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Journal articles on the topic 'Organophosphorus extractants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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1

Zhengshui, Hu, Pan Ying, Ma Wanwu, and Fu Xun. "PURIFICATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ACID EXTRACTANTS." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 13, no. 5 (1995): 965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299508918312.

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2

Fedorov, Vitaly A., and Mikhail A. Afonin. "DETERMINATION OF DENSITY AND DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY OF SOLUTIONS OF MEDIUM-HEAVY RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND IN EXTRACTS OF ACIDIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANTS." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 65 (2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-9-15.

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Co-extraction of rare-earth elements from chloride solutions containing total rare-earth elements by a mixture of extractants mono-2-ethylhexyl ester of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid (P507) + di(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) + 10 about. % TBP in isopar-l with a mass concentration of P507 + Cyanex 272 - 15%. The density and permittivity of solutions of rare-earth elements of the medium-heavy group in aqueous solutions and in extracts of acidic organophosphorus extractants have been determined. Initial concentrations in REE GH solutions ranged from 0.15 to 1.7 mol/dm3. The features of complex formation in a mixture of praseodymium metal and P507 extractant were studied. The initial concentrations in praseodymium solutions ranged from 0.014 to 0.149 mol/dm3.

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3

Rao, Satunuri Venkateswar, Dong Hyo Yang, Jeong Soo Sohn, and Soo-Kyung Kim. "Purification of Sulphate Leach Liquor of Spent Raneynickel Catalyst Containing Al and Ni by Solvent Extraction with Organophosphorus-Based Extractants." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/286494.

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Solvent extraction (SX) separation of Al from Ni sulphate leach liquor (LL) of spent Raneynickel catalyst containing 0.12 M Al and 1.448 M Ni using organophosphorus extractants has been investigated. Optimization of process conditions includes aqueous pH, extractant concentration, phase ratio, and stripping. Comparison of Al extraction efficiency with 0.45 M extractant concentration for TOPS 99, PC 88 A, and Cyanex 272 at an equilibrium pH of 2.23 was 81.8%, 98.6%, and 75%, respectively. The corresponding coextraction of Ni was 0.65, 0.6, and 0.9. Among the three extractants screened, PC 88A showed better extraction efficiency for Al at lower pH values than the others. Using 0.45 M PC 88 A, extraction isotherm was obtained at an aqueous-to-organic (A : O) phase ratio of 1 : 1–3 and O : A ratio of 1 : 1–5, which predicted possible separation of Al in 2 stages at A/O ratio of 2. Quantitative stripping was achieved by H2SO4.

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4

Mánuel, Victoria, Juan Pinto, Carolina Mendiguchía, and Carlos Moreno. "Solvent extraction with organophosphorus extractants in environmental samples: determination of cadmium(II) in natural water." Open Chemistry 12, no. 3 (2014): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0379-0.

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AbstractIn this work, Cd(II) extraction in natural waters by organophosphorus extractants as organic phase, as well as its back-extraction in an acidic media, has been studied. Cadmium extraction behavior at natural waters’ pH conditions (values in the range 7–8) was studied with two different extractants and co-ions, obtaining the highest extraction efficiency when using 0.1M Cyanex 272 in kerosene as organic phase and 0.1 M NO3 − as co-ion. Once they were selected, the effect on the extraction efficiency of sample pH, buffer concentration, extraction time, Cyanex 272 concentration as well as back-extractant concentration, was studied. The presence of the main inorganic and organic ligands in the sample was also studied, observing that extraction efficiency was affected most significantly when chlorides were present, with a decrease of about 14%, proving negligible for the others. Under the selected conditions, spiked real samples were successfully analyzed.

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5

Kabachnik, M. I. "Steric aspects of selectivity of organophosphorus extractants." Heteroatom Chemistry 2, no. 1 (1991): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520020102.

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6

Nalibaeva, Araylym, Gauhar Bishimbaeva, Nina Gusarova, et al. "PERSPECTIVE SULFUR-CONTAINING ORGANOPHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANTS OF HEAVY METALS." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 1, no. 1 (2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2021-1-1-58-59.

