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1

Salzer, A. "Nomenclature of Organometallic Compounds of the Transition Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1999)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 8 (August 30, 1999): 1557–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971081557.

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Organometallic compounds are defined as containing at least one metal-carbon bond between an organic molecule, ion, or radical and a metal. Organometallic nomenclature therefore usually combines the nomenclature of organic chemisty and that of coordination chemistry. Provisional rules outlining nomenclature for such compounds are found both in Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979 and in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, 1990This document describes the nomenclature for organometallic compounds of the transition elements, that is compounds with metal-carbon single bonds, metal-carbon multiple bonds as well as complexes with unsaturated molecules (metal-p-complexes).Organometallic compounds are considered to be produced by addition reactions and so they are named on an addition principle. The name therefore is built around the central metal atom name. Organic ligand names are derived according to the rules of organic chemistry with appropriate endings to indicate the different bonding modes. To designate the points of attachment of ligands in more complicated structures, the h, k, and m-notations are used. The final section deals with the abbreviated nomenclature for metallocenes and their derivatives.ContentsIntroduction Systems of Nomenclature2.1 Binary type nomenclature 2.2 Substitutive nomenlcature 2.3 Coordination nomenclature Coordination Nomenclature3.1 General definitions of coordination chemistry 3.2 Oxidation numbers and net charges 3.3 Formulae and names for coordination compounds Nomenclature for Organometallic Compounds of Transition Metals 4.1 Valence-electron-numbers and the 18-valence-electron-rule 4.2 Ligand names 4.2.1 Ligands coordinating by one metal-carbon single bond 4.2.2 Ligands coordinating by several metal-carbon single bonds 4.2.3 Ligands coordinating by metal-carbon multiple bonds 4.2.4 Complexes with unsaturated molecules or groups 4.3 Metallocene nomenclature
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2

Dong, Zhi-Bing, and Jin-Quan Chen. "Recent Progress in Utilization of Functionalized Organometallic Reagents in Cross Coupling Reactions and Nucleophilic Additions." Synthesis 52, no. 24 (November 4, 2020): 3714–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706550.

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AbstractOrganometallic compounds have become increasingly important in organic synthesis because of their high chemoselectivity and excellent reactivity. Recently, a variety of organometallic reagents were found to facilitate transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and nucleophilic addition reactions. Here, we have summarized the latest progress in cross-coupling reactions and in nucleophilic addition reactions with functionalized organometallic reagents present to illustrate their application value. Due to the tremendous contribution made by the Knochel group towards the development of novel organometallic reagents, this review draws extensively from their work in this area in recent years.Introduction1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross Couplings Involving Organo­zinc Reagents2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross Couplings Involving Organomagnesium Reagents3 Transition-Metal-Free Cross Couplings Involving Zn and Mg ­Organometallic Reagents4 Nucleophilic Additions Involving Zn and Mg Organometallic Reagents5 Cross-Coupling Reactions or Nucleophilic Additions Involving Mn, Al-, La-, Li-, Sm- and In-Organometallics6 Conclusion
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3

Vizer, S. A., and K. B. Yerzhanov. "Heterocycles Synthesis at Carbonylation of Acetylenic Compounds." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 5, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj294.

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The carbonylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, organic halides and other substrates catalyzed by transition metals, salts of transition metals and organometallic complexes is a wide used synthesis method of new carbonyl, carboxyl and alkoxy carbonyl containing compounds including creation or modificationt of heterocycles. The data about synthesis of heterocycles at carbonylation of acetylenic compounds have been appeared at last 20 years and are demonstrated in our review. Introduction of carbon monoxide in the catalytic reactions of acetylenic compounds permits to obtain in oneput process the diverse heterocycles, having carbonyl, carboxyl or alkoxycarbonyl substitutes or containing these fragments inside of heterocycles.
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4

Hagihara, Nobue. "SOME RECENT PROBLEMS ON THE FIELD OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF TRANSITION METALS." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 125, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb45381.x.

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5

Fernández, Israel, Gernot Frenking, and Gabriel Merino. "Aromaticity of metallabenzenes and related compounds." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 18 (2015): 6452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00004a.

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In this review, we focus on the aromaticity of a particular family of organometallic compounds known as metallabenzenes, which are characterized by the formal replacement of a CH group in benzene by an isolobal transition metal fragment.
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6

Loukova, Galina V., and Vladimir V. Strelets. "A Review on Molecular Electrochemistry of Metallocene Dichloride and Dimethyl Complexes of Group 4 Metals: Redox Properties and Relation with Optical Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Transitions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 2 (2001): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20010185.

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Emphasis is given to redox, photophysical, and photochemical properties of homologous bent metallocenes of group 4 transition metals. Comparative analysis of a variety of electron-transfer induced transformations and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excited states is performed for bent metallocene complexes upon systematic variation of the identity of the metal ion (Ti, Zr or Hf), ancillary π- and monodentate σ- (Cl, Me) ligands. For such organometallic π-complexes, linear correlations exist between energies of optical and redox HOMO-to-LUMO electron transitions. It is suggested that combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques provides important diagnostics to determine "ionisation potential" and "electron affinity" in solution (relative energies of frontier molecular orbitals obtained as redox potentials) and the energy gap in metallocene complexes. Some of earlier instructive cases of direct relationship between optical transition energies and differences in redox potentials revealed for inorganic and coordination compounds are discussed.
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7

Crabtree, Robert H. "Malcolm L. H. Green. 16 April 1936 — 24 July 2020." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 70 (January 20, 2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2020.0038.

