis mais baixos de p,p\'-DDEThe use of organochlorine pesticides is a cause of concern to the entities of the health field worldwide. Although the ways of contamination are well known, there is no effective surveillance of its use on Brazil. It\'s known that high levels of these compounds on human beings and animals entails serious health problems. Foreseeing this reality, a Pilot study of the 1st National Inquiry of Populations Exposed to Chemical Compounds was carried out in 2009, in a subproject called \"blood donors\" had the objective to measure the concentrations of chemical compounds on serum from 547 residents of the metropolitan area of São Paulo, among them, the organochlorine pesticides. This study had as objectives to evaluate the levels of the pesticides hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alfa-HCH, beta-HCH, beta-HCH, beta-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, mirex, o,p\'-DDT, p,p\'-DDT, o,p\'-DDE, p,p\'-DDE, o,p\'-DDD e p,p\'-DDD on blood donors and compare these with the ones found on other countries and to find out factors associated with higher levels of those compounds in the population. The analytical method used was gas chromatography. The results of this study indicate that, overall, the population in São Paulo is not exposed to high levels of these compounds because of all compounds analyzed, only beta-HCH and p,p\'-DDE had a significative number of samples above the quantification limit, 10,7% and 31,2% of the samples respectively. Using the half of the quantification limit to substitute the values below the quantification limit, the beta-HCH mean level was 0.028 ug/dL and p,p\'-DDE mean level was 0.045 ug/dL. This study proposed two multivariate models to explain the factors associated with beta-HCH and p,p\'-DDE blood levels. According to the Multivariable Ordinal Logistic Regression model, the factors associated with higher levels of beta-HCH were age between 26 and 45 years and female gender. For the p,p\'-DDE, the associated factors with higher levels were age between 26 to 45 years, female gender and previous work with pesticides while having income of 3 to 5 minimum wages and consumption of derivates of animal origin at least once per week were associated to lower levels of p,p\'-DDE. According to the Multiple Linear Regression model, the factors associated with higher levels of beta-HCH were female gender, previous contact with pesticides on agricultural region, working with pesticides on campaigns of public health, in companies of capacitators or transformers, in companies of chlorinated solvents, having income of 3 to 5 minimum wages, consumption of meat once or twice per week, and consumption of seafood once or twice per week, while frequent consumption of beer and income of 1 to 3 minimum wages lead to lower levels of beta-HCH. Factors associated with higher levels of p,p\'-DDE were female gender, being non-white, previous work with pesticides and consumption of water from sources that not mineral or mains, while frequent consumption of alcohol were associated with lower levels of p,p\'-DDE
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Leblanc, Alix. "Effets d’un mélange de polluants organiques persistants sur le métabolisme hépatique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P629/document.
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Des études épidémiologiques ont montré que l’exposition à certains xénobiotiques est associée à une augmentation de la prévalence des maladies métaboliques. L’Homme est exposé à des mélanges de xénobiotiques de manière chronique et inévitable. Nous avons étudié les effets de l’interaction de deux xénobiotiques sur le métabolisme du foie, organe majeur de détoxification de l’organisme. Nous avons choisi deux perturbateurs endocriniens et polluants organiques persistants, qui activent des voies de signalisation différentes: la 2, 3, 7, 8 tétrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine (TCDD), agissant via le récepteur aux hydrocarbures aromatiques (AhR), et l’α-endosulfan, un pesticide organochloré, qui peut agir via la voie du récepteur aux oestrogènes (ER) ou du récepteur X aux pregnanes (PXR). Notre objectif est de déterminer l’effet du mélange de ces polluants par rapport à chaque polluant isolé sur la régulation de certaines voies du métabolisme hépatique in vitro dans la lignée hépatocytaire humaine, HepaRG. Dans une première publication, une étude du transcriptome de cellules HepaRG différenciées a été effectuée. Ces cellules ont été exposées pendant 30 heures à 25nM de TCDD, 10μM d’α-endosulfan, ou au mélange. Nous avons observé que le mélange inhibe fortement l’expression de certains gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme glucidique et dans celui des alcools. