To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Orientation des buts.
Books on the topic 'Orientation des buts'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 books for your research on the topic 'Orientation des buts.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
International Union of Public Transport. International Congress. Public transport and traffic: Orientation. Brussels: The Union, 1993.
Find full text
2
Baglioni, Lorenzo Grifone, ed. Una generazione che cambia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-654-9.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the evident importance of the youth question in the ambit of modern society, in practice the consideration of young people as a category of consumers frequently prevails over the valorisation of their role as citizens. This survey – triggered by a synergy between the Provincial Authority and the University – focuses the attitudes and orientations of young people, both Italian and immigrants, in the Province of Florence. The objective is to bring to the fore the dynamic and more strictly civic aspect, so as to explore themes such as the shifts in values and the security, identity and participation of the new generations. The analysis effectively brings to light a widespread ambivalence, comprising both the innovative characteristics of individualism and other features that hark back to traditionally consolidated legacies. What emerges is the sense of a social mutation that is already under way, but still in transition, in which young people play a role of considerable significance.
3
McQuistion, Hunter L. Recovery Orientation as the Clinical Matrix. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
At the core of working with people who experience mental illnesses is a collaboration in pursuit of helping them actualize their goals in work and love. Their recovery is therefore a unique process of personal development, with psychiatrists and other human services professionals practicing with recovery orientation. Specific skills, techniques, and services are identified as recovery oriented. In this chapter, through relating one person’s story, the reader can understand how recovery orientation becomes operational in a clearly systematic manner, using such techniques as motivational interviewing, shared decision-making, rehabilitative focus, person-centered treatment planning, and the use of peer supports. In this way, it is illustrated how recovery orientation is not only richly humanitarian but also evidence-based.
4
Peckruhn, Heike. Sedimentation of Habits and Orienting Experiences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190280925.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 4 pivots around experiences of race, and explores social and cultural habitation to sensory perceptions and meanings. It discusses the sensorium of race perception beyond the visual, and provides historical and cultural examples of how perceiving bodily Others emerges in and is maintained by sensory experiences. It explores how understanding our orientations and perspectives on the world as fundamentally embedded in and emerging from our bodily manner of existence allows us to begin grasping how it is not reason or intellectual reflection alone by which we can address perceptual alignments that might appear problematic to us. Habits and socio-cultural practices are not simply matters of belief or conviction held in a disembodied mind, but are embedded within our bodily perceptual orientation.
5
Chambers, David A., Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. An Orientation to Implementation Science in Cancer. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
THE ROOTS of implementation science (IS) in cancer in some sense date back to the earliest days of uncovering cancer’s etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, although it was not called that. Indeed, unlocking the mysteries of cancer and determining effective ways to intervene began not in the lab but, rather, the clinic. As Mukherjee recounted in the seminal work, The Emperor of All Maladies, 1 cancer had been the subject of clinical examination for centuries, and the drive to optimize care began in those early days. As opposed to the largely separate worlds of research discovery and care delivery that exist today, scientific research and cancer treatment coexisted. In addition, epidemiologic observations of risk factors affecting oncogenesis developed targets for what types of prevention programs needed to be implemented. Naturally, the challenges of what exactly to implement and how best to implement have been with us throughout time.
6
Morgan, Elizabeth M. Contemporary Issues in Sexual Orientation and Identity Development in Emerging Adulthood. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.006.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging adulthood presents a unique developmental milieu for sexual orientation and identity development. Over the past 10 years, a body of research has begun delineating contemporary emerging adults’ understandings of their sexual orientation and processes of sexual identity development. This scholarship has increasingly recognized the complexity and multidimensional nature of sexual identity development among both heterosexual and sexual-minority individuals. This review covers current conceptualizations of sexual orientation and identity, traditional and contemporary models of sexual identity development, and recent empirical literature assessing developmental trajectories, consistency between and within dimensions of sexual orientation and identity, stability of these dimensions, and issues of sexual identity labeling and categorization. This scholarship suggests that increased attention to diversity within and between sexual identity groups is warranted but also reveals notable patterns and categories that should be considered as the field moves forward.
7
Price, Huw. The Flow of Time. Edited by Craig Callender. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Might the explanation of some temporal asymmetries simply be that time itself is asymmetric? Some people believe that time flows, and others that it is intrinsically directed. But what do such claims mean, precisely? This chapter considers three ways of understanding flow—through a distinguished present, an objective temporal direction, and a flux-like character—and finds them all wanting. It considers, in particular, the idea that the world possesses a time orientation, critically scrutinizing the theories of John Earman and Tim Mauldin on temporal orientation and time's arrow.