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The possibility and prospects of using tertiary phosphine sulfides synthesized on the  basis of on affordable and secondary raw materials as effective extractants of heavy metals have  been investigated

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7

Reddy, M. L. P., and J. Saji. "Solvent extraction of tetravalent titanium with organophosphorus extractants." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 23, no. 3-4 (2002): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827500306892.

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8

Logunov, M. V., Yu A. Voroshilov, N. P. Starovoitov, et al. "Radiation resistance of a series of organophosphorus extractants." Radiochemistry 48, no. 1 (2006): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1066362206010127.

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9

Flett, Douglas S. "Solvent extraction in hydrometallurgy: the role of organophosphorus extractants." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 690, no. 10 (2005): 2426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.11.037.

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10

Meguro, Yoshihiro, Shuichi Iso, Takayuki Sasaki, and Zenko Yoshida. "Solubility of Organophosphorus Metal Extractants in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Analytical Chemistry 70, no. 4 (1998): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9707390.

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11

Nuñez, Luis, and Michael D. Kaminski. "Transuranic separation using organophosphorus extractants adsorbed onto superparamagnetic carriers." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 194, no. 1-3 (1999): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(98)00571-x.

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12

KABACHNIK, M. I. "ChemInform Abstract: Steric Aspects of Selectivity of Organophosphorus Extractants." ChemInform 22, no. 41 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199141273.

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13

Kiikbay, M., G. Qanai, C. C. Dosmagambetova, and K. S. Tosmaganbetova. "Methods of determination and extractants used in the isolation of platinum (review)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 134, no. 1 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2021-134-1-24-33.

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There is carried out a systematic review of the literature on methods for determining platinum (IV) ions and extractants used for their extraction in the article. The article considers chemical, physical, and physico-chemical methods of determination. Also, the authors of the article focused on selective and sensitive spectroscopic methods. There are considered several groups of such reagents and extractants as organophosphorus (tributyl phosphate, di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid) diphenylthiourea, high-molecular aliphatic alcohols, organic sulfides isolated from high-sulfur oils, binary extractants based on oxygen-containing and sulfur-containing acids, as well as secondary (R_2 〖NН〗_2А), tertiary (R_3NНA) amines, diamines, and quaternary ammonium bases (R_4NA). They were used for the extraction of platinum from multicomponent objects. Practically common to all the extractants used (chloroform, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, etc.) are their rather high solubility in water, toxicity, volatility, fire hazard. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to select such extraction systems that combine the effectiveness of organic reagents and the use of such extractants that would eliminate the disadvantages of liquid organic solvents. As such extractants, so-called low-melting organic substances can be used, which do not dissolve in water, are non-toxic, fire-safe, have a high extraction capacity, selectivity, and sensitivity to low content of elements. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to select such extraction systems, which would combine the efficiency of organic reagents and the use of such extractants that eliminate the disadvantages of liquid organic solvents. As such extractants can be used so-called fusible organic substances, which are insoluble in water, non-toxic, fire-safe, have a high extraction capacity, selectivity, sensitivity to low element content.

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14

Brčić, Ivan, Eugenio Polla, and Marko Radošević. "Determination of uranium in a kerosene solution of organophosphorus extractants." Analyst 110, no. 12 (1985): 1463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851001463.

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15

Basualto, Carlos, José Gaete, Lorena Molina, Fernando Valenzuela, Claudia Yañez, and Jose F. Marco. "Lanthanide sorbent based on magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with organophosphorus extractants." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 16, no. 3 (2015): 035010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/035010.

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16

Kolarik, Z. "Review: Dissociation, Self-Association, and Partition of Monoacidic Organophosphorus Extractants." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 28, no. 6 (2010): 707–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2010.515172.

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17

Vermaak, V., H. M. Krieg, L. De Beer, and D. Van der Westhuizen. "Mechanistic study of hafnium and zirconium extraction with organophosphorus extractants." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 36, no. 2 (2018): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2018.1431078.

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18

Su, Wenrou, Ji Chen, and Yu Jing. "Aqueous Partition Mechanism of Organophosphorus Extractants in Rare Earths Extraction." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55, no. 30 (2016): 8424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01709.

