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Journal articles on the topic 'Orientational order of liquids crystals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 17 September 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

O'Rourke, Mary Jane E., and Edwin L. Thomas. "Morphology and Dynamic Interaction of Defects in Polymer Liquid Crystals." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 9 (1995): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034904.

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The liquid crystal phase is an anisotropic mesophase, intermediate in order between the liquid and crystal phases. Liquid crystals have less translational order than crystals and more rotational order than isotropic liquids. The liquid crystal phase does not support finite shear stresses and thus behaves like a fluid. Molecules that display a liquid crystal phase are referred to as mesogenic. Mesogenic molecules exhibit shape anisotropy: either large length to diameter ratio (needlelike) or large diameter to thickness ratio (disklike). Because of their shape anisotropy, all liquid crystals dis

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2

Modlínska, Anna, Danuta Bauman, Jan Jadżyn, and Roman Dąbrowski. "Orientational Behaviour of some Novel Fluoro-Substituted Liquid Crystals as Studied by Optical Spectroscopy Methods." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 66, no. 3-4 (2011): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2011-3-417.

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The long-range orientational order of eight newly synthesized fluoro-substituted liquid crystals, two with a positive dielectric anisotropy and six with a negative dielectric anisotropy, was studied by means of the optical spectroscopy methods: electronic absorption and fluorescence. The liquid crystals were doped with small amount of the fluorescent dichroic dye. The absorption and emission spectra of linearly polarized light were recorded as a function of temperature in the whole range of the mesophase. The results obtained allow to determine the order parameters〈P2 and〈P4〉as well as the ori

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3

Rendell, J. C. T., D. S. Zimmerman, A. J. van der Est, and E. E. Burnell. "Orientational order of 1,3-dichloro-2-ethenylbenzene in liquid-crystal solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 8 (1997): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-138.

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The order parameter matrices of a molecule that has no symmetry, 1,3-dichloro-2-ethenylbenzene, dissolved in two different nematic liquid-crystal solvents are analyzed in terms of various models for the intermolecular mean-field potential. In a mixture of liquid crystals for which the interaction between the molecular quadrupole moment tensor and the average electric field gradient of the nematic solvent has been minimized, the orientational order is best described by models for the short-range anisotropic potential. The most successful potentials are written in terms of anisotropic interactio

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4

Topgaard, Daniel. "Director orientations in lyotropic liquid crystals: diffusion MRI mapping of the Saupe order tensor." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 12 (2016): 8545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07251d.

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5

Zasadzinski, J. A. N., M. J. Sammon, and R. B. Meyer. "Freeze-Fracture Imaging of Solutions of Ordered Rigid Rods." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119442.

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Solutions of rigid rods display orientational and/or positional order at appropriate concentrations. Model systems of rigid rods are formed by Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) in water or dilute salt solutions. In pure water, TMV particles are strongly negatively charged and electrostatic repulsion orders the virus into three-dimensional crystals with both orientational and positional order. When salt is added to the system, electrostatic repulsion is screened and the TMV particles lose much of their positional order, but retain their orientational order and form a nematic liquid crystal phase.The l

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6

Majhi, Debashis, Andrei V. Komolkin, and Sergey V. Dvinskikh. "NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Cation Dynamics in Symmetrically-Substituted Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Crystals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145024.

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Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) present a new class of non-molecular soft materials with a unique combination of high ionic conductivity and anisotropy of physicochemical properties. Symmetrically-substituted long-chain imidazolium-based mesogenic ionic liquids exhibiting a smectic liquid crystalline phase were investigated by solid state NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. The aim of the study was to reveal the correlation between cation size and structure, local dynamics, and orientational order in the layered mesophase. The obtained experimental data are consistent with the model of a

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7

Paczuski, Maya, and Mehran Kardar. "Harmonics of orientational order in liquid crystals." Physical Review Letters 60, no. 9 (1988): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.861.

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8

Emelyanenko, Alexander V., and Dina V. Shmeliova. "Optimization of the Domain Size in Stressed Liquid Crystals." Liquid Crystals and their Application 24, no. 1 (2024): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18083/lcappl.2024.1.60.

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The distributions of orientational and translational order parameters in liquid crystal polymer composites are studied using the methods of molecular-statistical physics. A model is considered in which the composite consists of liquid crystal (LC) domains separated by flat polymer sheets. The perturbation of the orientational and translational order parameters, which is caused by an arbitrary flat polymer sheet in a planar LC layer, is estimated. The effective distance over which this disturbance propagates is estimated. It is shown that it is proportional to the square root of the splay elast

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9

Torres-Andrés, Joel, Guillermo Cassinello, Francesc Sagués, and Jordi Ignés-Mullol. "Magnetic Field Control of Liquid Crystal-Enabled Colloid Electrophoresis." Colloids and Interfaces 9, no. 3 (2025): 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids9030027.