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons donc étudié le mécanisme d’action du mélange sur le métabolisme glucidique. L’expression de deux gènes de la néoglucogenèse hépatique, le transporteur de glucose 2 (Glut2) et la glucose 6 phosphatase (G6Pc), est réduite de plus de 80% par le mélange. L’expression d’autres gènes du métabolisme glucidique (pyruvate kinase, glycogène synthase, glycogène phosphorylase, pyruvate déhydrogénase 2) est aussi diminuée, suggérant que le mélange peut affecter ce métabolisme de manière significative. De plus, la production de glucose diminue de 80% avec le mélange dans des conditions néoglucogéniques. En condition glycolytique, l’oxydation du glucose en CO2 diminue de 30% après 72 heures d’exposition au mélange. Un traitement à plus long terme (8 jours) avec des doses plus faibles des polluants (0.2 à 5nM de TCDD, 3μM d’α-endosulfan) diminue aussi l’expression de la G6Pc et de Glut2. Nous avons montré que la TCDD active bien la voie du AhR, et que le ER est impliqué dans l’action de l’α-endosulfan. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, nous avons étudié la régulation de plusieurs enzymes impliquées dans le métabolisme de l’alcool (alcool déshydrogénases, ADHs, cytochrome P450 2E1, CYP2E1) après l’activation du AhR. Les agonistes du AhR entrainent la diminution de l’expression des ARNm des ADH1, 4, 6 et du CYP2E1 et des protéines correspondantes. Nous avons montré que cette régulation utilise la voie génomique du AhR. De plus, cet effet est également observé après traitement de 8 jours par de faibles doses de TCDD. L’exposition chronique de l’Homme à de faibles doses de xénobiotiques en mélange pourrait affecter le métabolisme glucidique hépatique et contribuer, en partie, au développement du syndrome métaboliqueEpidemiological studies have shown that exposure to certain xenobiotics is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. Humans are exposed to mixtures of xenobiotics in a chronic and inevitable way. We studied the effects of the interaction of two xenobiotics on metabolism in the liver, the major organ for detoxification in the body. We chose two endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants which activate different signaling pathways: 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which uses the AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor) pathway, and α-endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, which acts via the PXR (pregnane X receptor) and/or the ER (estrogen receptor) pathway. Our aim was to determine the effects of this pollutant mixture, as compared to each pollutant alone, on the regulation in vitro of some hepatic metabolism pathways in the human hepatic cell line, HepaRG. In the first publication, a transcriptomic study of differentiated HepaRG cells was performed. The cells were exposed for 30h to 25nM TCDD, to 10 µM α-endosulfan or to the mixture. We observed that the mixture strongly inhibited the expression of some genes involved in the metabolism of glucose and alcohol. In the second study, we studied the mechanism of action of the mixture of pollutants on the metabolism of glucose. The expression of two genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), were reduced 80% by the mixture. The expression of other glucose metabolism genes (pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase 2) also was decreased suggesting that the mixture might impact markedly carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, glucose production decreased 40% with the mixture under gluconeogenic conditions. Under glycolytic conditions, the oxidation of glucose into CO2 decreased 30% after 72h of exposure of the cells to the mixture. Long-term treatment (8 days) with lower doses (0.2 to 5 nM TCDD, 3 µM α-endosulfan) similarly decreased G6Pc and GLUT2 expression. We showed that TCDD activated the AhR pathway, and that ER was partly involved in the α-endosulfan effect. In the third part of this thesis, we studied the regulation of several enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol (alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH, cytochrome P450 2E1, CYP2E1) after activation of AhR. AhR agonists led to a decrease in the amounts of mRNAs for ADH1, 4, 6 and CYP2E1 and the corresponding proteins. We showed that this regulation uses the AhR genomic pathway. Furthermore, this effect was also observed after 8 days of treatment with lower doses of TCDD. Chronic exposure of individuals to low doses of xenobiotics in mixtures might significantly affect hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and be a contributing factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome
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Bertrand, Anne-Valérie. "Insecticides organochlorés et faune aviaire : bilan de la contamination et des effets toxiques." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P090.
