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Journal articles on the topic 'Organophosphate compounds'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Eyer, P. "Review : Neuropsychopathological changes by organophosphorus compounds — a review." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 11 (1995): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501401101.

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1 Available literature dealing with neuropsychopathologi cal changes after exposure to organophosphate insecti cides is reviewed. 2 Subacute neurological sequelae following acute organophosphate intoxication include the 'intermediate syndrome', probably a myopathy elicited by excess acetylcholine, and the 'organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy' (OPIDN), which is caused by particularly neurotoxic organophosphates that inhibit neuropathy target esterase. 3 Long-term toxic effects affecting behaviour as well as mental and visual functions are occasionally observed after exposure to high dose

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2

Abdulbasit Oboh, Ferdinand Uwaifo, Ozioma Jerry Gabriel, Adrams .O. Uwaifo, Ajayi, Simeon Ayo-Oluwa, and Joy Uzuokoh Ukoba. "Multi-Organ toxicity of organophosphate compounds: hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects." International Medical Science Research Journal 4, no. 8 (2024): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i8.1364.

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Organophosphate compounds, widely used as pesticides, pose significant health risks due to their toxic effects on various organs. This study explores the hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and cardiotoxic impacts of organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos, a common organophosphate, has been shown to severely impair liver function and structure, causing necrosis, vacuolization, and dilatation of sinusoids. Similar hepatotoxic effects have been observed with triazophos, methidathion, diazinon, malathion, parathion, and dimethoate. The kidneys also suffer from organophosphate toxicity, primarily through direct par

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Jin, Shan, Kumar S. Sarkar, Youngnam N. Jin, et al. "An In Vivo Zebrafish Screen Identifies Organophosphate Antidotes with Diverse Mechanisms of Action." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 18, no. 1 (2012): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112458153.

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Organophosphates are a class of highly toxic chemicals that includes many pesticides and chemical weapons. Exposure to organophosphates, either through accidents or acts of terrorism, poses a significant risk to human health and safety. Existing antidotes, in use for over 50 years, have modest efficacy and undesirable toxicities. Therefore, discovering new organophosphate antidotes is a high priority. Early life stage zebrafish exposed to organophosphates exhibit several phenotypes that parallel the human response to organophosphates, including behavioral deficits, paralysis, and eventual deat

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4

Setiawan, Fery, Arif Rahman Nurdianto, Heribertus Agustinus B. Tena, et al. "Molecular Toxicology of Organophosphate Poisoning." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 11, no. 1 (2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v11i1.1596.

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The use of organophosphates (pesticides and other compounds to eradicate pests), currently, to increase the fulfillment of the population's consumption needs has a double-edged sword effect, on the one hand it can increase the need for food to be consumed by the population. The negative effect that can arise is the safety of organophosphate drugs which can contaminate the soil and water sources around the place where organophosphate drugs are used. The negative effects of organophosphates are associated with the effects of xenobiotics on humans who consume them. Xenobiotics are associated with

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Lazarević-Pašti, Tamara. "Carbon Materials for Organophosphate Pesticide Sensing." Chemosensors 11, no. 2 (2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020093.

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Organophosphates are mainly used as pesticides to protect crops from pests. Because organophosphate pesticides’ use has expanded dramatically worldwide, accurate monitoring of their concentrations in the environment and food has become of utmost importance. Once considered acutely toxic due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, nowadays organophosphates are classified as extremely dangerous compounds, with a broad spectrum of toxicity types, by the World Health Organization. Having in mind their extensive use and diverse harmful effects, it is necessary to develop easy, rapid, and highly sensiti

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Vaishnav lal C L, Chandan R S, Maruthi R, and Gurupadayya B M. "Analytical and Bio-Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dichlorvos Pesticide Using RP-HPLC Method." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 5650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3205.

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Organophosphorus compounds were synthesised in the 1800s. Later they are used as insecticides in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The German scientist Gerhard Schrader is known for the creation of the basic chemical structure of anticholinesterase organophosphate compounds and development of the first commercialised Organophosperous insecticide. Such chemicals are anticholinesterase insecticide commonly used in agriculture and horticulture. To a lesser extent, they are used for domestic use. Due to the absence of bio persistence in organophosphates, most of the western countries opted to substi

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Altaf, S., F. Muhammad, B. Aslam, and MN Faisal. "Cell membrane enveloped polymeric nanosponge for detoxification of chlorpyrifos poison: In vitro and in vivo studies." Human & Experimental Toxicology 40, no. 8 (2021): 1286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327121993207.

