Journal articles: 'Origami-based mechanism'

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Francis, K. C., J. E. Blanch, S. P. Magleby, and L. L. Howell. "Origami-like creases in sheet materials for compliant mechanism design." Mechanical Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-4-371-2013.

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Abstract. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the creasing of non-paper sheet materials, such as plastics and metals, to facilitate origami-based compliant mechanism design. Although it is anticipated that most origami-based design will result from surrogate folds (indirect methods of replacing the crease), it is valuable to provide information that may help in more direct approaches for origami-based design in materials other than paper. Planar sheets of homogeneous material are considered as they maintain the principles fundamental to origami (flat initial state, low cost, readily available). The reduced stiffness along the axis of the crease is an enabling characteristic of origami. Hence a metric based on the deformation of the crease compared to the deformation of the panels enables engineering materials to be evaluated based on their ability to achieve the "hinge-like" behavior observed in folded paper. Advantages of both high and low values of this metric are given. Testing results (hinge indexes, residual angles, localized hinge behavior and cyclic creasing to failure) are presented for various metals and polymers. This methodology and subsequent findings are provided to enable origami-based design of compliant mechanisms.

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ISHIDA, Sachiko. "Vibration-isolating Mechanism using Origami-based Deployable Structures." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 119, no. 1175 (2016): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.119.1175_554.

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Terada, Kousuke, Kota Kadoi, Sunao Tokura, Takamichi Sushida, and Ichiro Hagiwara. "The deformation mechanism on origami-based foldable structures." International Journal of Vehicle Performance 3, no. 4 (2017): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvp.2017.086911.

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Greenberg, H. C., M. L. Gong, S. P. Magleby, and L. L. Howell. "Identifying links between origami and compliant mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2011): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-2-217-2011.

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Abstract. Origami is the art of folding paper. In the context of engineering, orimimetics is the application of folding to solve problems. Kinetic origami behavior can be modeled with the pseudo-rigid-body model since the origami are compliant mechanisms. These compliant mechanisms, when having a flat initial state and motion emerging out of the fabrication plane, are classified as lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs). To demonstrate the feasibility of identifying links between origami and compliant mechanism analysis and design methods, four flat folding paper mechanisms are presented with their corresponding kinematic and graph models. Principles from graph theory are used to abstract the mechanisms to show them as coupled, or inter-connected, mechanisms. It is anticipated that this work lays a foundation for exploring methods for LEM synthesis based on the analogy between flat-folding origami models and linkage assembly.

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Yasuda, Hiromi, Yasuhiro Miyazawa, Efstathios G. Charalampidis, Christopher Chong, Panayotis G. Kevrekidis, and Jinkyu Yang. "Origami-based impact mitigation via rarefaction solitary wave creation." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaau2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2835.

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The principles underlying the art of origami paper folding can be applied to design sophisticated metamaterials with unique mechanical properties. By exploiting the flat crease patterns that determine the dynamic folding and unfolding motion of origami, we are able to design an origami-based metamaterial that can form rarefaction solitary waves. Our analytical, numerical, and experimental results demonstrate that this rarefaction solitary wave overtakes initial compressive strain waves, thereby causing the latter part of the origami structure to feel tension first instead of compression under impact. This counterintuitive dynamic mechanism can be used to create a highly efficient—yet reusable—impact mitigating system without relying on material damping, plasticity, or fracture.

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Sun, Chong, Wenya Wan, and Lisheng Deng. "Adaptive space debris capture approach based on origami principle." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 172988141988521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419885219.

