Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Orientation et mobilité'
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Mignonac, Karim. "La disposition des ingénieurs et des cadres envers la mobilité interne : contribution à l' étude des déterminants." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10054.
Full textThis research aims at understanding engineer' s and managers' willingness to accept intraorganisational mobility by using a wide array of explanatory variables and taking into account a variety of professional, geographical and hierarchical mobility opportunities
Arnoux-Nicolas, Caroline. "Sens du travail et mobilité professionnelle : [« La mobilité signifiante »]." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1005.
Full textIn the context of uncertainty in our contemporary society, guidance issues relate more to those of the "meaning" (Bernaud, 2014). The nature of careers is modified, characterized by many changes and ruptures (Savickas and Pouyaud, in press). Despite the conceptualization and the measurement of the meaning of work being the subject of a growing scientific literature, little research has been conducted on its relationship with life events. This thesis aims to analyze the relationships between the meaning of work and career changes. The first part of our results is devoted to the validation of a psychometric instrument among French workers for assessing meaning of work (IST – Inventaire du Sens du Travail). The second part of overall results shows significant reciprocal links between the meaning of work and career changes, through three separate studies. An initial exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with administrative staff, aims to better understand how the individual constructs meaning after an employment change. In the framework of a second quantitative study conducted with 501 administrative staff working in French universities, hierarchical regression analyzes indicate that personality and subjective indicators of professional mobility explain respectively 17% and 21% of the variance of the meaning of work. These results specifically highlight the importance of the individual's perception of the experienced career change in the understanding of the meaning of work. A third quantitative study with a sample of 336 employees working in diversified professional fields, shows the influence of the meaning of work on withdrawal intentions, as well as the role of mediator of the meaning of work between job dissatisfaction factors and the withdrawal intentions. Based on our literature review and results, we propose a dynamic model of the meaning of work as well as a model of a “meaningful” career change, that is to say, in reciprocal interaction with the meaning of work
Quinson, François. "Quitter la classe : la mobilité professionnelle en cours de carrière des enseignants du premier degré, épreuve cruciale individuelle et analyseur du groupe professionnel." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/quinson_f.
Full textVechambre, Cyril. "Mémoire de forme et matériaux à base d'amidon : propriétés et mécanismes impliqués." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=4c6af3be-d8c6-4bfd-8995-6a4d3bbe640a.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to characterize the shape memory effect in extruded starch-based materials and to understand the related structure implicated in this particular effect. The shape memory performances of thermoplastic starch are very similar to those of most synthetic polymers, with for optimized conditions, a fixity about 98%, a shape recovery of 95% and a recovery stress close to 3MPa. Moreover, the shape change of starch-based materials can be triggered by both humidity and temperature. Synchrotron radiation polarized infrared microspectroscopy and wide angle x-ray scattering experiments evidence a orientation of amorphous segments and the presence of a local order constituted of helical fragments. This local order allow chains orientation without slippage. Shape recovery stimulated at the glass transition lead to a isotropic state. It has been shown that the deformation induce the formation of residual stresses, linearly dependent on the orientation of the amorphous chains. In the temporary shape a lower molecular mobility is observed. This lower mobility can results from the formation of a secondary network, created during the deformation and seems to be due to hydrogen bonds. The results are discussed in terms of usual mechanisms proposed for shape memory synthetic polymers
Choinière, Jean-Philippe. "Conception, développement et validation expérimentale d'une boussole haptique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27069.
Full textThis Master’s thesis presents the design, control and experimental validation of a haptic compass, designed as a guiding device for the visually impaired in all environments. The literature review shows that there is a need for haptic guidance and how this technology differs from current haptic devices. The proposed device uses the principle of asymmetric torques. Its design is based on a direct drive motor and a pre-calibrated open-loop control, which allows the generation of stimuli in a wide range of frequencies. The device is calibrated and its mechanical properties are evaluated to ensure that the open-loop control provides sufficient precision. A first user study presents interesting effectiveness in the frequency range 5 to 15 Hz and for torques over 40 mNm. In a second experiment, the use of a haptic feedback proportional to the anglular error is shown to significantly improve the results. An experimental validation by a group of subjects walking with the aid of the portable device in an open environment is then reported. The results show that all participants met all route objectives with small lateral deviations (0:39 m on average). The performances obtained and the user’s impressions are favorable and confirm the potential of this device. Finally, a model of the human orientation task is developed and demonstrates the importance of individual customization. A receding horizon strategy for the placement of the current target on the path is thereby proposed.
