Academic literature on the topic 'ORIENTATION METAPHORS'
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Journal articles on the topic "ORIENTATION METAPHORS"
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Taha Mohamed, Mohamed. "Is up always good and down always bad?" Pragmatics and Cognition 25, no. 2 (2018): 203–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.18006.tah.
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Abstract The current study investigates Arabic orientational metaphors in Modern Standard Arabic. Specifically, it is a corpus-based study that tries to retrieve conceptual orientational metaphors of up-down, front-back, right-left, and central-peripheral spatial orientation. The study assumes that every orientation can be described using a set of different lexemes, and these lexemes express different linguistic orientational metaphors with different levels of usage frequency. It is hypothesized that studying the relationships between these lexemes, their etymologies, and frequency can provide a detailed, integrative account of metaphorical aspects and conceptual systems related to each spatial orientation. A bottom-up methodology to identify metaphorical usages of spatial lexemes was applied to the Stanford Arabic Corpus. The results list the spatial linguistic metaphors comprising conceptual metaphors and show for each orientation that mapping orientations onto conceptual metaphors is a complicated process, which integrates linguistic and cognitive levels. The cognitive-perceptual and cultural implications of these findings are discussed.
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Hamilton, Jonnette Watson. "Metaphors of Lawyers' Professionalism." Alberta Law Review 33, no. 4 (1995): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1121.
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This article examines three common metaphors in several professional codes of legal conduct and supporting documents. The metaphors are the "metaphoric networks" based on the military, gentility and Christianity. Numerous examples of all three metaphoric networks are given. Metaphors are non-arbitrary. The three metaphoric networks examined here are consistent with one of the most common orientation metaphors in the English language, the metaphor expressing relationships in bodily terms of "up" and "down." These metaphoric networks evoke a hierarchy of society based on a strictly male, ethnocentric British-Canadian world. The lawyer reading the codes of conduct that contain these metaphors would see the image of the lawyer created according to the lawyer's own inclusion within or exclusion from that ideal. Also, this social elitism may contribute to the public's lack of respect for the legal profession.
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Portuese, Ludovico. "Under His Majesty’s Protection." Eikon / Imago 9 (July 3, 2020): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.73350.
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In Orientational Conceptual Metaphor, a system of ideas is organized in the relation and interaction in space like up-down, in-out, front-back, on-off, deep-shallow, central-peripheral. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) called this group of metaphors “Orientational,” because they give a concept a spatial orientation: in the example, “happy is up,” the concept happy is oriented up leading to English expressions like “I’m feeling up today.” Such metaphorical orientations have a basis in our physical and cultural experience, thus they vary from culture to culture. Drawing on this theoretical and methodological framework, this paper argues for the existence of Orientational Metaphors in Neo-Assyrian sources, which are largely attested in textual and visual references concerning the relationships between king and subjects.
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Reza, Muhammad. "Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1888.
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This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.
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Połowniak-Wawrzonek, Dorota. "Metaphor in Cognitive Approach." Respectus Philologicus 26, no. 31 (2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2014.26.31.13.
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The article presents issues relevant to the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The researchers suggest that metaphors are common. They are rooted in the experience, important in the perception of the world, thinking, acting, as revealed in the language. The metaphor of language is a reflection of a conceptual metaphor. Lakoff and Johnson point out that the metaphor of language occurs in the texts of various types, from the colloquial language to the specialist language. A metaphor carries out two important functions: explaining and facilitating understanding. It enables a partial understanding of some kind of experience in terms of another type of beings and experiences. Some issues such as the concept of love, metaphysical issues, become possible to understand only through metaphor. Thus, the thesis, which treats about necessity of metaphor, is significant. In the process of metaphorical cognition, there is a projection, which takes the source domain to the target domain. A thesis about invariant is important here. Metaphorical mapping is partial. At the root metaphor is structural similarity between domains or their correlations in our experience. Conceptual metaphors can create complex structural relationships. In the case of metaphor the thesis of one-way metaphorical mappings is as important as the thesis about her creative potential. Prominent semantics of conceptual metaphor cannot give full meaning in the literal paraphrase. Among the conceptual metaphors structural metaphors, orientation and ontological metaphors are characterized.
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Miranda, Maíra Avelar, and Paulo Henrique Aguiar Mendes. "THE ROLE OF GESTURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIMODAL METAPHORS: analysis of a political-electoral debate." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 15, no. 2 (2015): 343–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-639820156105.
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This paper intends to analyze the role of gestures in the construction of multimodal metaphors in the "political-electoral debate" genre. Theoretically, we considered that metaphoric gestures can be analyzed as expressions of conceptual metaphors. We mainly approached and illustrated the importance of spatial orientation in the emergence of the metaphors in the political discourse. Methodologically, we have selected four sequences of a second-tour debate. Starting from the operational concept of gesture excursion, we specifically observed the multimodal metaphoricity in speech and gesture compounds. After analyzing the metaphors found in the debate sequences, we established a continuumbetween metaphors of a conventional nature and those of a new nature. We also tried to establish a comparative relation between the metaphors used by the two candidates, Dilma Rousseff (from the Labor Party) and José Serra (from the Social Democratic Party).
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Rachmawati, Dita. "Metafora Tangan dalam Idiom Bahasa Jepang Berdasarkan Teori Metafora Konseptual." LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 15, no. 1 (2019): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/lite.v15i1.2393.