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Malcolm Green was a remarkable man—even a short meeting was enough to make this clear. He had that rare charismatic ability to connect personally with those around him, whatever their rank or status. Generous of his time with his current coworkers, he also made sure to provide help, encouragement or advice to his alumni as the need arose during their subsequent careers. Inspired by his lead, an unusually large number of them have become widely known figures in chemistry in the UK and beyond. Malcolm laid out his view on his students on one occasion when a visitor to the lab commented on how quickly a large sum had been raised by his alumni for a lectureship in his name. ‘They must really love you’, he said, to which Malcolm replied with his simple philosophy: ‘If you love them, they will love you.’ Malcolm's infectious passion for science and his imaginative approach led him in many diverse directions during his career. Although his signature field was organometallic chemistry, he made later important contributions in nanomaterials and heterogeneous catalysis. Always interested in the reasons why Nature behaves as it does, he pioneered several new and imaginative methods for interpreting and understanding chemical bonding and reactivity, such as the covalent bond classification scheme or the rules for predicting the regiochemistry of nucleophilic attack on organometallics. He cared deeply about education and was the author of the first textbook devoted to the organometallic chemistry of the transition metals, Organometallic compounds. Volume 2: the transition elements , which originally appeared as early as 1968.
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8

Baird, Michael C. "Catalysis by organotransition metal compounds: Synergism between the pure and the applied1." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-065.

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The modern era of transition-metal-catalyzed polymerization of alkenes began with the Nobel Prize winning work of Ziegler and Natta in the 1950s, but the field has exploded since the mid-1980s and anticipated applications of organometallic catalysts are being spectacularly realized. Our research in metal-catalyzed alkene polymerization began about ten years ago with an investigation of the catalytic applications of half-sandwich complexes of the Group 4 metals, and this lecture will describe our efforts to find both better initiators to make known commercial polymers and new initiators to make novel polymeric materials. Good luck, bad luck, blind alleys, and serendipity have all played key roles in our research, resulting ultimately in a very satisfying convergence of the motives for pure, and the needs of applied, research.Key words: alkene, polymerization, Ziegler, catalysis, carbocationic, titanium.
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9

Hevia, Eva. "Towards a Paradigm Shift in Polar Organometallic Chemistry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.681.

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Core tools of synthetic chemistry, polar organometallic reagents (typified by organolithium and Grignard reagents) are used worldwide for constructing compounds, especially aromatic compounds, which are ubiquitous in organic chemistry and thus in numerous commodities essential to everyday life. By isolation and characterisation of key organometallic intermediates, research in our group has led to the design of polar mixed-metal reagents imbued with synergistic effects that display chemical properties and reactivity profiles far exceeding the limits of traditional single-metal reagents. These studies have improved existing, or established new fundamentally important, synthetic methodologies based on either stoichiometric or catalytic reactions. Bimetallic cooperative effects have been demonstrated in an impressive array of important bond forming reactions including deprotonative metallation, transition metal-free C–C bond formation and metal–halogen exchange to name just a few. Towards greener, more sustainable, safer chemical transformations, our group has also pioneered the use of polar organometallic reagents under air and/or with water present using biorenewable solvents such as Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and 2-methyl THF. Herein we summarize some of our recent efforts in this intriguing area, which we believe can make inroads towards a step change in the practice and future scope of polar organometallic chemistry.
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10

Li, Xiaorong, G. M. Bancroft, and R. J. Puddephatt. "Variable Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Periodic Trends in d-Orbital Energies for Organometallic Compounds of the Transition Metals." Accounts of Chemical Research 30, no. 5 (May 1997): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar960277x.

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11

Green, Malcolm L. H., Christopher C. Cummins, and James F. Kronauge. "Alan Davison. 24 March 1936 — 14 November 2015." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0004.

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In 1958 Professor Alan Davison started his research career at an exciting time for the field of organometallic chemistry. New developments in spectroscopy, instrumentation and techniques to manipulate materials in controlled environments to avoid reaction with water or oxygen were becoming widely available. Controlling exposure of an element with highly reactive oxygen facilitated the isolation, characterization and discovery of an abundance of unknown compounds. Alan was an insightful and talented synthetic chemist and made many new and interesting organometallic compounds. He used the earliest commercial nuclear magnetic resonance instruments to characterize the then poorly understood transition metal hydrides and also to identify the earliest fluxional organometallic molecules. In 1970 he entered a collaboration with Professor Alun G. Jones, a nuclear chemist at Harvard Medical School, to characterize and develop the chemistry of technetium. They made a major discovery of technetium molecules which had the ability to selectively locate in human heart muscle, thereby vastly expanding the practice of nuclear medicine to a global community. Professor Alan Davison was also widely known for his outstanding qualities as a teacher and mentor.
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12

Li, Huidong, Yucheng Hu, Di Wan, Ze Zhang, Qunchao Fan, R. Bruce King, and Henry F. Schaefer. "Dispersion Effects in Stabilizing Organometallic Compounds: Tetra-1-norbornyl Derivatives of the First-Row Transition Metals as Exceptional Examples." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 123, no. 44 (September 30, 2019): 9514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06769.

