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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organophosphate neurotoxics

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Academic literature on the topic 'Organophosphate neurotoxics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Organophosphate neurotoxics"

1

Eyer, P. "Review : Neuropsychopathological changes by organophosphorus compounds — a review." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 11 (November 1995): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501401101.

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1 Available literature dealing with neuropsychopathologi cal changes after exposure to organophosphate insecti cides is reviewed. 2 Subacute neurological sequelae following acute organophosphate intoxication include the 'intermediate syndrome', probably a myopathy elicited by excess acetylcholine, and the 'organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy' (OPIDN), which is caused by particularly neurotoxic organophosphates that inhibit neuropathy target esterase. 3 Long-term toxic effects affecting behaviour as well as mental and visual functions are occasionally observed after exposure to high doses of organophosphates with repeated acute, clinically significant intoxications. 4 The available data do not indicate that asymptomatic exposure to organophosphates is connected with an increasing risk of delayed or permanent neuro psychopathological effects.

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Altaf, S., F. Muhammad, B. Aslam, and MN Faisal. "Cell membrane enveloped polymeric nanosponge for detoxification of chlorpyrifos poison: In vitro and in vivo studies." Human & Experimental Toxicology 40, no. 8 (February 15, 2021): 1286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327121993207.

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Organophosphates are highly toxic compounds as they are involved in irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, causing various neurotoxic effects via acetylcholine accumulation throughout the nervous system. Traditional treatments for organophosphate poisoning are not effective enough to overcome all the toxic effects. There is a need for alternate treatment of life threatening poisoning of organophosphates. For this purpose a biomimetic nanosponge of poly (lactic- co-glycolic acid) is prepared, characterized and analysed as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. In this nanosponge red blood cell membranes are used for coating poly lactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. In vitro studies are conducted to investigate the retention of acetylcholinesterase activity on the prepared nanosponge as well as to assess the scavenging ability of prepared nanosponge for model organophosphate, chlorpyrifos. In vivo studies are conducted to evaluate the detoxification potential of nanosponge in rabbit model, poisoned with chlorpyrifos. Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity of nanosponge/chlorpyrifos complex is also studied in survived rabbits and the data is analysed statistically.

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Varfolomeyev, S., I. Kurockhin, A. Eremenko, and Elena Efremenko. "Chemical and biological safety: Biosensors and nanotechnological methods for the detection and monitoring of chemical and biological agents." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 12 (January 1, 2002): 2311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274122311.

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The elaboration of highly sensitive and express methods for quantitative and qualitative detection and monitoring of chemical warfare agents (CWA), organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, compounds with delayed neurotoxicity, and pathogenic microorganisms and viruses is discussed. The application of potentiometric and amperometric biosensors, automatic biosensors discriminating the neurotoxins of different classes, is performed. The information about biosensors detecting the compounds with delayed neurotoxicity through the evaluation of “neurotoxic esterase”activity in the blood is presented. The use of immunochip technology for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses is demonstrated. The enzymatic methods of destruction of organophosphorus neurotoxins are considered as the base of new defense technology.

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Mason, Lisa H., Jordan P. Harp, and Dong Y. Han. "Pb Neurotoxicity: Neuropsychological Effects of Lead Toxicity." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840547.

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Neurotoxicity is a term used to describe neurophysiological changes caused by exposure to toxic agents. Such exposure can result in neurocognitive symptoms and/or psychiatric disturbances. Common toxic agents include heavy metals, drugs, organophosphates, bacterial, and animal neurotoxins. Among heavy metal exposures, lead exposure is one of the most common exposures that can lead to significant neuropsychological and functional decline in humans. In this review, neurotoxic lead exposure's pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology are explored. In addition, commonly associated neuropsychological difficulties in intelligence, memory, executive functioning, attention, processing speed, language, visuospatial skills, motor skills, and affect/mood are explored.

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Colovic, Mirjana, Danijela Krstic, Vesna Vasic, Aleksandra Bondzic, Gordana Uscumlic, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Organophosphorus insecticides: Toxic effects and bioanalytical tests for evaluating toxicity during degradation processes." Chemical Industry 67, no. 2 (2013): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120323060c.

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Organophosphorus insecticides have been the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Their main toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Actually, they covalently bind to serine OH group in the enzyme active site forming phosphorylated enzyme that cannot hydrolyze acetylcholine. Organophosphorus insecticides in the environment undergo the natural degradation pathway including mainly homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis (especially at high pH) generating non-inhibiting products. Additionally, thio organophosphates are easily oxidized by naturally present oxidants and UV light, forming more toxic and stable oxons. Thus, oxidative degradation procedures, generally referred as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), have been applied for their efficient removal from contaminated waters. The most applied bioassays to monitor the organophosphate toxicity i.e. the detoxification degree during AOP are Vibrio fischeri and AChE bioassays. Vibrio fischeri toxicity test exploits bioluminescence as the measure of luciferase activity of this marine bacterium, whereas AChE bioassay is based on AChE activity inhibition. Both bioanalytical techniques are rapid (several minutes), simple, sensitive and reproducible. Vibrio fischeri test seems to be a versatile indicator of toxic compounds generated in AOP for organophosphorus insecticides degradation. However, detection of neurotoxic AChE inhibitors, which can be formed in AOP of some organophosphates, requires AChE bioassays. Therefore, AChE toxicity test is more appropriate for monitoring the degradation processes of thio organophosphates, because more toxic oxo organophosphates might be formed and overlooked by Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition. In addition, during organophosphates removal by AOP, compounds with strong genotoxic potential may be formed, which cannot be detected by standard toxicity tests. For this reason, determination of incidence of micronuclei and cell proliferation index in cultivated human lymphocytes and fibroblasts is suitable for evaluation of organophosphorus insecticides and their break down products inducing cytogenetic damage.

