Journal articles: 'Orifice plate'

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Zhang, Zhi Bin, Yu Le Li, and Wan Zheng Ai. "Research on the Effects of Pulse-Pressure on Orifice Plate Cavications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 327 (June 2013): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.327.267.

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The flows sudden-shrink and sudden-enlarge when passing orifice plate and streamlines dramatically changes. All these lead to flow velocitys pulse, which leads to pressures pulse. The pressures pulse of flow in the vicinity of orifice plate is decided by orifices geometry. The characteristics of flow pressure pulse in the vicinity of orifice plate and its effects on cavications characteristics are researched in this paper. The researches results show that flow pressures pulse around orifice plate have two peak values: one is at the front of orifice; the other is at the vicinity of waters reattachment point, the latters pulse amplitude is larger than the formers. The pressures pulse has important effects on orifice plates cavications. When computing orifices cavitations number, the effects of pulse-pressure should be considered.

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Zeghloul, Ammar, Abdelwahid Azzi, Abbas Hasan, and Barry James Azzopardi. "Behavior and pressure drop of an upwardly two-phase flow through multi-hole orifices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 18 (2017): 3281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217736081.

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Experimental results on hydrodynamic behavior and pressure drop of two-phase mixture flowing upwardly in a pipe containing single- and/or multi-hole orifice plate are presented. It was found from the measurement of the void fraction upstream and downstream the orifices that the flow behavior is significantly affected by the layout of the orifice plate used and the flow starts to recover after approximately 7 D downstream the orifice. Furthermore, increasing orifice holes number results in decreasing the slip ratio. The standard deviation of the void fraction was used to identify the flow pattern before and after the orifices and found that the critical threshold transition occurred at a standard deviation of 0.2. The flow homogenization necessitates a minimum value of the liquid superficial velocity to occur, and the position where it takes place depends on this velocity and on the orifice holes number. It was also inferred from the two-phase pressure drop data across the orifices that three different flow regimes, where the transition between bubbly-to-slug and slug-to-churn flow, can be identified. An assessment of the predicted two-phase flow multiplier using some previous models dedicated to single-hole orifice was achieved; and found that the model proposed by Simpson et al. is the most reliable one. Single-phase pressure drop was also measured and compared with correlations from literature.

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Hariguru, TM, and S. Srinivasan. "The Effect of Differential Pressure and Permanent Pressure Loss on Multi-Hole Orifice Plate." Measurement Science Review 23, no. 5 (2023): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0029.

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Abstract The widely used orifice plate falls under restricted type flow devices, has the highest differential pressure and permanent pressure drop in the ensemble. The objective is to curtail the permanent pressure drop and maintain the differential pressure across the orifice plate, and thereby, the power required to pump the liquid is retrenched. So, three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates with an identical area to that of the single-hole orifice plate were designed and experiments were carried out. It is observed that the experimental results almost matched with the simulation data. In comparing the performance, the four-hole orifice plate yielded a higher differential pressure and higher-pressure loss. In contrast, the five-hole orifice yielded lower differential pressure and higher-pressure loss compared to the single-hole orifice plate. In case of three-hole orifice plate it performed better than the single-hole orifice with reduced pressure loss and higher differential pressure. It was also found that the power consumed by the pump for pumping was lower for three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates compared to the single-hole orifice plate. Thus, the three-hole orifice plate performs better than a single-hole orifice plate in terms of higher differential pressure, reduced permanent pressure loss and lower power consumption of the pump.

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Ashrul Ishak, Mohamad Shaiful, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, Mohd Amirul Amin Arizal, Norwazan Abdul Rahim, Mohammad Roslan Rahim, and Ismail Azmi. "The Influence of Orifice Insertion for Low Noxious Emissions from Combustion System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.684.

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This paper presents the effect of inserting swirler outlet orifice plate of different sizes at the exit plane of the radial air swirler in liquid fuel burner system. Tests were carried out with three different orifice plates with area ratios (orifice area to swirler exit area ratio) between 0.7 and 1.0 using 280 mm inside diameter combustor of 1000 mm length. Several tests were conducted using the commercial diesel as fuel. The fuel was injected at the back plate of the 45o vane angle swirler outlet using a central fuel injector with a single fuel nozzle pointing axially outwards. The aim of the insertion of orifice plates is to create the swirler pressure loss at the swirler outlet phase in order to maximise the swirler outlet shear layer turbulence to assist the fuel/air mixing. In the present work, the orifice plate with smaller area ratios exhibited very low NOX emissions for the whole operating equivalence ratios. The NOX reduction of more than 20 percent is achieved for orifice with 0.7 area ratio compared to 1.0 area ratio. Other emission such as carbon monoxide is increased with the decrease in the orifice area ratios. The results from this experiment show that good combustion is achieved by using smallest area ratios of orifice plate.

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Teyssandier, R. G., and Z. D. Husain. "Experimental Investigation of an Orifice Meter Pressure Gradient." Journal of Fluids Engineering 109, no. 2 (1987): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242634.

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Wall and plate pressure gradients were investigated in a 3.5 in. (89 mm) air flow orifice meter facility for 3 orifice plates covering a pipe Reynolds number range of 21,000 to 160,000. The influence of the orifice plate on the upstream wall pressure gradient extended to 0.62D location. It was also found that the pressure gradient is a weak function of the orifice plate β ratio. The downstream location of the minimum pressure point located at about 3.3 dam heights. The pressure gradient on the face of the orifice plate shows that the deflection calculation based on any differential pressure taps is conservative.

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Dong, Zhi Yong, and Jing Jing Hu. "Effects of Circular Orifices Plates with Venturi Tube on Degradation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Pollutants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.294.