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This thesis is a conceptual metaphor research which analyse the element te ‘hand’ in the Japanese idioms. The purpose of this research is to know the te 'hands' image scheme in Japanese idioms and analyze it based on the conceptual metaphors. The data source in this research were taken from the dictionary of idiom “iitai naiyou kara gyakuhiki dekiru reikai kanyouku jiten†by Inoue Muneo. The amount of the data found and analysed were 59 and the amount of data presented were 15. The results of data analysis describe the idiom with the main element of the hand are filled with metaphorical expressions because the hand is the most used body part for activities. The results of the analysis also show eight concepts of hand, which are : HAND as ACTIVITIES/JOB, POSSESSION, LINK, ATTITUDE, TACTICS, CAPABILITY/SKILLS, SUPPORT, and EXPERTISE.To understand the concept of hand, it is useful to not only use ontological metaphors analysis, but in terms of the hand that has a spatial orientation, it must be analyse with orientational metaphors.
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Yu, Yating, and Dennis Tay. "A mixed-method analysis of image-schematic metaphors in describing anger, anxiety, and depression." Metaphor in Mental Healthcare 10, no. 2 (2020): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.00006.yu.
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Abstract The importance of metaphor in psychotherapy and counseling has been shown by a growing number of studies. Image-schematic metaphors, which derive from experience of sensory processes and space, are potential resources for conceptualizing major themes like anger, anxiety, and depression in therapeutic discourse. To test the potential correlation between image-schematic metaphors and the themes of anger, anxiety, and depression, this study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating corpus linguistics techniques, discourse analysis, and statistical analysis, to examine a specialized corpus of therapeutic transcripts which contains approximately three million words. The findings show that containment, force, path, and vertical orientation are the most frequent types of image-schematic metaphors for describing the therapeutic themes of anger, anxiety, and depression in the corpus, and there is a significant correlation between the two variables (i.e., “types” and “themes”). This study has implications for how image-schematic metaphors can be used to facilitate the descriptions of anger, anxiety, and depression in therapeutic conversations.
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Trčková, Dita. "Representations of Ebola and its victims in liberal American newspapers." Topics in Linguistics 16, no. 1 (2015): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2015-0009.
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Abstract Combining critical discourse analysis and the cognitive theory of metaphor, the study analyses hard news on Ebola from two American newspapers of a liberal political orientation, The New York Times and The New York Daily News, to investigate metaphoric representations of the disease and portrayals of its victims. It is revealed that both newspapers heavily rely on a single conceptual metaphor of EBOLA AS WAR, with only two alternative metaphors of EBOLA AS AN ANIMATE/HUMAN BEING and EBOLA AS A NATURAL CATASTROPHE employed. All three metaphoric themes assign the role of a culprit solely to the virus, which stands in contrast to non-metaphoric discursive allocations of blame for the situation in Africa, assigning responsibility mainly to man-made factors. African victims tend to be impersonalized and portrayed as voiceless and agentless, rarely occupying the role of a “fighter” in the military metaphoric representation of the disease, which runs counter to the findings of recent studies detecting a change towards a more positive image of Africa in the media. Both newspapers fail to represent infected ordinary Africans as sovereign agents, hindering readers from reflexively identifying with them.
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Gonçalves, Oscar F., and Michael H. Craine. "The Use of Metaphors in Cognitive Therapy." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 4, no. 2 (1990): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.4.2.135.
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Recently, cognitive approaches to therapy have been facing an increasingly constructivist orientation, in which persons are viewed as actively constructing their own reality from their deep/tacit/unconscious knowledge representation. This paper begins with the presentation of the main assumptions of the constructive movement in cognitive therapy on the nature and change of cognitive representations. It is asserted that at the deep/tacit/unconscious levels, knowledge is represented in analogical and metaphorical ways. The use of metaphors is suggested as a therapeutic tool to access and change tacit/unconscious levels of cognitive representation. A cognitive adaptation of the multiple-embedded-metaphor strategy is presented and illustrated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ORIENTATION METAPHORS"
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Киреева, А. А., та A. A. Kireeva. "Когнитивная метафора в дипломатическом дискурсе (на примере речи Марии Захаровой) : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/94626.
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Выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена изучению когнитивных метафор в дипломатическом дискурсе. Данный феномен рассматривается на примере речи официального представителя Министерства Иностранных Дел Российской Федерации Марии Захаровой. Теоретическая глава содержит описание дипломатического дискурса как феномена, смежного с другими дискурсами (политическим, масс-медийным, военным, юридическим), а также перечисление лингвистических особенностей дипломатических текстов. Автором также представлены основные положения теории концептуальной метафоры. В практической части исследование проведен лингвокогнитивный анализ метафор в речи российского дипломата Марии Захаровой. Выделены разные типы социоморфных, ориентационных, антропоморфных, артефактных метафор, которые получают когнитивную и лингвоаксиологическую интерпретацию. Выявлены наиболее частотные метафорические модели (метафоры искусства, войны, пути).<br>The final qualifying work is devoted to the study of cognitive metaphors in diplomatic discourse. This phenomenon is considered on the example of the speech of the official representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Maria Zakharova. The theoretical chapter contains a description of diplomatic discourse as a phenomenon related to other discourses (political, mass media, military, legal), as well as a list of linguistic features of diplomatic texts. The author also presents the main provisions of the theory of conceptual metaphor. A linguocognitive analysis of metaphors in the speech of Russian diplomat Maria Zakharova was conducted in the practical part of the study. Different types of sociomorphic, orientational, anthropomorphic, and artifact metaphors are identified. They receive cognitive and linguo-axiological interpretation. The most frequent metaphorical model revealed (metaphors of the art, metaphors of war, metaphors of the way).