8
Mahmood, Zaad. Political Economy and Partisan Government. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475278.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This is one of key chapters of the book presenting the argument of partisan government. This chapter interrogates the subnational variation in labour reforms through partisan governments and suggests regional political economy as critical to shaping orientation of partisan governments. It critically analyses the existing party-based interpretation of reform and shows that it is the instrumental interest assuaging the interests of support base that explain government orientation to labour reform. Through a caste/class analysis of political parties, the chapter highlights that significant business support and socio-economically homogeneous dominant support base characterize states with greater market flexibility. In contrast, when the dominant support base of party is heterogeneous and wide, the pace of reform is significantly muted. Partisan configuration—the socio-economic support base of government—determines not only the orientation of policies but also the interrelation between government and various interest groups in society.
9
Dowejko, Marta K., Kevin Au, and Yingzhao Xiao. Time To Be Innovative, Hong Kong. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455675.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the general argument that culture plays a key role in linking creativity to innovation, this chapter provides a cultural explanation toward the innovation paradox in Hong Kong—high in creativity but low in innovation. Specifically, we explore how time orientation, as a less explored cultural dimension, could affect Hong Kong’s social norms and collective behaviors in translating creative potentials into viable innovations for business. Through an in-depth indigenous study on its entrepreneurial activities and ecosystem, we explicate the consequences of time orientation on the situation of crouching innovation in Hong Kong. This chapter concludes with suggestions to turn the vicious cycle of innovation into a virtuous cycle by igniting the self-propelling innovation process in the society.
10
Beiser, Frederick C. The Young Folk Psychologist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828167.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter is an account of Cohen’s early writings as a folk psychologist or anthropologist working within the new discipline of Völkerpsychologie founded by Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal (1865–1870). His work was very much historicist and empiricist in orientation and investigated such topics as the origins of religion and poetry. But there was also a direction toward logic and criticism, which evolved from his early interest in epistemology and the critical philosophy. Already in these years Cohen adopted a Kantian interpretation of Plato which will be decisive for all his later philosophy.
11
Barlow, Sally. Specialty Competencies in Group Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195388558.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This online resource provides a comprehensive overview of the foundational and functional competencies related to the field of group psychology. It describes the potential treatment benefits of group work and shows how the wide range of applicability makes this a relevant resource across diverse areas, regardless of the population receiving treatment or the theoretic orientation of the therapist. This volume distils the uniqueness and contributions of the specialty in a way that benefits not only psychologists who specialize in group psychotherapy, but also clinicians who have previously taken a more traditionally individual approach to treatment.
12
Hardy, Jeffrey S. Reorienting the Aims of Imprisonment. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702792.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses how the three aims of the Gulag—economics, reeducation, and control—were restructured in the post-Stalin era. During the 1950s, the three aims of the Gulag were debated heavily at multiple levels within the penal apparatus. The orientation of change in this period was decidedly toward reeducation, with a smaller but growing movement toward increased control, but in the end a lasting commitment toward reeducation was only partially realized. Whether for lack of alternative indicators of reeducation or because of the continued emphasis on plan fulfillment, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in 1958 and 1960 reaffirmed the principle of rewarding its Gulag officials according to production figures alone.
13
Todorović, Dejan. The Mona Lisa Gaze Effect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0092.
Full textAbstract:
The Mona Lisa effect is the phenomenon in which certain portraits appear to direct their gaze at observers almost regardless of where observers are located with respect to the picture. This phenomenon has been well known for almost 2,000 years, yet it has not been studied much. The effect does not essentially depend on the motion of the observer. Rather, the effect is due to the fact that perception of gaze direction of a “looker” does not depend only on the position of the irises within the sclera but also on the orientation of the looker’s head with respect to the observer.
14
Kitcher, Philip, ed. Joyce's Ulysses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842260.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Ulysses is a famously difficult book. Philosophy is well-known as an abstruse subject. Yet thinking about Joyce’s great novel in philosophical ways provides not only new approaches for seasoned Joyceans but also orientation for those perplexed by Ulysses. Six eminent scholars, philosophers and literary critics, combine philosophical and literary analysis to present accessible perspectives on one of the world’s masterpieces. Successive chapters explore Joyce’s revisionary attitudes to the emotions, to consciousness, to the roles of the senses, to the relation between fiction and reality, to the impact of history and tradition on human lives, and to the ways in which we can reorganize the experiential worlds in which we live.
15
Heim, Maria. Buddhaghosa on the Phenomenology of Love and Compassion. Edited by Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.013.14.