Boutorabi, Tafazzoli Tahereh. "L'accès des jeunes filles à l'Université en Iran et leur orientation : essai sur la mobilité sociale des femmes iraniennes." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2024.
Full textGharebaghi, Amin. "Évaluation et la représentation spatiotemporelle de l'accessibilité des réseaux piétonniers pour le déplacement des personnes à mobilité réduite." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33486.
Full textMobility of people with motor disabilities (PWMD) plays a significant role in their social inclusion. PWMD need to move around autonomously to perform their daily routines such as going to school, work, shopping, and going to fitness centers. However, mostly these needs are not accomplished because of either limitations concerning their capabilities or inadequate city design. Indeed, mobility is a human life habit, which is the result of interactions between people and their surrounded environments. In recent years, assistive technologies have been increasingly developed to enable PWMD to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life. In particular, these technologies provide a variety of features that allow these individuals to overcome diverse obstacles that reduce their mobility and contribute to their social exclusion. However, despite increasing availability of assistive technologies for navigation and mobility, their potential is poorly exploited for PWMD. Indeed, these technologies do not fully consider the human-environment interactions. The overall goal of this dissertation is to benefit from the potentials of methods and technologies of the Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) in order to overcome the mobility issues of PWMD by creating an accessibility-assessing framework and ultimately by developing a personalized routing approach, which better considers the humanenvironment interaction. To achieve this goal, four specific objectives were followed: 1) develop a mobility ontology for PWMD that considers personal factors as well as environmental factors, 2) propose a method to evaluate the accessibility of the pedestrian network for the mobility of PWMD considering the interactions between human factors (confidence) and the environmental factors, 3) study of the role of social factors in the accessibility of urban areas, and finally, 4) refine the existing algorithms to calculate accessible routes for PWMD considering their profile. First, to develop an adapted ontology for mobility of the PWMD, the social dimension of the environment with the physical dimension were integrated and a new approach based on a “Nature-Development” perspective was presented. This perspective led to the development of useful ontologies, especially for defining the relationships between the social and physical parts of the environment. Next, a confidence-based approach was developed for evaluation of the accessibility of pedestrian network considering the interaction between personal factors and environmental factors for the mobility of PWMD. In addition, the role of policy actions on the accessibility of the pedestrian network was investigated and the influence of three potential policies was analyzed. Finally, a novel approach to compute personalized routes for PWMD considering their perception, preferences, and confidences was proposed. The approaches proposed were implemented in the Saint-Roch area of Quebec City and visualized within the multimodal mobile assistive technology (MobiliSIG) application
Ouerdane, Youcef. "Evolution d'un alignement et d'une orientation atomiques dans un champ électrique : application à la détermination des polarisabilités tensorielles dans l'hélium." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10052.
Full textLebel, Karina. "Validation, optimisation et valorisation de la mesure d'orientation issue de centrales inertielles pour la biomécanique clinique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11428.