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Space debris capture is the base of the on-orbit servicing and space debris removal. Due to the lack of fixed grasping points and the uncertainty of motion parameters, the traditional spacecraft manipulator approach cannot be applied in the space debris capture. In this article, a novel adaptive capture approach based on origami principle is developed. Main advantages of the proposed method are as follows: (1) it can capture target without fixed points. Through multimodule unfolding, the capture mechanism can form a suitable configuration for the space debris, restrict its motion, and capture it. (2) As the caging configuration of the capture device can be changed through different module unfolding, it can satisfy different size of the space target. (3) It can save the launch space of the capture mechanism. The multimodule capture mechanism has small volume after folding, which can greatly save the storage space in launch stage. The structure of the capture mechanism based on origami principle is developed, and the grasping configuration design is proposed for different size of the space debris target. In addition, considering the disturbance in process of capture is nonlinear and is hard to obtain accurately, a novel extended state observer-based sliding control is developed for the capture process control. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the control algorithm.

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Saito, Kazuya, Akira Tsukahara, and Yoji Okabe. "Designing of self-deploying origami structures using geometrically misaligned crease patterns." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2185 (January 2016): 20150235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0235.

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Usually, origami-based morphing structures are designed on the premise of ‘rigid folding’, i.e. the facets and fold lines of origami can be replaced with rigid panels and ideal hinges, respectively. From a structural mechanics viewpoint, some rigid-foldable origami models are overconstrained and have negative degrees of freedom (d.f.). In these cases, the singularity in crease patterns guarantees their rigid foldability. This study presents a new method for designing self-deploying origami using the geometrically misaligned creases. In this method, some facets are replaced by ‘holes’ such that the systems become a 1-d.f. mechanism. These perforated origami models can be folded and unfolded similar to rigid-foldable (without misalignment) models because of their d.f. focusing on the removed facets, the holes will deform according to the motion of the frame of the remaining parts. In the proposed method, these holes are filled with elastic parts and store elastic energy for self-deployment. First, a new extended rigid-folding simulation technique is proposed to estimate the deformation of the holes. Next, the proposed method is applied on arbitrary-size quadrilateral mesh origami. Finally, by using the finite-element method, the authors conduct numerical simulations and confirm the deployment capabilities of the models.

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Tanaka, Kenta, Yusuke Kamotani, and Yasuyoshi Yokokohji. "Origami Folding by a Robotic Hand." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 4 (August 20, 2008): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0550.

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Dexterous manipulation by a robotic hand is a difficult problem involving (1) how to design a robot that gives the capability to achieve the task and (2) how to control the designed robot to actually conduct the task. In this paper, we take a task-oriented approach called “task capture” to construct a dexterous robot hand system. Before designing the robot, we analyze how a human being conducts the task, focusing on how the target object is manipulated rather than trying to imitate human finger movement. Based on the captured task, we design a robot that manipulates an object in the same way as a human being may do, with a mechanism as simple as possible, rather than concerning human appearance. As a target task, we choose origami paper folding. We first analyze the difficulty of origami manipulation and design a robotic mechanism that folds an origami form, the Tadpole, based on the proposed approach. The proof of how well the “task capture” approach works is demonstrated by a simple robot we developed, which folds a Tadpole consecutively.

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Lee, Dae-Young, Jae-Kyeong Kim, Chang-Young Sohn, Jeong-Mu Heo, and Kyu-Jin Cho. "High–load capacity origami transformable wheel." Science Robotics 6, no. 53 (April 7, 2021): eabe0201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abe0201.

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Composite membrane origami has been an efficient and effective method for constructing transformable mechanisms while considerably simplifying their design, fabrication, and assembly; however, its limited load-bearing capability has restricted its application potential. With respect to wheel design, membrane origami offers unique benefits compared with its conventional counterparts, such as simple fabrication, high weight-to-payload ratio, and large shape variation, enabling softness and flexibility in a kinematic mechanism that neutralizes joint distortion and absorbs shocks from the ground. Here, we report a transformable wheel based on membrane origami capable of bearing more than a 10-kilonewton load. To achieve a high payload, we adopt a thick membrane as an essential element and introduce a wireframe design rule for thick membrane accommodation. An increase in the thickness can cause a geometric conflict for the facet and the membrane, but the excessive strain energy accumulation is unique to the thickness increase of the membrane. Thus, the design rules for accommodating membrane thickness aim to address both geometric and physical characteristics, and these rules are applied to basic origami patterns to obtain the desired wheel shapes and transformation. The capability of the resulting wheel applied to a passenger vehicle and validated through a field test. Our study shows that membrane origami can be used for high-payload applications.

