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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oriental Tales'
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Liassis, Nora. "Lord Byron's attitudes to the Near East in the Oriental tales." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433461.
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Baktir, Hasan. "Representation Of The Ottoman Orient In Eighteenth Century English Literature." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608967/index.pdf.
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This thesis studies the representation of the Ottoman Orient in Eighteenth Century English Literature. The thesis argues that a comprehensive understanding of the representation of the Ottoman Orient in 18th century English literature requires a new perspectivethus investigates different aspects of the interaction between the Ottoman Orient and 18th century Europe. Said'
s Orientalism discusses how European writers created a separate discourse to represent the Orient. The present thesis does not completely reject Said'
s arguement
rather it argues that there was also a negotiating tendency which did not make radical distinction between the East and the West. Relying on 18th century pseudo-oriental letters, oriental tales and oriental travelogues the study tries to indicate that representation of the Ottoman Orient in 18th century English literature was different from the earlier centuries because developig critical and liberal spirit established a negotiation between the two worlds. The negotiation of the two worlds has been studied as a significant theme of the pseudo-oriental letters, oriental tales and oriental travelogues. The present study tried to indicate how the critical and inquisitive spirit of the age of Enlightenment interanimated Oreiental and European cultures.
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Bagabas, Omar Abdullah. "Byron's representation of the Orient in 'Childe Harold's Pilgrimage', 'Don Juan', and 'The Oriental Tales'." Thesis, University of Essex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334543.
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Nash, Paul Stephen. "The idea of China in British literature, 1757 to 1785." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17905.
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This thesis examines the idea of China in British literature during a clearly defined period. Between 1757 and 1785, when Britain still had little direct contact and cultural exchange with the Chinese, China evoked various attitudes, images and beliefs in the British imagination. At times uncertain and evasive, popular understandings of China were sufficiently malleable for writers of the period to knead into domestic political satire and social discourse, giving fresh expression to popular criticisms, philosophical aspirations, and religious tensions. The period presents several prominent English, Irish, and Scottish writers who use the idea of China precisely in this manner in writings as generically diverse as drama, translation, travel writing, pseudo-Oriental letters, novels, and fairy tales. Some invoke China’s supposed defects to accentuate Britain’s material, scientific, and moral progress, or to feed contemporary debate about decadence in British society and government. Others exploit the notion of a more civilized and virtuous China to satirize what they regard as a supercilious cultural milieu attendant on their own emerging polite and commercial society, or to interrogate their nation’s moral criteria of the highest good, public-spiritedness, or evolving global enterprise. All give the idea of China new currency in the dialectical interplay between literary appeals to antiquity and the pursuit of modernity, enlisting it in philosophical and theological debates of Enlightenment. This thesis will argue that its subject writers, including Arthur Murphy, Thomas Percy, Oliver Goldsmith, John Bell, and Horace Walpole, use the idea of China to help define a British identity as culturally and politically distinct from Europe, especially France, and to contemplate Britain’s place within global history and a broadening world view at mid-century.
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Lithell, Ulla-Britt. "Kvinnoarbete och barntillsyn i 1700- och 1800-talets Österbotten /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35512868f.
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Chozick, Matthew. "How English translations of the Tale of Genji helped to popularize the work in Japan." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7282/.
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'The Tale of Genji' had been out of print in Japan for nearly two centuries when its first English translation debuted in 1882. Ironically, as fin de siècle Anglophones encountered early reviews of 'Genji' in 'The New York Times' and elsewhere as a Japanese classic, the text was unavailable in Tokyo bookstores. This study investigates the millennium-long history of 'Genji', shedding light particularly upon how its English translators introduced textual and marketing strategies that were adopted by Japanese to domestically popularize the work. Such findings will extend those of G.G. Rowley (1997), who first contended that 'Genji' had fallen out of print between the years of 1706 and 1890. This study builds upon Rowley's research, clarifying how English translations of 'Genji' were responsible for the work's return to print in Japan, where 'Genji' has subsequently become the country's national classic. Methodologically, in exploring how translators have creatively enriched Murasaki's legacy up until the present, this study applies Anthony Pym's notion of humanization (2009) and Pascale Casanova's call for literary historicization (2007). Additionally, this thesis contributes to translation research by introducing the Japanese concept of reverse-importation. The term describes a process through which objects can gain recognition in their domestic market due to perceptions of popularity achieved abroad. Murasaki's tale provides a case to better understand how English translations of 'Genji' have, through reverse-importation, altered the work's standing in Japan.
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Witherbee, Amy. "New Conceptions of Time and the Making of a Political-Economic Public in Eighteenth-Century Britain." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/675.
