Academic literature on the topic 'Organski polutanti'

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Journal articles on the topic "Organski polutanti"

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Stanković, Hristina, Aleksandra Krstić, Miljana Rubežić, Marija Vasić, Marjan Ranđelović, and Aleksandra Zarubica. "TiO2 modified with carbonized materials: Photocatalysis/adsorption of organic pollutants from aqueous solution: A short review." Advanced Technologies 8, no. 2 (2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh1902082s.

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Marganingrum, Dyah, Muhammad Rahman Djuwansah, and Asep Mulyono. "Penilaian Daya Tampung Sungai Jangkok dan Sungai Ancar Terhadap Polutan Organik." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 19, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v19i1.1789.

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Makalah ini bertujuan melakukan penilaian daya tampung sungai Jangkok dan Sungai Ancar terhadap polutan organik. Metode yang digunakan adalah persamaan Oxygen Sag Streeter Phelps dengan data pengukuran hidrolik sungai maupun data polutan kimia organik. Polutan organik yang diukur terdiri atas oksigen terlarut (DO), penggunaan oksigen secara biologis (BOD), dan penggunaan oksigen secara kimiawi (COD). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Jangkok masih memiliki kemampuan daya pulih secara alamiah pada segmen yang diukur dengan nilai DO defisit maksimum sebesar 1889 kg/hari. DO defisit tersebut terkait dengan tingginya nilai BOD pada titik pengamatan karena penambahan air buangan melalui saluran drainase. Sedangkan Sungai Ancar menunjukkan kondisi dimana daya pulihnya relatif lebih rendah meskipun DO defisit maksimumnya lebih kecil dari Sungai Jangkok, yaitu sebesar 1044 kg/hari. Ada inidkasi bahwa rendahnya DO defisit pada Sungai Ancar karena adanya faktor turbulensi yang dapat meningkatkan laju reaerasi. Turbulensi terjadi karena adanya bebatuan yang terletak di aliran sungai serta bendung. Oleh karena itu, guna meningkatkan daya tampung sungai terhadap polutan yang masuk, perlu melakukan dua usaha secara simultan yaitu pengendalian limbah yang masuk ke badan sungai serta intervensi teknologi.
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Krstić, Aleksandra, Hristina Stanković, Miljana Rubežić, Marija Vasić, and Aleksandra Zarubica. "Chemical modifications of nanostructured titania-based materials in photocatalytic decomposition/conversion of various organic pollutants: A short review." Advanced Technologies 7, no. 2 (2018): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh1802078k.

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Purwanta, Wahyu, and Joko Prayitno Susanto. "Laju Produksi dan Karakterisasi Polutan Organik Lindi dari TPA Kaliwlingi, Kabupaten Brebes." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 18, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v18i2.2036.

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Salah satu hasil proses biodegradasi sampah di TPA adalah lindi yang merupakan polutan organik yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena berpotensi mencemari tanah dan air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kuantitas dan kualitas lindi dari sampah di TPA Kaliwlingi Brebes melalui uji lisimeter. Kuantitas lindi penting untuk memperkirakan spesifikasi disain unit pengolahan termasuk metode pengolahannya. Sedangkan karakteristik lindi penting untuk menentukan efisiensi pengolahan atau target kadar polutan yang diinginkan agar sesuai standard baku mutu. Dari pengamatan diperoleh kuantitas lindi per massa sampah rata-rata mencapai 1.060 liter/kg, sedangkan nilai pH lindi rata-rata 7,6 atau cenderung alkaline. Dari data pengamatan, semakin tinggi kadar air akan semakin besar kuantitas lindi yang dihasilkan. Karakterisasi lindi terhadap parameter BOD5, COD, NH3-N dan TKN menghasilkan nilai yang bervariasi. Nilai rata-rata serta rentang minimal-maksimal yang didapat; BOD5 90,7 mg/l (65 mg/l-130 mg/l), COD 9.679,7 mg/l (6.300 mg/l-12.200 mg/l), NH3-N 134,4 mg/l (80 mg/l-190 mg/l) dan TKN 672,5 mg/l (540 mg/l-890 mg/l). Rasio BOD5/COD sebesar 0,01 menunjukkan tingkat low biodegradability dalam materi organiknya, hal ini disebabkan waktu pengamatan yang relatif singkat dan proses degradasi biologis masih berlangsung.Nilai rasio BOD5/COD yang diperoleh belum menunjukkan nilai yang representatif untuk sampah di TPA Kaliwlingi. Hasil dari karakterisasi lindi untuk beberapa parameter menunjukkan bahwa biomassa atau sampah yang diteliti tergolong usia muda dan masih dalam proses dekomposisi.Kata kunci : karakterisasi, produksi, organik, lindi, TPA sampah
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Insani, Ain Yuanita, Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti, and Septa Surya Wahyudi. "Perbedaan Efek Paparan Pestisida Kimia dan Organik terhadap Kadar Glutation (GSH) Plasma pada Petani Padi." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.17.2.63-67.

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Latar belakang:Serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman semakin meluas, sehingga para petani tidak dapat menghindari penggunaan pestisida kimia. Pestisida kimia bersifat polutan dan mengakibatkan terbentuknya radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ. WHO memperkirakan ada 1,5 juta kasus keracunan pestisida terjadi pada pekerja di sektor pertanian. Tubuh membutuhkan antioksidan untuk menanggulangi radikal bebas akibat pestisida kimia. Salah satu antioksidan yang sering diukur untuk melihat dampak peningkatan radikal bebas adalah glutation(GSH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efek paparan pestisida kimia dan organik terhadap kadar GSH plasma pada petani padi. Metode:Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitiancross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 30 orang, 15 orang petani organik di Desa Lombok Kulon Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Bondowoso dan 15 orang petani anorganik di Desa Dawuhan Kecamatan Tenggarang Kabupaten Bondowoso. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan di vena mediana cubiti, selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kadar GSH plasma menggunakan metode Elman. Uji statistika dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Unpaired T-test.Hasil:Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar GSH plasma petani anorganik dan organik p<0.05. Petani anorganik memiliki rata-rata kadar GSH plasma lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rata-rata kadar GSH plasma petani organik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena para petani anorganik mendapatkan paparan polutan berlebih dari zat-zat kimia dalam pestisida kimia sedangkan petani organik menggunakan bahan alami sehingga tidak menimbulkan residu dalam tubuh.Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar GSH plasma pada kelompok petani anorganik dan kelompok petani organik. Kadar GSH plasma petani anorganik lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kadar GSH plasma petani organik. ABSTRACTTitle: The Difference Effect of Chemical and Organic Pesticides Exposure to Plasma Glutathione (GSH) on Rice FarmersBackground: Pests and plant diseases are widespread in agriculture so the use of chemical pesticides can not avoid. Pesticides are pollutants which forming free radicals and cause organ damage. WHO estimates that 1.5 million cases of pesticide poisoning occur in agricultural workers. The body needs antioxidant to cope free radicals due to chemical pesticides. GSH is one of antioxidants often measured to see the effects of increased free radicals in the body.This study aims to determine the differences effect of chemical and organic pesticide exposure on plasma glutathione (GSH) levels in rice farmers.Methods: The type of this research is observational analytics with cross sectional design. This study used 30 people as sample, 15 people organic farmers in the Desa Lombok Kulon, Kecamatan Wonosari, Bondowoso and 15 people inorganic farmers in Desa Dawuhan, Kecamatan Tenggarang, Bondowoso. Blood sampling was done in mediana cubiti vein, then measured of plasma GSH using Elman method. The statistical test was done by using Unpaired T-test.Results: The resulf of this research showed that there is a significant difference between plasma GSH level of inorganic farmer and organic farmer p <0.05. The average plasma GSH level of inorganic farmersare lower than average plasma GSH levels of organic farmers. This result is caused by excessive pollutants of chemicals contained in the pesticide exposed inorganic farmers while the group of organic farmers used natural ingredients in the pesticide so it did not makes residues in the body of farmers.Conclusion: Based on this, it is advisable for farmers to be more wise to use chemical pesticides in accordance with established rules and better recommended to replace the use of chemical pesticides with organic pesticides.
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Rakasiwi, Rinjani, Wivina Ivontianti, and Eva Sitanggang. "MINI DIGESTER UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK MENJADI BIOGAS DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP PENGURANGAN EMISI (MINI DIGESTION TO PRODUCE BIOGAS FROM ORGANIC WASTE AND IMPACT ON REDUCING EMISSIONS)." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v8i1.39970.