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Organophosphates are highly toxic compounds as they are involved in irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, causing various neurotoxic effects via acetylcholine accumulation throughout the nervous system. Traditional treatments for organophosphate poisoning are not effective enough to overcome all the toxic effects. There is a need for alternate treatment of life threatening poisoning of organophosphates. For this purpose a biomimetic nanosponge of poly (lactic- co-glycolic acid) is prepared, characterized and analysed as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. In this nanosponge r

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Jha, Suman K., Sabin Chaulagain, Shiva Kumar Ojha, Angela Basnet Neela Sunuwar, and Akanchha Khadka. "Acute Pancreatitis Following Organophosphate Compound Poisoning: A Case Report." Science Progress and Research 1, no. 4 (2021): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.141.

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Organophosphate compounds are chemicals containing central phosphate molecules with alkyl or aromatic substituent’s. They occur in diverse forms and are used as pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, etc. Organophosphate compounds are frequently used as pesticides in agrarian communities all across the world. South Asian countries such as Nepal use vast quantities of Organophosphate compounds for pest control in agriculture. Therefore, accidental and suicidal ingestion of Organophosphate compound poisoning has been common especially among the agricultural rural communities. Apart from muscarini

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9

Sokolova, M. O., V. E. Sobolev, D. A. Reshetkina, and O. A. Nagibovich. "Toxic effect of organophosphate compounds on the kidneys." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 3 (2020): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50560.

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Abstract. The study describes: the toxic effect of organophosphate intoxication compounds on the human and animal organism, the contribution of organophosphate to the chronic kidney disease epidemiology and the acute kidney poisoning pathophysiology caused by organophosphate compounds. The study shows oxidative stress and systemic hemodynamic disturbance in the pathogenesis of organophosphate-induced kidney injury. We summarized effects of organophosphate substances on the structural and functional kidneys tissue characteristics in humans and animals. Biomarkers useful for early diagnosis of k

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Jha, Suman K., Sabin Chaulagain, Shiva Kumar Ojha, Angela Basnet, Neela Sunuwar, and kanchha Khadka. "Acute Pancreatitis Following Organophosphate Compound Poisoning: A Case Report." Science Progress and Research 1, no. 4 (2021): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.136.

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Organophosphate compounds are chemicals containing central phosphate molecules with alkyl or aromatic substituent’s. They occur in diverse forms and are used as pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, etc. Organophosphate compounds are frequently used as pesticides in agrarian communities all across the world. South Asian countries such as Nepal use vast quantities of Organophosphate compounds for pest control in agriculture. Therefore, accidental and suicidal ingestion of Organophosphate compound poisoning has been common especially among the agricultural rural communities. Apart from muscarini

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Ijezie, Echey, Fadekemi Megbelayin, Kevin Edem, and Augustina Elochukwu Ijezie. "Accidental organophosphate poisoning in a child in Uyo, Nigeria: a public health alert." International Journal of Scientific Reports 2, no. 5 (2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20161469.

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<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Organophosphates are often constituents of pesticides and insecticides. Some of these products are sold by unregistered vendors on the streets and in market places in sub-Saharan Africa. When purchased, and improperly stored, children may easily have access to, and inadvertently consume them. The clinical features of organophosphate poisoning include diarrhoea, diaphoresis, urination, miosis, bronchorrhoea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation and salivation. Atropine administration is an important cornerstone of the management of th

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Ayoub, Ahmed Hany, Mohamed I. Soliman, Mohamed A. Hussein, and Mohammed T. Rageh. "Delayed onset intermediate syndrome after organophosphate poisoning." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 26, no. 4 (2022): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v26i4.1964.