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Thesis advisor: Elizabeth Kowaleski WallaceThesis advisor: Alan Richardson
This project argues that the British financial revolution ushered in a new way of conceptualizing time based in mathematic innovations of the seventeenth-century. As it was employed in financial instruments and government policies, mathematics' spatialized representation of time conflicted with older, more intuitive experience of time associated with consciousness and duration. Borrowing from the work of Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, I examine how he interaction between these two temporalities reshaped conceptions of value, the public, and the body in the first half of the eighteenth century. The first two chapters of my study explore texts ranging from pamphlets that advocated for the establishment of banks to the periodical essays of The Spectator and The Tatler that advocated for political economic conceptions of time and value at the turn of the century. These texts reveal the subtle tensions and strange paradoxes created by the clash of disparate temporalities and open the door to new readings of fictional narratives like those of Daniel Defoe and Aphra Behn. My second two chapters focus on selected works by these two authors to explore how longer first-person narrative forms modeled both the possibilities and dangers of emerging political economic structures. My study concludes with two chapters that follow the development of the oriental tale in Britain. Making use of a seventeenth-century tradition that explores the tensions between representation and meaning in oriental fables, Arabian Nights' Entertainments follows on the heels of John Paul Marana's Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy and reshapes the genre to reflect the new concerns of a global marketplace in which deferral has become essential to the production of value. I conclude these chapters with readings of Johnson's Rasselas, Hawkesworth's Almoran and Hamet, and Frances Sheridan's Nourjahad, three tales that foreshadow late-eighteenth-century efforts to manage the public and its temporal paradoxes through an attention to the body
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: English
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Rendon-Garza, Jose Rene. "Global Corporate Tax Competition for Export Oriented Foreign Direct Investment." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/14.
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Economic integration and mobility of capital have set the ground for a significant competition over resources. Tax competition for internationally mobile tax bases such as foreign direct investments has become an important matter of study. Nevertheless, literature has focused on a regional or geographical neighboring condition competition through taxes. This dissertation aims to test whether tax competition for foreign direct investment has changed its regional characteristic towards a global or world-wide competition. Global or world-wide tax competition can be thought of as uncooperative tax policy reactions between governments of different countries of the world not necessarily near each other geographically, but in similar economic conditions and with the purpose to influence the allocation of mobile tax bases world-wide. For the purpose of this study, export oriented foreign capital investment was referred to as the internationally mobile tax base. A theoretical model was constructed allowing for three countries, geographical distance, transportation costs, labor and technology skills, as well as four types of individuals: workers, capitalists, and two types of entrepreneurs. Optimal corporate statutory and average effective tax rates were obtained in order to serve as reaction functions between governments and evaluate the presence of tax competition. A spatial econometric model was used to estimate the empirical approximation of the theoretical model. Four types of weight matrixes were computed: homogeneous weights, similar economic conditions, similar transportation costs from the FDI host country to the FDI home country, and neighboring conditions of FDI host countries. The sample covered 53 countries from different areas of the world from 1984 to 2002. Regarding the data, several variables were constructed, among those: the corporate average effective tax rate. The statutory corporate tax rate was discarded since it misses important factors for capital investment such as tax holidays and depreciation schedules. The principal result suggests that countries from the sample appear to behave in a tax competitive way not only in geographical neighboring terms but also in a global or world-wide approach. In fact, countries appear to compete in a stronger way in global or world-wide terms than when assuming a regional or neighboring condition.
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Mason, Mary Katherine. "Imitation is the Sincerest Form of Comedy: Finding the Humor in Rasselas through Ecclesiastes." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/113.
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For years, scholars have focused on the serious narrative of Samuel Johnson’s Rasselas and have been unable to reconcile the episodes of ironic humor within the larger serious narrative. By reading Rasselas as an imitation of Ecclesiastes rather than an Oriental tale, critics can begin to identify the humor in Rasselas through the embellishment of the story of Ecclesiastes. The failures of the character Koheleth in Ecclesiastes become the genesis for the failures of Rasselas and his companions; however, the failures of Rasselas and more elaborate and comedic. How Johnson embellishes these failures to create humorous irony in Rasselas becomes clearer for the reader through this new categorization of genre, which can hopefully unite the two opposing views of criticism surrounding this book.
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Lei, Peng. "A Linear Programming Method for Synthesizing Origin-Destination (O-D) Trip Tables from Traffic Counts for Inconsistent Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36860.