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Abstract Organic waste is material that has no value but can be used as raw material to produce biogas. It is easier to handle by anaerobic processing. The advantages of biogas by using anaerobic digestion process are minimizes the effects of environmental pollutions, reduce emissions and increase the value of the benefits of waste. The purposes of this research are to design a digester for processing organic waste into biogas and find out the impact of biogas production on emissions reduction. Biogas production was analyzed using gas Chromatography (GC) and emission reductions were calculated using the AP-42 (Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors) equation. The digester used is a CSTR which is suitable for liquid phase and for organic chemical reactions with large conversions. Parameters that affect the performance of the reactor are the residence time on the flow of substances in the reactor, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). HRT can affect the growth of fermentative bacteria corelation with the production of biogas. The optimum volume of biogas of 16.52 Liters / Day with the acquisition of CH4 of 75,893.36 ppm was on the 13th day in a variation of HRT 20. Every 20 kg of organic waste that has been processed in the digester, it will be reducing 76.5 g / day of CO emissions. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time), trashAbstrakSampah organik merupakan bahan yang tidak mempunyai nilai atau tidak berharga tetapi dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biogas, karena lebih mudah untuk ditangani dan dapat dilakukan dengan proses anaerobik. Kelebihan dari biogas dengan menggunakan proses anaerobic digestion akan meminimalkan efek dari pencemaran lingkungan, mengurangi emisi dan meningkatkan nilai manfaat dari limbah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang digester untuk pengolahan sampah organik menjadi biogas dan mengetahui dampak produksi biogas yang dihasilkan terhadap pengurangan emisi. Produksi biogas dianalisa menggunakan Chromatografi gas (GC) dan pengurangan emisi dihitung menggunakna persamaan AP-42 (Compilation of Air Polutant Emissions Factors). Digester yang digunakan merupakan reaktor tipe alir tangki berpengaduk/CSTR untuk reaksi fase cair dan juga digunakan untuk reaksi kimia organik dengan konversi yang besar. Parameter yang mempengaruhi kinerja reaktor yaitu waktu tinggal pada zat alir di dalam reaktor atau disebut dengan Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). HRT dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bakteri fermentatif yang terkait dengan hasil produksi biogas. Hasil volume biogas optimum sebesar 16,52 Liter/Hari dengan perolehan CH4 sebesar 75.893,36 ppm berada di hari ke- 13 pada variasi HRT 20. Sampah organik sebanyak 20 kg diolah di digester mengurangi 76,5 g/hari emisi CO. Kata kunci: anaerobic digestion, CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), HRT (Hydraulic Retetion Time), sampah.
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Lindu, Muhammad, Putri Ardyarini, and Ratna Ningsih. "FOTOKATALISIS ORGANIK KMNO4, SURFAKTAN DAN AMONIAK DALAM INLET WADUK MUARA BARU, JAKARTA UTARA MENGGUNAKAN SINAR UV DENGAN KATALISATOR TIO2 = Organic Photocatalytic KMnO4, Surfactants and Ammonia in Muara Baru Basin Inlet, North Jakarta using UV Rays with TiO2 Catalyst." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v14i2.1428.

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This research studied about photocatalysis that used TiO2 0.1% as catalisator to polluted water from Waduk Pluit, Muara Baru, North Jakarta. In order to decrease polluted agents like surfactant, KMnO4 organic, and ammoniac that will use as source of clean water. Research was conducted in batch reactor about 30x20 cm and used UV-C 15 watt x 2 lamps, and TiO2 as suspension. In this research, batch reactor that contained standard water was supplied by air with aerator 220v/100v 18 watt. Result showed that photocatalysis with TiO2 0.1% as catalisator decreased surfactant and KMnO4 organic about 80.98% and 9.48%, respectively. In contrary, ammoniac was increased about 325% Pollutants content in processed clean waterwere about 0.12 mg/l, 35.5.mg/l, and 4.93 mg/l, respectively. Result were met requirement for clean water standard as Health Ministry Decree No. 416/MENKES/PER/1X/1990 about clean water quality recuirement and controlling. Keywords: photocatalytic, organic compound, ammoniac, surfactantAbstrakDalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan studi fotokatalisis menggunakan katalisator TiO2 0.1% terhadap air baku Waduk Pluit, Muara Baru, Jakarta Utara yang tercemar untuk menurunkan kandungan bahan-bahan pencemar yaitu deterjen (surfaktan), senyawaorganik permanganat dan amoniak, yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber air baku air bersih. Penelitian dilakukan dalam reaktor batch dengan ukuran 30x20 cm, menggunakan lampu UV-C 15 watt x 2, dan TiO2 berupa suspensi. Dalam penelitian ini reaktor batch yang berisi air baku di suplai udara dengan aerator 220v/100v 18 watt. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fotokatalisis dengan katalisator TiO2 0.1% telah mampu menurunkan kandungansurfaktan (deterjen) dan senyawa organik permanganat masing-masing sebesar 80.98% dan 9.48%, sedangkan terjadi kelonjakan pada pembentukan amoniak sebesar 325%. Dengan hasil ini kandungan ketiga polutan dalam olahan air bersih yang dihasilkan masing-masing 0.12 mg/l, 35.5.mg/l, dan 4.93 mg/l. Hasil mendekati sesuai dengan baku mutu yang diatur didalam Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/1X/1990 tentang syarat-syarat dan pengawasan kualitas air bersih.Kata kunci : fotokatalisis, senyawa organik, amoniak, surfaktan
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Indra, Wahyu. "Studi Parameter Penghalang Lempung (Clay Barrier) Sebagai Penghambat Sebaran Zat Organik dan Timbal (Pb) dalam Air Lindi (Leacheate)." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah 5, no. 1 (April 11, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v5i1.19652.