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Schultz, Malin. "Metaphor and metonymy : A study of figurative language in newspapers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16864.
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Rydblom, Oskar. "Onomatopoeic phrasal verbs : A corpus study of their meanings and usage in American English." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6360.
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<p>This study examines how the meanings of onomatopoeic phrasal verbs are created and in which register these verbs are most frequently used. Through the study of previous research on the subject qualities of onomatopoeia and phrasal verbs are identified. Based on this a framework for identifying phrasal verbs and categorizing the meanings of onomatopoeic verbs and particles was created. Using the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), a study of concordance lines and frequency in different registers was carried out on 50 onomatopoeic phrasal verbs. These verbs were constructed from ten mono-syllabic onomatopoeic verbs and three opposite pairs of spatial adverbs. The study found that several metaphorical meanings of the onomatopoeic verbs examined were not listed in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The meanings of the particles were strongly linked to metaphorical structures.The conclusion of this study was that onomatopoeic verbs possess a flexibility that allows them to create a variety of different meanings. Furthermore, the types of meaning can be categorized after a pattern, although this pattern is often not found in the dictionary. The onomatopoeic phrasal verbs studied were most frequent in the fiction register, more so than other phrasal verbs. Understanding of the metaphorical nature of particles such as up and down is imperative to understand how the meaning of a phrasal verb is created. This should be taken into consideration when teaching English as a second language or creating a dictionary.</p>
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Drūlienė, Viltė. "Erdvinės metaforos Daiktavardinių frazių žodyne." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080804_095924-67945.
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Šiame magistro darbe analizuojamos erdvinės metaforos iš Daiktavardinių frazių žodyno. Jame užfiksuoti statistiniu metodu iš Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno atrinkti tipiškiausi žodžių junginiai (arba kolokacijos) ir frazės, kuriose pavartotas bent vienas daiktavardis. Laikomasi nuostatos, kad abstrakčiųjų daiktavardžių kolokacijos yra kalbinių metaforų išraiška. Teorinėje darbo dalyje aptariamos plačios ir įvairialypės kolokacijos ir metaforos sąvokos. Čia kalbinė metafora arba metaforinis pasakymas suprantamas kaip kognityviosios kalbotyros šalininkų aprašomos žmogaus sąmonėje egzistuojančios konceptualiosios metaforos kalbinė išraiška.
Pasirinktos erdvinės metaforos – tai tos, kurių žodinėje rai�����koje randama įvairių erdvės elementų įvardijimų. Išsamesnei analizei darbo objektas susiaurintas iki vertikaliųjų metaforų, kuriomis metaforizuojamas objektas (reiškinys) projektuojama vertikalėje. Aprašius atrankos kriterijus ir problemas, sudarytas vertikaliųjų metaforų ir susijusių frazeologizmų sąrašas, tada junginiai suskirstyti į semantines grupes pagal nurodomą vietą vertikalėje ar judėjimą kuria nors jos kryptimi. Aptartos tipiškiausios kiekvienos grupės kolokacijos, sutelkiant dėmesį į vertikalumą žyminčius žodžius ir metaforizuojamus objektus išreiškiančius kolokatus.
Apibendrinus dažniausias kolokacijas, duomenys sisteminti, nustatytos ryškiausios konceptualiosios metaforos, kurios rodo analizuotos lietuvių kalbos vartotojų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Present research paper deals with the specific group of conceptual metaphors, derived from the Dictionary of Lithuanian Nominal Phrases. The dictionary is compiled from collocations, automatically extracted from the Corpus of Present Day Lithuanian Language. All collocations contain at least one noun. The dictionary is a suitable source for the extraction of metaphors since it contains a lot of abstract noun collocations that in most cases are metaphorical.
The paper presents theoretical approaches towards both issues under analysis, i.e. metaphors and collocations. The specific object of investigation, however, is conceptual, or dead, metaphor. It is defined here as a linguistic expression of a conceptual model of a world view. Following the cognitive approach it is assumed that human conceptual system, comprising cognition, language and memory, is metaphorical in nature.
The metaphors under investigation contain nominations space or spacial elements in their linguistic expressions in general and specifically those, that deal with vertical scale and motion along a vertical dimension. After describing the identification criteria and procedures, the outcome of analysis is presented, i.e. the list of metaphorical phrases and idioms that are further subdivided according to the spacial dimensions, specifically the place or direction in the vertical scale. The most typical collocations of every group are discussed paying attention to the semantics of verticality.
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Roa, Rodríguez Rodrigo. "Tiling heuristics and evaluation metrics for treemaps with a target node aspect ratio." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211512.