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Refractory wastewater is characterized by high concentration of organic matter, high toxicity for biotic systems, bio-recalcitrant, complex component, and stable chemical structures. This paper studies effect of circular orifices plate with Venturi tube on degradation of hydrophilic pollutant and hydrophobic pollutant by considering the different sizes and numbers of circular orifices plate. Also, effects of initial concentration and operation time were considered. Degradation rate was analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and pressures at measuring points were measured by pressure data acquisition system. Variations of degradation rate with orifice number, orifice size, initial concentration and operation time were developed.

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Maxwell, Bryan M., Richard A. Cooke, Reid D. Christianson, and Laura E. Christianson. "Stage-Discharge Relationships of Drawdown Plates for Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 6 (2021): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14633.

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HighlightsDrawdown plates can prevent prolonged saturation in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors.Contraction coefficients for the orifice equation ranged from 0.74 to 0.76.Drawdown orifice should be sized appropriately to avoid interfering with design flow rates.Established stage-discharge relationships for drawdown orifice improve accuracy of flow monitoring.Abstract.Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors are a conservation drainage practice used to reduce nitrate loads in tile drainage water from field crops. Prolonged saturation in the woodchip media under no flow or low flow conditions can result in the production of hydrogen sulfide and methane. The US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Conservation Practice Standard for denitrifying bioreactors recommends a low-level orifice at the bioreactor outlet to drain the woodchip media within 48 h to prevent prolonged stagnation. This study determined stage-discharge relationships for three drawdown configurations in an AgriDrain water level control structure (15.2 cm nominal tile size) to improve accuracy of estimating flow in field bioreactors. Tested drawdown configurations consisted of a custom-made inverted-v orifice plate currently used by the NRCS (3.6 cm2 orifice area); and a 2 and an 8 mm gap between the base of the structure and the bottom stop log (2.6 and 12.3 cm2 orifice area, respectively). The stage-discharge relationship for all three orifices was accurately described by the orifice flow equation (R2 &gt; 0.99). Stage-discharge relationship for the inverted-v drawdown plate in combination with a stainless steel-edged v-notch weir was the sum of their respective stage-discharge relationships for orifice flow and flow over the weir. Contraction coefficients for the inverted-v, 2 mm gap, and 8 mm gap configurations were 0.74, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. The stage-discharge relationships for the inverted-v, 2 mm gap, and 8 mm gap configurations were Q = 3.26*A*h0.5, Q = 3.29*A*h0.5, and Q = 3.38*A*h0.5, respectively, where Q is in m3 s-1, A is the orifice area in m2, and h is the water head differential in meters. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Drawdown plate, Flow monitoring, NRCS, Prolonged saturation.

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Sun, Yifan, Huaizhe Yan, Lin Wang, et al. "Flow Characteristics of Orifice Plate in Vertical Multistage Flash Evaporator for Waste Heat Recovery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2529, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2529/1/012009.

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Abstract A vertical multistage flash device uses orifice plates as pressure isolation devices, so wastewater flows from the upper stage to the next stage by its gravity, which can significantly lower the system’s surface area. To study the resistance characteristics of the flash flow during wastewater flowing through the pressure isolation device, a flow and flash model for the wastewater in an orifice was developed and the corresponding flash process was numerically investigated by FLUENT. The effects of the inlet temperature of wastewater, flash pressure, and orifice thickness on the flash were analyzed. The results show that the closer to the orifice outlet we are, the lower the temperature of wastewater and the larger the vapor volume fraction become. While the temperature is lower, the vapor volume fraction is larger near the orifice wall than it is towards the center. While the temperature reduction of wastewater is not immediately apparent, the vapor volume fraction in the orifice increases as the pressure differential between the orifice’s input and output increases.

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Wanzheng, Ai, and Zhu Pengfei. "Correction and laboratory investigation for energy loss coefficient of square-edged orifice plate." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (2021): 003685042110185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211018571.

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A lot of studies have shown that the hydraulic characteristics of orifice plate are mainly controlled by its contraction ratio, but the thickness of square-edged orifice plate also has many impacts on energy loss characteristics. The primary objective of this study was to investigated the effects of square-edged orifice plate thickness on energy loss characteristics. In this paper, the effects of square-edged orifice plate thickness on energy loss characteristics are investigated by numerical simulation using CFD. Orifice plate discharge tunnel is axial symmetric, two dimensional numerical simulations of orifice plate discharge tunnel flow was used. The equation (9) for calculating energy loss coefficient of square-edged orifice plate energy dissipater considering the influence of thickness is proposed. The results of the present research demonstrate that energy loss coefficient decreases with increase of the orifice plate thickness. The results of model experiment are consistence with the results calculated by using rectified equation in present paper. The CFD simulations and Model experiment for the flow through an orifice plate are carried out. For square-edged orifice plate energy dissipater, the relative orifice plate thickness T/D has remarkable impacts on its energy loss coefficient ξ. The Traditional equation (8) is corrected by numerical results. The equation (9) for calculating energy loss coefficient of square-edged orifice plate energy dissipater considering the influence of thickness is proposed and this equation is available in the condition of d/D = 0.4–0.8, T/D = 0.05–0.25, and Re > 105(Re is Reynolds number). Comparing with the physical model experimental data, the relative errors of equation (9) is smaller than 15%.

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Dong, Zhi Yong, Qi Qi Chen, Yong Gang Yang, and Bin Shi. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Hydrodynamic Cavitation of Orifice Plates with Multiple Triangular Holes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2519.

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Hydraulic characteristics of orifice plates with multiple triangular holes in hydrodynamic cavitation reactor were experimentally investigated by use of three dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV), high speed photography, electronic multi-pressure scanivalve and pressure data acquisition system, and numerically simulated by CFD software Flow 3D in this paper. Effects of number, arrangement and ratio of holes on hydraulic characteristics of the orifice plates were considered. Effects of arrangement and ratio of holes and flow velocity ahead of plate on cavitation number and velocity profile were compared. Distribution of turbulent kinetic energy and similarity of velocity profile were analyzed. And characteristics of cavitating flow downstream of the orifice plate were photographically observed by high speed camera. Also, a comparison with flow characteristics of orifice plate with hybrid holes (circle, square and triangle) was made.