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13

Ambrosius, Frank, Elke Klaus, Torsten Schaller, and Angelika Sebald. "CP/MAS NMR of Heavy Spin-1/2 Nuclei at B0 = 2.35T." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 4-5 (May 1, 1995): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-4-515.

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Perspectives of CP/MAS NMR at low external magnetic field (B0=2.35T) are discussed. Applications are illustrated for the case of heavy spin-1/2 nuclei such as 195Pt and 199Hg: 195Pt and 199Hg CP/MAS spectra of a variety of organometallic compounds are reported. Aspects of shielding anisotropics, of 195Pt-35/37Cl interactions and of 31P-M (M=Cd, Hg, Pt) coupling in transition metal phosphine complexes will be briefly addressed
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14

Arisawa, Mieko, and Masahiko Yamaguchi. "Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds Involving S-S Bond Cleavage of Disulfides and Sulfur." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 3595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163595.

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Organosulfur compounds are widely used for the manufacture of drugs and materials, and their synthesis in general conventionally employs nucleophilic substitution reactions of thiolate anions formed from thiols and bases. To synthesize advanced functional organosulfur compounds, development of novel synthetic methods is an important task. We have been studying the synthesis of organosulfur compounds by transition-metal catalysis using disulfides and sulfur, which are easier to handle and less odiferous than thiols. In this article, we describe our development that rhodium complexes efficiently catalyze the cleavage of S-S bonds and transfer organothio groups to organic compounds, which provide diverse organosulfur compounds. The synthesis does not require use of bases or organometallic reagents; furthermore, it is reversible, involving chemical equilibria and interconversion reactions.
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15

Dobbs, K. D., and W. J. Hehre. "Molecular orbital theory of the properties of inorganic and organometallic compounds 5. Extended basis sets for first-row transition metals." Journal of Computational Chemistry 8, no. 6 (September 1987): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540080614.

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16

Dobbs, K. D., and W. J. Hehre. "Molecular orbital theory of the properties of inorganic and organometallic compounds. 6. Extended basis sets for second-row transition metals." Journal of Computational Chemistry 8, no. 6 (September 1987): 880–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540080615.

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17

Dobbs, K. D., and W. J. Hehre. "Molecular orbital theory of the properties of inorganic and organometallic compounds 5. Extended basis sets for first-row transition metals." Journal of Computational Chemistry 9, no. 7 (October 1988): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090713.

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18

Prasad, G. Krishna, S. S. P. Prashanth, S. Srivastava, G. Nageswara Rao, and D. Rajesh Babu. "Synthesis, characterization, second and third order non-linear optical properties and luminescence properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-di(carboxaldehyde phenylhydrazone) and its transition metal complexes." Open Chemistry 15, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2017-0036.

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AbstractThe requirement for materials which exhibit good second and third order non-linear optical properties and also for materials which could sense metals in trace quantities has kindled renewed investigations. Organometallics and coordination compounds show a lot of promise as new NLO materials combining the variety of organic moieties with the strength and variable oxidation states of metals. Especially ligands which selectively detect industrial pollutants like Cd and biologically significant metals like Zn are necessary. In the current work the ligand 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-di(carboxaldehyde phenylhydrazone) (L) and its Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Ir3+ complexes were synthesized. These were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, MS and CHN microanalysis techniques. The complexes were shown to have the formula [ML]2+. The second and third order NLO of the ligand and its complexes were recorded These new compounds were found to have same order of third order nonlinear optical susceptibility as that of CS2 and their second hyperpolarizability was an order of magnitude greater than that of C60. Furthermore the ligand also displays selective luminescence sensing of metals ions Fe2+ and Ir3+ even in the presence of other metal ions.
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19

Piccardi, Riccardo, Serge Turcaud, Erica Benedetti, and Laurent Micouin. "Synthesis and Reactivity of Mixed Dimethylalkynylaluminum Reagents." Synthesis 51, no. 01 (November 20, 2018): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610392.

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Organoaluminum derivatives are mostly appreciated for their Lewis acidity properties, but generally not considered as reagents of choice in synthetic transformations involving the creation of C–C bonds. Among these species, dimethylalkynylaluminum reagents represent a special class of compounds, with, in many cases, unique reactivity. This review summarizes the preparation and reactivity of these organometallic reagents with a focus on their synthetic potential.1 Introduction2 Preparation of Dimethylalkynylaluminum Reagents3 Reactivity of Dimethylalkynylaluminum Reagents3.1 Reactions with Csp3 Electrophiles3.2 Reactions with Csp2 Electrophiles4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions4.1 Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Enones4.2 Coupling Reactions5 Triple Bond Reactivity6 Conclusion
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20

Pidun, Ulrich, and Gernot Frenking. "Theoretical Studies of Organometallic Compounds. XIX. Complexes of Transition Metals in High and Low Oxidation States with Side-On-Bonded .pi.-Ligands." Organometallics 14, no. 11 (November 1995): 5325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00011a058.

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21

Sun, Xun-Yun, Brian Millier, and Walter A. Aue. "Flame photometric detection of some transition metals. I. Calibrations and spectra." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 1129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-149.