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Intermediate syndrome is not an uncommon condition, it may occur following exposure to organophosphates, either accidental or suicidal. Picture of intermediate syndrome can develop within 24 to 96 h. We report the case of a 41-year-old male patient, who had a picture of intermediate syndrome, occurring with a delayed onset, than the usual, after exposure to an insecticide solution containing organophosphates. We stress that the patients who have recovered from initial acute cholinergic crisis, should be closely observed for the development of intermediate syndrome. Abbreviations: ER - em

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Mudasir, Mudasir, Yari Mukti Wibowo, and Harno Dwi Pranowo. "Design of New Potent Insecticides of Organophosphate Derivatives Based on QSAR Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2013): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21331.

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Design of new potent insecticide compounds of organophosphate derivatives based on QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) analytical model has been conducted. Organophosphate derivative compounds and their activities were obtained from the literature. Computational modeling of the structure of organophosphate derivative compounds and calculation of their QSAR descriptors have been done by AM1 (Austin Model 1) method. The best QSAR model was selected from the QSAR models that used only electronic descriptors and from those using both electronic and molecular descriptors. The best Q

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Nining, Euis, Rizal Sjarief Sjaiful Nazli, Zainal Alim Mas’ud, Machfud Machfud, and Sobir Sobir. "Profil Residu Insektisida Organofosfat di Kawasan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 9, no. 4 (2019): 999–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.4.999-1009.

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Excessive use of pesticides can have an impact on the environment, including the loss of pesticide residues in soil and agricultural products. The purpose of this study was to determine the spreading of organophosphate pesticide residues in the shallot production area of Brebes Regency, Central Java. Research locations were two districts selected by purposive sampling based on production area, namely Kersana and Wanasari Districts. Organophosphate compounds analyzed include chlorpyrifos, paration, profenofos, diazinon, fenitrotion, metidation and malation. Organophosphate residue analysis was

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Coskun, Abuzer, Afsin Emre Kayipmaz, Sedat Ozbay, Osman Mahir Okur, Ilham Ozkan, and Sevki Hakan Eren. "Delayed organophosphate - induced polyneuropathy." Medical Science and Discovery 2, no. 4 (2019): 271–74. https://doi.org/10.36472/msd.v2i4.70.

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Introduction: Intoxication with organophosphate compounds used for pest control is common in Turkey. Organophosphate intoxication may occur during agricultural spraying, transport of organophosphate compounds, or domestic accidents, although suicide attempts are the most common way of intoxication. Case Presentation: We present a 23-year-old woman ingested a fistful of painkillers and drank a sip of an unknown syrup after having a quarrel with her family. Four hours later, she had been taken to a nearby hospital with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, where she had been treated for drug int

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Jindal, Ravi, Harinder Pal Singh, Jaspreet Singh, Navjot Kaur, Rajiv Jindal, and Somnath Goyal. "ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (2021): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12284.

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Organophosphorus compounds are very commonly available substance especially in agriculture based countries. Its use as a suicidal agent is rampant. Early management of the patient is critical in the final outcome. Use of atropine forms the mainstay of management after early decontamination. The role of oximes has been a matter of controversy. Use of Fresh Frozen Plasma and monitoring the patient using cholinesterase levels is amongst one of the developments in the management of the patient.

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Mukherjee, Sudisha, and Rinkoo Devi Gupta. "Organophosphorus Nerve Agents: Types, Toxicity, and Treatments." Journal of Toxicology 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3007984.

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Organophosphorus compounds are extensively used worldwide as pesticides which cause great hazards to human health. Nerve agents, a subcategory of the organophosphorus compounds, have been produced and used during wars, and they have also been used in terrorist activities. These compounds possess physiological threats by interacting and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme which leads to the cholinergic crisis. After a general introduction, this review elucidates the mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noncholinergic effects of organophosphorus compounds. The conceivable treatment strategie

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Mendes, M. C., J. R. Pereira, and A. P. Prado. "SENSITIVITY OF BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) TO PYRETHROIDS AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE IN FARMS IN THE VALE DO PARAÍBA REGION, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 74, no. 2 (2007): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v74p0812007.