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Treemaps are a popular space-filling visualization of hierarchical data that maps an attribute of a datum, or a data aggregate, to a proportional amount of area. Assuming a rectangular treemap consisting of nested rectangles (also called tiles), there are multiple possible valid tiling arrangements. A common criterion for optimization is aspect ratio. Nevertheless, treemaps usually consist of multiple rectangles, so the aspect ratios need be aggregated. The basic definition of aspect ratio (width divided by height) cannot be meaningfully aggregated. Given this, a definition of aspect ratio that does not differentiate height from width was suggested. This definition allows for meaningful aggregation, but only as long as there are no large differences in the data distribution, and the target aspect ratio is 1:1. Originally, a target aspect ratio of 1:1 was deemed to be axiomatically ideal. Currently, perceptual studies have found an aspect ratio of 1:1 to lead to the largest area estimation error. However, with any other target this definition of aspect ratio cannot be meaningfully aggregated. This thesis suggests a correction that can be applied to the current metric and would allow it to be meaningfully aggregated even when there are large value differences in the data. Furthermore, both the uncorrected and corrected metrics can be generalized for any target (i.e. targets other than 1:1). Another issue with current evaluation techniques is that algorithm fitness is evaluated through Monte Carlo trials. In this method, synthetic data is generated and then aggregated to generate a single final result. However, tiling algorithm performance is dependant on data distribution, so a single aggregateresult cannot generalize overall performance. The alternative suggested in this thesis is visual cluster analysis, which should hold more general predictive power.All of the above is put into practice with an experiment. In the experiment, a new family of tiling algorithms, based on criteria derived from the results of the perceptual tests in literature,is compared to the most popular tiling algorithm, Squarify. The results confirm that there are indeed vast but consistent value fluctuations for different normal distributions. At least for a target aspect ratio of 1.5, the new proposed algorithms are shown to perform better than Squarify for most use cases in terms of aspect ratio.
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Brunet, Lucie. "Etude ergonomique de la modalité haptique comme soutien à l’activité de déplacement piéton urbain : un projet de conception de produit innovant." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA113009/document.
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Qu’ils soient voyageurs occasionnels ou réguliers, les piétons se déplaçant en environnement urbain et en transport en commun ont à faire face à la complexité du réseau de transport des grandes villes. Les aides au déplacement sont nombreuses et variées. Elles peuvent être fixes (par exemple, panneaux de signalisation) ou mobiles (par exemple, applications sur smartphone). Ces aides utilisent principalement la modalité sensorielle visuelle, déjà fortement sollicitée lors d’un déplacement urbain. Une alternative intéressante serait d’utiliser l’haptique (sens du toucher). En effet, cette modalité permet de transmettre au porteur d’un dispositif haptique des informations de déplacement et de navigation, en attirant discrètement son attention par des messages délivrés tactilement.S’inscrivant dans une démarche d’ergonomie prospective, cette thèse vise à étudier l’apport de la modalité haptique comme soutien à l’activité de déplacement piéton urbain. L’objectif appliqué est la conception d’un dispositif haptique d’aide au déplacement innovant, efficace et accepté par les utilisateurs futurs. Ce projet de conception s’est déroulé dans le cadre du projet ANR Tictact, mené par le CEA-LIST de 2011 à 2014. L’utilisation de la modalité haptique étant posée comme un parti pris initial, l’objectif du projet était de déterminer la forme que devrait prendre l’assistance aux usagers et la technologie de l’outil d’aide.Pour répondre à ce défi, nous avons mis en œuvre trois études successives. La première visait à comprendre les activités cognitives élémentaires mobilisées pour consulter les supports d’informations nécessaires à la navigation piétonne. Pour cela, nous avons analysé le comportement d’un piéton effectuant un trajet urbain (en métro et à pied). Les résultats nous ont permis de spécifier les fonctions d’aide que devrait remplir un futur dispositif d’aide au déplacement. Complétées par une revue de la littérature sur les interfaces haptiques et leur utilisation pour l’aide au déplacement, ces résultats nous ont conduits à déterminer les fonctions éligibles à la modalité haptique. La seconde étude visait à concevoir l’interaction haptique avec le dispositif d’aide, en deux étapes : élaborer le concept d’interface et concevoir le langage d’interaction. Une démarche de conception participative a été mise en œuvre, étayée par l’utilisation d’un prototype et de méthodes créatives. Cette démarche a abouti à : (i) identifier un message informationnel approprié à chaque fonction de déplacement ; (ii) traduire ce message (par analogie) en métaphore ; (iii) transformer chaque métaphore en motifs vibratoires délivrés par un bracelet haptique. La troisième étude visait à évaluer le dispositif haptique (bracelet couplé à un Smartphone) en environnement réel. Une analyse d’activité de déplacement urbain a été menée, comparant un groupe disposant de notre prototype haptique d’aide à un groupe sans prototype. Les résultats confirment la potentialité de la modalité haptique pour améliorer les performances de déplacement et notamment une allure de déplacement plus fluide et une diminution du temps de consultation d’un support d’information. Notre étude ouvre des perspectives pour l’utilisation de la modalité haptique dans diverses interfaces mobiles (par exemple une smartwatch)<br>Whether they are occasional or regular travellers, the pedestrians travelling in an urban environment and using public transportation have to face the complexity of the transportation network of large cities. The travelling aids are numerous and varied. They can be stationary or mobile (for example, applications on smartphones). These aids rely mainly on the visual sensory modality, already heavily requested during urban travel. An interesting alternative would be to use haptics (sense of touch). Indeed, this modality enables to convey travel and navigational information to the owner of a haptic device, by drawing discreetly his attention with tactile messages. Joining an approach of prospective ergonomics, this thesis aims to study the contribution of the haptic modality as a support for the activity of urban pedestrian travel. The applied objective is the design of a haptic device as an innovative travel aid, effective and accepted by the future users. This design project took place within the framework of the ANR project Tictact, led by the CEA-LIST from 2011 till 2014. The use of the haptic modality being put as an initial bias, the objective of the project was to determine the form that the assistance and the technology of the travel aid should take.To tackle this challenge, we conducted three successive studies. The first one, aimed at understanding the elementary cognitive activities mobilized when consulting information necessary to the pedestrian navigation. For that purpose, we analysed the behaviour of a pedestrian undertaking an urban travel (in the subway and on foot). The results allowed us to specify the functions that a future device assisting in the travel should include. Completed by a review of the literature on haptic interfaces and their use for assisting travel, these results led us to determine the eligible functions of the haptic modality.The second study aimed at designing the haptic interaction with the haptic interface, in two stages: first develop the concept of the interface and second design the interaction language. An approach of participative design was implemented, supported by the use of a device prototype and creative methods. This approach succeeded in: i) identifying an informative message suitable for each function of the travel; ii) translating this message (using an analogy) into a metaphor; and iii) transforming every metaphor into vibrotactile patterns delivered by a haptic wristband.The third study aimed at evaluating the haptic device (a wristband coupled with a Smartphone) in a real environment. An analysis of the activity of urban travel was conducted, comparing a group having a prototype of our haptic assistant to a group without such prototype. The results confirm the potentiality of the haptic modality to improve the travel performance in particular to enable a more fluid speed of travel and a decrease in the consultation time of an information medium. Our study opens up perspectives for the use of the haptic modality in diverse mobile interfaces (for example a smartwatch)
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Wu, Cho-Yin, and 吳卓穎. "A Study of Using Orientation Expressions as Metaphors for Time." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36639525619492013171.