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Bae, Seung-Yong, Je-Sung Koh, and Gwang-Pil Jung. "A Miniature Flapping Mechanism Using an Origami-Based Spherical Six-Bar Pattern." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041515.

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In this paper, we suggest a novel transmission for the DC motor-based flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles (FWMAVs). Most DC motor-based FWMAVs employ linkage structures, such as a crank-rocker or a crank-slider, which are designed to transmit the motor’s rotating motion to the wing’s flapping motion. These transmitting linkages have shown successful performance; however, they entail the possibility of mechanical wear originating from the friction between relative moving components and require an onerous assembly process owing to several tiny components. To reduce the assembly process and wear problems, we present a geometrically constrained and origami-based spherical six-bar linkage. The origami-based fabrication method reduces the number of the relative moving components by replacing rigid links and pin joints with facets and folding joints, which shortens the assembly process and reduces friction between components. The constrained spherical six-bar linkage enables us to change the motor’s rotating motion to the linear reciprocating motion. Due to the property that every axis passes through a single central point, the motor’s rotating motion is filtered at the spherical linkage and does not transfer to the flapping wing. Only linear motion, therefore, is passed to the flapping wing. To show the feasibility of the idea, a prototype is fabricated and analyzed by measuring the flapping angle, the wing rotation angle and the thrust.

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Wu, Weina, and Zhong You. "Modelling rigid origami with quaternions and dual quaternions." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2119 (February 24, 2010): 2155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0625.

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This paper examines the mathematical modelling of rigid origami, a type of origami where all the panels are rigid and can only rotate about crease lines. The rotating vector model is proposed, which establishes the loop-closure conditions among a group of characteristic vectors. By building up an explicit relationship between the single-vertex origami and the spherical linkage mechanism, the rotating vector model can conveniently and directly describe arbitrary three-dimensional configurations and can detect some self-intersection. Quaternion and dual quaternion are then employed to represent the origami model, based on which two numerical methods have been developed. Through examples, it has been shown that the first method can effectively track the entire rigid-folding procedure of an initially flat or a non-flat pattern with a single vertex or multiple vertices, and thereby provide judgment for its rigid foldability and flat foldability. Furthermore, its ability to rule out some self-intersecting configurations during folding is illustrated in detail, leading to its ability of checking rigid foldability in a more or less sufficient way. The second method is especially for analysing the multi-vertex origami. It can also effectively track the trajectories of multiple vertices during folding.

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Andrews, David W., Spencer P. Magleby, and Larry L. Howell. "Thickness-utilizing deployable hard stops for origami-based design applications." Mechanical Sciences 11, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-395-2020.

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Abstract. This work develops and presents design concepts and models of thickness-utilizing deployable hard stops (ThUDS) which can be incorporated into origami-based design applications to provide stability in specific fold states. A ThUDS, like a lamina-emergent mechanism, emerges from a flat state and can reside within a sheet. A variety of planar and spherical ThUDS configurations are developed and presented, using diagrams, equations, and prototypes. Examples of ThUDS applications are given and attributes are discussed. Considerations for the design of a ThUDS are discussed. This work outlines how a ThUDS can maintain foldability while improving stability and utilizing thickness. Parameter values for prototypes are also given for reader reproduction.

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Yang, Shuai, Qiong Wu, and Boyan Chang. "Design and development characteristics research of modular space deployable solar wing." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133602004.