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ABSTRACT A study to evaluate the resistance of B. microplus to the active principles cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos was performed together with the survey of the tick control practices used in 12 farms located in Vale do Paraíba Region, São Paulo, Brazil. Results obtained by the larval packet test (LPT) technique, adopted by FAO, showed established resistance to pyrethroids (cypermethrin 16.7% sensitive, 8.3% resistant level I and 75% resistant level II; deltamethrin 25% /sensitive, 33.3% resistant level II and 41.7% resistant level III) and emerging resistance to organophosphate

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Awe, Yemisi Tosin, Abimbola Yusuf Sangodoyin, and Mary Bosede Ogundiran. "Assessment of organophosphate pesticide residues in environmental media of Araromi farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 37, no. 4 (2022): e2022031. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022031.

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The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of organophosphate compounds residue in soil, surface water, sediment, and banana crops in Araromi farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria. Organophosphate pesticide residues were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) in 16 soil samples from cocoa and banana farms, 6 water and sediment samples each, and 8 banana samples from 4 farms in the study site. Fourteen organophosphate compounds were detected (acephate, omethoate, dementon-s-methyl, dimethoate, tolcofos-methyl, pirimiphos-me

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Awe, Yemisi Tosin, Abimbola Yisau Sangodoyin, and Mary Bosede Ogundiran. "Assessment of organophosphate pesticide residues in environmental media of Araromi farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 37, no. 4 (2022): e2022035. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022035.

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The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of organophosphate compounds residue in soil, surface water, sediment, and banana crops in Araromi farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria. Organophosphate pesticide residues were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) in 16 soil samples from cocoa and banana farms, 6 water and sediment samples each, and 8 banana samples from 4 farms in the study site. Fourteen organophosphate compounds were detected (acephate, omethoate, dementon-s-methyl, dimethoate, tolcofos-methyl, pirimiphos-me

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Güven, M., F. Bayram, K. Ünlühizarci, and F. Kelestimur. "Endocrine changes in patients with acute organophosphate poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 18, no. 10 (1999): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032799678839419.

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In critical illness, several drugs and various stressful conditions modify the functions of neurotransmitters which consequently affect the secretion of pituitary hormones. Although the role of neurotransmitters in the regulation of endocrine system is well known, cholinergic actions have been less investigated. In animals, cholinesterase inhibitors were shown to modify the pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal axes, and to affect prolactin levels. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the organophosphate compounds on endocrine system, particularly pituitary hormones. T

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Raharjo, Mursid. "Synthesis of Nanosilver Nitrate for Vector Control (Aedes Aegypti) in Banjarnegara, Central Java (Case of Endemic Area DHF Banjarnegara)." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 01 (2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202110.

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Integrated vector management especially for Aedes aegypti mosquito is a priority to control the transmission of dengue fever. An effective and environment friendly insecticide is needed. This study aims to find the effective dose of vector control material for Ae. aegypti. Nanosilver nitrate used as a material for mosquitoes insecticide caused it has greater potential to enter through the pore of nervous system of Ae. aegypti.This field research used adult mosquitoes Ae. Aegypti for toxicity test. The total samples were 200. The toxicity test of organophosphate compounds, at concentration 3.5

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Basnet, Angela, Dhan Shrestha, Sabin Chaulagain, et al. "Psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of poisoning in Nepal: an institutional experience." F1000Research 10 (July 12, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54327.1.

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Background Poisoning has become a major public health problem, with the intent in most cases being self-harm and commit suicide. This study highlights the psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients visiting Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital after poisoning. Methods This retrospective record-based study was done among poisoning patients of a hospital in Nepal from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15. Results Out of 134 total poisoning cases, 71 had consumed organophosphate compounds. The majority of the cases were female (59.2%

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Basnet, Angela, Dhan Shrestha, Sabin Chaulagain, et al. "Psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of poisoning in Nepal: an institutional experience." F1000Research 10 (August 31, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54327.2.

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Background Poisoning has become a major public health problem, with the intent in most cases being self-harm and commit suicide. This study highlights the psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients visiting Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital after poisoning. Methods This retrospective record-based study was done among poisoning patients of a hospital in Nepal from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15. Results Out of 134 total poisoning cases, 71 had consumed organophosphate compounds. The majority of the cases were female (59.2%

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Hidalgo-Serrano, Míriam, Francesc Borrull, Eva Pocurull, and Rosa Maria Marcé. "Determination of Organophosphate Ester Metabolites in Seafood Species by QuEChERS-SPE Followed by LC-HRMS." Molecules 27, no. 23 (2022): 8635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238635.