Full textAbstract:
This article argues that Buddhaghosa (fifth century ce), the chief commentator and systematizer of the Pali intellectual tradition, brings a distinctively phenomenological orientation to the study of Buddhist categories. He did not take Buddha’s doctrines, particularly the Abhidhamma, as metaphysical or ontological statements about what exists or does not exist, but rather as analytical methods for exploring and transforming human experience. The article demonstrates how his methods work in his treatment of four meditation topics, called the “sublime abidings” (brahmavihāras): loving kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity. These practices collectively depict Buddhaghosa’s phenomenology and psychology of love. They entail a rigorous therapeutic regime of practical methods aimed at bringing about freedom.
16
Thatcher, Mark, and Cornelia Woll. Evolutionary Dynamics in Internal Market Regulation in the European Union. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.30.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter shows how European internal market regulation expanded and was transformed from a limited and often non-binding set of policies to an integrated and wide-ranging framework. Incremental but profound change was possible because critical junctures, in particular judgments by the European Court of Justice, allowed the European Commission and its allies to advance new policy proposals with new default positions. This affected the preferences of major member states, created new coalitions, and also led to the emergence of new actors. Feedback loops reinforced the orientation of previous agreements and created changes that most observers would have qualified as impossible three or four decades earlier.
17
Biebuyck, William, and Judith Meltzer. Cultural Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.140.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural political economy (CPE) is an approach to political economy that focuses on how economic systems, and their component parts, are products of specific human, technical, and natural relations. Notwithstanding longer historical roots, CPE emerged as part of the “cultural turn” within the social sciences. Although it is often seen as countering material determinism and the neglect of culture in conventional approaches in political economy, the cultural turn was less about “adding culture” than about challenging positivist epistemologies in social research. For some, cultural political economy continues to be defined by an orientation toward cultural or “lifeworld” variables such as identity, gender, discourse, and so on, in contrast to conventional political economy’s focus on the material or “systems” dimensions. However, this revalorization of the nonmaterial dimensions of political economic life reinforces a sharp distinction between the cultural and the material, an issue which can be traced to the concept of “(dis)embedding” the economy and subordinating society. A more noticeable development, however, is the increasing orientation of critical (CPE) analyses of global development toward the “economization” of the cultural in the context of mutating forms of neoliberalism. Concomitant to the economization of the cultural in narratives of global development is the “culturalization” of the economic. Here attention is paid not just to the growth of cultural industries but to the multiple ways in which culture has been normalized in discourses of global and corporate development.
18
Hope, Debra A., Richard G. Heimberg, and Cynthia L. Turk. Managing Social Anxiety, Workbook. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190247638.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Written for clients, this workbook teaches that social anxiety is a normal part of life, but it can sometimes have a negative impact. The important question is not whether someone experiences social anxiety but to what degree and how often. The term social anxiety disorder describes the distress and interference that comes along with severe social anxiety. Information is presented on the nature of social anxiety, empirically supported cognitive–behavioral techniques used to treat it, how to best implement these techniques, and how to deal with the problems that arise during treatment. The attempt is to offer a complete treatment that is informed by individual case conceptualization within an evidence-based practice framework. This third edition includes case examples that represent diverse clients across race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and gender identity.
19
Quine, Maria Sophia. The First-Wave Eugenic Revolution in Southern Europe: Science sans frontières. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0023.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses largely on Italy as a case study of eugenics in Catholic southern Europe. It shows the extent of transnational linkages and interconnectedness within eugenics, not only at the level of international science congresses, but also, through the formation of a “Latin” federation of eugenic organizations, spanning Europe and Latin America. It also examines Catholic responses to eugenics within a comparative context. Italian culture probably plays a large part in encouraging Italian eugenicists to question the absolute certainties and collectivist ambitions of some of their colleagues abroad. This article further discusses “social eugenics” used by social eugenicists to describe their aims and to distinguish their movement from those with a more hereditarian, selectionist, or eliminationist orientation.
20
Maniatis, Lydia M. The Bathtub Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
As we move around a picture, the light pattern projecting from it to our eye changes. The resulting percept also changes, but the nature of these changes varies from picture to picture. The contents of the picture may appear to remain parallel to the picture plane as it slants away from us, or they may undergo changes in their apparent shape and/or their orientation relative to the picture plane. The changes are a function of the geometry of the retinal projection competing with parallax cues to flatness. Here, a bathtub in a photo undergoes a radical shape change—from long and skinny to short and stubby—as we change our viewpoint.
21
Oklopcic, Zoran. An Isomorphic Pluriverse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799092.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
The task of Chapter 9 is to outline the vista beyond the Vattelian imaginary of sovereign equality. Instead of embracing one of its already existing alternatives, this chapter confronts the wagers, the assumptions, and the commitments that separate the most influential, but thus far mutually indifferent, five; but also a set of more basic images that they continue to share with the Vattelian imaginary even as they insist they have left it behind. One of the important tasks of these images, as this chapter hopes to show, is reconciliation—between infinite responsiveness and bounded power, between asymptotic orientation and situational equilibrium, between spatial scale and temporal pace, between the stability of structures and the dignity of transformations. To move beyond in this context is to ask: Can those pairs be reconciled differently? And more importantly: what for?