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Pemrosesan sampah di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir menghasilkan air lindi (leacheate) yang merupakan hasil buangan yang perlu penanganan yang serius. Melihat kondisi tanah di TPA Batu Layang yang sebagian besar berjenis gambut yang menyebabkan mudahnya penyebaran polutan dari air lindi sehingga dibutuhkan lapisan kedap. Perlu dilakukannya upaya untuk mengatasi sebaran air lindi tersebut. Satu diantaranya adalah dengan pemasangan penghalang lempung (clay barrier), sebagai lapisan kedap penahan kontaminasi polutan agar tidak mencemari air tanah dan tanah berdasarkan sifat konduktivitas hidrolik. Nilai konduktivitas hidrolik (k) penghalang lempung (clay barrier) yang optimal sebagai lapisan yang mampu menahan sebaran polutan dalam air lindi (leacheate) di suatu TPA diperoleh dengan melakukan uji permeabilitas. Dari uji permeabilitas nilai k tanah asli TPA Batu Layang 1,87 x 10-3 m/det. Dari hasil pengukuran nilai k dari kelima sampel tanah modifikasi untuk lapisan clay barrier, sampel campuran tanah + 2 lapisan bentonite memiliki nilai k paling kecil yaitu 1,81 x 10-10 m/s. nilai tersebut disebabkan sifat bentonit yang mengembang yang dapat mengabsorbsi air dengan kapasitas yang besar, yang masuk dalam syarat maksimum untuk lapisan kedap dasar TPA yaitu 1 x 10-8 m/detik. Kata Kunci : TPA Batu Layang, leacheate, lapisan kedap, clay barrier, konduktivitas hidrolik.
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Said, Nusa Idaman, and Teguh Iman Santoso. "PENGHILANGAN POLUTAN ORGANIK DAN PADATAN TERRSUSPENSI DI DALAM AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK DENGAN PROSES MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)." Jurnal Air Indonesia 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jai.v8i1.2382.

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One of the alternative technologies that could be used for domestic waste water treatment is the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). MBBR in principle is activated sludge that is increased by adding media in to the reactor, so there are two treatments process happened inside, suspended growth and attached growth. This research is using bioball as a media which has surface area of ±210 m2/m3 by 20% volume of reactor volume. Wastewater treatment by MBBR uses variations of Hydraulic Retention time (HRT) 12, 8, 6, and 4 hours, then the parameters measured were BOD, COD, TSS, temperature, and pH. Result of the study shows that within HRT for 12 hours in aeration tank, removal efficiency of COD is 81,37%, BOD is 82,4%, and TSS is 90,05%. HRT for 8 hours, COD removal efficiency is 88,72%, BOD is 89,7%, and TSS is 92,06%. HRT for 6 hours, COD removal efficiency is 85,48%, BOD is 80,15%, and TSS is 94,85%. HRT for 4 hours, COD removal efficiency is 81,07%, BOD is 87,88%, and TSS is 94,86%. With a retention time of 4 hours, the effluent results domestic wastewater treatment using MBBR has met quality standards in accordance with KEPMEN LH no. 112 of 2003 on Domestic Wastewater Quality Standard and Jakarta Governor Regulation no. 122 of 2005 on Domestic Wastewater Management in Special Province of Jakarta. Keywords: Domestic wastewater, MBBR, bioball.
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Effendi. "Perilaku Pemindahan Zat Warna Golongan Thiazine, Azo, dan Triarylmethane dari Tanah Kaolinite yang Terpolusi Bahan Organik dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Remediasi Elektrokinetik (EKR)." Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology (ST) 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/st.v2i2.507.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang potensi teknik remediasi elektro-kinetik (EKR) untuk menghilangkan polutan zat warna dari tanah kaolinite yang terpolusi bahan bahan organik. Methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), dan phenol red (PR) mewakili pewarna golongan thiazine, azo, dan tryarilmethane masing-masing, yang ditambahkan pada kaolinite dipilih sebagai model untuk uji polutan pewarna. Alat EKR (panjang 15 cm) dilengkapi dengan arus listrik DC dengan nilai maksimum 30 V. Elektroda grafit digunakan untuk kedua anoda dan katoda dipasang untuk empat belas hari operasional. Hasilnya, hanya 40-55% pewarna yang berhasil dikeluarkan dari bagian tanah dengan menggunakan air suling. Namun, dengan penambahan beberapa elektrolit; persentase pewarna yang dikeluarkan dari tanah meningkat dari 73- 76% dan 85 - 89% untuk elektrolit natrium sulfat dan monosodium dihidrogen fosfat secara berturut-turut. Dalam konteks pengontrolan pH, ditemukan bahwa hanya 55-64% pewarna yang dikeluarkan tanpa kontrol pH. Peningkatan yang signifikan dicapai dengan mengendalikan pH sistem. Dengan mengendalikan pH di ruang katoda, didapati 23% MB, 25% MO dan 18% PR masih ada dalam sistem. Sementara dengan mengendalikan pH di ruang anoda, hampir 90% pewarna yang diuji dapat dikeluarkan dari ruang kaolinite secara efektif. Pergerakan pewarna thiazine, dari anoda ke ruang katoda dikendalikan oleh fenomena elektro-migrasi dan elektro-osmosis. Sebaliknya, pewarna azo diangkut dari katoda ke ruang anoda dengan cara yang sama. Namun, pewarna triarylmethane dikeluarkan dari bagian tanah dengan hanya melalui fenomena elektro-osmosis dari anoda ke ruang katoda. Untuk tiga jenis pewarna yang diuji, ditemukan bahwa aliran elektro-osmotik bergerak dari arah anoda ke arah katoda. In this study, the investigation about the potency of electro-kinetic remediation technology (EKR) for the removal of organic dyes from the polluted kaolinitic soil has been conducted. Methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and phenol red (PR) are representing a thiazine, an azo, and a triarylmethane dye respectively, which was introduced to kaolinitic soil were selected as the model for pollutant dyes tests.An EKR tool (15 cm length) equipped with a DC electric current with the maximum values of 30 V. Graphite electrodes were used for both anode and cathode were set up for 14 days operation.As a result, only 40-55 % of dye was removed from the soil sections by using distilled water.However, by the addition of some electrolytes; the percentage of dyes removed from the soil increased from 73-76 % and 85-89 % for sodium sulphate, and monosodium dihydrogen phosphate, respectively. In the context of pH controlling,it was found that 55-64 % of dyes were removed without controlling the pH.The significant improvement was achieved by controlling the pH of the system. By controlling the pH in the cathode chamber, only 23 % of MB, 25 % of MO, and 18 % of PR dyes remain in the soil sections, respectively. While by controlling the pH in the anode chamber, almost 90 % of tested dyes could be removed from the kaolinitic soil chamber effectively.The movement of a thiazine dye, from the anode to the cathode chamber was controlled by electro-migration and electro-osmosis phenomena. An azo dye transported from the cathode to the anode chamber by a similar process. However, a triarylmethane dye was removed from the soil sections by only electro-osmosis process. For three kinds of tested dyes, it was found that electro-osmotic flow moving from the anode to the cathode directions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organski polutanti"