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Organophosphate triesters are compounds widely used in industries and are ubiquitous in the environment, where they can be transformed into organophosphate diesters. Some organophosphate diesters are also used by industry. Several studies suggest organophosphate diesters can have toxic effects for reproduction, and hazardous and mutagenic properties. Due to the impact these compounds can have on marine biota and human beings through the consumption of fish and shellfish, it is necessary to study their presence in widely consumed seafood species. We therefore developed an analytical method for

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R., Raveendra K., Chandana V., and Sanjana Kodur. "A prospective study to assess glycemic status as a possible prognostic marker in non diabetic acute organophosphate poisoning patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 3 (2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200659.

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Background: Organophosphates (OP) are a diverse group of insecticides used for pest control. Due to easy availability of these compounds over the counter, organophosphate poisoning continues to be a major cause of deliberate self-harm. Although choline esterase inhibition plays a key role in OP poisoning, other metabolic factors like dysglycemia contribute to the severity of poisoning. The present study attempts to assess glycaemic variability as a probable prognostic factor in acute OP poisoning. Aim of the study was to correlate the blood glucose levels with the severity and treatment outcom

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Khaliq, A., M. N. R. Attique, and A. H. Sayyed. "Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan." Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 2 (2007): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307004877.

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AbstractThe susceptibility of representative pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, bifenthrin), organophosphate (chlorpyriphos, triazophos, profenophos) and new chemistry insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and emamectin) was investigated for 18 field populations ofPlutella xylostella(Linnaeus) from three different zones in Pakistan. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) values of pyrethroids for various populations ranged from 0.19–1.88 for cypermethrin, 0.31–2.64 for deltamethrin, 0.08–1.16 for lambdacyhalothrin and 0.07–0.88 for bifenthrin. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) of organophosphates

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Chandni, Jain, Gopal Ram, Panwar Lalita, and Nagar Meena. "Phosphorylation and thiophosphorylation of 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-6-methyl benzothiazole and their biological activities." Journal of Indian Chemical Society 93, June 2016 (2016): 571–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5638395.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Rajasthan, India <em>E-mail</em> : nagar_meena@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received online 15 December 2015, accepted 30 January 2016</em> Some novel organophosphorus compounds of the type [(C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N<sub>2</sub> S)<sub>n</sub>P(O)Cl<sub>3-n</sub>]/[(C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N<sub>2</sub> S)<sub>n</sub>P(S)Cl<sub>3-n</sub>] {where n=1–3} have been easily synthesized by the reaction of 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-6-methyl benzothiazole (C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N<sub>2</sub> S) with phosphorus oxychloride

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Kurkova, I. N., I. V. Smirnov, A. A. Belogurov, N. A. Ponomarenko, and A. G. Gabibov. "Creation of catalytic antibodies metabolizing organophosphate compounds." Biochemistry (Moscow) 77, no. 10 (2012): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297912100069.

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Houzé, Pascal, Alice Hutin, Marc Lejay, and Frédéric J. Baud. "Comparison of the Respiratory Toxicity and Total Cholinesterase Activities in Dimethyl Versus Diethyl Paraoxon-Poisoned Rats." Toxics 7, no. 2 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7020023.

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The chemical structure of organophosphate compounds (OPs) is a well-known factor which modifies the acute toxicity of these compounds. We compared ventilation at rest and cholinesterase activities in male Sprague-Dawley rats poisoned with dimethyl paraoxon (DMPO) and diethyl paraoxon (DEPO) at a subcutaneous dose corresponding to 50% of the median lethal dose (MLD). Ventilation at rest was recorded by whole body plethysmography. Total cholinesterase activities were determined by radiometric assay. Both organophosphates decreased significantly the respiratory rate, resulting from an increase in

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Hattori, H., O. Suzuki, and M. Asano. "Usefulness of Gas Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Detection of an Organophosphate Pesticide in a Victim." Medicine, Science and the Law 26, no. 4 (1986): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600403.