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Microswimmers are key for unveiling new physical phenomena underlying their propulsion, especially when driven inside complex fluids. Liquid crystals are anisotropic complex fluids that feature long-range orientational order. The propulsion of non-charged dielectric particles can be accomplished in these systems by breaking the particles’ fore-aft symmetry thanks to anisotropies in the conductivity and dielectric permittivity parameters of the liquid crystal. Under the application of an AC electric field, asymmetric osmotic flows are generated to propel non-spherical particles, whose direction

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10

Zakhlevnykh, A. N., and O. R. Semenova. "First Order Orientational Transitions in Ferronematic Liquid Crystals." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 540, no. 1 (2011): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2011.568887.

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11

Luckhurst, G. R. "Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals: Experiment and Theory." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 97, no. 10 (1993): 1169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19930971002.

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12

Kelton, K. F., A. L. Greer, D. M. Herlach, and D. Holland-Moritz. "The Influence of Order on the Nucleation Barrier." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 12 (2004): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.264.

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AbstractWhile it is conventionally thought that liquids turn to solids at their “freezing” point, it is often the case that materials must be supercooled (cooled below the freezing temperature) before nucleation actually happens. There is growing evidence that coupled processes, including chemical–structural ordering and orientational–translational ordering, are among the factors that affect exactly when and how nucleation occurs in liquids and crystals. Recent density functional calculations have demonstrated that such coupled routes, which are not incorporated within the one-dimensional fram

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13

Chrzumnicka, Ewa, Mirosław Szybowicz, and Danuta Bauman. "Studies Of Orientational Order Of Some Nematogens By Means Of Raman Scattering Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 59, no. 7-8 (2004): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2004-7-817.

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The orientational behaviour of some liquid crystals with various molecular structures was studied by means of the Raman scattering depolarization method. The Raman scattering spectra of linearly polarized light were recorded as a function of temperature in the nematic phase. On the basis of these spectra the order parameters 〈P2〉 and 〈P4〉 as well as the molecular distribution function were determined. The obtained data were compared with those estimated on the basis of polarized light absorption and emission measurements. The influence of the molecular structure on the orientational order of l

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14

Sun, Y. F., and J. Swift. "Orientational order and phase transitions in columnar liquid crystals." Physical Review A 33, no. 4 (1986): 2735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.33.2735.

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15

Elliott Burnell, E., Leon C. ter Beek, and Zhengmin Sun. "Mechanisms of solute orientational order in nematic liquid crystals." Journal of Chemical Physics 128, no. 16 (2008): 164901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900559.

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16

Borsacchi, S., L. Calucci, and M. Geppi. "Orientational order of liquid crystals by 11B NMR spectroscopy." Chemical Physics Letters 508, no. 1-3 (2011): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.040.

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17

Kobinata, Shunsuke, Takamichi Kobayashi, Hiroshi Yoshida, A. D. L. Chandani, and Shiro Maeda. "Molecular conformation and orientational order in nCB liquid crystals." Journal of Molecular Structure 146 (August 1986): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(86)80305-2.

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18

Hui, S. W., M. Cheng, J. T. Ho, and R. Pindak. "Dimensionality of hexatic melting in liquid crystals by in situ electron diffraction." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121752.

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The theory of melting in two dimensions indicates that it is very different from the melting in three dimensions. An intermediate hexatic phase, with long range orientational but short range translational order, is proposed to exist between two dimensional solid and fluid phases. Because the long range order is limited experimentally by the domain or “grain” size, which is expected to be of sub-millimeter size, selected area electron diffraction is the method of choice for observing orientational order. Free-standing smectic liquid crystal films prove to be a most attractive system in which to

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19

SYVITSKI, RAYMOND T., JAMES M. POLSON, and E. ELLIOTT BURNELL. "INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIALS IN LIQUID CRYSTALS: COMPARISON BETWEEN SIMULATIONS AND NMR EXPERIMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 10, no. 02n03 (1999): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183199000309.

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The anisotropic intermolecular forces responsible for the orientational ordering in liquid crystals are probed by comparing Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results for solutes in nematic liquid crystals. In a special liquid crystal mixture where all long-range interactions are assumed to be minimized, the models for short-range interactions which best fit NMR experimental solute order parameters also best fit solute order parameters from MC simulations of hard ellipsoids. This is taken as an indication that in this special mixture the intermolecu

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20

Abe, Hiroshi, Machiko Shigemi, Takahiro Takekiyo, Yukihiro Yoshimura, and Nozomu Hamaya. "Frustrations in Molecular System under High Pressure." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086641.