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Qiao, Yina, Chaoqi Wang, Yu Jiang, et al. "Pretreatment of Landfill Leachate Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation at Basic pH Condition." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11103014.

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The leachate generated from a landfill can cause significant harm to the environment and human health, so it must be treated before being discharged. A biochemical method is effective to treat the landfill leachate, but it requires a physicochemical pretreatment to help reduce the organic load and improve the biodegradability of the landfill leachate. In this work, hydrodynamic cavitation was used to pretreat the landfill leachate due to it being cost-effective, without additional chemicals, and environmentally friendly. The pretreatment experiments were conducted under an inlet pressure of 0.4 MPa and a basic pH. The influence of operating parameters such as the orifice opening rate, the arrangement of orifices, and the reaction time on the chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand removal in landfill leachate was studied, and the energy efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that under the above conditions, the removal rate for the chemical oxygen demand of the orifice plate with an annular orifice arrangement was better than that of the orifice plate with a radiation orifice arrangement, and the orifice plate with an orifice opening rate of 0.0417 had the best effectiveness. The energy efficiency under these two optimization conditions was also the highest. When the optimal operation time was 60 min, the removal rate of the chemical oxygen demand was 22.63%. The biodegradability of the landfill leachate was significantly improved with BOD5/COD increasing by 57.27%. The study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the application of hydrodynamic cavitation as a low-cost and efficient treatment method in the pretreatment of landfill leachate.

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Ergur, Eda, and Tamer Calisir. "Numerical investigation of single and multiple impinging synthetic jets on the flow field and heat transfer at low orifice-to-plate distances." FME Transactions 51, no. 3 (2023): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2303273e.

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In the present numerical study, the thermal performance and fluid flow properties have been investigated to show the effect of single-orifice and multiple-orifice impingement of synthetic jets for dimensionless orifice-toplate distance (H/D) of lower than one. Investigations have been done for an actuation frequency of f=500 Hz, 0.10 ≤ H/D ≤ 0.75, and dimensionless pitch ratio of 1.25 ≤ Do/D ≤ 1.75. The results were validated with experimental results from the literature, and a fair agreement was obtained. The results showed that at low nozzle-to-plate spacing, lower target plate temperatures could be obtained. It was observed that with the use of multiple orifices at especially higher Do/D higher heat transfer values are present. The study was performed to add knowledge to the electronics and aviation industries where high temperatures in small cavities occur.

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Bordoloi, Ankur D., and Ellen K. Longmire. "Drop motion through a confining orifice." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 759 (October 28, 2014): 520–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.572.

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AbstractThe motion of gravity-driven deformable drops (Bond number, $\mathit{Bo}\sim 0.8{-}11$) through a circular confining orifice (ratio of orifice diameter to drop diameter, $d/D<1$) was studied using high-speed imaging. Drops of water/glycerin, surrounded by silicone oil, fall toward and encounter the orifice plate after reaching terminal speed. The effects of surface wettability were investigated for both round-edged and sharp-edged orifices. For the round-edged case, a thin film of surrounding oil prevents the drop fluid from contacting the orifice surface, such that the flow outcomes of the drops are independent of surface wettability. For $d/D<0.8$, the boundary between drop capture and release depends on a modified Bond number relating drop gravitational time scale to orifice surface tension time scale and is independent of viscosity ratio. Drops that release break into multiple fragments for larger $\mathit{Bo}$ and smaller $d/D$. For the sharp-edged case, a contact is initiated at the orifice edge immediately upon impact, such that surface wettability influences the drop outcome. When the surface is hydrophobic, the contact line motion through the orifice enhances penetration of the drop fluid, but the trailing interface becomes pinned at the orifice edge, inhibiting drop release. When the surface is hydrophilic, a fraction of the drop fluid is always captured because the drop fluid spreads on both the upper and lower plate surfaces.

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H. Sundararaj, Ramraj, and Abhijit Kushari. "Slotted Orifice Plate Flow Meter." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineeringe 3, no. 2 (2010): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797611003020149.

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H. Sundararaj, Ramraj, and Abhijit Kushari. "Slotted Orifice Plate Flow Meter." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 2 (2010): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874477x11003020149.

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Halas, Dragan, Oskar Bera, Radovan Omorjan, Aleksandar Rajic, and Danijela Jasin. "Analysis of new forms of orifice plates using computational fluid dynamics." Chemical Industry 73, no. 5 (2019): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind190722030h.

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In many technologies, such as process industry or water supply, there is a need to measure fluid flowrates. Orifice plates are the most common instruments for measuring the fluid flowrate through pipelines due to their many advantages. On the other side, their use increases operating costs of industrial plants and pipelines. In this work, three new forms of orifice plates were designed and tested. These new forms and one standard, which served as a reference, were designed by using the SolidWorks software package. The aim of the new designs was energy savings, and consequently reduction of operating costs. Energy savings can be achieved by such a design, which decreases the orifice plate resistance an element of the pipeline. This was achieved by increasing the open part of the orifice plate permitting the fluid flow. CAD models of orifice plates were transferred to STL files that were further used for CFD simulation as well as 3D printing of experimental replicas. According to the proposed algorithm, the new designs were tested by CFD simulation performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, by using a finite-difference method. Equations used were based on the Reynolds form of Navier-Stokes equations (RANS, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes), and the continuity equation for incompressible fluids. Next, as we have proposed in our algorithm of development of new orifice plate designs, experimental orifice plates were made by using 3D printing technology and FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) procedure and tested at laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory tests were compared with the results of CFD simulation. A considerable amount of energy saving was indicated, which was achieved already by the first of the three new orifice plate forms (V1) as compared to the reference (V0). For the other two proposed forms, the effect of energy savings was considerably lower. By using CFD simulation, data can be obtained based on which a decision can be made whether the new shape of the measuring device should be corrected or is appropriate for further laboratory tests. Based on the presented results it can be concluded that the proposed testing algorithm proved useful in designing new forms of orifice plates.