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A case is described of a 51-year old male found dead outdoors with froth around his mouth. The presence of aromatic smelling stomach contents suggested the presence of a toxic chemical. The blood, urine and stomach contents, after extraction with organic solvents, were subject to analysis by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) in the positive electron impact (EI) mode. The mass spectra showed peaks at m/z 320, 274 and 246. Negative chemical ionization (CI)/GC/MS was also carried out. The negative CI mass spectra of the chemical showed a large anion at m/z 157, which strongly suggest

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Sobolev, Vladislav E., Margarita O. Sokolova, Richard O. Jenkins, and Nikolay V. Goncharov. "Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Organophosphate Nephrotoxicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (2022): 8855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168855.

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Organophosphates (OPs) are toxic chemicals produced by an esterification process and some other routes. They are the main components of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides and are also widely used in the production of plastics and solvents. Acute or chronic exposure to OPs can manifest in various levels of toxicity to humans, animals, plants, and insects. OPs containing insecticides were widely used in many countries during the 20th century, and some of them continue to be used today. In particular, 36 OPs have been registered in the USA, and all of them have the potential to cause acute

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Zea, Angélica Geovanna, Paulina Quichimbo, Evelyn Merchán, and Pablo Caballero. "Analysis of pesticide residues: organophosphates and pyre-throids in Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum tuberosum, and their potential impact on Public Health." Journal of Ecohumanism 3, no. 4 (2024): 1228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i4.3653.

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In this study, the presence of pesticide residues in foods, specifically in tomatoes and potatoes, was investigated after harvesting in the Paute Canton-Ecuador. An information survey was car-ried out to determine the most relevant crops and pesticides in the study area. A qualitative analysis of organophosphates and pyrethroids was carried out in samples of Solanum lycoper-sicum and Solanum tuberosum using the thin layer chromatography technique. It was found that 80.00% of the tomato samples presented residues of organophosphate compounds and 30. 00% pyrethroid residues, while 66.7% of the p

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Mdeni, Nonkululeko Landy, Abiodun Olagoke Adeniji, Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh, and Omobola Oluranti Okoh. "Analytical Evaluation of Carbamate and Organophosphate Pesticides in Human and Environmental Matrices: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 3 (2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030618.

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Pesticides are synthetic compounds that may become environmental contaminants through their use and application. The high productivity achieved in the agricultural industry can be credited to the use and application of pesticides by way of pest and insect control. As much as pesticides have a positive impact on the agricultural industry, some disadvantages come with their application in the environment because they are intentionally toxic, and this is more towards non-target organisms. They are grouped into chlorophenols, organochlorines, synthetic pyrethroid, carbamates, and organophosphorus

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Risal, Prabodh, Sandip Lama, Saroj Thapa, Rajendra Bhatta, and Raj Kumar Karki. "Cholinesterase and Liver Enzymes in Patients with Organophosphate Poisoning." Journal of Nobel Medical College 8, no. 1 (2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v8i1.24474.

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Background: Organ phosphorus compounds are one of the most common causes of insecticide poisoning worldwide leading to high degree of morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries like Nepal. The liver is the main organ that metabolizes various compounds including toxins, chemicals and drugs and eventually excretes from the body. Few studies have been done in Nepal to see the level of liver enzymes among the organ phosphorus compounds poisoning. This may helps in early diagnosis of acute hepatic failure and reduces OP poisoning related death. Materials and Methods: Retro

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Syawal, M. S., A. Ibrahim, Yustiawati, et al. "Organophosphate pesticide residues in surface water and bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blkr.) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1221, no. 1 (2023): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1221/1/012080.

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Abstract Organophosphate pesticide is a pesticide derivate that is used widely by farmers because it has a high killing power against insects and easily disappears from plants. Organophosphate pesticide residues can accumulate in the environment and also cause acute and chronic poisoning in humans. Singkarak Lake in West Sumatra Province is surrounded by many agricultural and farming areas. One of fisheries resources that can be affected by activities at those areas is Bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis). The study aims to determine the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in Singka

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Richards, J. M., A. C. Boyter, and D. Nathwani. "A Jaundiced Farmer." Scottish Medical Journal 41, no. 6 (1996): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309604100607.

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A previously well farmer became deeply jaundiced after dipping sheep with organophosphate sheep dips. He had failed to wear adequate protective clothing and presumably absorbed toxic compounds through his skin. There is currently major interest in these compounds because of their protean clinical manifestations.