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Maja, Brborić. "Distribucija lipofilnih organskih polutanata u heterogenom multikomponentnom rečnom sistemu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114754&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U doktorskoj disertaciji evaluirani su rezultati kvantifikovanih koncentracionih nivoa lipofilnih perzistentnih i emergentnih organskih polutanata u uzorcima sedimenta kolektovanih sa deset reprezentativnih lokaliteta u srednjem Podunavlju. Na osnovu sprovedenih laboratorijskih i terenskih istraživanja definisan je prostorni trend jedinjenja na ispitivanom području. Primenom multivarijantnih tehnika eksperimentalni rezultati su uspešno modelovani statističkim metodama koje su izdiferencirale izvore kontaminacije za ukupan set ispitivanih polutanata. Prikazana je procena uticaja kontaminiranog sedimenta na akvatične organizme i humanu populaciju prema stepenu kancerogenosti jedinjenja. Predstavljeni su različiti scenariji izloženosti ingestijom i dermalnim kontaktom, u zavisnosti od vremena ekspozicije i izložene površine potencijalnih receptora, različitog uzrasta i pola. Po prvi put u istraživanom području, implementirana je ex-situ ravnotežna metodologija pasivnog uzorkovanja primenom sorpcionog medijuma od silikonske gume testirane pri različitim masenim odnosima polimer-uzorak sedimenta. Primenjenom metodom uspešno su dobijene slobodno rastvorene koncentracije lipofilnh kontaminanata u pornoj vodi sedimenta, kao prediktora za određivanje biodostupnosti jedinjenja.
The doctoral dissertation evaluated the results of quantified concentration levels of lipophilic persistent and emergent organic pollutants in sediment samples collected from ten representative localities in the central Danube region. Based on the conducted laboratory and field research, the spatial distribution of compounds in the studied area was defined. Using multivariate techniques, the experimental results were successfully modeled by statistical methods that differentiated the sources of contamination for the total set of tested pollutants. A risk assessment of contaminated sediment on aquatic organisms and the human population according to carcinogenicity of the tested compounds is presented in thesis. Different exposure scenarios of ingestion and dermal contact, depending on the time exposure and exposed surface skin of potential receptors, of different ages and sex, are presented. For the first time in the study area, an ex-situ equilibrium passive sampling methodology was implemented using silicone rubber sorption medium tested at different polymer-sample sediment mass ratios. Using the method, the freely dissolved concentrations of lipophilic contaminants in pore water were successfully obtained as predictors for determining the bioavailability of the compounds.
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Maja, Đogo. "Nivoi koncentracija i upravljanje perzistentnim organskim polutantima u heterogenom sistemu deponija komunalnog otpada." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104925&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Istraživanje u okviru doktorkse disertacije obuhvata reprezentativan izbor tačaka uzorkovanja na deponijskim lokalitetima Bečej, Subotica, Sombor, Zrenjanin, Pančevo, Bačka Palanka, Vrbas, Temerin, Novi Sad i Ruma, primenu savremenih metodologija uzorkovanja, pripremu i analizu uzoraka najnovijim metodama determinacije organskih polutanata, statističku obradu podataka, procenu uticaja na humanu populaciju i ključne kompartimente životne sredine i razvoj metodologije kreiranja budućeg istraživačkog i kontrolnog monitoring programa. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su primenom metode analiza glavnih komponenti i hijerarhijske klaster analize. Procena uticaja kontaminanata i statusa životne sredine sprovedena je primenom jedne od metodologija evropske komisije za procenu i predikciju različitih efekata na humanu populaciju i životnu sredinu dejstvom toksičnih hemijskih supstanci. Na osnovu eksperimentalnih rezultata i stečenih tehničko-inženjerskih iskustava razvijena je Metodologija kreiranja budućeg istraživačkog i kontrolnog monitoring programa heterogenog medijuma deponijskih tela sa ciljem unapređenja upravljanja frakcijama komunalnog otpada koji generiše POP.
The selection of representative municipal solid waste landfill locations (Bečej, Subotica,Sombor, Zrenjanin, Pančevo, Bačka Palanka, Vrbas, Temerin, Novi Sad and Ruma),the application of contemporary sampling methodologies, preparation, extraction andanalyses of samples using modern analitical methods and techiques, statistical dataevaluation, human and environment risk assessment, HERA, and the development ofmethodology for designig of future research and control monitoring programmes havebeen conducted within doctoral dissertation. Obtained results for POPs and PAHs wereevaluated applying principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clusteranalysis (CA). HERA was conducted using recommended EPA methodolgy forassessment and prediction of hazard effectes of toxic chemical substances on humanpopulation and environment. On the basis of experimental results and the levels ofobtained technico-engineering experience Methodology for designig of future researchand control monitoring programmes for landfilld heterogeneous system was developedin order to improve the POP waste management practice.
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Maja, Lončarski. "Uticaj fizičko-hemijskih svojstava mikroplastike i odabranih perzistentnih organskih polutanata na interakcije u vodenom matriksu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114925&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Mikroplastika  je  sveprisutna  u  vodenom  ekosistemu  pri  čemu  se  čestoističe značaj ispitivanja njihovog uticaja na ponašanje drugih jedinjenja u vodi.Pod pojmom mikroplastika podrazumevaju se plastične čestice manje od 5 mm.Imajući u vidu potrebu za unapređenjem znanja o štetnom uticaju mikroplastikeu životnoj sredini u ovom radu sproveden je set eksperimenata u kom je ispitivanmehanizam  interakcija  koje  se  uspostavljaju  prilikom  adsorpcije  hlorovanihfenola,  derivata  benzena  i  policikličnih  aromatičnih  ugljovodonika  na mikroplastici  u  vodenom  matriksu.  Kako  bi  se  što  detaljnije  razumeo  uticaj mikroplastike  i  osobina  vodenog  matriksa  na  ponašanje  organskih  polutanata, laboratorijska ispitivanja su sprovedena u sintetičkom i realnom vodenommatriksu.  Takođe  je  sprovedena  optimizacija  izolovanja  i  karakterizacije mikroplastike iz kozmetičkih sredstava u cilju procene uticaja osobina primarne mikroplastike na uspostavljanje interakcija sa organskim polutantima. Na  osnovu  dobijenih  rezultata  istraživanja  može  se  zaključiti  da  se optimalna metoda izolovanja mikroplastike iz kozmetičkih sredstava zasniva na dodatnom  tretiranju  osušenog  materijala  30%  vodonik-peroksidom,  nakon ekstrakcije  sredstva  u  destilovanoj  vodi,  u  cilju  dobijanja  čistijih  uzoraka mikroplastike. Promena brzine mešanja ima znčajan uticaj na promenu stepena adsorpcije ispitivanih grupa organskih jedinjenja.  Uticaj se ogleda u povećanju stepena adsorpcije sa porastom brzine mešanja, a maksimalni procenat adsorpcije postignut  je  pri  brzini  mešanja  od  150  o/min.  