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After gas-chromatographic separation as volatile organometallics, some transition elements were found to respond with analytically relevant sensitivities in the flame photometric detector. Their minimum detectable amounts, in mole of metal per second at an S/Np-t-p ratio of 2, were 1 × 10−14 for nickel and 6 × 10−13 for rhenium, as well as a less sensitive 2 × 10−12 for molybdenum and 3 × 10−12 for cobalt. (When divided by 3.7, these values yield the S/σ = 3 limit of detection as recommended by IUPAC.) Calibration curves were established for these elements in comparison with transition metals already known to respond in the flame photometric detector. Their chemiluminescent spectra, together with that of chromium, were measured in the detector at analytically (as opposed to spectroscopically) optimized conditions. Atomic lines, molecular bands, and continua were all present. Also, the spectra produced by several types of carbon compounds were recorded for a definition of potential spectral interferences from hydrocarbonaceous sample matrices. The atomic lines and the massive continua displayed by certain metals are discussed in some detail. Atomic lines appear up to a limiting energy level of 3.6 eV above ground state. It is suggested that continua could arise from small, perhaps catalytically active particles. Also discussed, in accordance with a reviewer's request, are the analytical performance of the FPD compared to ICP and MIP sources, and the definition and influence of noise on measured performance criteria.
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22

Grafova, Iryna A., Andrei V. Grafov, Umberto Costantino, Fabio Marmottini, and Marcos L. Dias. "Layered Double Hydroxides as Supports for Norbornene Addition Polymerisation Catalysts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1106.

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Abstract Addition polymerisation of norbornene with transition metal catalysts activated by methylaluminoxane was first realised on heterogeneous catalytic systems. Advanced inorganic functional polymers possessing anion-exchange properties - layered double hydroxides of Al and Zn of hydrotalcitetype - were applied as supports. They possess high polarity and are selective towards polar molecules like organometallic compounds. The activity of immobilised nickel catalysts was found to be higher than that of the homogeneous one. A certain catalytic activity was also found for group 4 phthalocyanines. The polynorbornenes obtained were characterised by gel permeation chromatography and SEM microimaging. The support’s morphology influences the shape, density, and dimensions of the resulting polymer particles.
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23

Aleksanyan, Diana V., Svetlana G. Churusova, Ekaterina Yu Rybalkina, and Vladimir A. Kozlov. "Rhenium(I) Complexes with Pincer Ligands as a New Class of Potential Antitumor Agents." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022043.

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Transition metal complexes attract continuous research interest as potential antitumor agents. The most popular compounds are ruthenium, gold, titanium, osmium, iridium, zinc, and palladium complexes, which have already displayed cytotoxic features that are not typical for classical platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents. Substantially lower attention is drawn to organometallic compounds of rhenium. However, the known examples of cytotoxic organometallic rhenium derivatives with bidentate heterocyclic, organophosphorus, labile alkoxide, and hydroxide ligands render further studies in this field very promising. As for their analogs with multidentate ligands, a literature survey has revealed only a few examples of cytotoxic rhenium complexes, whereas the antitumor activity of cyclometallated derivatives has not been studied at all. At the same time, it is known that the use of pincer-type ligands having specific tridentate monoanionic frameworks, which offer multiple options for directed structural modifications, allows one to finely tune the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the resulting metal complexes. Therefore, we synthesized and studied the cytotoxic properties of a series of rhenium(I) complexes with tridentate pincer-type ligands based on functionalized carboxamides bearing ancillary donor groups both in the acid and amine components. It was shown that the target complexes can be obtained not only by the conventional solution-based method, but also under solvent-free conditions according to the solid-phase methodology recently developed in our group. The results obtained were used to define the main structure–activity relationships for a principally new class of potential antitumor agents and to choose the most promising compounds for further studies in order to create new pharmaceuticals.
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24

Nasiri Sovari, Sara, and Fabio Zobi. "Recent Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Transition Metal Complexes of Groups 6–12." Chemistry 2, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 418–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry2020026.

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Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires innovative solutions to counteract new resistance mechanisms emerging and spreading globally in infectious pathogens. Classic organic antibiotics are rapidly exhausting the structural variations available for an effective antimicrobial drug and new compounds emerging from the industrial pharmaceutical pipeline will likely have a short-term and limited impact before the pathogens can adapt. Inorganic and organometallic complexes offer the opportunity to discover and develop new active antimicrobial agents by exploiting their wide range of three-dimensional geometries and virtually infinite design possibilities that can affect their substitution kinetics, charge, lipophilicity, biological targets and modes of action. This review describes recent studies on the antimicrobial activity of transition metal complexes of groups 6–12. It focuses on the effectiveness of the metal complexes in relation to the rich structural chemical variations of the same. The aim is to provide a short vade mecum for the readers interested in the subject that can complement other reviews.
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25

FERRETTI, O. A., and M. L. CASELLA. "ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic and Organometallic Supported Catalysts Prepared by Reaction of Metal Alkyl Compounds with Supported Transition Metals. Part 1. Preparation and Characterization." ChemInform 27, no. 27 (August 5, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199627290.