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19

Tananaev, I. G., A. A. Letyushov, A. M. Safiulina, et al. "Search strategy for new efficient organophosphorus extractants for concentrating radionuclides." Doklady Chemistry 422, no. 2 (2008): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012500808100054.

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20

Essakhraoui, Meriem, Aziz Boukhair, Fouad Bentiss, Hamid Mazouz, Redouane Beniazza, and Nils Haneklaus. "Advances in Heavy Metal Extraction Using Organophosphorus Compounds: A Comprehensive Review." Metals 15, no. 5 (2025): 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15050524.

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Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) are a large class of organic compounds that provide a wide range of applications, and their importance has grown steadily in recent years. In each category and family, these compounds have similarities and differences. Due to their immense variety, these chemicals have various properties and, therefore, various applications. In fact, various works have been published recently that present the main applications of OPC, especially in metal extraction. Despite their extemsive range of use, optimizing their performance as extractant agents remains a challenge due to their structural variability and sensitivity to process parameters. This review provides a critical analysis of pentavalent OPCs, focusing on how their chemical nature influences heavy metal extraction efficiency. For the first time, we present a novel classification system for OPCs based on phosphorus valency and heteroatom coordination, offering a framework to guide future research. Our findings reveal that the direct coordination of the phosphorus to heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen has a great influence on the physicochemical characteristics of the extractant and the metal extraction efficiency. This observation is in line with Pearson’s Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory in the sense that it demonstrates that altering the heteroatom alters the metal affinity of the ligand. As a result, these structural modifications can improve the extraction performance by up to 40% for some heavy metals, highlighting the potential for optimized molecular designs to maximize industrial applications. In the future, this work offers a solid foundation for future studies on the rational design of organophosphorus-based extractants. Using HSAB theory and our novel classification system, researchers can rationally design OPCs for their target metal with unparalleled precision. These results have transformative impacts on metal recovery efficiency-intensive sectors like mining, waste recycling, and clean energy technologies.

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21

Tavakkoli, Hamed, Mohammad Reza Aboutalebi, S. H. Seyedein, and S. N. Asharafizadeh. "Solvent Extraction of Lutetium from Different Acidic Solutions Using Organophosphorus Extractants." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 38, no. 3 (2021): 1561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00402-1.

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22

Rizk, S. E., M. I. Aly, and J. A. Daoud. "Solvent extraction of titanium from nitrate medium using some organophosphorus extractants." Separation Science and Technology 52, no. 7 (2017): 1206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2017.1287195.

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23

Pakarinen, Jouni, and Erkki Paatero. "Effect of temperature on Mn–Ca selectivity with organophosphorus acid extractants." Hydrometallurgy 106, no. 3-4 (2011): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.01.003.

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24

Men’shikov, V. I., I. Yu Voronova, O. A. Proidakova, et al. "Preconcentration of gold, silver, palladium, platinum, and ruthenium with organophosphorus extractants." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 82, no. 2 (2009): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427209020025.

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25

Liu, Ruizhuo, Jian Cao, Zhongwei Zhao, and Yongli Li. "Enhanced molybdenum extraction and purification from acidic lixivium using organophosphorus extractants." Separation and Purification Technology 337 (June 2024): 126387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126387.

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26

GOTO, MASAHIRO, SATOSHI MATSUMOTO, KAZUYA UEZU, FUMIYUKI NAKASHIO, KAZUHARU YOSHIZUKA, and KATSUTOSHI INOUE. "Development and Computational Modeling of Novel Bifunctional Organophosphorus Extractants for Lanthanoid Separation." Separation Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (1999): 2125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ss-100100760.

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27

Hinojosa Reyes, L., I. Saucedo Medina, R. Navarro Mendoza, J. Revilla Vázquez, M. Avila Rodríguez, and E. Guibal. "Extraction of Cadmium from Phosphoric Acid Using Resins Impregnated with Organophosphorus Extractants." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40, no. 5 (2001): 1422–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0005349.