Dodatno,  disperzija  praškastih materijala u vodi nema značajan uticaj na promenu stepena adsorpcije hlorovanih fenola,  derivata  benzena  i  policikličnih  aromatičnih  ugljovodonika  na mikroplastici.Ravnotežno  stanje  između  koncentracije  hlorovanih  fenola,  derivatabenzena  i  policikličnih  aromatičnih  ugljovodonika  u  vodi  i  odabranih predstavnika  mikroplastike  (PEp,  PE_PCPs_1,  PE_PCPs_2,  PEg,  PET,  PP  i PLA) uspostavlja se nakon 24 i 48 h kontakta u zavisnosti od vrste jedinjenja. Na promenu  adsorpcionog  afiniteta  hlorovanih  fenola,  derivata  benzena  i policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika prema mikroplastici utiču kako fizičkohemijske  osobine  jedinjenja  tako  i  karakteristike  mikroplastike.  Na  osnovu kinetičkih  eksperimenata, najveći adsorpcioni afinitet ka mikroplastici  ispoljili su  derivati  benzena  (qt=103-350  µg/g),  dok  je  najmanji  uočen  kod  hlorovanih fenola  (qt=25-225  µg/g).  Dobijeni  rezultati  adsorpcije  derivata  benzena  na ispitivanim  česticama  mikroplastike  takođe  su  ukazali  na  veći  afinitet  ovih jedinjenja  ka  mikroplastici,  u  poređenju  sa  jedinjenjima  iz  grupe  policikličnih aromatičnih  ugljovodonika  i  hlorovanih  fenola  sličnih  logKow  vrednosti. Dodatno,  uticaj  vodenog  matriksa  na  adsorpciju  hlorovanih  fenola,  derivata benzena  i  policikličnih  aromatičnih  ugljovodonika  na  mikroplastici  zavisi  od same grupe jedinjenja kao i od vrste mikroplastike pri čemu je najmanje izražen u  slučaju  ispitivanih  policikličnih  aromatičnih  ugljovodonika,  a  najviše  kod hlorovanih fenola.Visoke  vrednosti  koeficijenta  determinacije  kinetičkog  modela  pseudodrugog  reda  za  adsorpciju  hlorovanih  fenola,  derivata  benzena  i  policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika na čestice mikroplastike ukazjuju da je hemisorpcija mogući  mehanizam.  Pored  visokih  vrednosti  koeficijenata  determinacije  u slučaju svih odabranih organskih jedninjenja dobijena konstanta brzine drugog reda  bila  je  manja  od  po četne  brzine  adsorpcije  što  ukazuje  na  znatno  brže odvijanje  adsorpcije  pri  kraćim  vremenima  kontakta  (12-24  h)  nakon  čega  jedolazilo do usporavanja procesa adsorpcije.Mehanizam adsorpcije hlorovanih fenola, derivata benzena i policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika  ispitivan  je primenom Freundlich-ovog, Langmuirovog,  Redlich-Peterson-ovog  i  Dubinine-Radusckevich-evog  adsorpcionog modela. Vrednosti Freundlich-ovog eksponenta za adsorpciju hlorovanih fenola, derivata benzena i  policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika bile su manje od 1,što ukazuje na to da je slobodna energije adsorpcije na mikroplastci opadala sa povećanjem  inicijalne  koncetracije  ispitivanih  polutanata.  Vrednosti maksimalnog adsorpcionog kapaciteta dobijene za  adsorpcione procese PAH  na česticama mikroplastike bile su u opsegu od 29,7-2596,5 µg/g. Visoke vrednosti maksimalnih adsorpcionih kapaciteta dobijene su takođe za adsorpciju derivata benzena na ispitivanim vrstama mikroplastike  39,3-2010,1 µg/g. S druge strane, uočeno  je  različito  adsorpciono  ponšanje  hlorovanih  fenola  u  zavisnosti  od vodenog metriksa u kom su eksperimenti sprovedeni pri čemu su  qmax  vrednosti iznosile 20,00-205,6 µg/g. Značajan uticaj  pH vrednosti vodenog matriksa  utvrđen je  za adsorpciju hlorovanih  fenola  na  mikroplastici,  dok  u  slučaju  derivata  benzena  i  PAH promena pH vrednosti vodenog matriksa nije pokazala značajan uticaj. Rezultati dobijeni  za  adsorpciju  hlorovanih  fenola  na  mikroplastici  ukazuju  na  nižu tendenciju  ka  formiranju  interakcija  hlorovanih  fenola  sa  česticama mikroplastike pri pH 4 i pH 10, pri čemu se stepen adsorpcije kretao u opsegu od 8-35% i 15-35%, respektivno, u odnosu na pH 7 (55-65%). Najniži  adsorpcioni  afinitet  uočava  se  pri  adsorpciji  ispitivanih  grupa jedinjenja na PLA. Može se pretpostaviti da će se organski polutanti,   ukoliko ova vrsta mikroplastike dospe u vodene sisteme, slabo vezivati na ovaj materijal pri čemu će značajno manje uticati na njihov trasport kroz životnu sredinu, u odnosuna druge ispitivane vrste mikroplastike. Na  osnovu  dobijenih  rezultata  istraživanja  može  se  zaključiti  da  na adsorpciju ispitivanih grupa organskih jedinjenja i mikroplastike značajan uticaj imaju  fizičko-hemijske  osobine  ispitivanih  jedinjenja  kao  što  su  kiselinska konstanta, veličina molekula, hidrofobnost, stukturni raspored i dr. Pored toga, karakteristike vodenog matriksa, među kojima je najvažnija pH vrednost, imaju značajan  uticaj  na  adsorpcioni  afinitet  jedinjenja  ka  mikroplastici.  Dodatno,struktura  i  poreklo  polimera  ima  veliki  uticaj  na  formiranje  interakcija  saispitivanim grupama organskih polutanata. Dobijeni rezultati takođe ukazuju nanemogućnost  određivanje  unifomnog  mehanizma  adsorpcije  organskihjedinjenja na česticama mikroplastike u vodi.
Microplastics  are  ubiquitous  in  aquatic  ecosystems,  so  it  is  essential  to study their  impact on the behaviour of other compounds which are commonly present in water. The term microplastics refers to all plastic particles smaller than 5 mm. In order  to address knowledge gaps relating to the potential harmful effects of microplastics in the environment, the experiments conducted during this thesis were designed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of chlorinated phenols, benzene derivatives, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on microplastics in water.  To  provide  a  more  detailed  understanding  of  the  influence  of  different water  matrices  on  adsorption  properties  of  microplastics,  experiments  were conducted in both synthetic and real water matrices. In the course of this work, methods were optimised for the isolation and characterization of microplastifrom personal care products, in order to allow investigation  of the influence of the  properties  of  primary  microplastics  on  their  interactions  with  organic pollutants.Base on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the optimal method of isolating microplastics from personal care products is based  on treating already dried  material  with  30%  hydrogen  peroxide,  after  extraction  of  the  agent  in distilled water, in order to obtain cleaner microplastic samples. The mixing rate was  found  to  have  a  significant  effect  on  the  degree  of  adsorption  of  the investigated  organic  compounds.  Increasing  the  mixing  speed  led  to  a  higherdegree  of  adsorption,  with  the  maximum  adsorption  percentage  reached  at  amixing speed of 150 rpm. In addition, the dispersion of powdered materials in the  water  had  no  significant  effect  on the  degree  of  adsorption  of  chlorinated phenols,  benzene  derivatives,  and  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  on microplastics.The  adsorption  equilibrium  between  the  concentration  of  chlorinated phenols,  benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and selected types of microplastics (PEp, PE_PCPs_1, PE_PCPs_2, PEg, PET, PP, and  PLA) was established after 24 and 48 h of contact time, depending on the selected  group  of  organic  pollutants.  The  adsorption  affinity  of  chlorinated phenols,  benzene  derivatives,  and  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  towards microplastics  was  influenced  by  both  the  physicochemical  properties  of  the compounds  and  the  characteristics  of  the  microplastics.  