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Origin-Destination (O-D) trip tables represent the demand-supply information of each directed zonal-pair in a given region during a given period of time. The effort of this research is to develop a linear programming methodology for estimating O-D trip tables based on observed link volumes. In order to emphasize the nature of uncertainty in the data and in the problem, the developed model permits the user's knowledge of path travel time to vary within a band-width of values, and accordingly modifies the user-optimality principle. The data on the observed flows might also not be complete and need not be perfectly matched. In addition, a prior trip table could also be specified in order to guide the updating process via the model solution. To avoid excessive computational demands required by a total numeration of all possible paths between each O-D pair, a Column Generation Algorithm (CGA) is adopted to exploit the special structures of the model. Based on the known capacity of each link, a simple formula is suggested to calculate the cost for the links having unknown volumes. An indexed cost is introduced to avoid the consideration of unnecessary passing-through-zone paths, and an algorithm for solving the corresponding minimum-cost-path problem is developed. General principles on the design of an object-oriented code are presented, and some useful programming techniques are suggested for this special problem. Some test results on the related models are presented and compared, and different sensitivity analyses are performed based on different scenarios. Finally, several research topics are recommended for future research.Master of Science
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Olson, Maria. "Från nationsbyggare till global marknadsnomad : Om medborgarskap i svensk utbildningspolitik under 1990-talet." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12210.
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I den här avhandlingen är intresset riktat mot svensk utbildningspolitik och medborgarskap. I tider av globalisering, och med ett etablerat svenskt medlemskap i Europeiska unionen, har det nationella policyskapandet kring utbildningens medborgardanande funktion hamnat under ökat tryck. I studien undersöks hur detta hanteras i svensk utbildningspolitik under 1990-talet, en tid som utmärker sig genom betydande förändringar på utbildningsområdet i Sverige. Frågan är, mera precist, vilken riktning för skolans, enligt lag befästa, uppdrag att fostra demokratiska medborgare som utstakas i svensk utbildningspolitik vid denna tid. Genom att fästa vikt vid mål, visioner och motiv som formuleras i utbildningspolitiska 1990-talstexter klarläggs förståelser av medborgarskap som karaktäriserar svensk utbildningspolitik under denna tid. Även en bredare historisk analys görs, ur vilken historiska målsättningar med skolans medborgarfostran som föregår 1990-talets framträder. Studiens syfte är kritiskt. Förståelserna granskas utifrån vad de innesluter och vad de utesluter, vilka möjliga konsekvenser de kan tänkas få för olika individer och grupper i samhället, och om det finns öppningar för tänkbara alternativ. Studien visar på två historiska skiften vad gäller medborgarskapets innehåll och mening i det inhemska policyskapandet. Det första skiftet äger rum under 1990-talets tidiga del. Då bryts en etablerad samhällsbyggande medborgarroll upp, till förmån för andra mera marknadsorienterade medborgarroller. Under 1990-talets senare del, då marknadsorienteringen förstärks i neoliberal riktning, sker ett andra skifte; en historiskt vedertagen gemenskapstanke – nationen – bryts upp som grund för medborgerlig gemenskap. Denna tanke ersätts av en annan som är globaliseringsinriktad, vilken visar sig ha andra inne- och uteslutande mekanismer för olika individer och samhällsgrupper. Utifrån dessa forskningsrön tecknas avslutningsvis några konturer till ett alternativt sätt att tänka kring medborgarskap och gemenskap. Detta alternativ tar form i ambitionen att, i högre grad än vad som blir synligt i svensk utbildningspolitik, resonera kring möjligheter för ett medborgarskap bortom förhandstecknade indelningsgrunder för ett “vi”. Språk som politisk och samhällelig förändringskraft ges en central betydelse i avhandlingen. I analysen av texternas tal om skolans medborgarfostrande roll undersöks pågående politiska motsättningar när det gäller att vinna tal- och tolkningsföreträde till skolans fostransmål. Utgångarna av dessa motsättningar belyses genom tre områden för medborgarfostran som urskilts som centrala; ett politiskt, ett kulturellt samt ett ekonomi- och arbetslivsriktat. Genom dessa har rådande medborgarskapsdiskurser tagit form, ur vilka de utbildningspolitiska förståelserna av medborgarskap gestaltas och diskuteras.In this thesis attention is drawn to Swedish education policy and citizenship. In times of globalization, and with Swedish membership of the European Union, national policymaking concerning the commissioned role of citizen upbringing has come under increased pressure. In this study, light is shed on how this issue is given shape in Swedish education policy in the 1990s, a period marked by significant changes in the field of education in Sweden. The core question is, more precisely, what direction is being marked out for the Swedish schools´ commission, laid down by law, to foster democratic citizens during this period. By taking an interest in how objectives, visions and motives are formulated in education policy texts from the 1990s, understandings of citizenship are mapped that characterize Swedish education policy during this period. In addition, a more extensive analysis is carried out, by means of which historical goals of the schools’ fostering of citizens prior to those of the 1990s are presented. The aim of the study is critical. The understandings are reviewed in order to revise what they include and exclude, as well as what possible consequences they may have for different individuals and groups, and whether there are conceivable alternatives. It is emphasised that two historical changes take place during the 1990s concerning the subject of the content and meaning of citizenship in Swedish education policymaking. Firstly, during the first part of the 1990s, a historically established citizen role is changed and replaced by other, more market-oriented roles. During the latter part of the 1990s, when the market orientation is reinforced in neo liberal courses, a second change emerges, the historically accepted basic idea of inclusion – the nation – as the “we”-creating reference for civic spirit is shattered. It is replaced by another – globalization – with other qualities that include and exclude different individuals and groups. Finally, on the basis of these findings, some conditions for a possible alternative are sketched. This alternative is given shape with the ambition of, to a greater extent than is made visible in Swedish Education policy, reasoning about possibilities beyond presupposed dividing properties for a “we”. The power of language for political and societal change has an important role in this dissertation. Political clashes concerning achieving preferential access to talk and interpretation about upbringing objectives are examined by analyzing the texts’ talk about the schools’ commission to foster citizens. Light is shed on the outcomes of these clashes by examining three vital areas for citizen upbringing, found to be crucial in this context: a political one, a cultural one and an economical and working-life oriented one. These citizenship discourses are elucidated and understandings of citizenship in Swedish education policy are given form and alternatives are discussed.