22
Baker, Keith. Deliberate Practice and the Acquisition of Expertise. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
The American medical system has room for improvement in the area of quality. Many systems-level approaches have been tried, but most have not yielded significant improvements in healthcare quality. This chapter focuses on strategies that mediate individual-level expert performance in a variety of domains. A central strategy underlying expert performance is deliberate practice. Deliberate practice is supported by having a learning orientation and “grit,” which is defined as long-term perseverance and passion for a goal, even if the goal is arduous. A general approach to performance improvement for individuals is also discussed. A reinvestment model for performance improvement proposes that individuals invest their time, effort, and cognitive resources, such as working memory capacity, in the design and implementation of deliberate practice for performance improvement.
23
Dallmayr, Fred. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670979.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
These remarks reiterate the view articulated in the book that the rise of modern democracy signifies more than just the expansion of the number of rulers, but rather a basic “paradigm shift” involving multiple dimensions of life and thought (comprising political, metaphysical, and even theological dimensions). By comparison, the remarks stress a more holistic breakthrough: the emergence of a new spirituality coupled with the deepening of a lateral or horizontal humanism under the aegis of a relational democracy. The constitutive elements of democracy—whose relationship has to be continuously renegotiated—are mainly three: the people as a whole (potentia), the political rulers or agents (potestas), and the goal or basic orientation of the community (telos, bonum commune). In our time, democratic rule has to be promoted not only domestically, but globally (without violence) to avoid the autocratic domination of some societies or people by others.
24
Goodman, Lenn E. Afterword. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796497.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Romanticism favors feeling over reason, first separating and isolating the two. Taking too narrow a view of reason, both admirers and detractors may regard religion as a blind leap of faith. But a prudent leap needs orientation, moral and epistemic. We need to oriented ourselves ontologically and axiologically if we are to pursue transcendent goals and not mistake emotional intensity for a criterion of truth, confusing violence with power, or freedom with caprice, as if wilfull choices were somehow self-justifying and could create moral or spiritual truths. Echoing Maimonides’ theses thatx reason is humanity’s link to God, and rejecting Kierkegaard’s tendentious misreading of the Binding of Isaac, I defend an ideal of holiness that finds expression in a life uniting the active and practical with the thoughtful and spiritually uplifted and uplifting—seeking holiness not in irrational excesses but in the irenic discoveries of reason.
25
Martin, Richard P. Hesiodic Theology. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.6.
Full textAbstract:
The Hesiodic view of the supernatural varies within individual compositions, in tune with oral-traditional poetic practice. The flexibility and dramatization inherent in the medium led ancient philosophers to treat Hesiod and Homer as deficient “theology.” Taken as religious fictions, with attention to their diction and devices, the Hesiodic poems are distinct from the Homeric in orientation toward and expressions about the divine world. The Theogony frames itself as a praise poem to Zeus but must downplay the self-interested character of such compositions. Zeus’s sovereignty is depicted in diachronic terms as wisely integrating earlier powers. The Works and Days deals synchronically with the upshot of the world-shaping Prometheus and Pandora complex, projecting onto the mythic level its tale of contemporary fraternal strife and advice for living under a regime of divine justice.
26
Urrieta, Luis, and George W. Noblit. Theorizing Identity from Qualitative Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter highlights the contributions drawn from the case studies in the volume to identity work and identity theory but also to future directions for theory and meta-ethnography (qualitative synthesis). Overall, the chapter analyzes how the contributors theorized with meta-ethnography in and through their studies. The collective findings of their analyses on the cultural construction of identities in education in particular emphasize race and ethnicity and their intersections with gender, class, and sexual orientation. The chapter further confirms that the Western identity binary is a set-up that (a) upholds power hierarchies and (b) protects whiteness. Meta-ethnography in this book has been about advancing scholarship through seeing synthesis as related to theory, and especially critical theories, and these efforts can be used strategically to address, and alter, injustices.
27
Wade, Nicholas J. Hidden Images. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0113.
Full textAbstract:
It is relatively easy to hide pictorial images, but this is of little value if they remain hidden. Presenting hidden images for visual purposes is a modern preoccupation, and some of the perceptual processes involved in them are described in this chapter. Pictorial images can be concealed in terms of detection or recognition. In both cases there is interplay between the global features of the concealed image and the local elements that carry it. Gestalt grouping principles can hinder as well as help recognition. Examples of images (mostly faces) hidden in geometrical designs and text as well as orientation are shown. Rather than being pictorial puzzles alone, hidden images can reveal aspects of visual processing. This chapter explores these concepts and related ideas such as perceptual portraits and pictorial puzzles.