Based  on  the  kinetic experiments,  the  highest  adsorption  affinity  for  microplastics  was  shown  by benzene derivatives (qt=103-350 µg/g), while the lowest was  observed during the adsorption of chlorinated phenols (qt=25-225 µg/g). Benzene derivatives showed higher  adsorption  affinities  for  the  selected  microplastic  particles  than  the polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  and    chlorinated  phenols  which  had  similar logKow  values. The influence of the water matrix on adsorption of chlorinated phenols,  benzene  derivatives,  and  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  on microplastics  depended  on  the  specific  functional  groups  of  the  investigated compounds as well as on the type of microplastics. Water matrix had little impact on  the  adsorption  of  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  on  microplastics  but greatly impacted the adsorption of chlorinated phenols. Fitting the pseudo-second order kinetic  model to the  adsorption data of chlorinated phenols, benzene derivatives, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on microplastic particles resulted in high correlation coefficients, indicating that chemisorption  is  the  likely  adsorption  mechanism.  In  addition  to  the  high correlation coefficients obtained for all the organic pollutants investigated, the pseudo-second order rate constants obtained were lower than the initiaadsorption rate, indicating significantly faster adsorption at shorter contact times (12-24 h), with adsorption slowing down as equilibrium was reached.The adsorption mechanism of chlorinated phenols, benzene derivatives,and  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  was  investigated  using Freundlich,Langmuir,  Redlich-Peterson,  Dubinine-Radusckevich,  and  Temkin  adsorption models.  The  Freundlich  exponent  values  for  the  adsorption  of  chlorinated phenols, benzene  derivatives, and polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons were  less than 1 which indicates that the free energy of adsorption of these compounds on microplastics  decreases  as  the  initial  concentration  increases.  The  maximum adsorption capacities of PAHs on microplastic particles were in the range of 29.7-2596.5  µg/g.  High  maximum  adsorption  capacities  were  also obtained  for the adsorption  of  benzene  derivatives  on  the  tested  types  of  microplastics:  39.3-2010.1  µg/g.  The  chlorinated  phenols  behaved  differently,  and  were  more effected by the water matrix, with qmax values in  the range 20.00-205.6 µg/g. The pH of the water matrix was found to have a significant effect on the adsorption  of  chlorinated  phenols  on  microplastics,  whereas  in  the  case  of benzene  derivatives  and  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons,  the  degree  ofadsorption  was  largely  independent  of  the  water  pH.  For  the  adsorption  of chlorinated  phenols  on  microplastics,  neutral  pH  conditions  resulted  in  the greatest degrees of adsorption (55-65% at pH 7), while adsorption was inhibited under acidic (8-35% at pH 4) and basic (15-35% at pH 10) conditions. The microplastic type with the lowest observed adsorption affinities was PLA. It can be thus be assumed that in the event that this type of microplastic enters water systems, organic pollutants will only adsorb weakly to this material, such  that  it  will  have  significantly  less  impact  on  the  transport  of  the se compounds through the environment, than the other tested  types of microplastics. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that the adsorption of the selected  groups  of  organic  pollutants  on  the  microplastics  investigated  is significantly  controlled  by  the  physicochemical  properties  of  the  tested compounds, such as the dissociation constant, molecule  size, hydrophobicity,structural properties, etc. In addition, the characteristics of the water matrix play an important role in controlling adsorption of organic pollutants on microplastic, especially the water pH. In addition, the structure and aging of the polymers had a major influence  on their interactions with the selected organic pollutants. The obtained  results  also  demonstrate  the  difficulty  in  determining  a  uniform mechanism  of  adsorption  between  the  various  organic  compounds  and microplastic particles in water.
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Jelena, Tričković. "Primena sorpcionih parametara odabranih hidrofobnih organskih polutanata na organskoj materiji sedimenata za procenu njihove dostupnosti u sistemima sediment-voda." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16659&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Prirodna organska materija zemljišta/sedimenata predstavlja glavnu oblastza sorpciju hidrofobnih organskih jedinjenja, a njene osobine utiču na stepenretencije i konsekventnu (bio)dostupnost organskih jedinjenja. Da bi se procenioekotoksikološki rizik zagađenih zemljišta/sedimenata po okolinu, dizajniralaodgovarajuća strategija remedijacije ili predvidela sudbina i transport organskihpolutanata u zagađenim zonama, neophodno je razumevanje mehanizma sorpcije idesorpcije na nivou mehanizma uspostavljenih veza. U radu je izvršeno ispitivanjesorpcije i desorpcije odabranih hidrofobnih organskih polutanata, pentahlorbenzenai lindana, na sekvencijalno ekstrahovanim huminskim kiselinama i huminima izjednog uzorka sedimenta u cilju pronalaženja veze između strukturnihkarakteristika izolovanih huminskih kiselina i humina i sorpcionih i desorpcionihparametara. Afinitet za sorpciju, nelinearnost izotermi i prividna sorpciono-desorpciona histereza korelirani su  sa osobinama sorbenata dobijenim izelementarne i FTIR spektroskopske analize. Predloženo je da je mehanizamsorpcije na huminskim kiselinama rezultat odigravanja raspodele i specifičneadsorpcije, pri čemu se pri nižim koncentracijama pentahlorbenzena i lindana prvopopune sorpciona mesta u kondenzovanoj aromatičnoj oblasti, a tek potom privišim koncentracijama sorpciona mesta u amorfnim alifatičnim oblastima.Sveukupno viši koeficijenti nelinearnosti dobijeni za sorpciju pentahlorbenzena na huminskim kiselinama u odnosu na nelinearnost sorpcionih izotermi lindana, ukazuju na to da u ukupnoj sorpciji pentahlorbenzena veći značaj ima mehanizam raspodele i smeštanje molekula pentahlorbenzena u hidrofobne šupljine huminskih kiselina, u odnosu na specifičnu adsorpciju. Ovi zaključci su potvrđeni rezultatima spektroskopskih istraživanja interakcija  odabranih organskih jedinjenja i N-metilformamida. Predloženi mehanizam sorpcije ne može objasniti sorpciju pentahlorbenzena i lindana na uzorcima humina, većje pretpostavljeno da nelinearna sorpcija za uzorke humina može biti rezultat ostvarivanja površinskih interakcija, a visoki afinitet za sorpciju rezultat je raspodele organskih jedinjenja u amorfnim alifatičnim oblastima koje pružaju odlično okruženje za sorpciju.U cilju daljeg proučavanja mehanizma sorpcije, izvršeno je ispitivanje kinetikedesorpcije tri odabrana hidrofobna organskajedinjenja, pentahlorbenzena, lindana ipentahloranilina, posredstvom  čvrstog adsorbenta, XAD-4 makroporoznejonoizmenjivačke smole. Na osnovu rezultata dobijenih za uzorak sedimenta ifrakciju < 125 µm za dva ravnotežna vremena (15 i 90 dana) i za sva odabranaorganska jedinjenja može se zaključiti da se za procenu potencijalne (bio)dostupnefrakcije organskih jedinjenja može koristiti jednostavna desorpcija u prisustvuXAD-4 makroporozne jonoizmenjivačke smole i to na dva načina: (1) ekstrakcijomsedimenta tokom 24 časa, kada frakcija koja se desorbuje odgovara frakcijijedinjenja koja se nalazi u brzo-desorbujućem domenu organske materije, ili (2)ekstrakcijom tokom 6 časova, kada frakcija koja se desorbuje odgovara polovinione frakcije jedinjenja koja se nalazi u brzo-desorbujućem domenu organskematerije.