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Abass, Kasim Sakran. "A Method for Fast Assessment of OP/CB Exposure in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Using Combined Esterases Enzyme Activity as Biomarkers." Enzyme Research 2014 (January 9, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/812302.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of different esterase activities in plasma and liver for Japanese quail and to combine determination of both carboxylesterase and cholinesterase as biochemical biomarker in order to identify the effects of carbamate and organophosphate compounds exposure. Carboxylesterase exhibits larger sensitivity to carbamate and organophosphate compounds than to cholinesterase and is present at higher levels. This permitted nature and distribution of carboxylesterase or cholinesterase to be measured. One predominant toxicological form of enzyme level

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Prajapat, Narendra Kumar, Mohammed Riyaz Bhati, Sayed Wasim Ahmad, and Rajesh Jain. "Electrocardiographic Changes in Case of Acute Organophosphate Compounds Poisoning." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 8 (2022): 12–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11559802.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Considerable significance has been given to Organophosphorus compounds over past few decades as common poisoning amongst humans. The present study was conducted for assessing the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in such situations. <strong>Materials & Methods: </strong>One hundred twelve patients with the alleged history of OPC poisoning were enrolled. Apart from thorough history and detail clinical assessment, electrocardiographic changes were recorded. <strong>Results:  </strong>The incidence was higher (32.14%) in the age gr

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Inozemtsev, V. A., I. A. Nelga, I. V. Medvetsky, et al. "History of Foreign Studies of Organophosphate Induced Delayed Neuropathy." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 4, no. 2 (2020): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-2-177-188.

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Сertain organophosphates are highly toxic and can be used as chemical warfare agents. However, some classes of organic phosphorus compounds can cause so-called delayed neurotoxicity. Since the discovery of this phenomenon in 1899, extensive research has been conducted on delayed neurotoxicity caused by organophosphates. Mass poisoning of residents of the United States and Morocco in the last century demonstrated the high danger of substances that cause neurotoxicity, and gave a powerful impetus to research into this phenomenon. In addition to delayed effects, some phosphorus compounds potentia

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Tush, Gretchen M., and Michael I. Anstead. "Pralidoxime Continuous Infusion in the Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 4 (1997): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100411.

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Objective To report a case of organophosphate poisoning treated with a continuous infusion of pralidoxime chloride. Case Summary A 27-year-old white man presented with extreme agitation, muscle weakness and fasciculations, and respiratory failure after ingesting an organophosphate pesticide (Dursban, active ingredients chlorpyrifos and xylene) as a suicide attempt. Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride were administered intermittently, ut the patient continued to be extremely agitated and have muscle fasciculations. Subsequently, a continuous intravenous infusion of pralidoxime (8 mg/mL co

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Hoq, Md Enamul, AKM Shafiqul Islam, Rubaba Sharmin, et al. "Clinical Profile of Adult Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital." Central Medical College Journal 5, no. 2 (2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cemecj.v5i2.61486.

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Despite the apparent benefits of organophosphate compounds (OPCs) acute organophosphate (OP) pesticide poisoning is an increasing problem worldwide. In a country like Bangladesh, where agriculture is a major component of the economy, these compounds are readily available to the general public. There is paucity of evidence from Bangladesh showing the pattern of organophosphate poisoning (OPP) in healthcare facilities. The aim of this study is to see the clinical profile of organophosphorus compound poisoning in admitted patients of tertiary care hospital. Methods: This observational cross

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de la Peña Mattozzi, Matthew, Sundiep K. Tehara, Thomas Hong, and Jay D. Keasling. "Mineralization of Paraoxon and Its Use as a Sole C and P Source by a Rationally Designed Catabolic Pathway in Pseudomonas putida." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (2006): 6699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00907-06.

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ABSTRACT Organophosphate compounds, which are widely used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are cholinesterase inhibitors. These synthetic compounds are resistant to natural degradation and threaten the environment. We constructed a strain of Pseudomonas putida that can efficiently degrade a model organophosphate, paraoxon, and use it as a carbon, energy, and phosphorus source. This strain was engineered with the pnp operon from Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV2030, which encodes enzymes that transform p-nitrophenol into β-ketoadipate, and with a synthetic operon encoding an organophosphate

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Nayak, Sonali, and Roshan Kurmi. "Spectrum of Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients Presenting with Acute Organophosphate Compounds Poisoning." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 39 (2021): 3496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/708.