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28

Leybros, Antoine, Laurence Hung, Audrey Hertz, Didier Hartmann, Agnès Grandjean, and Olivier Boutin. "Supercritical CO 2 extraction of uranium from natural ore using organophosphorus extractants." Chemical Engineering Journal 316 (May 2017): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.101.

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29

Babain, V. A., I. V. Smirnov, A. Yu Shadrin, et al. "Recovery of Actinides and Noble Metals from HLW by Neutral Organophosphorus Extractants." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 39, sup3 (2002): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2002.10875469.

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30

KOLARIK, Z. "ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of Actinoid and Lanthanoid Elements with Neutral Organophosphorus Extractants." ChemInform 22, no. 25 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199125267.

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31

Kukkonen, Esa, Emilia Josefiina Virtanen та Jani Olavi Moilanen. "α-Aminophosphonates, -Phosphinates, and -Phosphine Oxides as Extraction and Precipitation Agents for Rare Earth Metals, Thorium, and Uranium: A Review". Molecules 27, № 11 (2022): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113465.

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α-Aminophosphonates, -phosphinates, and -phosphine oxides are a group of organophosphorus compounds that were investigated as extraction agents for rare earth (RE) metals and actinoids for the first time in the 1960s. However, more systematic investigations of their extraction properties towards REs and actinoids were not started until the 2010s. Indeed, recent studies have shown that these α-amino-functionalized compounds can outperform the commercial organophosphorus extraction agents in RE separations. They have also proven to be very efficient extraction and precipitation agents for recovering Th and U from RE concentrates. These actinoids coexist with REs in some of the commercially important RE-containing minerals. The efficient separation and purification of REs is becoming more and more important every year as these elements have a pivotal role in many existing technologies. If one also considers the facile synthesis of α-amino-functionalized organophosphorus extractants and precipitation agents, it is expected that they will be increasingly utilized in the extraction chemistry of REs and actinoids in the future. This review collates α-aminophosphonates, -phosphinates, and -phosphine oxides that have been utilized in the separation chemistry of REs and actinoids, including their most relevant synthetic routes and molecular properties. Their extraction and precipitation properties towards REs and actinoids are also discussed.

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32

Alshammari, Mutairah Shaker. "Solvent extraction of cerium from various solutions by organophosphorus-based extractants: a review." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 218 (2021): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26974.

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33

Zarei, Pouria, Ali Haghighi Asl, Rezvan Torkaman, and Mehdi Asadollahzadeh. "Synergistic interaction between organophosphorus extractants for facilitated lanthanum transport through supported liquid membrane." Environmental Technology & Innovation 24 (November 2021): 101969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101969.

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34

El‐Nadi, Y. A., N. E. El‐Hefny, and J. A. Daoud. "Extraction of Lanthanum and Samarium from Nitrate Medium by some Commercial Organophosphorus Extractants." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 25, no. 2 (2007): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366290601169485.

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35

Gamino Arroyo, Z., M. Stambouli, D. Pareau, A. Buch, G. Durand, and M. Avila Rodriguez. "Thiosubstituted Organophosphorus Acids as Selective Extractants for Ag(I) from Acidic Thiourea Solutions." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 26, no. 2 (2008): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366290801904855.

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36

Gullekson, Brian J., Andrew T. Breshears, M. Alex Brown, et al. "Extraction of Water and Speciation of Trivalent Lanthanides and Americium in Organophosphorus Extractants." Inorganic Chemistry 55, no. 24 (2016): 12675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01756.

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37

Kabachnik, M. I., B. F. Myasoedov, T. A. Mastryukova, Yu M. Polikarpov, M. K. Chmutova, and N. P. Nesterova. "Correlation analysis of ?arylic strengthening? of the extraction capacity of bidentate organophosphorus extractants." Russian Chemical Bulletin 45, no. 11 (1996): 2484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01431100.

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38

Montchamp, Jean-Luc. "Challenges and solutions in phosphinate chemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 1 (2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0922.