28
Schafer, Karl. Constitutivism about Reasons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797074.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary forms of Kantian constitutivism generally begin with a conception of agency on which the constitutive aim of agency is some form of autonomy or self-unification. This chapter argues for a re-orientation of the Kantian constitutivist project towards views that begin with a conception of rationality on which both theoretical and practical rationality aim at forms of understanding. In a slogan, then, understanding-first as opposed to autonomy-first constitutivism. Such a view gives the constitutivist new resources for explaining many classes of reasons, while also offering a new way of understanding the unity of theoretical and practical reason. The chapter concludes by arguing that the resulting view is best understood, not so much as an alternative to autonomy-first constitutivism, but as a complement to it.
29
Chávez, Karma R. The Differential Visions of Queer Migration Manifestos. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038105.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter analyzes three manifestos linking queer politics with migration politics written and distributed in 2006 and 2007, and another, which builds upon two of those manifestos, published in 2011. The manifestos represent coalitional moments in that they supply visions for queer, migrant, and queer migrant activism, rights, and justice that point toward coalition. The visions of coalition differ widely from the inclusionary perspective, and yet the visions are offered in concrete and possible terms. In contrast to the normative and the utopian, the authors of these manifestos develop and advance a different political vision, a “differential vision” of queer migration coalitional politics. A differential vision reflects an impure political orientation, whereby activists seek relationships to others who may take different approaches but who resist hegemonic power systems.
30
Baghdassarian, Fabienne, Ioannis Papachristou, and Stéphane Toulouse, eds. Relectures néoplatoniciennes de la théologie d’Aristote. Academia – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783896659255.
Full textAbstract:
On the question of the divine, as on others, the Neoplatonic tradition has gradually made the reading of Aristotle a philosophical preriquisite. The contributions gathered in this volume aim at understanding how the Neoplatonic readers of Aristotle’s theology interpreted, commented on and criticized these doctrines in the light of their philosophical orientations, but also how Aristotle’s philosophy was able to influence, in return, their own conceptions and nourish the Neoplatonic approach to the divine. In short, it is a question of specifying both the different hermeunetic uses to which the Aristotelian philosophy of the divine has lent itself and the conceptual effect of this reappropriation.
31
Glazov, M. M. Dynamical Nuclear Polarization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
The transfer of nonequilibrium spin polarization between the electron and nuclear subsystems is studied in detail. Usually, a thermal orientation of nuclei in magnetic field is negligible due to their small magnetic moments, but if electron spins are optically oriented, efficient nuclear spin polarization can occur. The microscopic approach to the dynamical nuclear polarization effect based on the kinetic equation method, along with a phenomenological but very powerful description of dynamical nuclear polarization in terms of the nuclear spin temperature concept is given. In this way, one can account for the interaction between neighbouring nuclei without solving a complex many-body problem. The hyperfine interaction also induces the feedback of polarized nuclei on the electron spin system giving rise to a number of nonlinear effects: bistability of nuclear spin polarization and anomalous Hanle effect, dragging and locking of optical resonances in quantum dots. Theory is illustrated by experimental data on dynamical nuclear polarization.
32
Nyquist Potter, Nancy. Empathic Foundations of Clinical Knowledge. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0021.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter sets out several views of empathy that draw not only on psychology's literature but on philosophical and psychiatric writings. Empathy is a set of complex concepts involving perception, emotion, attitudinal orientation, and other cognitive processes as well as an activity that expresses character traits and, hence, one of the virtues. In other words, an examination of the philosophical and clinical literature reveals empathy to be not one unified concept but instead a set of related characteristics and qualities needed to be an ethical and therapeutically effective clinician. To this end, the chapter offers reasons as to why empathy is important to clinical work: empathy is both epistemically and ethically necessary to good social relations and, in particular, clinical relations. It then distinguishes empathy from a related concept called "world"-traveling and situates its relevance to therapeutic relations. Finally it brings these ideas together by highlighting Iris Murdoch's ideas of "just vision" and "loving attention."
33
Lichtenstein, Nelson. A New Era of Global Human Rights. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
The rights regime that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century proved enormously liberating, not only in the United States but throughout the world as well, and especially in the less industrialized and democratic nations where the demand for human rights and civil liberties has sparked reform and revolution. But for both workers and citizens, an orientation that privileges individual rights above all else can also function as both a poor substitute for and a legal subversion of the institutions that once provided a collective voice for workers and other subaltern strata. This chapter explores this trade-off. According to the International Labor Organization's World Labor Report, trade union membership dropped sharply during the 1990s, falling to less than 20 percent of workers in forty-eight out of ninety-two countries. The decline was most serious in manufacturing, even though on a worldwide basis the manufacture of actual products in actual factories was a booming proposition.