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Yoon, J. Y., N. W. Sung, and C. H. Lee. "Effect of distance between 90° elbow close to upstream of orifice plate and the orifice plate on discharge coefficient." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 223, no. 2 (2009): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544089jpme197.

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The effect of distance between 90° elbow close to the upstream face of an orifice plate and the orifice plate on discharge coefficient was investigated. The distribution of discharge coefficient and differential pressure caused by elbow and short upstream straight length were examined and a modified discharge coefficient was introduced. The results presented in this study could be useful when the orifice plate is installed under the condition of simple flow disturbance element and short upstream straight length.

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Manshoor, Bukhari, Mohd Fahmi Othman, Izzuddin Zaman, Zamani Ngali, and Amir Khalid. "Experimental Study of Various Porosity of Fractal Flow Conditioner for Orifice Plate Flowmeters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.915.

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The plant industry is required to measure flow rate more accurately to meet plant operation and cost accounting objectives. The opposing concern of improving flow meter accuracy is resolved by using flow conditioners. The distance of implementation of flow conditioner upstream of the orifice plate flowmeter is also need to be addressed. Hence, in present study, an analysis of the porosity of fractal flow conditioner towards orifice plate flowmeter’s accuracy and the best distance of fractal flow conditioner upstream of the orifice plate flowmeter was determined. In an experimental work, a different porosity of the fractal flow conditioners were installed with different distance upstream of the orifice plate in conjunction with the different disturbances to assess the effects of these devices on the measurement of the mass flow rate. Data gained for all the plates showed that there is increment of pressure drop and change in discharge coefficient of the orifice with lower β value of fractal flow conditioner. Good comparisons with the previous experimental work demonstrate the fractal flow conditioner can preserve the accuracy of metering up to the level required in the standards.

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Wang, Jia Hong, and Wan Zheng Ai. "Review on the Research of Orifice Plate Hydraulic Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.101.

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Orifice plate energy dissipater, as a kind of effective energy dissipater with characteristics of economic, has become welcomed more and more by hydraulics researchers. Although many researches have been conducted on orifice plate’s hydraulic characteristics, there are many other issues, which are closely related with orifice plate’s energy loss and cavitations, needed to be solved. Some issues on orifice plate’s hydraulic characteristics have been put forward in this paper so as to strengthen research in this field.

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Chanphavong, Lemthong. "Biodiesel Production Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation Phenomena." Souphanouvong University Journal Multidisciplinary Research and Development 10, no. 4 (2024): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.69692/sujmrd1004210.

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This study presents biodiesel production assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation process. Hydrodynamic cavitating flow test rig was fabricated for a lab-scale of 12 liters per batch using single and multiple hole orifice plates. High pressure multi-stage pump was used for generating circular fluid flow from a store rage tank passing through orifice plate before entering back to storage tank. Diameter of orifice hole was varied from 4, 5, and 6 mm for single hole orifice plate while 2 mm for multiple hole orifice pate (12 holes). Fresh vegetable oil was used as feedstock for transesterification reaction with methanol and potassium hydroxide based on molecular ratio of 6:1 and 1% by weight, respectively. Reaction time was a constant at 25 minutes. Result shown that, for single hole orifice plate case, decrease in hole diameter results in increasing in the inlet pressure, which provokes a biodiesel generation ratio increased. The multiple hole orifice provides a higher biodiesel generation ratio compared with the single hole case. This can be explained by that when the inlet pressure increased results in higher pressure loss which directly supported stronger cavitation flow. Similarly, the multiple hole orifice has a larger perimeter, which resulted in higher shear flow compared with the single hole one. Shear flows are directly linked to the stronger cavitating flow, which supported a higher biodiesel generation ratio.

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KITO, Mizuki, Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI, Atsushi MORIE, Chayut NUNTADUSIT, Koichi TSUJIMOTO, and Toshitake ANDO. "1901 Effects of Orifice Plate thickness on Orifice Free Jet." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2008.2 (2008): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.2.0_201.

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Karisma P.S, M. Rafy, Tasya Galuh Sumarto, and Asepta Surya Wardana. "Sizing Orifice Plate 381-FE-357 Pada Crude Oil Shipping Pump di PT. SIPL." Journal of Instrumentation and Hardware 1, no. 2 (2024): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53026/inhardware.v1i2.13.

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Dalam Industri produksi minyak dan gas, terdapat banyak faktor yang mendukung agar produksi cdapat efisien, salah satunya adalah pengukuran variabel aliran (flow). Pengukuran aliran merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam industri ini, karena menggunakan media dan diameter pipa yang beragam. Keanekaragaman diameter pipa ini dapat mempengaruhi pemilihan orifice plate yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk melakukan sizing orifice plate. Sizing orificeplate dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman dari ISO- 5167. Hal ini berguna untuk memastikan bahwa diameter orifice yang digunakan sesuai dengan jenis aliran yang akan diukur. Setelah melakukan perhitungan manual dan membandingkannya dengan data sheet, didapatkan hasil sizing orifice plate dengan diameter sebesar 58,55208 mm dan beta ratio sebesar 0,5763. Selisih antara hasil perhitungan manual dengan data lapangan hanya sebesar 0,07112 mm untuk diameter orifice platedan 0,0033 untuk beta ratio. Selisih ini dianggap kecil dan orifice plate yang digunakan masih cocok dengan kondisi produksi saat ini.