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26

Ramírez, Jesús Miguel Contreras, Dimas Medina, Francisco López-Carrasquero, and Ricardo Rafael Contreras. "Ring-Opening Polymerization of L-lactide Initiated by Samarium(III) Acetate." Current Applied Polymer Science 3, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452271602666181114094536.

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Background: The synthesis of the aliphatic polyesters obtained by the ring opening polymerization has been achieved using as initiators a large amount of organometallic compounds derivative from: Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and lanthanide metals. Of all these compounds, the lanthanide derivatives have acquired great importance in the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters, since these show a greater catalytic activity and also can provide polymer with characteristics that will be very useful in the design of biomaterials. Objective: It was proposed the synthesis of poly(L-lactida) (PL-LA) through a ring opening polymerization process of L-lactide initiated with samarium(III) acetate (Sm(OAc)3) under solvent-free melt conditions. The influence of different parameters of reaction, such as temperature, time, molar ratio monomer to initiator, on typical variables of polymers, e.g., conversion, dispersity, and molar mass, were analyzed. Methods: All polymerizations were carried out under solvent-free melt conditions in ampoules-like flasks, equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The obtained polyesters were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H-NMR. Results: The Sm(OAc)3 induces the polymerization of L-LA at high conversion, and produce polyesters with number-average molecular weights of 1.00 x 103 to 30.00 x 103 Dalton. The 1H-NMR analysis indicates a typical polymerization mechanism of coordination-insertion, with a breakdown of the acyl-oxygen bond of the L-LA. Conclusion: Sm(OAc)3 was an effective initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of L-LA. SEC chromatography showed that, at high temperatures and prolonged reaction times, the molar mass of the polyester decreases, which is associated with the transesterification collateral reactions that occur during the polymerization process.
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Horton, J. Hugh, Johann Rasmusson, Joseph G. Shapter, and Peter R. Norton. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-124.

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The adsorption of the organometallic compounds bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)zinc(II) (Zn(hfac)2) and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)nickel(II) (Ni(hfac)2) on the surface of Si(111)-7×7 were studied by a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These compounds are analogues of the compound bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II), which is an important precursor for the chemical vapour deposition of copper that we have previously studied. Both XPS and STM results indicate that the Zn(hfac)2 is adsorbed intact on the surface, and remains intact on the surface at temperatures up to 300 K. The XPS shows a transition from a physisorbed state to a chemisorbed state at temperatures between 160 and 300 K. At higher temperatures Zn(hfac)2 decomposed to form Zn and fluorocarbon fragments. The metal component diffused into the substrate. The Ni(hfac)2 complex could not be successfully adsorbed on the Si surface: it was shown that this was due to decomposition of the molecule in the vapour phase, probably due to the higher temperatures needed to evaporate this relatively involatile compound.Key words: scanning tunnelling microscopy, chemical vapour deposition, zinc, copper.
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28

Urbán, Béla, Máté Papp, and Rita Skoda-Földes. "Carbonylation of Aryl Halides in the Presence of Heterogeneous Catalysts." Current Green Chemistry 6, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213346106666190321141550.

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Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation in the presence of organic and organometallic nucleophiles serves as a powerful tool for the conversion of aryl/alkenyl halides or halide equivalents to carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acid derivatives. To circumvent the difficulties in product separation and recovery and reuse of the catalysts, associated with homogeneous reactions, supported counterparts of the homogeneous palladium catalysts were developed. The review intends to summarize the huge development that has been witnessed in recent years in the field of heterogeneous carbonylation. A great plethora of supports, organic modifiers on solid surfaces stabilizing metal particles, transition metal precursors, as well as alternative sources for CO was investigated. In most cases, careful optimization of reaction conditions was carried out. Besides simple model reactions, the synthesis of carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acid derivatives from substrates with different functionalities was performed. In some cases, causes of palladium leaching were clarified with detailed investigations. The advantages of immobilized catalysts were shown by several examples. The possibility of catalystrecycling was proved besides proving that metal contamination of the products could often be kept below the detection limit. At the same time, detailed investigations should be carried out to gain a better insight into the real nature of these processes.
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29

Leigh, G. Jeffery, and John F. Nixon. "Michael Franz Lappert. 31 December 1928 — 28 March 2014." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 62 (January 2016): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2016.0014.