34
Smith, Jos. Fugitive Allegiances. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795155.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
The literary journal Archipelago has offered one of the richest artistic visions of the British and Irish landscape this century, but it is one at an argumentative tilt to conventional orientations of the Isles. This chapter offers an account of the earlier work of the journal’s editor, Andrew McNeillie, before looking carefully at some of Archipelago’s regular contributors of poetry, prose, and visual art. What this reveals is, on the surface, a turn to the periphery which sees the literatures and cultures of the coastal edges speak back to the centre; but it goes on to unearth a more complex and decentred archipelagic space underneath this, one with an emphasis on artists working (quite literally at times) in the cosmopolitan spaces ‘between and among islands’ (Stratford et al.).
35
Schiffman, Zachary Sayre. Montaigne. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.8.
Full textAbstract:
This article shows how Montaigne’s Essays can clarify the problem of historical periodization by demonstrating the differences between early modern, modern, and postmodern sensibilities. These terms have arisen in the wake of disputes over Jacob Burckhardt’s interpretation of the Renaissance, offering the appearance of a more value-free alternative to his period scheme. An examination of the Essays, however, reveals that these terms are not mere chronological markers but embody crucial, normative differences. In contrast to the modern sensibility that perceives selfhood as the product of historical and cultural context, Montaigne regarded it as reflected in, rather than shaped by, his context. This early modern tendency engendered in him a form of radical relativism akin to that of postmodernism, a form of relativism that appeals to twenty-first-century readers and that can provide a new orientation in a complex world.
36
Hughes, Aaron W. The Manufacture of Orthodoxy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190684464.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 4 begins with the notion that even after the rise of Islam and its political dominance in the region, Judaism remained poorly or underdefined, with many groups exploring different paradigms of leadership and structures of authority. All of this was to change with the career of Saadya Gaon (882–942), who tried to establish a theological clarity when it came to what Judaism was or ought to be. In so doing, however, he adopted the literal (Arabic) and metaphorical (kalāmic) language of Islam. This adoption facilitated the creation of an “Islamic Judaism.” This was not only phenomenologically similar to what Muslim thinkers were creating at the same time, in the same place, and in response to similar threats to authority, but also real and historical in the sense that Judaism was fundamentally “Islamic” in its description and orientation.
37
Myllykoski, Jenni, and Anniina Rantakari. Eternal Today. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827436.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on temporality in managerial strategy making. It adopts an ‘in-time’ view to examine strategy making as the fluidity of the present experience and draws on a longitudinal, real-time study in a small Finnish software company. It shows five manifestations of ‘in-time’ processuality in strategy making, and identifies a temporality paradox that arises from the engagement of managers with two contradictory times: constructed linear ‘over time’ and experienced, becoming ‘in time’. These findings lead to the re-evaluation of the nature of intention in strategy making, and the authors elaborate the constitutive relation between time as ‘the passage of nature’ and human agency. Consequently, they argue that temporality should not be treated merely as an objective background or a subjective managerial orientation, but as a fundamental characteristic of processuality that defines the dynamics of strategy making.
38
Hodges, John R. Testing Cognitive Function at the Bedside. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749189.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the second component of assessment in patients with suspected cognitive dysfunction: testing cognitive function at the bedside. The first part of the examination should assess distributed cognitive functions, notably orientation and attention, episodic and semantic memory, and frontal executive function (initiation in the form of verbal fluency, abstraction, response inhibition, and set shifting); deficits in these indicate damage to particular brain systems, but not to focal areas of one hemisphere. The second part of the assessment deals with localized functions, divided into those associated with the dominant (i.e. the left side, in right-handers) and non-dominant hemispheres. The former relates largely to tests of spoken language with supplementary tests of reading, writing, calculation, and praxis when applicable. Testing right hemisphere function focuses on neglect (personal and extrapersonal), visuospatial and constructional abilities, and the agnosias including object and face agnosia.
39
Mutcherson, Kimberly. Procreative Rights in a Postcoital World. Edited by Leslie Francis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199981878.013.8.
Full textAbstract:
Profound shifts in the legal and ethical understanding of what constitutes a family have occurred alongside significant technological advances in reproduction. The rise of assisted reproduction has brought about a brave new postcoital world, but rather than dismantling existing hierarchies of reproduction, evidenced by state-sanctioned sterilization policies, childbearing caps on public benefits, or harmful judgments of parental unfitness, those hierarchies are reintroduced into the world of assisted reproduction. Thus, while technology allows for procreative pluralism, the law is slower to embrace procreative differences. Legal barriers to procreation include disparities in health insurance coverage and legally unchallenged discrimination against single persons, same-sex couples, or people with disabilities who seek assisted reproductive services. As noncoital reproduction is both a constitutional and a human right, it is unjust to deny this right on the basis of nonrelevant categories such as sex or sexual orientation.