Full textAbstract : Inertial measurement of motion is emerging as an alternative to 3D motion capture systems in biomechanics. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are composed of accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers which data are fed into a fusion algorithm to determine the orientation of a rigid body in a global reference frame. Although IMUs offer advantages over traditional methods of motion capture, the value of their orientation measurement for biomechanics is not well documented. Objectives: (i) To characterize the validity of the orientation measurement issued from IMUs; (ii) To optimize the validity and the reliability of these measurements; and (iii) To propose mobility metrics based on the orientation measurement obtained from IMUs. Methods and results: The criterion of validity of multiple types of IMUs was characterized using a controlled bench test and a gold standard. Accuracy of orientation measurement was shown to be acceptable under slow conditions of motion (mean accuracy ≤ 3.1º), but it was also demonstrated that an increase in velocity worsens accuracy. The impact of those findings on clinical mobility evaluation was then assessed in the lab, with 20 participants wearing an inertial suit while performing typical mobility tasks (standing-up, walking, turning). Comparison of the assessed IMUs orientation measurements with those from an optical gold standard allowed to capture a portrait of the variation in accuracy across tasks, segments and joints. The optimization process was then approached from a user perspective, first demonstrating the capability of an artificial neural network to autonomously assess the quality of orientation data sequences (sensitivity and specificity ≥ 83%). The issue of joint orientation accuracy in magnetically perturbed environment was also specifically addressed, demonstrating the ability of a 2D photograph coupled with a 3D pose estimation algorithm to improve mean ankle orientation accuracy from 6.7° to 2.8º when walking (n=60 trials). Finally, characterization of the turn cranio-caudal kinematics signature (variables: maximum head to trunk angle and neuromuscular commands amplitude) has demonstrated a good ability to discriminate between healthy older adults (n=15) and early stages of Parkinson’s disease patients (PD, n=15). Metrics have also shown a good sensitivity to change, enabling to detect changes in PD medication states. Conclusion: IMUs offer a complementary solution for mobility assessment in clinical biomechanics. However, the full potential of this technology will only be reached when IMUs will be integrated and validated within a clinical tool.
Lemay, Valérie. "Étude des déterminants de la mobilité en fauteuil roulant manuel et leur association avec la participation sociale d'usagers expérimentés ayant une lésion de la moelle épinière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28454/28454.pdf.
Full textMotaouakal, Mohamed. "Vers l'automatisation de la mise à jour des bases de données spatio-temporelles d'aide à la navigation : cas d'une base de données pour la navigation des personnes à mobilité réduite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27900.
Full textGauthier, Jean-Sébastien. "Parcours migratoires et scolaires d'enfants arméniens à Valence durant l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2178/document.
Full textLaunched on the exile roads, after the 1915 genocide caused by the Jeune-Turc government, the Armenian refugees were in search of a territory open to welcome them. After an exodus which lasted several years and led them into the Balkan States and the whole Near East, some of them made the choice of France. The first refugees turned up in Valence in 1922 or 1923 (itdepends on the pieces of information). Others followed a few years later. My study attempts to show the Armenian families and children’s geographical routes, from their places of origin to Valence. Several more or less varied waves of immigrants occurred. Very often, the trip from Marseille to the “Cité drômoise” was not straight. The different stages of their French itinerary appear as markers of their varied social and economic conditions before their arrival in Valence. My contribution will also attempt to show the different school careers they made in French schools. As soon as the first arrived, children were sent to primary school and had varied school careers, even if labor remained a priority at the end of their compulsory education. The school careers in the two main educational profiles- socially unequal- were not simple and many pupils had difficulties in completing their primary or secondary schooling. The French school welcomed these foreign pupils and the acquisition of the French language was the most important issue. Other pupils had outstanding courses. Affected by the local socio-economic circumstances, the Armenian families made choices for their children. For some of them, school had to promote the learning of a trade, as skilled labourers, technicians or office workers. Others expected their children to continue the family business. Compulsory schooling promoted the acquisition of the French language but also increased the qualification levels. The Armenians wanted a future for their children and resigned themselves to the choices of their parents. After their teenage years, their professions changed and the families’ destinies advanced with new career opportunities
Shelig, Adel. "La relation entre l'enseignement supérieur et la mobilité sociale dans la communauté rurale en Libye (cas de la municipalité Haraba)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3001/document.