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碩士<br>國立屏東教育大學<br>華語文教學碩士學位學程<br>102<br>The concept of time is metaphorically expressed through spatial orientation to recognition. Time expressions come from the concept of space to express the time in most of the languages. In this paper, firstly, there is a discussion about the meaning and function of metaphor based on the category of metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Then, the classification of space system in Chinese (Qi, 1998) and the time pattern (Lan, 2005) are discussed. Finally, the metaphorical mode of time and space is expounded. The metaphorical relationship among Chinese time expressions is divided into horizontal and vertical space. As to the horizontal, “qián/hòu” and “zuŏ/yòu” are the metaphors discussed; while the “shàng/xià” discussed in vertical space. The follow findings were identified. “qián-tiān” and “qián-nián” refer to the past. However, “qián-jĭng” and “qián-chéng” mean the future. As a result, “qián” may metaphorically refer to the past and the future as well. “hòu-tiān”, “hòu-nián”, “hòu-shi”, and “hòu-xù” indicate the future time, unless the word “hòu” is after an event. As for “zuŏ/yòu”, it needs to be combined with other words. It refers to a rough estimation of time or quantity. “shàng-zhōu”, “shàng-cì”, and “shàng-yì-chăng” mean the past or earlier time. The word xià in “xià-lĭ-bài”, “xià-húi”, and “xià-bàn-chăng” indicate the future or later time. Namely, “shàng” metaphorically means the past, while “xià” means the future.
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He, Yi. "Verbalizing or visualizing metaphors? The moderating effects of processing mode and temporal orientation." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20648.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.<br>Metaphors are extensively used in interactive healthcare communications. Although the superiority of metaphors over literal messages is usually explained by enhanced elaboration, little is understood with regard to whether metaphors invite readers to mentally visualize healthcare messages. It also remains unknown if different metaphor formats (abstract versus concrete) activate different processing mechanisms. In addition, there has been no attempt to examine the combination of metaphors and other healthcare communication strategies.<br>This dissertation contributes to this body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive framework focused on two different metaphor formats (abstract versus concrete). In a series of studies, this dissertation demonstrates that concrete metaphors, when compared with abstract metaphors, are usually processed via higher imagery processing. As a result, concrete metaphors are often more effective than abstract metaphors. However, abstract metaphors are more effective in encouraging behavioral persistence. In addition, congruency between metaphor format and processing instructions/temporal orientation priming enhances message effectiveness. After a certain period of time, the effect of congruency between metaphor format and temporal orientation priming fades away for risk perception, but it remains fairly strong for behavioral intention. This dissertation contributes to the theory of metaphors and has important marketing research and managerial implications.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-138).<br>Also available by subscription via World Wide Web<br>144 leaves, bound 29 cm
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Crespy, Scott D. "Loss or transformation : metaphors for termination and the role of therapist orientation, and loss history /." Diss., 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9995549.
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Walker, Trevor Scott. "Water ways: exploring water through metaphoric imagery, discussion and action." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/53.
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This case study was unique in its focus on an environmental education curriculum for older adults. It followed from previous studies in exploring the instructional and research potential of metaphor and environmental orientation. Environmental orientations towards water were examined among a group of retirees before, during and after a workshop which incorporated instructional metaphor as a teaching strategy.
The study demonstrated that, at least for some participants, the use of metaphor from a variety of orientations has the potential to increase participants’ appreciation of alternative ways of relating to the environment. Overall, the use of metaphor appears to have contributed positively to most participants’ understanding of water issues. As an educational tool instructional metaphor was useful in group discussion as a catalyst for conversation about how participants view, understand and relate to water. As a research technique metaphoric interviewing was useful to help draw out the accumulated knowledge and experiences of older adults.
Books on the topic "ORIENTATION METAPHORS"
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Gannon, Martin J. Cultural Metaphors: Readings, Research Translations, and Commentary. Sage Publications, Inc, 2000.
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Cultural Metaphors: Readings, Research Translations, and Commentary. Sage Publications, Inc, 2000.
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Giles, Howard, and Jake Harwood, eds. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190454524.001.0001.