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Even at ambient pressure, liquid and solid states of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are quite complicated because of a variety of charge network (scalar), molecular orientational order (vector) and coordination number (topology) based on degrees of freedom of molecular conformations. The RTILs possess a unique property such as nano-heterogeneity in spite of simple molecular system. Recently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C4mim][PF6], reveals crystal polymorphs at low temperature. Furthermore, the intrinsic nature of the RTILs is enhanced under high pressure [1-3]. I

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21

Purna, Chandra Barman. "Orientational order parameters in the nematic and smectic A a binary mixture of smectogenic liquid crystals." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 4, no. 1 (2019): 620–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2552417.

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High resolution optical transmission data of a binary mixture of two smectogenic compounds of which one having NCS terminal group exhibiting smectic A phase and the other with CN terminal group showing Smectic Ad phase have been analyzed to determine the orientational order parameters as a function of temperature. The orientational order parameters (OOPs) value increases with decreases of temperature both the nematic and smectic A phases. Haller’s extrapolation procedure has been used to determine the orientational order parameter <P2> from the birefringence data. The temperature d

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22

Zakri, Cécile, Christophe Blanc, Eric Grelet, et al. "Liquid crystals of carbon nanotubes and graphene." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1988 (2013): 20120499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0499.

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Liquid crystal ordering is an opportunity to develop novel materials and applications with spontaneously aligned nanotubes or graphene particles. Nevertheless, achieving high orientational order parameter and large monodomains remains a challenge. In addition, our restricted knowledge of the structure of the currently available materials is a limitation for fundamental studies and future applications. This paper presents recent methodologies that have been developed to achieve large monodomains of nematic liquid crystals. These allow quantification and increase of their order parameters. Nemat

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23

Mandle, Richard J., and John W. Goodby. "Order parameters, orientational distribution functions and heliconical tilt angles of oligomeric liquid crystals." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 13 (2019): 6839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00736a.

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Twist-bend (TB) phases possess a local helical structure with a pitch length of a few nanometers. X-ray scattering experiments on aligned samples of dimeric and oligomeric materials allows the orientational order parameters, orientational distribution functions and heliconical tilt angles to be calculated.

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24

Pokrovsky, V. L., and P. A. Saidachmetov. "Orientational phase transition in cubic liquid crystals with positional order." Journal de Physique 49, no. 5 (1988): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:01988004905085700.

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25

Deutsch, Moshe. "Orientational order determination in liquid crystals by x-ray diffraction." Physical Review A 44, no. 12 (1991): 8264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.44.8264.

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26

Zywucki, B. J., and W. Kuczynski. "The orientational order in nematic liquid crystals from birefringence measurements." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 8, no. 3 (2001): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/94.933375.

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27

Danilović, Zorana, and E. Elliott Burnell. "Orientational order of near D3h solutes in nematic liquid crystals." Journal of Chemical Physics 130, no. 15 (2009): 154506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3104606.

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28

Kumari, Priyanka, Bijaya Basnet, Maxim O. Lavrentovich, and Oleg D. Lavrentovich. "Chiral ground states of ferroelectric liquid crystals." Science 383, no. 6689 (2024): 1364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adl0834.

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Ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are formed by achiral molecules with large dipole moments. Their three-dimensional orientational order is described as unidirectionally polar. We demonstrate that the ground state of a flat slab of a ferroelectric nematic unconstrained by externally imposed alignment directions is chiral, with left- and right-handed twists of polarization. Although the helicoidal deformations and defect walls that separate domains of opposite handedness increase the elastic energy, the twists reduce the electrostatic energy and become weaker when the material is doped with

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29

Ciciulla, Fabrizio, Annamaria Zaltron, Riccardo Zamboni, et al. "Optofluidic Platform Based on Liquid Crystals in X-Cut Lithium Niobate: Thresholdless All-Optical Response." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080908.

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In this study, we present a new configuration of the recently reported optofluidic platform exploiting liquid crystals reorientation in lithium niobate channels. In order to avoid the threshold behaviour observed in the optical control of the device, we propose microchannels realized in a x-cut crystal closed by a z-cut crystal on the top. In this way, the light-induced photovoltaic field is not uniform inside the liquid crystal layer and therefore the conditions for a thresholdless reorientation are realized. We performed simulations of the photovoltaic effect based on the well assessed model

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30

Petrov, Danil A., Pavel K. Skokov, Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh, and Dmitriy V. Makarov. "Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (July 22, 2019): 1464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.145.