40
Kurth, Angela M., and Darcia Narvaez. The evolved developmental niche and children’s developing morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747109.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Like every animal, human offspring evolved to fit into their communities, but social fittedness for mammals requires a supportive early nest that fosters socio-emotional intelligence, self-regulation, and sympathy. Within a supportive environment, children naturally develop orientations that facilitate prosocial behaviours within the community. We use the evolved developmental niche (EDN), apparent in 95% of human history as small-band hunter-gatherers, for a baseline representative of human evolution. In these societies, children grow into cooperative, agile moral actors. We compare the EDN with five modern approaches to young child group care and make suggestions to early caregivers on how to provide, in the modern world, what children evolved to need.
41
Moran, Richard, and Martin J. Stone. Anscombe on the Expression of Intention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633776.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
This paper asks an interpretive question about the place of “expression of intention” in Anscombe’s opening presentation of three familiar employments of a concept of intention, commonly taken as distinguishing between (1) having or forming the intention to do something, (2) doing something intentionally, and (3) doing something with a certain intention. An initial project in philosophy of action is, then, determining which of these employments is primary and can be used to explain the others. Anscombe’s own first division, however, is not the having of an intention but the expression of intention, as when someone says, “I’m going for a walk.” The paper argues that attention to the role of expression is not a mere peculiarity of Anscombe’s, and that specifically verbal expression provides a way to see how radically different in orientation Anscombe’s conception of intentional action is from the “standard story” of action since Donald Davidson.
42
Fitzhugh, Ben. The Origins and Development of Arctic Maritime Adaptations in the Subarctic and Arctic Pacific. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.20.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the antiquity and evolution of Subarctic maritime traditions in the Beringian North Pacific—precursors of maritime cultures that ultimately pushed north and east across the Canadian and Greenlandic Arctic. Boat-based, maritime economies and settlement show up by the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the relatively warm Subarctic Northeast Pacific (Gulf of Alaska and Aleutians) but appear delayed by 5,000 or more years in the Northwest Pacific and Bering and Chukchi seas. Potential biases of preservation and research histories are examined and dismissed, and two environmental models are proposed to explain the delay (or disruption) of maritime settlement in the seasonally frozen Okhotsk, Bering, and Chukchi seas. Late Holocene maritime traditions intensify and converge in all regions of the Subarctic and Arctic Pacific over the past 2,000–3,000 years, forging a common ecological, economic, technological, and social orientation, where none had previously existed.
43
Gallo, David A., and James M. Lampinen. Three Pillars of False Memory Prevention. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.11.
Full textAbstract:
Conscious recollections of past experiences are prone to distortion, but retrieval monitoring processes help control memory accuracy and avoid false memories. This chapter overviews the metacognitive aspects of three retrieval processes that are fundamental for determining whether or not a questionable event had occurred in one’s past: (1) selectively searching memory for evidence of the questionable event (orientation), (2) diagnosing the validity of retrieved evidence by comparing it to one’s expectations about the questionable event’s memorability (evaluation), and (3) using various kinds of collateral information to converge upon the truth (corroboration). Such collateral information could include recollections of surrounding events that confirm or disqualify the questionable event’s occurrence, as well as other kinds of knowledge pertaining to the questionable event’s likelihood or plausibility. The chapter discusses laboratory research on each of these processes and considers how these processes recursively interact when remembering the more complex autobiographical events of our lives.
44
Wilson, Mark. Physics Avoidance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary philosophy of science attempts to diagnose explanatory structure through descriptive tools derived largely from logic, an orientation called “Theory T thinking” here. Its portrait of scientific endeavor is painted with an extremely broad brush and neglects structural distinctions familiar to applied mathematicians (Theory T thinking tries to make all of science look alike, but this is a grave mistake). In real life, practitioners within every field of endeavor continually encounter significant roadblocks to reasoning that would cripple further advance if they adhered to the guidelines of Theory T thinking. Instead, clever scientists have devised an astonishing variety of gambits for working around these obstacles. Such policies practice “physics avoidance” in the sense that they depart from the simple patterns of explanation favored by Theory T thinkers. This essay discusses several ways in which significant forms of philosophical confusion have arisen through a failure to draw requisite distinctions.