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Over 80 entriesThe Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication is the first dedicated to this burgeoning field within communication studies. The essays in this collection explore geographic regions, communication processes, theories, and applied areas of interest, all pertaining to how human communication processes are influenced by, and themselves influence, the groups to which we all belong. The project brings together, in an authoritative work, research, theory, and application on well-established, as well as newly explored intergroup communication situations. The new perspectives not covered in earlier works include: • how word order affects social status • how metaphors shape intergroup relations • how sexual orientation is communicated • how interpersonal and intergroup communication intersect • what neuroscience contributes to intergroup communication • and how intergroup communication operates in previously unacknowledged settings such as the military or in the political arena.Given that the “intergroup umbrella” essentially integrates and transcends many of the traditional conceptual boundaries in communication (such as media, health, intercultural, organizational and so forth), the Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication provides an intriguing window on to the communicative world of intergroup relations so integral to other social sciences. The encyclopedia will be an essential reference for anyone interested in intergroup communication issues, and particularly research scholars and graduate students.
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Brown, Michael P. Closet Space: Geographies of Metaphor from the Body to the Globe (Critical Geographies). Routledge, 2000.
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Brown, Michael P. Closet Space: Geographies of Metaphor from the Body to the Globe (Critical Geographies). Routledge, 2000.
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Shea, C. Michael. Ecclesiology. Edited by Frederick D. Aquino and Benjamin J. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718284.013.16.
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John Henry Newman never wrote a treatise on the Church, yet ecclesiology functions like a vanishing point towards which nearly every line of his thought can be traced. It is with an orientation to the Church that Newman elaborated his conceptions of the sacraments, revelation, history, tradition, doctrinal development, and ecclesiastical offices, in addition to more abstract notions such as faith, assent, religious epistemology, and conscience. The metaphor can be taken even further. For not only does the Church enjoy an orienting presence across most developed subjects in Newman’s corpus, but like a vanishing point, the Church’s configuration can appear in remarkably diverse ways depending upon the arrangement of more proximate subjects that Newman’s various writings held in view. The vanishing point is also more than a metaphor, because at the heart of his ecclesiology is a missing document from 1847. This chapter consider’s Newman’s his developing notion of the Church as a dynamic and polycentric communion of believers.
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Roulin, Jean-Marie. François-René de Chateaubriand. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.3.
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Chateaubriand’s seminal debate with de Staël at the dawn of the nineteenth century around perceptions of literary history and the orientations of modern literature was largely focused on what aspects of this Enlightenment legacy should be retained or rejected. A contemporary of Germaine de Staël and Benjamin Constant, Chateaubriand was marked, like them, by the experience of the French Revolution. This sets him apart from the Romantics of the ‘battle ofHernani’ (1830), for whom the Revolution was a pre-existing narrative. For Chateaubriand’s generation the Revolution was crucial, posing ontological, political, and metaphysical questions—how could that ‘river of blood’ be crossed, to borrow one of his recurrent metaphors? What should the new literature be like, and for what type of society in revolutionized France? Chateaubriand’s Romanticism was first of all an answer to these questions, an elegiac adieu to a past forever lost and an uneasy questioning of the future.
Book chapters on the topic "ORIENTATION METAPHORS"
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Baranyiné Kóczy, Judit. "Orientational Metaphors." In Cultural Linguistics. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5753-3_7.
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Fedriani, Chiara. "Ontological and orientational metaphors in Latin." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.174.05fed.
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Coffin, Jack. "Plateaus and Afterglows: Theorizing the Afterlives of Gayborhoods as Post-Places." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_16.
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AbstractA number of commentators have acknowledged the decline of gayborhoods and the concomitant emergence of non-heteronormative diasporas in societies where sexual and gender diversity is normalized (Ghaziani 2015; Nash and Gorman-Murray 2017; Bitterman 2020). Academic studies tend to focus on the new lives that are being led beyond the gayborhood and the diminished distinctiveness of the territories left behind (e.g. Ghaziani 2014). In contrast, this chapter explores the possibility that gayborhoods can continue to influence sociospatial dynamics, even after their physical presence has diminished or disappeared altogether. Individuals and collectives may still be inspired by the memories, representations, and imaginaries previously provided by these erstwhile places. Indeed, the metaphor of a non-heteronormative diaspora relies on an ‘origin’ from which a cultural network has dispersed. In this sense gayborhoods can continue to function as post-places, as symbolic anchors of identity that operate even if they no longer exist in a material form, even if they are used simply as markers of ‘how far the diaspora has come’. The proposition that gayborhoods are becoming post-places could be more fully theorized in a number of ways, but the approach here is to adapt Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987: 22) notion of plateaus, which denote a “region of intensities whose development avoids any orientation towards a culmination point or external end”. From this perspective gayborhoods are not spatial phenomena that reach a climax of concentration and then disappear through dissipation. Instead, they can be described as becoming more intense and concrete in the latter half of the twentieth century before gradually fading after the new millennium as they disperse gradually into a diaspora as memories, habits, and so forth. Put another way, non-climactic gayborhoods leave ‘afterglows’, affects that continue to exert geographical effects in the present and near future. This conceptualization is consequential for theory, practice, and political activism, and ends the main body of this edited volume on a more ambitious note.
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Kluge, Alexander. "What Is a Metaphor?" In Difference and Orientation, edited by Richard Langston. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the dialogue between Rainer Stollmann and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about the power and importance of metaphors. Kluge explains that a metaphor is the creation of a web of ideas. He says that Karl Marx's description of primitive accumulation is one of these webs. That is why Marx let English history serve as his example, even though primitive accumulation assumes a different form in every country, which he also acknowledges. Kluge then argues that one needs to dissolve historically specific metaphors. The creation of metaphors is not an end in itself. Their brevity lasts in the time immediately after they evolve. In later eras, they provide a foil or commentary. Ultimately, metaphors do not reflect observations, but instead provoke questions.