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Qian, Yu, and David Z. Zhu. "Impact pressure on an orifice plate by a rising water column driven by an air pocket in a vertical riser." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 5 (2020): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.191.

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Abstract Occurrences of storm geyser events have attracted significant attention in recent years. Previous studies suggest that using an orifice plate can reduce the intensity of a geyser event but may induce a water-hammer type of pressure on the orifice plate. This study was conducted to explore the factors that influence the pressure transients when an orifice plate was installed in a vertical riser. A novel model was developed to simulated the movement of a rising water column driven by an air pocket in a vertical riser with an orifice plate on the top. Water-hammer type of pressure occurs when the water column reaches the orifice plate. The current model accurately simulates the dynamics of the water column considering its mass loss due to the flow along the wall of the riser (film flow) and the existence of the orifice plate. It was found that the initial water column length and the driving pressure, as well as the riser material, have a strong relationship with the peak pressure. The riser diameter and riser height have minor effect on the peak pressure. The water-hammer induced peak pressure reaches the maximum when the orifice opening is around 0.2 times the diameter of the vertical riser.

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Mohammed, Roaad K., and Shaimaa A. Naser. "Effect of Ribbed Target Plate on Impingement Cooling." Babylonian Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023 (October 24, 2023): 78–85. https://doi.org/10.58496/bjme/2023/010.

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This study experimentally investigates the heat transfer characteristics of an air jet impinging on smooth and ribbed target plates. Key variables examined include jet velocity, orifice diameter, and orifice-to-plate distance ratio (Z/D). Results show that the maximum heat transfer rate occurs at the stagnation point on the target plate. Increasing jet velocity significantly enhances heat transfer due to heightened turbulence, while larger orifice diameters yield higher heat transfer rates by covering a greater impact area. The optimal Z/D ratio for maximum heat transfer was determined to be 6 for all Reynolds numbers tested. However, introducing ribs to the target plate reduces heat transfer due to flow redirection and kinetic energy loss. These findings contribute to optimizing impingement cooling systems for various industrial applications.

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Hung, Cheng-Wei, Ying-Kuan Tsai, Tai-An Chen, Hsin-Hung Lai, and Pin-Wen Wu. "Numerical Study of Pressure Attenuation Effect on Tunnel Structures Subjected to Blast Loads." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125646.

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This study used experimental and numerical simulation methods to discuss the attenuation mechanism of a blast inside a tunnel for different forms of a tunnel pressure reduction module under the condition of a tunnel near-field explosion. In terms of the experiment, a small-scale model was used for the explosion experiments of a tunnel pressure reduction module (expansion chamber, one-pressure relief orifice plate, double-pressure relief orifice plate). In the numerical simulation, the pressure transfer effect was evaluated using the ALE fluid–solid coupling and mapping technique. The findings showed that the pressure attenuation model changed the tunnel section to diffuse, reduce, or detour the pressure transfer, indicating the blast attenuation effect. In terms of the effect of blast attenuation, the double-pressure relief orifice plate was better than the one-pressure relief orifice plate, and the single-pressure relief orifice plate was better than the expansion chamber. The expansion chamber attenuated the blast by 30%, the one-pressure relief orifice plate attenuated the blast by 51%, and the double-pressure relief orifice plate attenuated the blast by 82%. The blast attenuation trend of the numerical simulation result generally matched that of the experimental result. The results of this study can provide a reference for future protective designs and reinforce the U.S. Force regulations.

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Agarwal, N. K. "Mean Separation and Reattachment in Turbulent Pipe Flow Due to an Orifice Plate." Journal of Fluids Engineering 116, no. 2 (1994): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910284.

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The mean flow in a pipe with turbulent separated flow due to an orifice plate is experimentally studied. Measurements of time-mean length of separation and reattachment regions, made using a surface fence gauge are presented for a range of orifice sizes. In a limited range of Reynolds number (based on orifice radial height) 3 × 104 to 7.3 × 104 studied, reattachment point location decreased from 12 to 9 step heights. The lengths of separation and reattachment regions are a function of orifice size and the Reynolds number based on the radial height of the orifice plate.

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27

Yasuda, Keiji, Toa Kaji, and Zheng Xu. "Influence of Orifice Shape on Reaction Rate by Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.718.

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Hydrodynamic cavitation is expected to apply to the decomposition of chemicals and the disinfection in wastewater. In this study, the effects of upstream pressure, hole diameter and shape of orifice plate on the reaction rate of I3- formation were investigated. The reaction rate increases with increasing upstream pressure of orifice plate. The reaction rates have maximum values, when hole diameters of orifice plate are 2.7 mm at the upstream pressure of 0.9 MPa gauge and 3.0 mm at 0.7 MPa gauge. The reaction rate increases in the order of triangle < square < hexagon < circle shaped hole of orifice plate at the same hole area.

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Wang, Wei Jun. "The Incipient Cavitation Number of Square-Edged Orifice Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1702.

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In the present paper, the incipient cavitations number was analyzed by theoretical considerations. By using simulation methods, it could be regarded that the incipient cavitations number was mainly dominated by the contraction ratio of the orifice plate. The less the contraction ratio of the orifice plate is, the larger is the incipient cavitations number. The effects of orifice plate’ thickness on the incipient cavitations number was not obviously and could be neglected. When Reynolds number is more than 105, Reynolds number has little impact on the incipient cavitations number.

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29

Reader-Harris, M. J., and J. A. Sattary. "The orifice plate discharge coefficient equation." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 1, no. 2 (1990): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-5986(90)90031-2.

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30

Sattary, J. A. "EEC orifice plate programme — Installation effects." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 2, no. 1 (1991): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-5986(91)90052-s.

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31

Liu, Lindong, Cuifeng Du, Yuan Wang, and Bin Yang. "Research on the Influence of Rectifying Orifice Plate on the Airflow Uniformity of Exhaust Hood." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 9917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14219917.