Full textThis study focuses mainly on research into the role of higher education in social mobility for the benefit of the third generation, compared to the two previous generations. The qualitative and quantitative survey was carried out with 18 to 32 year-olds from the municipality of Haraba situated in a rural area of Western Libya. Indeed, the study focused on the occupational variations that have taken place in Libyan society, particularly in the study area, by comparing the educational levels and occupational diversity of three generations successively
QUINSON, François. "QUITTER LA CLASSE : La mobilité professionnelle en cours de carrière des enseignants du premier degré, épreuve cruciale individuelle et analyseur du groupe professionnel." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007848.
Full textViger, Marlène. "L'utilisation des couleurs vives ou du contraste noir/blanc : impact sur les activités de la vie quotidienne chez les adultes présentant une atteinte du champ visuel périphérique et central." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23689/23689.pdf.
Full textThis master's thesis examines the question of how to maximize the potential vision of individuals with a visual impairment, by modifying their environment. Objectives were to document the time taken to complete daily tasks for individuals with a loss of peripheral vision (retinitis pigmentosa/RP) and with a loss of the central field of vision (macular degeneration/MD) by colouring the environment and, by providing a black and white environment. Two groups (15 RP and 15 MD) carried out nine everyday tasks in three environments (not adapted; black and white; coloured). Both groups took significantly longer to carry out these tasks, compared to the sighted, irrespective of the environment. However, the participants with RP were faster in the coloured environment compared to the other two environments. These results may allow the clinicians to better justify their choice of presentation environment when adapting activities for their clients.
Ben, Hafsia Khaoula. "Identification des micro-mécanismes de déformation du PET amorphe et semi-cristallin in situ au cours d’un essai mécanique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0081/document.
Full textAccording to their formulations and forming processes and thanks to the complexity of their induced microstructure, thermoplastic polymers show a wide range of thermomechanical properties. However, the identification of the evolution of the microstructure of these materials during their use remains difficult. To better understand the microstructural changes occurring during thermomechanical loadings, various in situ and non-destructive techniques of characterization have been used. In this context, a Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) amorphous and semi-crystalline was studied in order to highlight the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic properties of the material. This way, different coupling systems combining several experimental characterization techniques have been implemented such as Raman spectroscopy and X-rays diffraction/scattering coupled to the VidéoTraction™ system or Raman spectroscopy coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the characterization of the deformation micro-mechanisms and the thermal behavior of the material respectively. Monitoring specific vibrational bands thoroughly identified allowed the establishment of a new robust criterion which enables to accurately measure the crystallinity ratio of the material and the identification of the characteristic temperatures of its morphology (Tg, Tc, Tcc, Tm). In addition, a relaxational characterization system by coupling dynamic dielectric spectroscopy to a tensile test has been used in order to highlight the effect of molecular mobility on the elasto-visco-plastic deformation of PET. From a mechanical point of view, the main deformation micro-mechanisms have been studied in real time during a tensile test at different temperatures and constant true strain rates: macromolecular orientation, volume damage, development of mesophase and strain induced crystallization were observed and quantified in situ using the coupled characterization technics presented previously at Petra III (Hambourg) and Elettra (Trieste) synchrotrons. In parallel, a study of the molecular mobility (a determining parameter for the predominance of one deformation micromechanism to another) was conducted via relaxational analysis performed during the deformation of the material. In addition to in situ experiments, post mortem analysis by the previously mentioned technics and by X radiography, scanning electron microscopy and X tomography were performed to assess the influence of the mechanical relaxation of the polymer
Podvin, Jean-Louis. "Composition, position et orientation du mobilier funéraire dans les tombes égyptiennes privées du Moyen Empire à la Basse Epoque." Lille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL30024.
Full textBoutorabi, Tahereh. "L'Accès des jeunes filles à l'université en Iran et leur orientation essai sur la mobilité sociale des femmes iraniennes /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376033765.
Full textPoussel, Mathias Heid Jean-Marie. "Certificat médical de non contre-indication à la pratique sportive par le médecin généraliste évaluation de fiches d'aide à la consultation dans une population de 73 enfants et 56 adultes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2008_POUSSEL_MATHIAS.pdf.
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