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Shirley, Matt, and n/a. "Characterisation of an 84 kb linear plasmid that encodes DDE cometabolism in Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060804.094902.
Full textAbstract:
DDT, an extremely widely used organochlorine pesticide, was banned in most developed countries more than 30 years ago. However, DDT residues, including 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), still persist in the environment and have been identified as priority pollutants due to their toxicity and their ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food chain. In particular, DDE was long believed to be "enon-biodegradable"e, however some microorganisms have now been isolated that are able to metabolise DDE in pure culture. Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1 was enriched from a DDT-contaminated agricultural soil from the Canterbury plains and is able to metabolise DDE to 4-chlorobenzoic acid when induced with biphenyl. The primary objective of this study was to identify the gene(s) responsible for Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1�s ability to metabolise DDE and, in particular, to investigate the hypothesis that DDE-1 degrades DDE cometabolically via a biphenyl degradation pathway. Catabolism of biphenyl by strain DDE-1 was demonstrated, and a biphenyl degradation (bph) gene cluster containing bphDA1A2A3A4BCST genes was identified. The bphDA1A2A3A4BC genes are predicted to encode a biphenyl degradation upper pathway for the degradation of biphenyl to benzoate and cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate and the bphST genes are predicted to encode a two-component signal transduction system involved in regulation of biphenyl catabolism. The bph gene cluster was found to be located on a linear plasmid, designated pBPH1. A plasmid-cured strain (MJ-2) was unable to catabolise both biphenyl and DDE, supporting the hypothesis that strain DDE-1 degrades DDE cometabolically via the biphenyl degradation pathway. Furthermore, preliminary evidence from DDE overlayer agar plate assays suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the strain DDE-1 bphA1A2A3A4BC genes is able to catabolise DDE when grown in the presence of biphenyl.
A second objective of this study was to characterise pBPH1. The complete 84,054-bp sequence of the plasmid was determined. Annotation of the DNA sequence data revealed seventy-six ORFs predicted to encode proteins, four pseudogenes, and ten gene fragments. Putative functions were assigned to forty-two of the ORF and pseudogenes. Besides biphenyl catabolism, the major functional classes of the predicted proteins were transposition, regulation, heavy metal transport/resistance, and plasmid maintenance and replication. It was shown that pBPH1 has the terminal structural features of an actinomycete invertron, including terminal proteins and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). This is the first report detailing the nucleotide sequence and characterisation of a (linear) plasmid from the genus Terrabacter.
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Létondor, Clarisse. "Etude des mécanismes histologiques et physiologiques du transfert de la chlordécone (insecticide organochlore) dans les vegetaux." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0008/document.
Full textAbstract:
La chlordécone (CLD) est un insecticide organochloré qui a été utilisé principalement aux Antilles pour lutter contre le charançon du bananier (Cosmopolites sordidus). Sa faible dégradabilité dans le sol et sa dispersion dans les bassins versants entraînent une contamination durable des sols agricoles et des écosystèmes environnants. Cela pose un problème d’exposition pour l’Homme par la consommation de végétaux contaminés et pour l’environnement par le transfert de la molécule dans les chaînes alimentaires (bioamplification). Pour l’Homme, les principaux végétaux à risque sont les légumes-racines, en contact direct avec la CLD dans le sol, mais aussi les autres légumes car des résidus de CLD sont retrouvés dans les parties aériennes, tiges ou feuilles. Ce travail de thèse a porté sur le transfert sol-plante de la CLD, d’une part dans les tubercules des légumes-racines pour appréhender le risque sanitaire et d’autre part dans les graminées pour le risque environnemental. La lipophilie de la CLD joue un rôle majeur dans son transfert dans les plantes. La CLD a une affinité particulière pour les tissus lipophiles, notamment le périderme subérifié des tubercules et les parois cellulaires incrustées de lignine des vaisseaux du xylème. En outre, le transfert est dépendant de l’architecture de la plante, de sa physiologie et de l’histologie de ses organes. Nous avons mis en évidence deux voies de contamination des plantes par la CLD : l’absorption racinaire et l’adsorption sur le périderme des tubercules. Ces phénomènes sont suivis de la translocation de la molécule vers les tissus internes du tubercule par diffusion et vers la partie aérienne de la plante par évapotranspiration via les faisceaux vasculaires du xylème. Dans le cas des tubercules, nous avons distingué la part de contamination apportée par l’absorption racinaire de celle due à l’adsorption péridermique. Chez le radis, il a été montré que le phénomène prépondérant était la diffusion trans-péridermique. Une