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Designing and improving collection systems for dust and toxic pollutants is crucial for improving the safety and indoor air quality of laboratory buildings. Push–pull ventilation systems with uniformly distributed parallel airflow have been proven to be of great help in this task. Designing exhaust hoods with parallel airflow distribution can effectively enhance the airflow uniformity of push–pull ventilation systems, especially when combining it with the implementation of rectifying orifice plates on the exhaust hoods. Therefore, this study combines a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and experimental approach to analyze the influence of key factors that lead to improvements in the airflow uniformity through the use of rectifying orifice plates, namely the aperture and porosity, as well as the number of rectifying orifice plates on the airflow uniformity of exhaust hoods. The study shows the following: (1) The aperture of the rectifying orifice plate considerably affects the airflow uniformity of the exhaust hood. Specifically, near the exhaust hood outlet, the airflow uniformity is negatively correlated with the aperture; conversely, near the exhaust hood inlet, the airflow uniformity is positively correlated with the aperture. (2) A rectifying orifice plate with a porosity of 35.43% can effectively improve the airflow uniformity of the exhaust hood. (3) Exhaust hoods with a double-layer rectifying orifice plate structure can improve airflow uniformity by approximately 40% compared to those with a single-layer structure. The above research results can guide the optimization of exhaust hood design to improve airflow uniformity, thereby effectively enhancing the capture efficiency of the push–pull ventilation system for dust and toxic pollutants and providing a safer environment for experimenters in laboratory buildings.

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Greco, Carlo Salvatore, Gennaro Cardone, and Julio Soria. "On the behaviour of impinging zero-net-mass-flux jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 810 (November 24, 2016): 25–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.703.

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This paper reports on an experimental study of the influence of the Strouhal number (0.011, 0.022 and 0.044) and orifice-to-plate distances (2, 4 and 6 orifice diameters) on the flow field of an impinging zero-net-mass-flux jet at a Reynolds number equal to 35 000. These jets are generated by a reciprocating piston that oscillates in a cavity behind a circular orifice. Instantaneous two-dimensional in-plane velocity fields are measured in a plane containing the orifice axis using multigrid/multipass cross-correlation digital particle image velocimetry. These measurements have been used to investigate the mean flow quantities and turbulent statistics of the impinging zero-net-mass-flux jets. In addition, the vortex ring behaviour is analysed via its trajectory and azimuthal vorticity as well as the saddle point excursion, the flow rate and entrainment. The behaviour of all these quantities depends on the Strouhal number and the orifice-to-plate distance because the former governs the presence and the relative importance of the vortex ring and the trailing jet on the flow field and the latter delimits the downstream evolution of these structures.

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Quaroni, Luca Nicola, Simon Rampnoux, Islam Ramadan, Stefano Malavasi, and Emmanuel Perrey-Debain. "Experimental investigation of multimodal noise generation by ducted low Mach number flows through orifice plates." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 5 (2022): 2982–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015197.

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Noise generation by low Mach number air flows through circular orifices in rectangular ducts is investigated. In particular, the influence of the number and position of the orifices maintaining a constant flow area is addressed. A review of the available theories suggests a certain importance of such parameters in the excitation of higher-order acoustic duct modes. A qualitative coefficient is proposed for a first characterization of the ability to enhance or lessen a given higher-order acoustic mode by the plate geometry. An experimental campaign is performed to measure the total emitted acoustic power by different plate geometries as well as its modal composition. It is found that the orifices' numbers and positions greatly influence the acoustic emissions while the flow pressure drop caused by the obstacles is similar. The proposed qualitative coefficient shows good agreement with the experimental results. A particle image velocimetry measurement campaign is performed to visualize the near-field average flow behavior upstream and downstream of the orifice plates. An increase in the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the vicinity of the orifices is observed on both sides, further validating previous studies on the subject.

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Annaja, Fabil Quina, and Suka Handaja. "Penggunaan Daniel Senior Orifice Dual Chamber Pada Meter Lean Gas 303-B di PT. Energi Nusantara Perkasa." Journal of Instrumentation and Hardware 1, no. 2 (2024): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53026/inhardware.v1i2.15.

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PT Energi Nusantara Perkasa, perusahaan kilang LPG yang bergerak dibidang sumber daya alam berupa gas alam memiliki 2 bagian proses pada kegiatan bisnisnya, salah satunya adalah proses pengukuran. Pengukuran gas menggunakan Meter Regulating System yang menggunakan meter orifice sebagai main meternya. Pada orifice terdapat beberapa fitting yang digunakan untuk penggunaanya, salah satu manfaat dari fitting orifice adalah sebagai pengatur aliran. Orifice fitting digunakan untuk pengatur aliran dengan cara mengganti orifice plate dengan ukuran lubang yang berbeda sesuai dengan kebutuhan system. Orifice fitting yang digunakan menggunakan senior orifice fitting yang memiliki fungsi dual chamber atau dalam artian senior orifice ini memiliki dua ruang. Dual chamber ini mengacu pada penggunaannya juga sebagai kelebihannnya, yaitu fitting jenis ini pelapasan dan pemasangan plate orificenya dapat dilakukan dalam keaadan pipa bertekanan, artinya dapat dilakukan tanpa menggangu jalannya proses. Sehingga dalam hal ini juga dapat mendukung proses pemeliharaan tanpa menggangu jalannya proses.

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Song, Wen-wu, Li-chao Wei, Jie Fu, Jian-wei Shi, Xiu-xin Yang, and Qian-yu Xu. "Analysis and control of flow at suction connection in high-speed centrifugal pump." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (2017): 168781401668529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016685293.