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Michael Lappert was one of the giants of twentieth-century organometallic chemistry. His research, carried out over six decades and leading to about 800 publications, had a profound and influential effect on the field, and his contributions covered almost every block of the Periodic Table. His early reputation was established by his extensive studies in boron chemistry exemplified by the reports of BCl 4 − , BN cyclobutadiene analogues, triborylamines, BCl 3 -catalysed ortho -Claisen rearrangements and evidence for restricted rotation about the B–N bond in aminoboranes. He had a lifelong interest in amides, including those of carbon, and especially electron-rich olefins, which remarkably were the ready source of numerous transition-metal carbene complexes. The last could also be obtained directly from the Vilsmeier reagent. He was the first to show that a carbene complex may act as an initiator of olefin metathesis. Later interests concerned the syntheses of new types of compound from all blocks of the Periodic Table driven by his imaginative use of new types of ligand (either sterically crowded or having no β-hydrogen atoms, often including SiMe 3 or Bu t substituents to confer lipophilicity). The use of CH n SiMe (3− n ) ( n = 0, 1 or 2) to stabilize transition-metal alkyl compounds was a major advance, because at the time stable homoleptic (a term he introduced) transition-metal alkyl compounds were unknown. He showed that the −CH(SiMe 3 ) 2 ligand could stabilize both low-coordinate transition metal and lanthanide compounds. Similarly, carbene analogues of the Main Group 14 elements germanium, tin and lead were obtained. Surprisingly in the solid state, these species were weakly dimerized (for example R 2 Sn=SnR 2 ), and unexpectedly exhibited a pyramidalized geometry at the heavy element. The latter had very significant bonding implications, because it differed fundamentally from the well-known planar structure of the corresponding alkenes. The first persistent or stable paramagnetic heavier Main Group element species MR 2 (M = P or As) and MR 3 (M = Ge or Sn) were also obtained while parallel work using −N(SiMe 3 ) 2 resulted in the corresponding Main Group amido derivatives. Other lipophilic ligands, such as β-diketiminates, were also widely used, as were bulky aryloxo and thiolato ligands, to obtain stable low-coordinate Main Group species. The first examples of d- and f-block species containing bridging alkyl groups were described. Those who worked with him cited his vast knowledge and supportive low-key advisory style, which ensured a contented and productive laboratory atmosphere. In addition to his scientific work, he was deeply interested in opera, literature and the theatre, about which he could talk knowledgeably.
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30

Tzschach, Alfred. "Organometallic Compounds Methods of Synthesis, Physical Constants and Chemical Reactions. Bd. I. Compounds of Transition Metals, 1. Ergänzungsband. Herausgegeben Von M. Dub, bearbeitet von K. Bauer und G. Haller, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New Y." Zeitschrift für Chemie 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19780180329.

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31

Sokolov, Ilya E., Valery V. Fomichev, Ruslan M. Zakalyukin, Elena V. Kopylova, Andrey S. Kumskov, Rais N. Mozhchil, and Andrey M. Ionov. "SYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE, COBALT OXIDE AND RELATED PHASES IN SUPERCRITICAL CO2 FLUID." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216405.6060.

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This study is devoted to obtaining nanoscale zirconium dioxide, cobalt oxide and related phases by SAS method in supercritical carbon dioxide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by a complex of physico-chemical analytical methods: infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental parameters for obtaining the nanoparticles were: pressure 10 MPa, temperature 40 °C, carbon dioxide supply rate 35 g/min, the initial solution supply rate 0.5 ml/min. Individual phases containing zirconium and cobalt, and also samples with zirconium to cobalt molar ratios 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:3 were obtained. The use of zirconium and cobalt acetylacetonates as initial components leads to formation of stable products – nanoparticles of acetates of the corresponding metals in the X-ray amorphous state. When heated to 340-350 °C, the destruction of organometallic complexes to oxides occurs with formation of a continuous series of X-ray amorphous solid solutions in the ZrO2-CoO system. At temperatures above 600 °C, the phases crystallize with the decomposition of solid solutions into ZrO2 and Co3O4. When temperature is above 900 °C, further oxidation of cobalt occurs. Thus, cobalt oxide oxidation into Co3O4 proceeds in two steps, at 600 and 900 °C. For samples of zirconium dioxide with cobalt oxide admixture at a temperature of 700 °C stabilization of the cubic modification is observed which is probably due to the entry of cobalt into the cubic structure of zirconium oxide, which prevents transition to tetragonal and monoclinic modifications.
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32

Cai, Xiaoping, Barbara Gehrhus, Peter B. Hitchcock, and Michael F. Lappert. "Reactions of the stable bis(amino)silylene Si[{N(CH2tBu)}2C6H4-1,2] with group 3 or lanthanide metal organic compounds. Crystal structures of [Ln(η5-C5H5)3Si{[N(CH2tBu)]2C6H4-1,2}]·C7H8 (Ln = Y or Yb)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-044.

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Treatment of the thermally stable aminosilylene Si[{N(CH2tBu)}2C6H4-1,2] [= Si(NN)] with a tris(cyclopentadienyl)- group 3 or -lanthanide metal compound LnCp3 (Cp = η5-C5H5 and Ln = Y or Yb) in toluene at ambient temperature afforded the first earliest transition or f-block metal-silylene complexes [LnCp3{Si(NN)}]·C7H8 (Ln = Y (1) or Yb (2)), characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography: complex 1 (monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.641(5), b = 15.895(7), c = 14.876(5) Å, β = 112.93(3), Z = 4, R1 = 0.067 for 6194 observed data), and2 (monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.635(3), b = 15.795(2), c = 14.842(2) Å, β = 112.87(2), Z = 4, R1 = 0.044 for 9829 observed data). The Ln atom in each of the isoleptic complexes 1 and 2 has distorted trigonal monopyramidal geometry, with the approximately trigonal silicon atom in the apical position. The Ln-Si bond length is 3.038(2) (1) or 2.984(2) Å (2). Variable temperature 29Si{1H} NMR spectra in toluene-d8 show that each complex readily dissociates (Y > Yb) into its factors; at 188 K, the 29Si{1H} signal for (1) was a doublet centred at δ 119.5, 1J(29Si-89Y) = 59 Hz.Key words: crystallography, NMR, silylene, yttrium, ytterbium, organometallic complexes.
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33

Cebrián, Cristina, and Matteo Mauro. "Recent advances in phosphorescent platinum complexes for organic light-emitting diodes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (June 18, 2018): 1459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.124.