45
Grimm, Dieter. Europe Needs Principles, Not Pragmatism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805120.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the question of European statehood, arguing that what is needed is not pragmatism but greater orientation to principles and more explanations of consequences. It first considers the EU’s ultimate goal: whether it should become the United States of Europe or whether it should remain a community of Member States who unite for specific purposes in areas that they can better address unitedly than separately. It then explains how the transformation of European institutions in accordance with a nation-state model would lead towards a European state, suggesting that one cannot transform the EU’s institutional structure on the nation-state model and at the same time defer to a later date the question of European statehood. It also considers the German Federal Constitutional Court’s role in bridging the scope of EU powers and the autonomy of European decision-making on the one hand, and European democracy on the other.
46
Horne, Gerald. The Jim Crow Paradox. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041198.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This concluding chapter argues that the decline of forces represented by Paul Robeson meant that forces symbolized by Claude Barnett, who were surely interested in Pan-Africanism but also were seeking profitable investments, meant they were conflicting with African leaders like Kwame Nkrumah who had a socialist orientation; this was bound to create waves. Moreover, it was bound to undermine Associated Negro Press's (ANP) role as an honest broker or even as a cynical promoter of Washington's policies, all of which was hastening the agency's demise. Part of the paradox of Jim Crow was that as it eroded at a time when the Robesons were in retreat and the Nkrumahs of the world were ascending, conflict was bound to arise between Africans and African Americans, thus eroding too the global leverage that had been so instrumental in collapsing Jim Crow in the first place.
47
Voß, Heinz-Jürgen, ed. Die Idee der Homosexualität musikalisieren. Psychosozial-Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/9783837978117.
Full textAbstract:
Guy Hocquenghem´s essay »Homosexual Desire« »may well be the first example of what we now call queer theory,« wrote Douglas Crimp on the back-cover blurb of a new US edition of this book. The French activist and theorist, journalist and novelist lived from 1946 to 1988 and helped shape the history of the radical gay movement in the 1970s and 1980s, not only of his country, but also of the old Federal Republic. While the interest in Hocquenghem is growing again in France and the US, he is largely ignored today in the German-speaking world. But reading him is worthwhile, because he offers perspectives for thinking about sexual orientation not as something rigid but »open« and in process – something »musical«, that is: A sound also occurs only when it exhausts its entire amplitude. In 2018, fifty years after the so-called sexual revolution and on the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Guy Hocquenghem, the authors of the present volume undertake to bring current queer critiques of identity and racism to an exchange with this thinker. With contributions by Guy Hocquenghem (translated by Salih Alexander Wolter), Rüdiger Lautmann, Norbert Reck and Heinz-Jürgen Voß.
48
Matthew Carnes, S. J. Contributions of Contemporary Political Science to an Understanding of the Common Good. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670054.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
The transformation of political science in recent decades opens the door for a new but so far poorly cultivated examination of the common good. Four significant “turns” characterize the modern study of politics and government. Each is rooted in the discipline’s increased emphasis on empirical rigor, with its attendant scientific theory-building, measurement, and hypothesis testing. Together, these new orientations allow political science to enrich our understanding of causality, our basic definitions of the common good, and our view of human nature and society. In particular, the chapter suggests that traditional descriptions of the common good in Catholic theology have been overly irenic and not sufficiently appreciative of the role of contention in daily life, on both a national and international scale.
49
Fischer, Frank. Sustaining Democracy in Hard Times: Participatory Theory for Local Environmental Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This final chapter explores ideas previously taken up and relates them to political theory, democratic deliberative politics in particular. Up to this point, these ideas have been presented as theoretical contributions to both participatory governance and the relocalization movement. The discussion here seeks to extend the theoretical perspective more specifically to a number of important but relatively neglected traditions in democratic political theory, especially as they relate to ideas taken from the writings of Bookchin and Sale. This involves the theories of associative democracy, insurgent democratic politics, and participatory or democratic expertise. These theoretical orientations are provided as steps in search of a broader environmental political theory that can address the democratic struggles that are anticipated during the socio-ecological climate crisis ahead.
50
Dantas de Figueiredo, Marina. Problematizing the Idea of Heritage Management. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.23.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter aims to problematize heritage management, focusing on the way it came to be framed and how it turned into a practice with different orientations in the academic fields of heritage studies and public archaeology. Both heritage and management are concerned with value, but in distinct yet complimentary ways. These two perspectives are not oppositional, but counterparts entwined around one elemental fact: the social and moral transformations that have made the idea of “management” to be closer to the idea of “business” in the present day. The intellectual effort of such problematizing process seeks to develop a line of reasoning through which heritage management can be understood and undertaken as a complex practice. While acknowledging the importance of the maintenance of heritage value in the dynamics of contemporary societies, this chapter concludes that heritage management in its most basic sense is a concept that needs further theorizing.