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Xu, Tiantian, Ping Li, Siyu Wu, Lili Lei, and Defu He. "Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) induce locomotor deficits and dopaminergic degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans." Toxicology Research 6, no. 1 (2017): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tx00306k.

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Pérez-Legaspi, IA, R. Rico-Martínez, and JL Quintanar. "Reduced expression of exocytotic proteins caused by anti-cholinesterase pesticides in Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera: Monogononta)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 3 (August 25, 2015): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01614.

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AbstractThe organophosphate and carbamate pesticides methyl-parathion and carbaryl have a common action mechanism: they inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses. However, they can alter the expression of exocytotic membrane proteins (SNARE), by modifying release of neurotransmitters and other substances. This study evaluated the adverse effects of the pesticides methyl-parathion and carbaryl on expression of SNARE proteins: Syntaxin-1, Syntaxin-4 and SNAP-23 in freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Protein expression of these three proteins was analyzed before and after exposure to these two pesticides by Western Blot. The expression of Syntaxin-1, Syntaxin-4 and SNAP-23 proteins in B. calyciflorussignificantly decreases with increasing concentration of either pesticides. This suggests that organophosphates and carbamates have adverse effects on expression of membrane proteins of exocytosis by altering the recognition, docking and fusion of presynaptic and vesicular membranes involved in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. Our results demonstrate that the neurotoxic effect of anticholinesterase pesticides influences the interaction of syntaxins and SNAP-25 and the proper assembly of the SNARE complex.

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Lyagin, Ilya V., and Elena N. Efremenko. "Biomolecular engineering of biocatalysts hydrolyzing neurotoxic organophosphates." Biochimie 144 (January 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.023.

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Prodanchulc, N. G., N. V. Kokshareva, P. G. Zminko, Yu S. Kagan, N. A. Shushurina, and S. V. Vekovshinina. "Prognostication of delayed neurotoxic effects of organophosphate pesticides." Toxicology Letters 95 (July 1998): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80586-9.

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Wisudanti, Desie Dwi, Firman Herdiana, and Tegar Syaiful Qodar. "Diazinon Toxicity to Kidney and Liver of Wistar Male Rats in terms of Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v5i2.11575.

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Diazinon is an organophosphate type pesticide that is still often used by farmers in Indonesia, with the effect of inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, giving rise to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse gap which will lead to incoordination, convulsions and death in insect pests. Apart from having the neurotoxic effects of diazinone it can also damage cells through the mechanism of oxidative stress. Diazinone poisoning has a high potential to cause damage to the kidney organs, because the diazinone excretion pathway and its active metabolites are through the urinary system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diazinone on the liver and renal wistar male kidney. Diazinone dosage of 40 mg / kgBW, given to mice twice a day for 5 days, with each given as much as 5 ml using the gastric sonde. The research sample was in the form of rat blood taken intracardiac to examine BUN levels, serum creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, and GSH, then kidney and liver rats were taken to make histopathological preparations and MDA examinations. Analysis of this research data using the T-test for all variables. There were significant differences between groups of rats given diazinone and groups of rats not given diazinone based on levels of BUN, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, GSH and MDA. In the group of mice not given diazinone, kidney histopathology was better than those given diazinon. Keywords: diazinon, pesticides, organophosphates

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organophosphate neurotoxics"

1

Paliwal, Sheetal Simonian Aleksandr L. "Development of enzyme-based biosensors for the detection of organophosphate neurotoxins." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Materials_Engineering/Dissertation/Paliwal_Sheetal_0.pdf.

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Wandhammer, Marielle. "Etude structurale de l'inhibition des cholinestérases par les neurotoxiques organophosphorés : stratégie de réactivation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763306.