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Paatere, Heidi. "Väst möter Transsylvanien i svenska reseskildringar : Med fokus på befolkning och omgivning, 1930–2000-talet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för genus, kultur och historia, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2463.
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Saad, Radwane. "Conception d'une architecture Pair-à-Pair orientée opérateur de services." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00554433.
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Les paradigmes et architectures du pair-à-pair (P2P) sont au centre des réalisations d'applications à grande échelle de tout type. Il est nécessaire d'intégrer un niveau de contrôle sur de telles applications. De telles applications seront ainsi opérées et auront comme maître d'œuvre un opérateur de services. Dans la pratique actuelle les entités pairs partageant des ressources se placent d'une manière aléatoire sur un large réseau physique (IP). Nous proposons la conception d'une architecture globale pour la mise en place de telles applications sur des plateformes de type P2P. Dans ce paradigme il est possible d'isoler trois principales composantes : la première est celle qui concerne le service applicatif, la deuxième est le routage (ou la recherche), la troisième est celle qui traite du transport des données. Ce travail consiste à optimiser chaque composante du modèle P2P. Ces études nous permettent de spécifier des structures pour trois principales contributions. La première a pour objectif de cloisonner le trafic P2P et, après généralisation, d'appliquer un algorithme sensible au contexte où chaque groupe de pairs (appartenant à un même système autonome par exemple) est basé sur une DHT (Distributed Hash Table). La seconde est d'accélérer le transfert des données à l'aide du mécanisme FEC (Forward Error Correction). La troisième est d'intégrer une entité de Contrôle/Gestion. BitTorrent est le protocole choisi au niveau transport sur une architecture intégrant ces contributions. L'architecture SPOP (Service Oriented Provider P2P) a été validée par simulation et grâce à une application de sécurité de défense contre les attaques DDoS
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Detoni, Ana Elisa Oliveira. "Arquitetura do Romance : estudo sobre a composição de personagens e a interferência do espaço em \"Relato de um Certo Oriente\", de Milton Hatoum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-18022013-130952/.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo buscar correspondências entre Arquitetura e Literatura, utilizando-se a obra de Milton Hatoum, \"Relato de um Certo Oriente\", como objeto da pesquisa. Procura-se empreender a leitura dos personagens de Hatoum à luz da arquitetura, a partir do espaço em que estão inseridos e onde ocorrem suas ações. A influência da cidade, da casa da infância e do local de trabalho, bem como o uso que se dá a cada lugar, são fatores que contribuem para a compreensão dos personagens que durante a obra narram-se uns aos outros. Isolados na casa ou perdidos em Manaus, no Brasil ou no mundo, os membros da família em torno da qual se desenrola este \"Relato\" relacionam-se diferentemente com o espaço do romance, cada um à sua maneira, e desta relação pode-se desenvolver uma compreensão tanto mais ampla da matriarca Emilie, de seu marido, seus filhos e da neta que se propõe narrar a história de gerações. Partindo da noção de topofilia, trata de uma área de fronteira entre arquitetura e literatura, onde as duas áreas de conhecimento podem tocar-se e nutrir-se.This work aims to find connections between architecture and literature, using Milton Hatoum\'s book, \"Relato de um Certo Oriente\", as object to this research. It seeks read Hatoum characters through the architecture, from the space in which they live and where their actions take place. The influence of the city, the childhood home and the workplace, as well as the use that is given to each place, are factors that contribute to the understanding of the characters who during the tale tell each other history. Isolated at home or lost in Manaus, in Brazil or in the world, family members around which unfolds this \"tale\" relate differently with the space of the novel, each in its own way, and this relationship can get a broader understanding of the matriarch Emilie, her husband, her children and granddaughter who proposes to narrate the story of generations. Based on the concept of topophilia, is a border area between architecture and literature, where the two areas of knowledge can get in touch and nourish each other.