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BACKGROUND Organophosphate compounds (OPC) are important cause of poisoning in developing countries. They are irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors and produce signs and symptoms pertaining to various organ systems via their muscarinic and nicotinic effects. The cardiac manifestations include hemodynamic instability and various arrhythmias. Here, in this study, we described various electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in patients of OPC poisoning in our population. METHODS This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at tertiary academic centre. All patients (>14 years and < 75

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Adolfi, Adriana, Beth Poulton, Amalia Anthousi, Stephanie Macilwee, Hilary Ranson, and Gareth J. Lycett. "Functional genetic validation of key genes conferring insecticide resistance in the major African malaria vector,Anopheles gambiae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (2019): 25764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914633116.

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Resistance inAnopheles gambiaeto members of all 4 major classes (pyrethroids, carbamates, organochlorines, and organophosphates) of public health insecticides limits effective control of malaria transmission in Africa. Increase in expression of detoxifying enzymes has been associated with insecticide resistance, but their direct functional validation inAn. gambiaeis still lacking. Here, we perform transgenic analysis using the GAL4/UAS system to examine insecticide resistance phenotypes conferred by increased expression of the 3 genes—Cyp6m2,Cyp6p3, andGste2—most often found up-regulated in re

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Sajid, Nida, Noor-us Saba, Faiza Ghuman, et al. "ACUTE ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 10 (2017): 1461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.10.695.

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Introduction: Organophosphate poisoning (OP) is a serious public healthproblem. Cardiac manifestations are seen in majority of patients with OP and may range fromsinus tachycardia to more serious ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Objectives: To determinethe electrocardiographical manifestations of acute organophosphate poisoning at a tertiarycare hospital. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Medicine, AbbasiShaheed Hospital, Karachi. Period: February 2011 to August 2011 over a period of six months.Patients and methods: All patients of either sex presenting with the history or

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Colovic, Mirjana, Danijela Krstic, Vesna Vasic, Aleksandra Bondzic, Gordana Uscumlic, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Organophosphorus insecticides: Toxic effects and bioanalytical tests for evaluating toxicity during degradation processes." Chemical Industry 67, no. 2 (2013): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120323060c.

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Organophosphorus insecticides have been the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Their main toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Actually, they covalently bind to serine OH group in the enzyme active site forming phosphorylated enzyme that cannot hydrolyze acetylcholine. Organophosphorus insecticides in the environment undergo the natural degradation pathway including mainly homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis (especially at high pH) generating non-inhibiting products. Additionally, thio organophosphates are easily

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Dr., Roman Ashraf. "DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF 120 RESPONDENTS OF DEMISES OWING TO ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUND POISONING." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 09 (2019): 12044–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458541.

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<em>Organophosphorus mixtures remain expansively practiced as insecticides for soft-bodied pests in agriculture. Those compounds were introduced in Pakistan since 1956; nonetheless, actual insufficient peoples recognized nature of those mixtures as the infectious fatal until food poisoning disaster in 1960 that appealed around 120 peoples. This remained owing to unplanned stocking of food correspondences in identical hold as folderol bottles. In republics just like Pakistan, organophosphates remain effortlessly found in addition, consequently, the foundation of mutually deliberate also unplann

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Little, S., H. Llewellyn, and SFJ Clarke. "Sensory ataxia associated with chronic organophosphate pesticide exposure." Human & Experimental Toxicology 29, no. 8 (2010): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109360365.

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Organophosphorus compounds are widely used in agriculture and industry. Although the immediate and delayed effects of acute exposure have been well described, the clinical sequelae of chronic, low-dose exposure are less certain. This paper describes the case of a farmer who had been exposed to a variety of organophosphate pesticides over a 30-year period, and developed sensory ataxia, which has not previously been described. She was found to have an abnormal cholinesterase phenotype. Mechanisms of possible increased sensitivity to these compounds are discussed which may, in future, allow certa

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ZHAO, Jinsong. "3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship study of organophosphate compounds." Chinese Science Bulletin 49, no. 3 (2004): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/03wb0156.

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