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Phosphorescent organometallic compounds based on heavy transition metal complexes (TMCs) are an appealing research topic of enormous current interest. Amongst all different fields in which they found valuable application, development of emitting materials based on TMCs have become crucial for electroluminescent devices such as phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). This interest is driven by the fact that luminescent TMCs with long-lived excited state lifetimes are able to efficiently harvest both singlet and triplet electro-generated excitons, thus opening the possibility to achieve theoretically 100% internal quantum efficiency in such devices. In the recent past, various classes of compounds have been reported, possessing a beautiful structural variety that allowed to nicely obtain efficient photo- and electroluminescence with high colour purity in the red, green and blue (RGB) portions of the visible spectrum. In addition, achievement of efficient emission beyond such range towards ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) regions was also challenged. By employing TMCs as triplet emitters in OLEDs, remarkably high device performances were demonstrated, with square planar platinum(II) complexes bearing π-conjugated chromophoric ligands playing a key role in such respect. In this contribution, the most recent and promising trends in the field of phosphorescent platinum complexes will be reviewed and discussed. In particular, the importance of proper molecular design that underpins the successful achievement of improved photophysical features and enhanced device performances will be highlighted. Special emphasis will be devoted to those recent systems that have been employed as triplet emitters in efficient PhOLEDs.
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34

Ardan, Bohdan, Vasyl Kinzhybalo, Yurii Slyvka, Olga Shyyka, Mykhaylo Luk`yanov, Tadeusz Lis, and Marian Mys`kiv. "Ligand-forced dimerization of copper(I)–olefin complexes bearing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole core." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616018751.

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As an important class of heterocyclic compounds, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles have a broad range of potential applications in medicine, agriculture and materials chemistry, and were found to be excellent precursors for the crystal engineering of organometallic materials. The coordinating behaviour of allyl derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles with respect to transition metal ions has been little studied. Five new crystalline copper(I) π-complexes have been obtained by means of an alternating current electrochemical technique and have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The compounds are bis[μ-5-methyl-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine]bis[nitratocopper(I)], [Cu2(NO3)2(C6H9N3S)2], (1), bis[μ-5-methyl-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine]bis[(tetrafluoroborato)copper(I)], [Cu2(BF4)2(C6H9N3S)2], (2), μ-aqua-bis{μ-5-[(prop-2-en-1-yl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine}bis[nitratocopper(I)], [Cu2(NO3)2(C5H7N3S2)2(H2O)], (3), μ-aqua-(hexafluorosilicato)bis{μ-5-[(prop-2-en-1-yl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine}dicopper(I)–acetonitrile–water (2/1/4), [Cu2(SiF6)(C5H7N3S2)2(H2O)]·0.5CH3CN·2H2O, (4), and μ-benzenesulfonato-bis{μ-5-[(prop-2-en-1-yl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine}dicopper(I) benzenesulfonate–methanol–water (1/1/1), [Cu2(C6H5O3S)(C5H7N3S2)2](C6H5O3S)·CH3OH·H2O, (5). The structure of the ligand 5-methyl-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine (Mepeta), C6H9N3S, was also structurally characterized. BothMepetaand 5-[(prop-2-en-1-yl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine (Pesta) (denotedL) reveal a strong tendency to form dimeric {Cu2L2}2+fragments, being attached to the metal atom in a chelating–bridging modeviatwo thiadiazole N atoms and an allylic C=C bond. Flexibility of the {Cu2(Pesta)2}2+unit allows the CuIatom site to be split into two positions with different metal-coordination environments, thus enabling the competitive participation of different molecules in bonding to the metal centre. ThePestaligand in (4) allows the CuIatom to vary between water O-atom and hexafluorosilicate F-atom coordination, resulting in the rare case of a direct CuI...FSiF52−interaction. Extensive three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding patterns are formed in the reported crystal structures. Complex (5) should be considered as the first known example of a CuI(C6H5SO3) coordination compound. To determine the hydrogen-bond interactions in the structures of (1) and (2), a Hirshfeld surface analysis has been performed.
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35

Crucianelli, Marcello, Bruno Mattia Bizzarri, and Raffaele Saladino. "SBA-15 Anchored Metal Containing Catalysts in the Oxidative Desulfurization Process." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2019): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9120984.