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We study the orientational transitions in a suspension of carbon nanotubes in a nematic liquid crystal induced by an external magnetic field. The case of a finite orientational anchoring of liquid crystal molecules at the surface of doped carbon nanotubes is considered. It is shown that in a magnetic field the initial homogeneous planar texture of the liquid crystal–carbon nanotubes mixture is disturbed in a threshold manner (Fréedericksz transition). The orientational and concentration distributions of the suspension are studied for different values of the magnetic field strength and segregat

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31

Dai, Jing, Debashis Majhi, Boris B. Kharkov, and Sergey V. Dvinskikh. "NMR Spectroscopic Study of Orientational Order in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Crystals." Crystals 9, no. 10 (2019): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100495.

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We report on molecular and local orientational order of a series of imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystals exhibiting layered smectic A mesophase. Materials constituting of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, and different counter-ions, were investigated. We apply two-dimensional 13C-1H dipolar NMR spectroscopy to quantify orientational order of C-H bonds of the organic cation. The experimental data supported the structural model of the interdigitated chains aligned with the smectic layer normal. Molecular order parameter S was found to increase in the anion sequence BF4− < I− < Br− &

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32

Karjalainen, Jouni, Juha Vaara, Michal Straka, and Perttu Lantto. "Xenon NMR of liquid crystals confined to cylindrical nanocavities: a simulation study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 11 (2015): 7158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04868g.

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33

Mauger, A., G. Zribi, D. L. Mills, and John Toner. "Substrate-Induced Orientational Order in the Isotropic Phase of Liquid Crystals." Physical Review Letters 54, no. 23 (1985): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.2552.

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34

Wong, K. Y., and A. F. Garito. "Third-harmonic-generation study of orientational order in nematic liquid crystals." Physical Review A 34, no. 6 (1986): 5051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.34.5051.

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35

Longa, Lech, and Hans-Rainer Trebin. "Bond orientational order in the blue phases of chiral liquid crystals." Physical Review Letters 71, no. 17 (1993): 2757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.2757.

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36

Burnell, E. E., and C. A. de Lange. "Prediction from Molecular Shape of Solute Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals." Chemical Reviews 98, no. 6 (1998): 2359–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr941159v.

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37

Burnell, E. E., C. A. de Lange, and S. Gaemers. "Pressure-induced change in orientational order of solutes in liquid crystals." Chemical Physics Letters 337, no. 4-6 (2001): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00204-4.

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38

Bin Zulkifli, Ahmad Zulazlan Shah, Muhammad Akmal Bin Kamarudin, Azizah Binti Mainal, and Suhana Binti Mohd Said. "Conductivity Studies on the Effect of a Nematic Liquid Crystal on Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Electrolytes." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.142.

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Recently, a few studies have shown that the introduction of liquid crystals (LCs) in polymer electrolytes would lead to an increase in the chain mobility and the ionic conductivity. It is believed that this enhancement of the polymer electrolyte performance is greatly influenced by the order parameter of the liquid crystal in this system. In this study, a deuterated 4-pentyl-4-cyano-biphenyl (5CB-d2) nematic liquid crystal-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer electrolyte were prepared. The orientational order of the nematic liquid crystal is then investigated via the quadrupolar splittings of

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39

Ranjkesh, A., M. Ambrožič, G. Cordoyiannis, Z. Kutnjak, and S. Kralj. "History-Dependent Patterns in Randomly Perturbed Nematic Liquid Crystals." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/505219.

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We study the characteristics of nematic structures in a randomly perturbed nematic liquid crystal (LC) phase. We focus on the impact of the samples history on the universal behavior. The obtained results are of interest for every randomly perturbed system exhibiting a continuous symmetry-breaking phase transition. A semimicroscopic lattice simulation is used where the LC molecules are treated as cylindrically symmetric, rod-like objects interacting via a Lebwohl-Lasher (LL) interaction. Pure LC systems exhibit a first order phase transition into the orientationally ordered nematic phase atT=Tc

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40

Abbaszadeh, Hamed, Michel Fruchart, Wim van Saarloos, and Vincenzo Vitelli. "Liquid-crystal-based topological photonics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (2021): e2020525118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020525118.