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Les pesticides et toxiques de guerre organophosphorés sont responsables d'intoxications qui se révèlent préoccupantes pour les autorités sanitaires. La recherche de solutions thérapeutiques pour pallier le manque de moyens efficaces pour contrer ces intoxications apparaît comme essentielle. L'acétylcholinestérase (AChE), enzyme de régulation de l'influx nerveux, en est la cible principale.Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons, d'une part, mis en place une stratégie de conception de molécules capables de réactiver les cholinestérases dites vieillies. Dans ce but, plusieurs dizaines de molécules ont été conçues et synthétisées. Leur évaluation in silico par docking moléculaire et in vitro par mesure d'affinité pour l'enzyme et par étude cristallographique n'a pas permis d'obtenir la réalkylation espérée, mais ce travail nous a offert quelques nouvelles perspectives.D'autre part, nos travaux de cristallographie de l'inhibition de la butyrylcholinestérase humaine par les agents V et le sarin montrent que cette cholinestérase a une énantiosélectivité altérée pour ces inhibiteurs chiraux par rapport à l'AChE humaine. Ceci implique la nécessité de quantités d'enzyme plus importantes pour atteindre la capacité protectrice désirée et donc un surcoût non négligeable. L'AChE humaine serait finalement un bioépurateur de neurotoxiques organophosphorés économiquement plus viable.

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Schallreuter, Karin U., Nick C. Gibbons, Souna M. A. Elwary, Susan M. Parkin, and John M. Wood. "Calcium-activated butyrylcholinesterase in human skin protects acetylcholinesterase against suicide inhibition by neurotoxic organophosphates." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2691.

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No
The human epidermis holds an autocrine acetylcholine production and degradation including functioning membrane integrated and cytosolic butyrylcholinesterase (BuchE). Here we show that BuchE activities increase 9-fold in the presence of calcium (0.5 × 10-3 M) via a specific EF-hand calcium binding site, whereas acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is not affected. 45Calcium labelling and computer simulation confirmed the presence of one EF-hand binding site per subunit which is disrupted by H2O2-mediated oxidation. Moreover, we confirmed the faster hydrolysis by calcium-activated BuchE using the neurotoxic organophosphate O-ethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-phenylphosphonothioate (EPN). Considering the large size of the human skin with 1.8 m2 surface area with its calcium gradient in the 10¿3 M range, our results implicate calcium-activated BuchE as a major protective mechanism against suicide inhibition of AchE by organophosphates in this non-neuronal tissue

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Book chapters on the topic "Organophosphate neurotoxics"

1

Eremenko, Arkadiy, Il'ya Kurochkin, and Nataliya Nechaeva. "Bioanalytical systems based on cholinesterases for detection of organophosphates." In ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS, 205–18. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/32_205-218.

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Various types of electrochemical sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been presented for the analysis of organophosphates (OPC). A special design of thick film sensors and electrochemical detector for cholinesterases assay and their inhibitors in aqueous samples has been developed. For this assay, thiol sensitive sensors based on screen printed graphite electrode modified with nanoparticles of manganese dioxide were used. High sensitivity of manganese dioxide modified thick film sensors towards thiocholine and therefore low detection limit of BChE (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, and other irreversible inhibitors of BChE. This work also presents modern innovative approach for the analysis of BChE by Raman spectroscopy. New SERS-substrates based on silver paste for sensitive quantification of BChE activity were obtained, characterized and applied to thiocholine detection, with LOD (TCh) being 260 nM. Real samples of human plasma were analyzed; a good correlation between spectrophotometric detection and Raman detection was shown. The developed technique is inexpensive and easy-to-use and has promising potential for analysis of OPC.

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Eremenko, Arkadiy, Il'ya Kurochkin, and Nataliya Nechaeva. "Bioanalytical systems based on cholinesterases for detection of organophosphates." In Organophosphorous Neurotoxins, 0. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/chapter_5e4132b6096d14.18045940.

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Various types of electrochemical sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been presented for the analysis of organophosphates (OPC). A special design of thick film sensors and electrochemical detector for cholinesterases assay and their inhibitors in aqueous samples has been developed. For this assay, thiol sensitive sensors based on screen printed graphite electrode modified with nanoparticles of manganese dioxide were used. High sensitivity of manganese dioxide modified thick film sensors towards thiocholine and therefore low detection limit of BChE (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, and other irreversible inhibitors of BChE. This work also presents modern innovative approach for the analysis of BChE by Raman spectroscopy. New SERS-substrates based on silver paste for sensitive quantification of BChE activity were obtained, characterized and applied to thiocholine detection, with LOD (TCh) being 260 nM. Real samples of human plasma were analyzed; a good correlation between spectrophotometric detection and Raman detection was shown. The developed technique is inexpensive and easy-to-use and has promising potential for analysis of OPC.

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3

Richardson, Rudy J. "Interactions of Organophosphorus Compounds with Neurotoxic Esterase." In Organophosphates Chemistry, Fate, and Effects, 299–323. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091726-9.50020-3.

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4

Abou-Donia, Mohamed B. "Triphenyl Phosphite: A Type II Organophosphorus Compound–Induced Delayed Neurotoxic Agent." In Organophosphates Chemistry, Fate, and Effects, 327–51. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091726-9.50021-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organophosphate neurotoxics"

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Kirsch, Jeffry, Virginia A. Davis, and Aleksandr L. Simonian. "Direct and discriminative detection of organophosphate neurotoxins for food and agriculture products." In 2012 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2012.6411191.

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