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Roman, Marcus. "”Kan man inte definiera och avgränsa får vi snart hela främre orienten här”. : Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen och den assyrisk/syrianska migrationen till Sverige på 1960- och 1970-talet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134041.
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This thesis studies the National Labour Market Board (AMS) and the role it played during the Assyrian/Syrian migration during the 1960s and 1970s. AMS was created at the end of the 1940s with full employment as its main goal. During the 1950s and 1960s this seemingly worked perfectly and AMS had considerable influence on the migration patterns to Sweden. However this changed during the 1970s and a combination of events turned the Swedish economy to a decline. At this point in time a relatively great number of Assyrians/Syrians refugees started to migrate to Sweden. The thesis uses Bo Rothstein’s writings about Sweden as a corporate state as a starting point. Rothstein argues that the “corporate spirit” that had greatly influenced the Swedish politics since the 1930s started to decline during the 1980s in all sectors. I argue that the Assyrian/Syrian migration in the middle of the 1970s is the start of this decline in the labour market sector. I also argue that AMS influential position on the migration field ends, or at least greatly decreases as a result of the Assyrian/Syrian migration.
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CALDIROLA, ANNA. "Clara Reeve; ovvero, una scrittrice che ha sfidato il suo tempo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/167.
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La dissertazione si pone due principali obiettivi: la ricostruzione della biografia della scrittrice settecentesca Clara Reeve e la presentazione della sua vasta produzione letteraria nella quale l'autrice sperimenta diversi generi, dalla poesia (Original Poems on Several Occasions) al saggio di critica (The Progress of Romance), dal romanzo gotico e storico (The Old English Baron, Memoirs of Sir Roger de Clarendon) al romanzo pedagogico-sentimentale (The Two Mentors, The School for Widows, Plans of Education, The Exiles, Destination), cimentandosi in svariate tecniche espressive quali l'epistolario, il dialogo e la conversazione, il memoriale. Le opere sono state affrontate seguendo principalmente l'ordine cronologico al fine di valorizzare le peculiarità di ciascuna e al contempo rappresentare il processo di maturazione della scrittrice. Ne deriva una monografia inedita che pone particolare enfasi sul contesto storico e sull'ambiente culturale in cui le opere fecero la loro apparizione al fine di comprendere meglio i processi di ricezione presso i lettori e i critici coevi. Chiudono lo studio tre importanti appendici: la prima fornisce i contenuti delle opere reeviane in sintesi; la seconda propone l'integrale trascrizione dai manoscritti della corrispondenza di Clara Reeve a Joseph Cooper Walker; la terza offre una consistente documentazione fotografica.The dissertation focuses on two main objectives: the reconstruction of Clara Reeve's fragmentary biography and the presentation of this eighteenth century authoress' literary production in which she attempts different literary genres, from poetry (Original Poems on Several Occasions) to the essay (The Progress of Romance), from the gothic and historical novel (The Old English Baron, Memoirs of Sir Roger de Clarendon) to the sentimental and didactic novel (The Two Mentors, The School for Widows, Plans of Education, The Exiles, Destination), experimenting different forms such as the epistle, the dialogue and the memoir. The analysis of the text is based on a chronological perspective in order to emphasize the peculiarity of each work and simultaneously to present the progress of an artist. The result is an unprecedented monograph which stresses the historical context and the cultural environment in which Clara Reeve's works appeared so as to understand the dynamics of her public and critical reception. Three important appendixes close the dissertation: the first offers the plots of the works; the second proposes the full text transcription from the manuscripts of Clara Reeve's letters to Joseph Cooper Walker; the third collects documents and illustrations.
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Lichtinšain, Jelena. "Naujosios viešosios vadybos patirtis Danijoje ir jos diegimo galimybės Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070125_121003-88435.
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This research describes and compares different approaches of the Better Regulation implementation in Danish Ministry of Industry & Trade and Lithuanian Ministry of Economics. These two ministries have been facing many common management problems relatively at the same time period, along with the ever-changing economic challenges and EU requirements. While the Danish ministry is being one of the most effectively restructured and de-burocratized into a project organization in EU, the Lithuanian Ministry of Economics remains at quite a low level of reformation. Even though both of these ministries had common goals, their reform purposes were completely different: the Danish reform was about to increase the Ministry’s capacity in developing new policy initiatives, to increase flexibility in resource allocation, and to make the organization an attractive working place for future graduates from universities; while the purposes of Lithuanian reform are still more about general compatibility with EU requirements.