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Liquid crystals are complex fluids that allow exquisite control of light propagation thanks to their orientational order and optical anisotropy. Inspired by recent advances in liquid-crystal photo-patterning technology, we propose a soft-matter platform for assembling topological photonic materials that holds promise for protected unidirectional waveguides, sensors, and lasers. Crucial to our approach is to use spatial variations in the orientation of the nematic liquid-crystal molecules to emulate the time modulations needed in a so-called Floquet topological insulator. The varying orientatio

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41

YAZICI, MUSTAFA, and ŞÜKRÜ ÖZGAN. "THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR ORIENTATION TO SOLID–SOLID AND MELTING TRANSITIONS." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 09 (2009): 1207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909019338.

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The thermodynamics of solid–solid and solid–liquid transitions are investigated with an account of the number of molecular orientation. The variations of the positional and orientational orders with the reduced temperature are studied. It is found out that orientational order parameter is very sensitive to the number of allowed orientation. The reduced transition temperatures, volume changes and entropy changes of the phase transitions and theoretical phase diagrams are obtained. The entropy changes of melting transitions for different numbers of allowed orientation of the present model are co

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42

Добрун, Л. А., А. П. Ковшик, Е. И. Рюмцев та А. А. Калинкин. "Ориентационный порядок в жидкокристаллических комплексах на основе лантаноидов". Физика твердого тела 60, № 4 (2018): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.04.45697.227.

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AbstractIn this study, we have for the first time determined the degree of an orientational order S for a series of liquid-crystal complexes based on lanthanides (Eu^+3, Gd^+3, Tb^+3, Dy^+3) with the same ligand composition in the temperature range of existence of the nematic phase by using experimental refractometry results. We have also found an even-odd alternative S as number of protons in the ions complexing agent has consecutively increased. The obtained values of S have been compared with the corresponding degrees of order of the calamite organic liquid crystals.

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43

Domenici, Valentina. "Order and dynamics of rod-like and banana-shaped liquid crystals by 2H NMR." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 1 (2007): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779010021.

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Deuterium NMR spectroscopy is a very powerful technique for studying partially or totally ordered systems, such as liquid crystals (LCs) and polymers. LCs represent a branch of the most general class of soft materials, with peculiar physical and chemical properties which attracted scientific attention for their potentiality for technological applications. From a chemical point of view, there are three aspects in which 2H NMR could provide significant insights: (i) the conformational and structural properties; (ii) the molecular dynamics and mobility; and (iii) the orientational order and aggre

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44

Gerasimov, A. A., Yu V. Tugai, and D. V. Fedorchenko. "Structural ordering in anisometric fullerenes." Low Temperature Physics 20, no. 6 (1994): 457–62. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0033660.

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A molecular model of spatial and orientational ordering is proposed for the one-dimensional, translationally ordered, anisotropic (R2 ⊗ Z1 ⋀ D∞h) condensed phase of Van der Waals molecules. The application of the model to molecular systems such as plastic and liquid crystals is considered for anisotropic fullerites and smectic-A mesophases. It is shown that steady-state translational ordering removes the degeneracy in the direction of the preferred orientation axis of the molecules and leads to the emergence of crossed terms in the pseudopotential, which induce orientational ordering. The temp

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45

Jánossy, István, and Lilla Szabados. "Photoisomerization of Azo-Dyes in Nematic Liquid Crystals." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 07, no. 04 (1998): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863598000399.

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The photoisomerization of azo dyes in nematic liquid crystals is investigated. Using a pump-probe technique, the absorption coefficients of the trans and cis isomers are evaluated separately and the dye order parameters of both forms are determined. It is shown that as a consequence of the difference of the trans and cis orientational order, the trans-cis equilibrium can be controlled through the polarization direction of the pump beam.

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46

Warsi, Syed Salman Ahmad, and Rajiv Manohar. "Principal Polarizability and Orientational Order Parameter Study of some Pure Cholesteric Liquid Crystals and their Homogeneous Mixtures: Phase Transition Behaviour." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, no. 31 (2022): 1541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i31.1084.

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Gleeson, H. F., C. D. Southern, P. D. Brimicombe, J. W. Goodby, and V. Görtz. "Optical measurements of orientational order in uniaxial and biaxial nematic liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 37, no. 6-7 (2010): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2010.488818.

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Osipov, M. A., and B. I. Ostrovskii. "Study of the Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals by X-Ray Scattering." Crystallography Reviews 3, no. 2 (1992): 113–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08893119208032969.

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Hoatson, G. L., A. L. Bailey, A. J. van der Est, G. S. Bates, and E. E. Burnell. "2H-N.M.R. studies of flexibility and orientational order in nematic liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 3, no. 6-7 (1988): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298808086523.

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Blenk, S., H. Ehrentraut, and W. Muschik. "A continuum theory for liquid crystals describing different degrees of orientational order." Liquid Crystals 14, no. 4 (1993): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678299308027831.

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