analyse du risque de contamination de tubercules couramment consommés aux Antilles (patate douce, dachine, igname) a été réalisée en se basant notamment sur l’architecture de la plante et l’histologie des tissus mis en place lors de la tubérisation. Concernant les graminées, la capacité de transfert de la CLD dans la partie aérienne de la plante a été étudiée chez plusieurs graminées usuelles. Le potentiel de contamination de la plante dépend de ses caractéristiques physiologiques (métabolisme) et de son cycle de vie (pérennité). Ces caractéristiques pourraient permettre d’orienter le choix de certaines graminées pour la phytoremédiation de la CLDChlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine insecticide mainly used in French West Indies to struggle against banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus). Its low degradability into soils and its spreading in catchment basins cause a sustainable contamination of agricultural soils and surrounding ecosystems. This leads to a human exposure risk, by food consumption of contaminated vegetables, and to an environmental risk by transfer of CLD in food chains. Main hazardous vegetables for human health are root-vegetables that are directly in contact of soil but also other vegetables because CLD residues are found in aerial parts of plant, leaves and shoots. The environmental risk seems to be the biomagnification of contamination in trophic chains due partly by consumption of contaminated plants. This work focused on the CLD soil-plant transfer, on the one hand in tubers of edible-roots for knowing the health risk and on the other hand in grasses for environmental risk. The CLD lipophilicity plays a major role in its transfer to plants. CLD exhibits a certain affinity for lipophilic tissues particularly for the suberised periderm of tubers and the xylem cell walls that are thickened by lignin. In addition, transfer depends on plant architecture, physiology and organ histology. Two ways of CLD plant contamination were highlighted: roots absorption and adsorption onto tuber periderm. These mechanisms are followed by CLD translocation towards internal tissues of tuber by diffusion and to above-ground parts of the plant within the transpiration stream occurring in vascular xylem vessels. For tubers, we distinguished between the contamination brought by roots absorption and the one brought by peridermic adsorption. In radish, the trans-peridermic diffusion was showed as the major way of contamination. A risk analysis mainly based on plant morphology and tissue histology set up during tuberization process was realized. For grasses, CLD transfer ability to aerial part of plant was studied in several usual gramineae (yam, sweet popato, dasheen). Plant contamination potential is mainly determined by its physiological traits (metabolism) and its life cycle (perenniality). These features could drive the choice of some gramineae to perform CLD phytoremediation
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BERREBBAH, HOURIA. "Etude du controle de la mobilite flagellaire et ciliaire par le calcium. Effet du lindane, insecticide organochlore." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077177.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail presente dans cette these concerne l'analyse du battement ciliaire et le role des ions calcium dans la regulation de cette activite. L'effet d'un insecticide organochlore, le lindane, connu pour son effet cilio-inhibiteur a egalement ete aborde. Le materiel biologique utilise est un protiste eucaryote sans paroi: dunaliella. Cette algue est mobile grace a deux cils situes au niveau de son pole anterieur. Elle est cultivee dans des conditions parfaitement controlees permettant d'etudier les consequences des modifications de l'environnement sur son mouvement. L'etude du mouvement ciliaire de dunaliella a ete abordee par deux methodes quantitatives, la microcinematographie suivie du traitement d'images et la velocimetrie doppler laser. Les resultats obtenus montrent que la vitesse de deplacement de l'algue ne depend pas de la concentration externe en calcium. En effet, apres un sejour de 15 jours dans un milieu sans calcium, l'algue conserve son mouvement. Ceci suggere l'existence de reserves calciques intracellulaires importantes. L'analyse par une sonde aux rayons x, confirme cette hypothese. Le lindane provoque une inhibition rapide et dose-dependante du battement ciliaire. Cet effet specifique du lindane, se retrouve egalement sur le battement flagellaire de spermatozoide de rat. Grace a des preparations de dunaliella, demembranees et reactivees, nous avons pu montrer que le lindane n'a pas d'action directe sur l'axoneme. Les etudes des flux et efflux de calcium radioactif ont montre que cet insecticide n'a aucun effet sur la sortie de calcium alors qu'il en inhibe fortement l'entree. L'analyse du cycle des phosphoinositides indique par contre que le lindane qui est un analogue du myoinositol, ne semble pas affecter ce cycle. Ces resultats nous ont conduit a formuler l'hypothese selon laquelle le mouvement ciliaire est dependant de la concentration intracellulaire en calcium et que le lindane
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Viggiano, Eric. "L'analyse des organochlorés dans les aliments." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P049.