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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"Analisis de la dieta de la Cotorra Serrana Oriental (Rhynchopsitta terrisi) en cautiverio." Tesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2004. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/laec/guarneros_o_ym/.
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Huang, Minchuan. "The object-oriented generation of LR parsing tables." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19181.
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Chou, Shu-yen, and 周淑嬿. "Taxes on Other Interest Oriented from Stock Trust." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b3xnkg.
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碩士淡江大學
會計學系碩士在職專班
103
Trust Law in Taiwan was enacted on January 26th 1996. Since the Trust Law became the formal law, the Enforcement Rules of the Trust Enterprise Act was passed on June 30th 2000 and was implemented on July 19th 2000. However, the Enforcement Rules of the Trust Enterprise Act and related trust taxation still hardly avoided the controversy dispute. Recently, because of the different opinions among tax payers and collectors on trust taxations issues in practice, the administrative remedy cases happens. Dispute cases of the type of other interest oriented from stock trust of the trust of securities are in the majority. Therefore, the study is focus on the letter of Tai Tsai Shui Tzu No. 10000076610 issued on May 6th 2011 by Ministry of Finance. If the trustor is confirmed or will be clearly or available, or who can control the distribution of annual earnings, and using this information to establish an other interest oriented trust contract to give the benefits of trust to the beneficiary, he/she will have to pay the back tax and penalties of income tax and gift tax according to the Principle of Substantive Taxation. The letter has caused lots of arguments. Consequently, the study is organized with mainly focus on the Taiwan reference; related periodicals, textbooks and academic thesis secondly focus on the tax appeal cases to sort the arguments and raise the suggestion on amending law.
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En-Mei-Chen and 陳恩美. "Fairy tale classics “ The Nutcracker” transformed as Oriental costume’s creation and research." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83054575167798996011.
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碩士輔仁大學
織品服裝學系碩士班
101
This creation research is based on the famous fairy tale “ The Nutcracker”, choose the last scene which is a celebration, and transform the story, character, and space-time background into ancient China, and add some character from the other Asia countries, to create a series of full with the fantasy atmosphere s’ costume “the Eastern Nutcracker”. This creation research chooses “ The Nutcracker” to be a target of this research, the purpose is to choose most important portion of this drama and make a new explanation, ransfer western fairytale “ The Nutcracker” and combine with Eastern clothes element to transfer, especially focus on traditional Chinese element, to challenge the creater’s transferring design on new explanation and new opinion. And choose paper clay as a material to make propotional shrink size models as masterpiece. Challenge possibly the difference from normal model structure and real human to wear clothes’s to present . This creation is not only offer series of manufacturing design masterpiece but also offer future performing “the Eastern Nutcracker” and application of whom is interested in. Also can induce Western relevant reference of creation, the future for model dram style of performance.
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Ya-Shu, Lin, and 林雅淑. "A Case Study of Gift Taxes on Other Interest Oriented Trust." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73476903080583787836.
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碩士國立中正大學
會計資訊與法律數位學習碩士在職專班
101
Trust has been a great device for wealth management and tax planning nowadays. Given its highly flexible attribute, it has been widely employed in the integrated framework of family business and personal wealth management. It not only embraces the beneficial contents required by the initiator, but also embeds a reliable, inheritable and safe value system. It has been successfully applied in equity trust, real estate investment trust (REIT), real estate asset trust (REAT), securitization of real estate andcharitable trust. However, only motivated by a sound and aattractive tax system can a trust system be everlasting. There are rooms for improvement in the trust-related tax issues, which involve a variety of laws and regulations, especially in theestate and gift tax act. The purpose of this essay focuses on the following two perspectives: (1) reviewing the arguments of gift tax imposed on the third-party- interest’s equity trusts arisen from real cases, and the gist of the rulings of the administrative courts; (2) referenceing to other countries’ practice concerning the taxation on trust, addressing the feasibility of adopting “Substance over Form Principle in Tax Law” or “Principle of Taxation Under the Law” when considering the conduit principle of trust, and presenting suggestions on the amendment of the estate and gift tax act that are applicable to the fulfillment of trust.
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"Modelado de datos orientado a objetos para un sistema de información geográfica." Tesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 1999. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lis/posada_t_n/.
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Chiou, Yu-shin, and 邱于欣. "A Study of Gift Taxes on Other Interest Oriented Trust in the ROC." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93870016705765761408.