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The backflow vortexes at the suction connection in high-speed centrifugal pumps have negative effect on the flow field. Setting an orifice plate in front of the inducer is able to decrease the negative effect caused by backflow vortexes. The traditional plate is able to partially control the backflow vortexes, but a small part of the vortex is still in the inlet and the inducer. Four new types of orifice plates were created, and the control effects on backflow vortexes were analyzed. The ANSYS-CFX software was used to numerically simulate a high-speed centrifugal pump. The variations of streamline and velocity vectors at the suction connection were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of these plates on the impeller pressure and the internal flow field of the inducer were analyzed. Numerically, simulation and experimental data analysis methods were used to compare the head and efficiency of the high-speed pumps. The results show that the C-type orifice plate can improve the backflow vortex, reduce the low-pressure area, and improve the hydraulic performance of the high-speed pump.

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Jacob, Arun, KA Shafi, and KE Reby Roy. "Enhancement of heat transfer in a synthetic jet actuated by piston cylinder." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 9 (2021): 168781402110491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211049139.

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Modern electronics demand more powerful cooling systems due to an increase in heat dissipation. The traditional cooling techniques reached their limit and the synthetic jet impingement arises as a promising method for cooling of modern electronic systems. This paper presents the experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of a synthetic jet. The synthetic jet is driven by a piston actuator. The effects of dimensionless parameters like the distance between the orifice and heater plate (Z/D), the ratio of stroke length to diameter of orifice ( L/D), Stokes number, and Reynolds number are discussed. The effect of orifice geometry, number of orifices are also presented. The results indicate that the Z/D and Stokes number have a significant influence on the heat transfer rate. As the Stokes number increases the heat transfer increases due to an increase in axial momentum and turbulence in the flow direction. For circular orifice and at high Z/D, the L/D ratio should be higher for better heat transfer. Rectangular orifice performs better than square and circular geometries. When compared to single jet multiple jets have a higher heat transfer rate. Maximum and minimum values of normalized pressure ( Pnr) are achieved for high Stokes number and smaller areas of the orifice.

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37

Medeiros, Alberto Kennedy de Almeida, Jeffersson Fernandes de Lima, Gilson Gomes de Medeiros, Nivaldo Ferreira da Silva Junior, Raimundo Nonato B. Felipe, and Renata Carla Tavares dos Santos Felipe. "Parameters for dimensional inspection of orifice plates and roughness of the straight stretches of the tubing." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, spe (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000200002.

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According to the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Petroleum and Natural Gas (approved in 2000 by ANP - the Petroleum National Agency of Brazil), the systems of measurement of natural gas should use ultra-sonic flow meters, turbines and, especially, the orifice plates, which represent the most expressive base of the flow systems, being used in the fiscal and operational measurements. This work aims to evaluate the parameters that should be accounted for during the dimensional inspection of orifice plate and roughness of the straight stretches of the tubing used for measurement of natural gas, with the objective of guiding the responsible professionals for the measurement of volumes of natural gas by orifice plate, as well as the professionals of calibration laboratories. In this work, minimum specifications are recommended, irrespective of the pressure tapping or orifice type, in agreement with the norms ISO, AGA and the ANP regulations. The influence of these specifications on the parameters used in the calculation of the volumetric flow is also analyzed.

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38

Akhyan, Amnur, and Fadhli Fadhli. "Pengaruh Variasi Tebal Orifice dan Bilangan Reynolds (Re) terhadap Penurunan Tekanan (Pressure Drop) pada Entrance Region." Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan 4, no. 2 (2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v4i2.16154.

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Orifice is a device that is placed in a pipe flow to inhibit the flow of fluid and cause a pressure drop. The measurement of the flow rate (flow rate) is obtained from the difference in pressure due to the pressure drop. In this study, it analyzed the influence of differences in plate orifice thickness variations used ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm thick with variations in increments every 0.5 mm with an orifice center hole diameter of 1.5 cm. Orifice placement is placed in an area whose speed profile is still changing or called the entrance region with a pipe diameter used 2.54 cm (1 Inch) diameter in the pipe. Then along the entrance area are paired 12 piezometer points along 75 cm with a position of laying 6 piezometer points before the orifice valve and 6 piezometer points after the orifice valve and in this experiment set the Re value to 3 Variations of Re, namely Re 1: 9784.5; Re2: 14647.5; Re 3: 19510.45 and this experiment was carried out at a temperature of 27 °C. In this study, the results were obtained for the highest irrecoverable pressure drop value located in the flow discharge with Re 19510.45 and at the thickness of the plate orifice 4 mm with an irrecoverable pressure drop value of 3033.01 Pa and while for the lowest irrecoverable pressure drop value, it was located in the flow discharge with a value of Re 9784.5 at an orifice plate thickness of 2 mm with an irrecoverable pressure drop value of 548.26 Pa. The highest discharge of coefficient (Cd) value lies in the flow discharge with a value of Re 14647.5 at the plate orifice thickness of 3.5 with a Cd value of 0.718 and while for the lowest discharge of coefficient (Cd) value lies in the flow discharge with Re 14647.5 with an orifice plate thickness of 2 mm with a Cd value of 0.609.

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39

Garimella, Suresh V., and Vincent P. Schroeder. "Local Heat Transfer Distributions in Confined Multiple Air Jet Impingement." Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, no. 3 (2000): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1371923.

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Heat transfer from a discrete heat source to multiple, normally impinging, confined air jets was experimentally investigated. The jets issued from short, square-edged orifices with still-developing velocity profiles on to a foil heat source which produced a constant heat flux. The orifice plate and the surface containing the heat source were mounted opposite each other in a parallel-plates arrangement to effect radial outflow of the spent fluid. The local surface temperature was measured in fine increments over the entire heat source. Experiments were conducted for different jet Reynolds numbers (5000<Re<20,000), orifice-to-target spacing 0.5<H/d<4, and multiple-orifice arrangements. The results are compared to those previously obtained for single air jets. A reduction in orifice-to-target spacing was found to increase the heat transfer coefficient in multiple jets, with this effect being stronger at the higher Reynolds numbers. With a nine-jet arrangement, the heat transfer to the central jet was higher than for a corresponding single jet. For a four-jet arrangement, however, each jet was found to have stagnation-region heat transfer coefficients that were comparable to the single-jet values. The effectiveness of single and multiple jets in removing heat from a given heat source is compared at a fixed total flow rate. Predictive correlations are proposed for single and multiple jet impingement heat transfer.