Natural organic matter of soil/sediment make the main region for sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds, ant its properties influence the degree of retention and, consequently, (bio)availability of organic compounds. In order to assess the ecotoxicological risks of contaminated soils/sediments to the environment and design the appropriate remediation strategy or predict the fate and transport of organic pollutants in contaminated zones, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of sorption/desorption at the level of the mechanism of established bonds. Study of the sorption and desorption of selected hydrophobic organic pollutants, pentachlorobenzene and lindane, on sequentially extracted humic acids and humins from a single sediment sample with the aim of finding the relationship between the structural characteristics of the isolated humic acids and humin and sorption and desorption parameters. Sorption affinity, nonlinearity of isotherms, and apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis were correlated to the sorbent characteristics obtained from elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopic data. The proposed sorption mechanism on humic acids assumes that at low concentrations of pentachlorobenzene and lindane the sorption sites in the condensed aromatic region are occupied first, and then, at their higher concentrations, the sorption sites in the amorphous and aliphatic regions. Generally higher nonlinearity coefficient obtained for the sorption of pentachlorobenzene on  umic acids compared with the nonlinearity of sorption isotherms for lindane, indicate that in the overall sorption of pentachlorobenzene of higher significance is the  echanism of distribution and insertion of pentachlorobenzene molecule into hydrophobic dips of humic acids, compared to specific adsorption. These conclusions were confirmed with the results of spectroscopic investigation of  intermolecular interaction of chosen organic compounds and N-methylformamide.Since suggested sorption mechanism could not explain sorption of  pentachlorobenzene and lindane onto humin samples, it is supposed that the nonlinearity can be a result of surface interactions, while the high sorption affinity is result of distribution of organic compounds in the amorphous aliphatic regions that offer an excellent environment for sorption.With the aim of further insight into the sorption mechanism, investigation of desorption kinetics of three chosen hydrophobic organic compounds, pentachlorobenzene, lindane and pentachloroaniline, in the presence of  soild adsorbent XAD-4 macroporous ion-exchange resin was performed. On the basis of the results obtained for sediment sample and fraction < 125 µm at two equilibrium times (15 and 90 days) and for all selected organic compounds, it can be concluded that the assessment of the potential (bio)avialable fraction of organic compounds may be obtained by using simple method of desorption in the presence of XAD-4 macroporous ion-exchange resin, performed in two ways: (1) by sediment extraction during 24 hours, when the desorbing fraction corresponds to the fraction of  he compound that is found in the fast-desorbing domain of organic matter, or (2) by 6-hour extraction, when the desorbing fraction corresponds to one half of the fraction appearing in the fast-desorbing domain of the organic matter.
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Miroslav, Kukučka. "Uklanjanje visokog sadržaja organskih i neorganskih polutanata iz podzemnih voda Vojvodine primenom nanofiltracije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101531&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Abstract:
Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje mogućnosti uklanjanja visokih koncentracija organskih i neorganskih materija iz vodenih rastvora „Cross-Flow“ nanofiltracijom primenom spiralno uvijenih membrana. Mogućnosti separacije NOM-a, amonijum-jona i ukupnog arsena su ispitivane na koncentratima-otpadnim vodama dobijenim iz industrijskih nanofiltracionih uređaja i obuhvaćeni su eksperimentima serije NFCP. Izdvajanje visokih koncentracija jona kalcijuma, magnezijuma, gvožđa i mangana je ispitivano iz prirodnih podzemnih voda i izvedeno je u eksperimentima serije NFWP. Određeni su optimalni fluksevi i transmembranski pritisci, kao i koncentracije doziranja kompleksirajućih supstanci. Dobijeni poluindustrijski rezultati su praktično primenjivi u velikoj skali za pripremu pijaće vode kako iz dubokih, tako i iz plitkih akvifera. Primena prikazanih rezultata u pripremi vode za piće od vode dubokih izdani uz značajne uštede resursa je namenjena prvenstveno lokacijama u Panonskom basenu. Tretman bunarske vode plitkih izdani je pogodan posebno zbog dodatka organskih kompleksirajućih agenasa koji supstituišu uobičajene postupke deferizacije i demanganizacije i na taj način znatno smanjuju kako investicione, tako i eksploatacione troškove postrojenja. Dobijeni rezultati su poslužili kao osnova za izradu idejnog rešenja industrijskog postrojenja za kondicioniranje pijaće vode od bunarske vode duboke izdani iz regiona grada Zrenjanina, kao i izradu idejnog rešenja industrijskog postrojenja za kondicioniranje pijaće vode od bunarske vode plitke izdani regiona grada Bačke Palanke za naseljeno mesto Despotovo.
The goal of this thesis was to examine removal possibility of high concentrations of organic and inorganic matter from aquatic solution using “Cross-flow” spiral wound nanofiltration membranes. Natural organic matter, ammonia ions and total arsenic removal was examined using concentrates – waste water obtained from industrial nanofiltration plant and they present NFCP experiment series. Removal of high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese ions was a part of NFWP experiments and was conducted using natural groundwater. Optimal fluxes and transmembrane pressures, as well as complexing substances dosage concentrations were determined. Obtained results in semi industrial scale are practically applicable on the large scale plants for drinking water preparation from deep wells, as well as from shallow aquifers. Application of presented results, concerning drinking water preparation from deep wells with significant savings of water resources, is designed especially for locations in Pannonia basin. Shallow aquifer well water treatment is applicable in practice especially because of addition of organic complexation agents that substitutes conventional deferization and manganese removal methods ultimately reducing investment and exploitation costs. On the basis of obtained results, industrial plant that produces drinking water from Zrenjanin aquifer deep well was designed. Furthermore, potable water industrial plant was designed that used shallow aquifer well water located in Bačka Palanka region, settlement Despotovo.
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6