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碩士逢甲大學
會計所
97
Trust the system began in the 13th century the UK, It was only after Britain，the United States and other countries for hundreds of years of development, has evolved into the law strictly regulate the property management system. Trust is the principal act of the property transferred to the trustee, the trustee in accordance with intent Trust for the benefit of the benefitciaries of the trust property management or disposition of a system. Because of the characteristics of the dual ownership tax issues arising from the existing tax law could not taxable because of the need, and therefore the Government has taken the way of individual legislation, in the relevant tax laws set by the tax provisions of the Trust, including income tax, estate and gift tax, land tax, housing tax, deed tax and business tax and other regulations, and in 90 years May 29, through the Third Reading of the Legislative council. In this study, first introduced the concept of trust and the trust of the general theory and principles of taxation, and to explore further the UK, the United States, Japan and other countries of the trust system for comparison with Taiwan; Secondly, explore the other interest oriented Trust in our country the gift tax the relevant provisions of tax, for example, since the princial benefit; benefit of others interest-bearing trust acts, acts in the establishment of trust, gift tax levied on the client, the trust during the income generated by the trust property then the income tax levied on beneficiaries, whether or not to repeat taxation, another in the establishment of the Trust Deed for the gift tax imposed on the reasonable point in time and so on, in-depth study and recommedations to amend the law.
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楊寶蓮. "A Study Stock of Gift Taxes on Other Interest Oriented Trust in the ROC." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77972145765275041898.
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CHEN, HSIAO-HENG, and 陳孝恆. "A Comparative Study of Strategic Differences between Two Translation Versions of Tales from Shakespeare: A Purpose / Audience-Oriented Perspective." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ze83fp.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
應用英語系口筆譯碩士班
106
This thesis aims to probe strategic differences between two translation versions of Charles Lamb and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare, which were completed by Xiao and Chen respectively. Vermeer’s (1989) skopos theory and Reiss’ (2004) text typology theory are used as the theoretical framework to support the arguments regarding different degrees of simplification and explicitation that are presented in the two translation versions. To achieve the research objective, this study investigate simplification and explicitation features by measuring the differences in the number of Chengyus and fixed phrases, the average sentence length and the number of conjunctions between Xiao’s (36,033 words) and Chen’s (34,334 words) translation versions. The rough statistical results show that Xiao uses fewer Chengyus and fixed phrases (113 times) than Chen (304 times). With regard to the average sentence length, Xiao’s translation version (36.69 words per sentence) is shorter than that of Chen’s translation version (44.94 words per sentence). Additionally, Xiao uses fewer conjunctions (433 times) than Chen (521 times). The findings suggest that Xiao’s translation version has a higher degree of simplification than Chen’s due to the use of fewer Chengyus and fixed phrases and the shorter sentence length. In contrast, Xiao’s translation version shows a lower degree of explicitation as the result of fewer conjunctions. In light of their differences in the degrees of simplification and explicitation, we reach a conclusion that both of the translators’ intended purposes are theoretically achieved because Xiao’s target audiences are generally youngsters and need to read a translation with higher level of simplicity, while Chen’s target audiences are not only youngsters but also adult readers so they can accept the translation featured by the lower level of simplicity. As of today, the translations of Shakespeare’s adapted works have been scarcely explored from the functionalistic perspective in Taiwan. This study provides a reference model for future researchers who are interested in the translations of Shakespeare’s adapted works. It also suggests the importance of using different translation strategies to achieve different purposes for different target audiences.
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"Diseño de un sistema visual orientado al rompimiento de las barreras de comunicación entre padres oyentes e hijos sordos." Tesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2003. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/ldg/correa_r_k/.
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"Diseño en Internet orientado al usuario, práctica demostrativa del valor del diseño en internet enfocado al área de eventos internacionales." Tesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2004. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/ldg/ortiz_m_m/.
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Kalát, Jiří. "Příklady zobrazování muslimů (Arabů, Turků atd.) a "Orientu" v českých filmových pohádkách a jejich stereotypy před a po roce 1989." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447467.
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Do the Czech movie fairy tales shot before or after the Velvet revolution contain stereotypes concerning the Arab and therefore the Islamic world? After more than a year of research, it is possible to answer this question simply: yes, they do. A total of 172 Czech movie fairy tales had been studied with the help of a thematic analysis (it is more than 250 hours of audiovisual material). Even though such stereotypes are found in both periods of the Czech history, i.e. in the time of a communist non-freedom and a democratic freedom, its type being represented and causes of occurrence differ. Although the opening up of the Czech borders after 1989 brings a partial decrease in the number of stereotypes found within the fairy tales being produced after that point, the frequency of negative connotations linked to the individual characters is on the increase. Key words: fairy tale, Islam, orient, stereotyp
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Fu, Chia-Yu, and 傅家玉. "A Study of Income, Estate and Gift Taxes on Other Interest Oriented Trust in the ROC." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/847hup.