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Thybaud, Eric. "Recherches sur l'impact ecotoxicologique du lindane et de la deltamethrine sur divers niveaux d'organisation des ecosystemes limniques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077040.
Full textBooks on the topic "Organochlorine insecticides"
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International Program on Chemical Safety. Kelevan health and safety guide. World Health Organization, 1987.
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Boryslawskyj, Michael. The dynamics and effects of persistent organochlorine insecticides ina freshwater system. The Polytechnic, 1991.
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A, Peterson David. Organic compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and bed sediment from streams in the Yellowstone River basin, Montana and Wyoming, 1998. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.
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Organisation, International Labour, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Health Organization, eds. Tetradifon health and safety guide. World Health Organization, 1987.
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R, Clark Donald. Dicofol (Kelthane) as an environmental contaminant: A review. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.
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Clark, Donald R. Dicofol (Kelthane) as an environmental contaminant: A review. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.
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D, Capel Paul, and Dileanis Peter D, eds. Pesticides in stream sediment and aquatic biota: Distribution, trends, and governing factors. Lewis Publishers, 1999.
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Brooks, G. T. Chlorinated Insecticides: Technology and Application Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Allsopp, P. G., and B. E. Hitchcock. Soil Insect Pests in Australia: Control Alternatives to Persistent Organochlorine Insecticides (SCARM Report). CSIRO Publishing, 1997.
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Great Britain. Standing Committee of Analysts., ed. The Determination of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewages, sludges, muds, and fish, 1978. H.M.S.O., 1985.
Book chapters on the topic "Organochlorine insecticides"
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Hassall, Kenneth A. "Organochlorine insecticides." In The Biochemistry and Uses of Pesticides. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20990-3_6.
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Perry, A. S., I. Yamamoto, I. Ishaaya, and R. Perry. "The Organochlorine Insecticides." In Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03656-3_9.
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Caudle, W. M. "Organochlorine insecticides: neurotoxicity." In A handbook of environmental toxicology: human disorders and ecotoxicology. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394675.0233.
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Nair, P. R. Anupama, and C. H. Sujatha. "Organic Pollutants as Endocrine Disruptors: Organometallics, PAHs, Organochlorine, Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides, Phthalates, Dioxins, Phytoestrogens, Alkyl Phenols and Bisphenol A." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2442-6_8.
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Wiktelius, Staffan, and Clive A. Edwards. "Organochlorine Insecticide Residues in African Fauna: 1971–1995." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1958-3_1.
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Blaylock, Benny L. "Organochlorine Insecticides." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00712-2.
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Tsai, W. T. "Organochlorine Insecticides." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00172-x.
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RHEE, JAMES W., and STEVEN E. AKS. "Organochlorine Insecticides." In Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7216-0693-4.50086-4.
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"Organochlorine insecticides." In Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals, edited by Terry R. Roberts and David H. Hutson. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551375-00139.
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"The organochlorine insecticides." In Organic Pollutants. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420022797.pt2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Organochlorine insecticides"
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Lemarchand, Clémentine, Séverine Tual, Mathilde Boulanger, et al. "O22-6 Occupational exposure to organochlorine insecticides and prostate cancer risk in agrican." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.117.
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