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40

Sharma, M. P., and C. T. Crowe. "Application of Computer Modeling in the Design of a Multiphase Flow Metering System." Journal of Fluids Engineering 111, no. 2 (1989): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243621.

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Two numerical models (CONVAS and PSI-Cell) for analyzing steady non-equilibrium gas-particle flow through a venturi and an orifice plate are discussed. These models are validated by comparing the predictions with experimental data. Utilizing these models, parametric curves for venturis and orifice plates have been generated. Using these curves a methodology has been outlined for designing a two-phase mass flowmeter.

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41

Su, Tianxi, Yongzhi Ma, Baolin Wang, Xiaowen Luan, Hui Li, and Xuelong Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Airflow Organization in Vulcanization Tanks for Waste Tires." Polymers 17, no. 2 (2025): 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020232.

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Currently, in the domestic practice of retreading tires using vulcanization tanks, some tanks exhibit uneven temperature distributions leading to low retreading success rates. To address that, this paper simulated the temperature and velocity fields during the heating process of vulcanization tanks for waste tire retreading. The results indicated that a higher heating power reduces the time required for the vulcanizing agent to reach the vulcanization condition, but it also increases the difference in tire temperature in the tank, with a severely uneven distribution of the temperature field. Subsequently, to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution and enhance the retreading rate of waste tires, this paper proposed two types of orifice plates to adjust the airflow organization. The results show that both the plain orifice plate and the frustum cone orifice plate can enhance the uniformity of the temperature field within the vulcanization tank and reduce the temperature difference between tires. Moreover, at the same heating power, the presence of the orifice plates increases the rate of temperature increase in the tires and the vulcanizing agent compared to the original vulcanization tank, improving the thermal efficiency of the vulcanization tank heater.

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Li, Lin, Sheng Jin, and Zhao Liang Bai. "Influence Experiment for the Spacing Distance of Orifice Plates to Local Resistance Coefficient in the Pressure Delivery Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1092.

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In order to research the influence rule of the spacing distance between orifice plates to the local resistance coefficient and total local water head losses , carried out the experiment research through set the two different relative distance of orifice plates in the pressure delivery pipeline. The experimental results showed that: When the relative distance, the results of total local water head losses calculated by the traditional hydraulics formula with the real measured data, the maximal relative error was less than 3%. This shown that when the relative distance was big, it was no necessary to consider the influence of the relative distance between orifice plates. However, when the relative distance, the real measured data of the total local water losses was much smaller than the calculated data by the traditional calculation formula, the maximal relative error was reached 239.5%. It was explained that when the relative distance was relative small, existed the adjoining influence between orifice plates, so the total local water losses by the multi-orifice plates was not equal to the sum of each water head loss by the single orifice plate, and the total local head loss was not necessarily increased with the number of orifice plates increasing. Whether or not the increasing total local water head losses was closely related with the relative distance of the orifice plates. The traditional local water head loss calculation formula in the hydraulics should be corrected and modified.

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43

TALAPATI, RAVIKUMAR J., and NAVEEN HIREMATH. "Optimization of thermal characteristics of axisymmetric synthetic air jet impingement on flat surface." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 16, no. 3 (2022): 9129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.16.3.2022.14.0723.

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The local heat transfer of axisymmetric synthetic air jet impinging on flat surface is investigated experimentally. Acoustic speaker is used for generation of synthetic air jet with cavity of cylindrical shape.The experiments is conducted for actuator frequency ranging from 50Hz to 400Hz, orifice diameter 2mm to 10mm, orifice plate thickness 2mm to 10mm, cavity diameter 50mm to 75mm, cavity depth 30mm to 60mm, jet to plate distance 16mm to 112mm. A steady heat flow is maintained on the flat surface. Local heat transfer characteristics on flat surface is found by thermal images using IR thermal imaging and thin foil technique.The experimental results reveals that the heat transfer is highly effected by frequency, orifice diameter, orifice plate thickness, jet to plate distance. However, cavity depth and cavity diameter has small influence on thermal performance.The higher cavity volume show more influence on heat transfer characteristics. An optimization of synthetic jet performance parameters is studied for maximum thermal performance interms of heat transfer characteristics.

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44

Bagade, V. S. "A Review of Multi-Hole Orifice Plate." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (2019): 3197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4536.

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45

Morrison, G. L., K. R. Hall, J. C. Holste, et al. "Comparison of orifice and slotted plate flowmeters." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 5, no. 2 (1994): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-5986(94)90039-6.

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46

Steven, Richard, and Andrew Hall. "Orifice plate meter wet gas flow performance." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 20, no. 4-5 (2009): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2009.07.001.

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47

Büker, Oliver, Peter Lau, and Karsten Tawackolian. "Reynolds number dependence of an orifice plate." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 30 (April 2013): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2013.01.009.

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48

Straka, M., A. Fiebach, T. Eichler, and C. Koglin. "Hybrid simulation of a segmental orifice plate." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 60 (April 2018): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.02.006.

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49

Ai, Wan-zheng, and Qi Zhou. "Hydraulic characteristics of multi-stage orifice plate." Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 19, no. 3 (2014): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12204-014-1510-x.

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50

Fling, Wayne A. "The API/GPA Orifice-Plate Data Base." Journal of Petroleum Technology 40, no. 07 (1988): 920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15393-pa.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Orifice plate'

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