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碩士國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
99
The Trust’s origin can be traced back to the 13th century from U.K., then after hundreds of years’ development in U.K. and U.S., the Trust had become the strict regulation of property management system. Trust is a property management system that bases its core on capital, Goods, and trust to manage the properties through trustee and delegate. Due to the Characteristics of Trusts’ dual ownership, the issue of tax or tax-free had arisen. As the result, in Taiwan the individual legislation regarding Trust such as Income Tax, Inheritance Tax, Gift Tax, Land Tax, Housing Tax, Deed Tax and Business Tax had been set up and gone through entire three-reading procedure on May 29, 1990. This research began with introducing the theory and principle of the Trust, and then the comparison of Trust taxation between Taiwan, Japan, U.K. and U.S. will be analyzed. Afterwards, the taxation of Income tax, Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax of the Other Interest Oriented Trust will be discussed. Moreover, the function of tax saving, asset management, transfer and distribution from the Trust will be described. Furthermore, the adjustment of improper tax saving plan and the complete tax saving plan of the Trust will be mentioned.
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LIU, LEE-YU, and 柳李育. "The Application of Substance Versus Form Doctrine-A Study of Gift Taxes on Other Interest Oriented Trust of Stock." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95dj82.
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碩士開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
105
The Application of Substance Versus Form Doctrine –A Study of Gift Taxes on Other Interest Oriented Trust of Stock Abstract The article 19 of the Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan) provides that people have the obligation to pay taxes in accordance with the law. Additionally, the government must be in compliance with law when imposing taxes. This is called the doctrine of statutory taxpaying. Therefore, the explanation any law that related to tax imposing should base on this doctrine in principle, and people should enforce the law according to the purpose of the legislation, the economic content, tax-equality and principles. Thus, when investigating any transaction behavior which is taxable, we cannot judge it only by the literal meaning of the Tax Law, but take account of substance versus form doctrine. In other words, the tax imposition should both emphasize the economic fact of the taxable payment and the core of the Tax Law. Recently, the trust have led to different opinions between taxpayers and tax administration on the practice of gift tax levy. In administrative remedy cases which are derived from this dispute, "stock yield interest trust" cases have occurred most. For instance, insiders who can approach and control the annual earnings distribution information of the company establish an interest oriented trust of stocks and assign annual dividend to their children or other relatives. These trusts follow the gift tax law system, which based on pre-tax estimation structure, valuating the interest of these trusts beforehand. Then, these insiders not only get the benefit difference between the valuation and annual dividend, but also reduce the gift tax from tax planning. Based on substance versus form doctrine, this study discusses disputes about taxation of gift tax on the stock yield. In order to propose methods and guidance by law vision and avoid improper tax planning by taxpayers, related data from books, magazines, reports and case studies by scholars and experts on the matter of trust taxation are collected to summarize and analyze the disputes. This paper also focuses on investigating the principle of cognizance of taxing authorities and the opinions of administrative courts. By reviewing current tax collection mechanism and the gift tax references, this paper suggests that to solve the tax disputes arising from the trusts through law amending for creating a win-win situation between taxpayers and authorities. Keywords: Substance Versus Form Doctrine, Interest Oriented Trust, Give Tax
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Duval, Nancy. "La divination par les sorts dans le monde oriental méditerranéen du IIe au VIe siècle après J.-C. : étude comparative des sortes Homericae, sortes Astrampsychi et tables d'astragalomancie en Asie mineure." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16019.
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CHEN, HSIAO-WEN, and 陳小雯. "The conflict and balance between Principle Statutory Taxpaying and Substance Versus form Doctrine－Focus on the Gift Taxes on other Interest oriented Trust in the ROC." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2a42vz.
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碩士逢甲大學
財經法律研究所
100
The taxation guarantees not only the national revenue, but also the social policy with promoting economic and cultural development, and environmental protection. Though the tax revenue would maintain the operation of the country, it also grants the government to infringes upon citizens'' property rights. This is indeed advised to have rules protecting people''s property rights and tax obligation. 19 of the Constitution stipulates that the people have the obligation to pay taxes in accordance to the laws, that is important to the Principle Statutory Taxpaying. Principle Statutory Taxpaying is provided with adherence to democratic principles and uphold the law stability in the democratic constitutional state, preventing improper tax authorities to infringes upon property rights. In order to protect the interests of taxpayers and the countries, this article is written based on the theory and practice between the Principle Statutory Taxpaying and Substance Versus form Doctrine, and thereafter ameliorating the current tax environment. We hope the tax authorities make the administrative judgments in accordance to Substance Versus form Doctrine to avoid breaking the current tax laws. We should keep the spirit of Principle Statutory Taxpaying, creating a win-win situation between taxpayers and authorities.