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Abstract Several major challenges still remain in organophosphorus chemistry. Organophosphorus compounds are currently synthesized from phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), even though the final consumer products (such as pesticides, flame-retardants, extractants) do not contain reactive phosphorus-chlorine bonds. In order to bypass phosphorus trichloride, significant interest has been devoted to functionalizing elemental phosphorus (P4, the precursor to PCl3), red phosphorus (Pred), or phosphine (PH3). Yet, phosphinates (ROP(O)H2) are already available on an industrial scale and are the most environmentally benign, but their use as phosphorus trichloride replacements has been completely overlooked until a few years ago. An overview of some of the methodologies developed in my laboratory for P–C and P–O bond-forming reactions through phosphinate chemistry, as well as some selected applications, are presented. Another significant challenge remains the synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds. My group’s recent progress in this area is also discussed. Based on menthol as an inexpensive chiral auxiliary, various menthyl phosphinates can be synthesized. These phosphinates are precursor to P-stereogenic phosphines through well-established literature transformations.

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39

Kovalenko, Olga V., Vladimir E. Baulin, Yuri M. Shulga, Dmitriy V. Baulin, Gennady L. Gutsev, and Aslan Yu Tsivadze. "Composite Resins Impregnated by Phosphorus Organic Extractants for Separation of Rare Earth Elements from Nitrate-Based Leachate of Permanent Magnets." Materials 16, no. 19 (2023): 6614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196614.

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Composite resins impregnated by different organophosphorus extractants were developed and used for the extraction chromatography recovery of rare earth elements from nitrate-based leachate of NdFeB permanent magnets. The influence of different factors on recovery of Nd(III) and Fe(III), as the most difficult to separate elements, by developed resins was studied. The influence of extractant structure, the composition of feed solutions, and concentrations of HNO3 and NH4NO3 on the recovery of Fe(III) and Nd(III) by prepared resins were considered. The best recovery of Nd(III) was shown by resin impregnated with N,N-dioctyl (diphenylphosphoryl) acetamide. For this material, sorption characteristics (values of the distribution coefficient, capacity, and the Nd(III)/Fe(III) separation factor) were obtained, and the reproducibility of the loading–stripping process was evaluated. This resin and its precursors were characterized by IR spectroscopy. It was found that the developed resin is more efficient for Nd(III) recovery than resin impregnated with TODGA. An effective approach to the Nd(III)/Fe(III) separation with developed resin in nitrate solution was proposed. This approach was used for recovery of Pr(III), Nd(III), and Dy(III) from the nitrate-based leachate of NdFeB magnets by the developed resin. The final product contained 99.6% of rare earths.

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40

Bishimbayeva, Gaukhar K., Nina K. Gusarova, Arailym M. Nalibayeva, et al. "Synthesis and Properties of Sulfur-Containing Organophosphorus Extractants Based on Red Phosphorus, Alkyl Bromides, and Elemental Sulfur." Materials 16, no. 9 (2023): 3394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093394.

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In order to obtain sulfur-containing organophosphorus compounds that are promising as extractants of heavy metals, the interaction of elemental phosphorus and sulfur with alkyl bromides catalyzed using strong bases was studied. According to the task, the reaction of non-toxic and non-flammable red phosphorus with alkyl bromides under conditions of phase transfer catalysts (PTC), followed by the introduction of elemental sulfur into the reaction medium, were studied. It is shown that alkyl bromides interact with red phosphorus when heated (95–105 °C, 5–8 h) under conditions of phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in a two-phase system: a 60% aqueous solution of KOH-toluene-benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) forming a mixture of organophosphorus compounds along with alkylphosphines (57–60%), are the main reaction products; alkylphosphine oxides are also formed (40–43%). The introduction of elemental sulfur (solution in toluene) at the final stage of the process into the reaction mass cooled to 40–60 °C leads to the expected alkylphosphine sulfides, which are the result of the interaction of alkylphosphines with sulfur. The formation of complex mixtures of products prevents the release of target alkylphosphine sulfides in individual form. However, the synthesized mixture of alkylphosphine sulfides and alkylphosphine oxides without separation into individual components is promising for studying its extraction properties in relation to heavy metals. Testing of the extraction properties of synthesized mixtures of alkylphosphine sulfides and alkylphosphine oxides in relation to heavy metals (Ni, Co, Zn, Pb) and noble metals (Ag) showed that the resulting mixtures of tertiary phosphine oxides and phosphine sulfides are highly effective extractants. The degree of extraction in relation to Ni, Co, Zn, and Pb varies from 99.90 to 99.99%, and for Ag from 99.56 to 99.59%.