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Recalcitrant sulfur compounds are common impurities in crude oil. During combustion they produce SOx derivatives that are able to affect the atmospheric ozone layer, increasing the formation of acid rains, and reducing the life of the engine due to corrosion. In the last twenty years, many efforts have been devoted to develop conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) procedures, as well as alternative methods, such as selective adsorption, bio-desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) under extractive conditions (ECODS), and others. Among them, the oxidative procedures have been usually accomplished by the use of toxic stoichiometric oxidants, namely potassium permanganate, sodium bromate and carboxylic and sulfonic peracids. As an alternative, increasing interest is devoted to selective and economical procedures based upon catalytic methods. Heterogeneous catalysis is of relevance in industrial ODS processes, since it reduces the leaching of active species and favors the recovery and reuse of the catalyst for successive transformations. The heterogenization of different types of high-valent metal transition-based organometallic complexes, able to promote the activation of stoichiometric benign oxidants like peroxides, can be achieved using various solid supports. Many successful cases have been frequently associated with the use of mesoporous silicas that have the advantage of easy surface modification by reaction with organosilanes, facilitating the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts. In this manuscript the application of SBA-15 as efficient support for different active metal species, able to promote the catalytic ODS of either model or real fuels is reviewed, highlighting its beneficial properties such as high surface area, narrow pore size distribution and tunable pore diameter dimensions. Related to this topic, the most relevant advances recently published, will be discussed and critically described.
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36

Bennett, Martin A. "Brice Bosnich. 3 June 1936—13 April 2015." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 67 (September 4, 2019): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2019.0019.

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Brice Bosnich, an Australian inorganic chemist, graduated from the University of Sydney and obtained his PhD at the Australian National University, Canberra. He then worked successively at University College London, the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago. He had an abiding interest in stereochemistry and its relationship with chemical reactivity, and in the chirality and optical activity of coordination and organometallic complexes, mainly those of the d-block elements. His early studies concerned the topological and conformational behaviour of classical coordination compounds, mainly of cobalt(III), and made extensive use of the technique of circular dichroism. He put this background to elegant use in perhaps his most distinctive work, namely, the design and synthesis of a C 2 -symmetric ditertiary phosphine, ( S , S )-chiraphos, the rhodium(I) complex [Rh{Ph 2 PCH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )PPh 2 }] + of which catalysed efficiently the homogeneous hydrogenation of prochiral enamides to amino acids in high optical purity. Bosnich traced the high enantioselectivity to the chiral array of P-phenyl substituents that is generated on coordination of ( S , S )-chiraphos. In principle, catalytic enantioselective synthesis represents a powerful and economic method of introducing chirality into the synthesis of biologically active molecules, which, since the thalidomide tragedy, are required to be marketed only in optically pure forms. Dissymmetric ligands similar to ( S , S )-chiraphos are now routinely employed in this type of synthesis. Bosnich developed several other enantioselective processes based on organo-transition metal chemistry. He also had several quasi-theoretical interests, including the possible use of circular dichroism to determine the absolute configuration of chiral metal complexes, and the development of a molecular mechanics force field for metallocenes. He maintained a strong interest in the properties of multimetallic proteins and devoted much effort to the construction of chiral binucleating ligands. During the 7–8 years before his retirement from the University of Chicago in 2006, he shifted his research to supramolecular recognition by suitably designed metal complexes.
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37

Cuadrado, Isabel, Moisés Morán, Carmen M. Casado, Beatriz Alonso, and José Losada. "Organometallic dendrimers with transition metals." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 193-195 (October 1999): 395–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00036-3.

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38

Beckhaus, R. "The Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metals." Synthesis 1995, no. 02 (February 1995): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1995-3863.

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39

Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa S. "Organometallic Polymers of the Transition Metals." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 23, no. 17 (December 2002): 995–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200290003.

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40

Koelle, U. "Organometallic aqua ions of the transition metals." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 135-136 (November 1994): 623–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(94)80079-0.

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41

Stephenson, G. R. "Chapter 7. Organometallic chemistry: the transition metals." Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 93 (1996): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/oc9969300197.

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42

Bertani, R. "The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals." Inorganica Chimica Acta 157, no. 1 (March 1989): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83434-9.

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43

STEPHENSON, G. R. "ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Chemistry: The Transition Metals." ChemInform 29, no. 12 (June 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199812260.

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44

Lappert, M. F. "The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 354, no. 2 (October 1988): C26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(88)87059-1.

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45

Leigh, G. J. "The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 486, no. 1-2 (January 1995): C2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(95)90101-j.

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46

Muir, Kenneth W. "The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals." Endeavour 12, no. 4 (January 1988): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(88)90184-6.

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47

Brisdon, Brian J. "The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals." Endeavour 16, no. 4 (December 1992): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(92)90054-s.

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48

Silva, Eduarda, Artur Silva, and Djenisa Rocha. "Diels–Alder Reactions of 1,2-Dihydropyridines: An Efficient Tool for the Synthesis of Isoquinuclidines." Synthesis 50, no. 09 (April 4, 2018): 1773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609418.

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The Diels–Alder reaction of 1,2-dihydropyridines with different dienophiles is a well-established and straightforward method for the synthesis of isoquinuclidines. Nevertheless, the enantioselective preparation of isoquinuclidines using organocatalysts or organometallic catalysts is rather unexplored. This succinct review offers readers an overall perspective of the most important recent developments and concepts related to this topic.1 Introduction2 Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction of 1,2-Dihydropyridines2.1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions2.2 Organocatalyzed Reactions3 Diels–Alder Reaction of 1,2-Dihydropyridines in the Synthesis of Biologically Valuable Compounds4 Conclusion
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49

Bumagin, N. A., Yu V. Gulevich, and I. P. Beletskaya. "Reactions of organometallic compounds catalyzed by transition-metal complexes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 282, no. 3 (March 1985): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(85)87200-4.

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50

Krauss, H. L., and G. Langstein. "Surface compounds of transition metals." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 65, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(91)85087-i.

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