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El Refaie, Elisabeth. "A Tripartite Taxonomy of Visual Metaphor in Graphic Illness Narratives." In Visual Metaphor and Embodiment in Graphic Illness Narratives. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678173.003.0004.
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This chapter uses the analysis of 35 graphic illness narratives to identify the various forms that visual metaphor may take in this genre. A novel tripartite classification system that distinguishes between pictorial, spatial, and stylistic metaphors is proposed. Pictorial metaphors, which use images of concrete animate or inanimate objects to stand for something else, have received a lot of scholarly attention in recent years, but this study offers the first systematic description of the other two types of visual metaphor. Spatial metaphors exploit the relative size, arrangement, and orientation of elements on the page to convey more abstract meanings, whereas in the case of stylistic metaphors, features such as color, shape, level of detail, and quality of line are used to indicate an abstract concept or a nonvisual sense perception. These three categories can be further subdivided, and in many instances several distinct types of metaphor are used in combination.
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Blumenberg, Hans. "Speech Situation and Immanent Poetics." In History, Metaphors, Fables. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501732829.003.0018.
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This chapter looks at Hans Blumenberg's “Speech Situation and Immanent Poetics” (1966), which focuses on poetic language. The three basic ideas of the relationship between language and thought should help one gain a certain orientation to determine the function of poetic language. After all, an immanent poetics will by necessity depend on examining the function of a work's language. The explication of the immanent poetics of a work will therefore depend on asking the “right” questions with regard to this work's language. Of course, hints can be derived from the author's exogenous poetics, from his self-testimony and self-observation, if this is indeed what they are and not simply the “offshoot” of a normative theory of art. This methodical preliminary question deserves not to be passed over. Already the classification of a text by its author as “self-observation” during the process of aesthetic production expresses a certain aesthetic position. This position permits experience to provide relevant information about the process of a work's emergence.
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Koch, Natalia, and Natalia Vasylkova. "THE TEXT CONCEPT OF UKRAINE IN A METAPHORICAL VIEW (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NOVEL BY L. KOSTENKO “THE NOTES OF UKRAINIAN SAMASHEDSHYI (MADMAN)”." In Trends of philological education development in the context of European integration. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-069-8-7.
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The article is devoted to the study of cognitive mechanisms of actualization of the discursive topic UKRAINE in L. Kostenko 's fiction novel “The Notes of Ukrainian samashedshyi (madman)”. The interaction of conceptual metaphors, which represent the basic textual concept at a deep level, forms the original conceptual space of the work. The purpose of scientific research is to establish connections between structural, orientations and ontological metaphors of the novel, as well as to describe their semantic content, verbalized at the linguistic level. According to the topic, the object of research is a discursive topic (text concept), the subject – the means of verbalization of conceptual metaphors as its expression. The relevance of the publication theme is determined by the general tendency of linguoconceptology, aimed to the study of conceptual space of the author's literary text. The main method of research is a conceptual analysis applying of methodologies of interpretive, contextual and other types of analysis. In-text and out-of-text level connections, which are viewed by involving background contexts (historical-cultural, socio-cultural, situational, etc.), determine the discursive character of the literary text, in which the key text concept functions as a discursive topic. The metaphorical projection of the text concept UKRAINE is carried out in the context of the political picture of Ukrainian world during the “Orange” revolution. The concept UKRAINE is a structurally and contently complex mental unit of individual consciousness that represents interdependent components due to the author's choice of conceptual metaphor. Keeping the established meanings (state; country where Ukrainians live), the concept acquires specificity due to its rethinking in the mind of the writer, who has an original worldview of modern life in the context of globalization. In interpretation of the conceptual content of analyzed topic, it is important the authors’ assume about the theory of conceptual metaphor that a metaphor affects on the decision-making process of problem situation, in particular on the stage of identifying alternatives to solve the problem. The author's vision of such alternatives is manifested in the systematic use of certain types of metaphors. The emotional and pragmatic potentials of conceptual metaphors have a powerful influence on the reader’s mind. In the process of conceptual analysis the basic spheres of experience, related to the representation of the discursive topic UKRAINE were distinguished. Such spheres are represented by structural metaphors of war, morbid metaphor, game metaphor, etc. Productive metaphorical models of the novel are orientation metaphors, which are based on universal empirical experience and individual experience of the the mental language of ontological metaphors supplements the artistic and journalistic discourse. The author’s created a metaphorical model of Ukrainian reality at the beginning of the XXI century is a diffuse system of intersecting metaphorical projections, updated by the discursive topic. The perspectives for further study of metaphorical models of the Ukrainian writers’ works we see in the possibility of describing the specifics of the individual author's worldview in particular and the national picture of the world in general.
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Jamil, George Leal, and Werner Silveira. "Reflecting on the Orchestra Metaphor." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7265-7.ch003.
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This chapter discusses the potentialities and limitations of metaphors, as simulation techniques applied for decision-making businesses process. A special look is given to the orchestra metaphor, as it is possible to consider one of the most cited method for decades. Approaching orchestra formation definitions, a study of orchestra characteristics and peculiarities was conducted, resulting in an interesting inside view of the orchestra. A brief theoretical analysis about modelling techniques and its application in business process is also developed, allowing, at the end, to discuss how the orchestra metaphor can be applied in a useful way, encompassing several of the aspects we pointed in the text. This results as an orientation for the reader to understand how this specific technique – orchestra metaphor – can be effectively applied in decision-making processes of any level for organizations, escaping from mistakes usually committed when simple views for musical orchestras are adopted.