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41

Afonin, Mikhail A., Andrey V. Nechaev, Ilya A. Yakimenko, and Vera V. Belova. "Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Chloride Solutions Using Mixtures of P507 and Cyanex 272." Compounds 4, no. 1 (2024): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/compounds4010008.

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In this study, the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) from chloride solutions after leaching REE carbonate concentrate with solutions of the mixtures of P507 (2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) and Cyanex 272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid) (1:1) at various concentrations was experimentally studied. It was shown that the distribution ratios of all REEs decrease with the increasing concentration of these metals in the initial solution, which is associated with the loading of the organic phase. The most significant improvement in the extraction is observed for the heavy group of rare earth elements. The extractability of REEs increases with the increasing atomic number of the element, as is typical for the extraction of these metals with acidic organophosphorus extractants. The data obtained show that the separation factors of adjacent rare earth elements decrease slightly with the increasing concentration of metals in the initial aqueous solution. Increasing the concentration of the extractant mixture does not have a significant effect on the values of the adjacent REE separation factors. The data obtained on the distribution ratios and separation factors made it possible to propose a flow sheet for the separation of rare earth elements with the production of Y, Ho, Tb and Dy.

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42

Tian, Miaomiao, Fengtian Mu, Qiong Jia, Xinjun Quan, and Wuping Liao. "Solvent Extraction Studies of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) from a Chloride Medium with Mixtures of Neutral Organophosphorus Extractants and Amine Extractants." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 56, no. 5 (2011): 2225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je101245d.

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43

OHTO, Keisuke, Sachiyo YOSHIDA, Kazuharu YOSHIZUKA, et al. "Solvent Extraction Equilibria of Rare Earth Metals by Acidic Organophosphorus Extractants with Bulky Substituents." Analytical Sciences 11, no. 4 (1995): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.11.637.

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ARAKI, Kousuke, Kazuya UEZU, Masahiro GOTO, and Shintaro FURUSAKI. "Bi-Functional Organophosphorus Extractants and Computational Modeling for Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Extraction." Analytical Sciences 15, no. 7 (1999): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.15.651.

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Vasudeva Rao, P. R., and Zdenek Kolarik. "A REVIEW OF THIRD PHASE FORMATION IN EXTRACTION OF ACTINIDES BY NEUTRAL ORGANOPHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANTS." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 14, no. 6 (1996): 955–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299608918378.

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Park, Joo-Ho, Ho-Seok Jeon, and Man-Seung Lee. "Solvent Extraction Separation of Nd and Pr from Chloride Solution using Organophosphorus Acid Extractants." Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 23, no. 2 (2014): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2014.23.2.37.

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MORI, YASUSHIGE, HITOSHI OHYA, HARUHIKO ONO, and WATARU EGUCHI. "Extraction equilibrium of Ce(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III) with acidic organophosphorus extractants." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 21, no. 1 (1988): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.21.86.

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Reddy, B. V., L. K. Reddy, M. L. P. Reddy, T. R. Ramamohan, and A. D. Damodaran. "Liquid-liquid extraction of cerium(III) from thiocyanate media with mixtures of organophosphorus extractants." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 26, no. 2 (1993): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.26.194.

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Oleinikova, Maria, Maria Muñoz, Juana Benavente, and Manuel Valiente. "Evaluation of Structural Properties of Novel Activated Composite Membranes Containing Organophosphorus Extractants as Carriers." Langmuir 16, no. 2 (2000): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la9903898.

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Liu, Tianchi, Ji Chen, Hailian Li, Kai Li, and Deqian Li. "Further improvement for separation of heavy rare earths by mixtures of acidic organophosphorus extractants." Hydrometallurgy 188 (September 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.06.008.

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