Marko, Grgić. "Procena remedijacionog potencijala sedimenta zagađenog prioritetnim organskim zagađujućim materijama." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110649&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Abstract:
Predmet  istraživanja  ove  doktorske  disertacije  je  procena  potencijalno  biodostupne  frakcije odabranih  prioritetnih  organskih  polutanata   (pentahlorbenzena,  heksahlorbenzena,  lindana, trifluralina, 4-oktilfenola i 4-nonilfenola) u sedimentu, ispitivanje biodegradacionog potencijala ovih  jedinjenja  u  sedimentu  u  različitim  uslovima,  kao  i  procena  potencijala  stabilizacijesedimenta  dodatkom  ugljeničnih  sorpcionih  agenasa.  U  cilju  razvoja  metoda  za  određivanje biodostupnosti odabranih organskih polutanata ispitivane su i  optimizovane metode višestepene i jednostepene parcijalne ekstrakcije primenom sledećih hemijskih agenasa:  Tenaks  smole, XAD-4  smole  i  rastvora  ciklodekstrina  (2-hidroksipropil-β-ciklodekstrina,  β-ciklodekstrina  i  metil-β-ciklodekstrina).  Optimalni  agens  za  procenu  biodostupne  frakcije  odabranih  organskih zagađujućih  materija  sa  sedimenta  XAD-4  smola,  a  optimalno  vreme  ekstrakcije  primenom jednostepenih  ekstrakcija  je  oko  8  h.  Procena  biodegradacionog  potencijala  odabranih prioritetnih  organskih  zagađujućih  materija  u  sedimentu  ispitana  je  u  različitim  aerobnim  i anaerobnim uslovima uz optimizaciju uslova putem biostimulacije i bioaugmentacije. Pokazano je  da  svih  šest  odabranih  jedinjenja  poseduju  značajan  potencijal  biodegradacije  u  anaerobnoj sredini  pri  čemu  u  slučaju  lindana  i  trifluralina  dolazi  do  potpunog  uklanjanja  biodostupne količine  jedinjenja  primenom  sva  četiri  ispitana  inokuluma.  Aerobni  potencijal  u  ispitanim uslovima  pokazali  su  samo  alkil  fenoli,  gde  je  takođe  uklonjena  skoro  celokupna  količinabiodostupne  frakcije  jedinjenja  u  sedimentu  (78-85%).  Potencijal  remedijacije  sedimenta dodatkom  ugljeničnih  materijala  ispitan  je  sa  aspekta  odabira  ugljeničnih  sorpcionih  agenasa (aktivni  ugalj,  biougalj  i  humus);  određivanja  optimalne  količine  materijala;  isptivanja dugoročnih i kratkoročnih efekata dodatka ovih agenasa na biodostupnost organskih zagađujućih materija  kako  bi  se  ispitao  efekat  starenja   i  toksičnosti  dobijenih  smeša.  Rezultati  stabilizacije zagađujućih  supstanci  u  sedimentu  pokazuju  da:  (1)  povećanje  doze  sva  tri  sorpciona  agensa dovodi  do  povećanja  efikasnosti  imobilizacije  i  smanjenja  biodostupne  frakcije  odabranih organskih jedinjenja; (2) starenjem smeša sedimenta i  sorbenata u toku prvih 90 dana dolazi do daljeg smanjenja biodostupne frakcije svih jedinjenja, nakon čega se biodostupna koncentracija ispitivanih  jedinjenja  primenom  aktivnog  uglja  ne  menja,  dok  primenom  biouglja  i  humusa  dolazi  do  porasta  biodostupne  frakcije  jedinjenja.  Testovi  fitotoksičnosti  su  pokazali  da  je  Zea mays  akumulirao  značajno  veće  količine  ispitivanih  jedinjenja  iz  netretiranog  sedimenta  u poređenju sa  Cucurbita pepo  i  Lactuca sativa. Toksičnost smeša sedimenta sa aktivnim ugljom i humusom  procenjena  na  osnovu  inhibicije  luminiscencije  na  Vibrio  fischeri  kao  i  ispitivanjem Zea  mays  germinacije  i  produkcije  biomase  je  pokazala  značajno  smanjenje  u  odnosu  na netretirani  sediment.  Akumulacija  ispitivanih  jedinjenja  u  biomasi  Zea  mays  u  netretiranom sedimentu je bila značajno veća u odnosu na sve smeše sedimenta i aktivnog uglja i humusa. Sva tri  sorbenta  pokazala  su  veliki  remedijacioni  potencijal  za  sediment  zagađen  organskim zagađujućim supstancama, ali je aktivni ugalj pokazao najbolje performance.
The  aim  of  the  research  in  this  PhD  dissertation  is  the  assessment  of  the  potentially biodegradable  fraction  of  selected  organic  pollutants   (pentachlorbenzene,  hexachlorobenzene, lindane,  trifluraline,  4-octylphenol  and    4-nonylphenol)  in  the  sediment,  estimation  of  the biodegradation potential of these compounds in sediment in different conditions, as well as the assessment  of  the  stabilization  potential  sediment  by  the  sediment  amendment  with  of  carbon rich sorption agents. In order to develop and optimise  methods for the bioavailability assessment of  the  selected  organic  pollutants,  methods  of  multistage  and  single-step  non  exhaustive extraction  were  studied  using  the  following  chemical  agents:  Tenax  resin,  XAD -4  resin  and  a cyclodextrin  solution  (2-hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin,  β-cyclodextrin  and  methyl-β-cyclodextrin).  Results  showed  that  optimal  agent  for  estimating  the  bioavailable  fraction  of selected organic pollutants from the sediment is XAD-4 resins, and that the optimum extraction time using single-step extraction is about 8 h. The assessment of the biodegradation potential of selected  priority  organic  pollutants  in  the  sediment  was  examined  in   various  aerobic  and anaerobic  conditions,  with  the  optimization  of  conditions  through  biostimulation  and bioaugmentation.  It  has  been  shown  that  all  six  selected  compounds  possess  significant biodegradation  potential  in  the  anaerobic  environment,  where  in  the  case  of  lindane  and trifluraline there is complete removal of the bioavailable amount of the compound   using all four inoculum tested. Aerobic potential under the applied conditions has been showen only for alkyl phenols,  where  almost  all  of  the  bioavailable  fraction  of  the  compound  in  the  sediment  was removed (78-85%). The potential of sediment remediation with the amendment of sediment withcarbon  rich  materials  was   examined  from  the  aspect  of  selecting  carbon  sorption  agents (activated carbon, biochar and humus); estimation the optimal material doses; the long -term and short-term effects of the addition  of these agents on the bioavailability of organic pollutants  in order to examine the effect of aging and the toxicity of the resulting mixtures. The results of the stabilization of pollutants in the sediment show that: (1)  increasing the dose of all three   sorption agents  leads  to  an  increase  in  the  immobilization  efficiency  and  reduction  of  the  bioavailable fraction of the selected  organic compounds; (2) aging of the amended sediment during the first 90 days results in a further reduction of the biodegradable fraction of all compounds, after which the  biodegradable  concentration  of  the  selected  compounds  remain  the  same  in  the  case  of activated carbon amendment, while the bioavailable fraction of  the compound increases with the use  of  biohar  and  humus.  Phytotoxicity  tests  showed  that  Zea  mays  accumulated  significantly higher amount of selected organic pollutants from unamended sediment, comparing to  Cucurbita pepo  and Lactuca sativa. Toxicity of activated carbon and humus amended sediment assessed by Vibrio  fischeri  luminescence  inhibition  test  and  by  measuring  Zea  mays  germination  and biomass yield was significantly reduced in the amended sediment samples. Accumulation of the selected  organic  pollutants  in  the  Zea  mays  biomass  in  the  unamended  sediment  were  a significantly  higher  than  in  the  humus  and  activated  carbon  amended  sediment.  Both  sorbents show  potential  to  be  used  as  remediation  agents  for  organically  contaminated  sediment,  but activated carbon exhibited the better performance.
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Books on the topic "Organski polutanti"

1

Wibawa, Pratama Jujur. Identifikasi polutan-polutan organik tak larut dalam air pada sedimen berbagai tambak di wilayah pantai utara Jawa Tengah: Laporan kegiatan penelitian perguruan tinggi. [Semarang]: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Diponegoro, 1997.

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