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Camasso, Michael J., and Radha Jagannathan. "Attitudes, Beliefs, Intentions, and Metaphors Over Time and in Place." In Caught in the Cultural Preference Net. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672782.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 provides the results from the descriptive and multivariate analyses of family member responses to attitude and belief questions regarding trust, redistributive justice, human capital investment, centrality of work, intentions to work, risk-taking, cooperative attitudes/intentions, and individual achievement. The importance of metaphorical meaning is also addressed. Employing ordinary least squares, binomial, and multinomial logit regressions, the authors find that trust, risk-taking, cooperative attitudes, and individual achievement are consequential in distinguishing families in Sweden, Italy, the United States, and India. They also find strong generational effects with millennials expressing significantly different attitudes and beliefs than those of their grandparents on redistributive justice, human capital investment, the centrality of work, risk-taking, and individual achievement. They find little evidence to support the utility of cultural metaphors, as defined by Gannon and associates, as an emic device to capture cultural value orientation.
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"7. What Is a Metaphor? (2016)." In Difference and Orientation, edited by Richard Langston. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501739224-011.
Full textConference papers on the topic "ORIENTATION METAPHORS"
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Katermina, Veronika, Irina Savchuk, Marziya Assylbekova, Bibigul Ospanova, Elena Potmenskaya, and Luiza Gishkaeva. "Structural and orientation metaphors in the simulation of social conflict discourse." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Man-Power-Law-Governance: Interdisciplinary Approaches (MPLG-IA 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mplg-ia-19.2019.19.
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Kreitler, Shulamith. "COMMUNICATION STYLE: THE MANY SHADES OF GRAY." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact004.
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"The major aspects of communication include the communicating individual, the addressee, and the style of communication which can be more objective or subjective. The present study examines the role of the communicator’s motivation and the identity of the addressee of the communication in regard to the style of communication. The motivation was assessed in terms of the cognitive orientation approach (Kreitler & Kreitler) which assumes that motivation is a function of beliefs that may not be completely conscious. The motivation to communicate may be oriented towards sharing and self disclosure or towards withdrawal and distancing oneself from others. The style of communication was assessed in terms of the Kreitler meaning system which enables characterizing the degree to which the communication is based on means that are more objective and interpersonally-shared means (viz. attributive and comparative means) or more personal-subjective ones (viz. examples and metaphors). The hypothesis was that the style of communication is determined by one’s motivation and by the recipient’s characteristics, which in the present context was gender. It was expected that when the motivation supports sharing and the addressee is a woman the style would be mainly subjective, while when the motivation supports withholding information and the addressee is a man the style would be objective. The participants were 70 undergraduates. The tool was a cognitive orientation questionnaire. The experimental task was a story that had to be recounted. The narratives were coded in terms of the Kreitler meaning system. The data was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model. The findings supported the hypothesis of the study. Major conclusions referred to the motivational determinants of communication styles."
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Corness, Greg, and Kristin R. Carlson. "Physicalizing Time Through Orientational Metaphors for Generating Rhythmic Gestures." In Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS Learning & Development, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/eva2018.54.
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Zhang, Weihan, Xiaobo Peng, Ming C. Leu, and Denis Blackmore. "Accuracy and Computational Complexity Analysis of Design Models Created by Virtual Sculpting." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80506.
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We have developed an experimental virtual sculpting system with haptic interface, which allows the user to create a freeform model interactively. The virtual sculpting method is based on the metaphor of carving a solid block into a 3D freeform object. The PHANToM™ manipulator is used to provide the position and orientation data of the sculpting tool and to generate haptic sensation to the user’s hand during the sculpting process. The goal is to provide a high-fidelity simulation system with real-time performance and adequate accuracy of the generated model. In order to understand the limitations on the geometric details that can be generated, we perform an accuracy analysis in different aspects. The computational complexity due to various parameters of the virtual sculpting system is also analyzed. Numerical data are presented to verify the analytical results.
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Coutinho, Carlos, Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves, and Adina Cretan. "Sustainable Interoperability of Negotiation of Manufacturing Robotic Machining Processes." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64891.
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The rise of new service-oriented technologies drives new ways to perform interoperability between manufacturing companies, even in areas not directly connected to the manufacturing enterprise core business. The aerospace segment is a highly competitive area, supported by numerous partners and applications which need to collaborate and be interoperable. Particularly, the subcontracted small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to be flexible towards the changes that are imposed by the major contractors, doing so at the lowest cost. This paper proposes a framework based on Model Driven Interoperability (MDI) and service orientation principles, which advocates negotiations as a pillar mechanism towards the achievement of sustainable interoperability in manufacturing organisations acting in the same industrial market, using a service-oriented platform. The framework encompasses a set of tools that implement the business modelling and negotiation rules, including a reference ontology, and supported by a set of cloud-based services deployed in a cloud infrastructure. The underlying complexity is to model the dynamic environment where multi-attribute and multi-participant negotiations are racing over a set of heterogeneous resources. The evolution of the negotiations is performed through the use of the metaphor Interaction Abstract Machines (IAMs). This framework is then illustrated by the case study of the European Space Agency – Concurrent Design Facility (ESA-CDF) department, which performs feasibility studies for space missions.