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In order to solve the problems of the existing solar wing, such as complex process and obvious structural vibration. a new space deployable solar wing mechanism composed of single DOF modularization was designed. The structure and working principle of the space deployable solar wing are described, and the driving system is briefly introduced. The single module of the solar wing is divided into two parts and the kinematics equations of the kite-shaped mechanism and origami mechanism are established respectively. Secondly, the output motion rule of the bar at the end was solved when the special driving is applied to the kite-shaped mechanism. And based on this output, changed the angle of the origami mechanism’ plates and the change curve of the centre of mass and the angle between the plates is obtained. The study results show that, synthesize considering the shrinkage and the ratio of folding to span, the optimal solution is the angle of plates φ=4°. Through the above research that provide the theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of the mechanism.

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Lee, Hyeon (Ann), and Parvez Alam. "The Design of Carbon Fibre Composite Origami Airbrakes for Endeavour’s Darwin I Rocket." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5060147.

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This paper concerns the conceptual design of a carbon fibre composite airbrake intended for use on the Endeavour Darwin I rocket. The airbrake design is based on a Flasher origami model and we research its actuation mechanism, its ability to increase drag, and its mechanical behaviour when actuated. The aim of this work was to improve upon the current ‘Pancake’ airbrake model and we find that the origami Flasher generates six times more drag at a given torque. The Flasher is designed to be built of quasi-isotropic CFRP resting on a carbon fibre woven membrane. When subjected to distributed loads from drag, the Flasher presses into the membrane material causing it to stress at levels of 1.4 GPa. Taking into account a safety factor of 1.2 for the rocket airbrake, this stress lies far below the failure stress of the carbon fibre woven membrane. In this work, the composite Flasher origami airbrake design offers improvements in drag and weight reduction, and will withstand drag forces when actuated.

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Ketterer, Philip, Elena M. Willner, and Hendrik Dietz. "Nanoscale rotary apparatus formed from tight-fitting 3D DNA components." Science Advances 2, no. 2 (February 2016): e1501209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501209.

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We report a nanoscale rotary mechanism that reproduces some of the dynamic properties of biological rotary motors in the absence of an energy source, such as random walks on a circle with dwells at docking sites. Our mechanism is built modularly from tight-fitting components that were self-assembled using multilayer DNA origami. The apparatus has greater structural complexity than previous mechanically interlocked objects and features a well-defined angular degree of freedom without restricting the range of rotation. We studied the dynamics of our mechanism using single-particle experiments analogous to those performed previously with actin-labeled adenosine triphosphate synthases. In our mechanism, rotor mobility, the number of docking sites, and the dwell times at these sites may be controlled through rational design. Our prototype thus realizes a working platform toward creating synthetic nanoscale rotary motors. Our methods will support creating other complex nanoscale mechanisms based on tightly fitting, sterically constrained, but mobile, DNA components.

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Ramm, Beatrice, Andriy Goychuk, Alena Khmelinskaia, Philipp Blumhardt, Hiromune Eto, Kristina A. Ganzinger, Erwin Frey, and Petra Schwille. "A diffusiophoretic mechanism for ATP-driven transport without motor proteins." Nature Physics 17, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01213-3.

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AbstractThe healthy growth and maintenance of a biological system depends on the precise spatial organization of molecules within the cell through the dissipation of energy. Reaction–diffusion mechanisms can facilitate this organization, as can directional cargo transport orchestrated by motor proteins, by relying on specific protein interactions. However, transport of material through the cell can also be achieved by active processes based on non-specific, purely physical mechanisms, a phenomenon that remains poorly explored. Here, using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we discover and describe a hidden function of the Escherichia coli MinDE protein system: in addition to forming dynamic patterns, this system accomplishes the directional active transport of functionally unrelated cargo on membranes. Remarkably, this mechanism enables the sorting of diffusive objects according to their effective size, as evidenced using modular DNA origami–streptavidin nanostructures. We show that the diffusive fluxes of MinDE and non-specific cargo couple via density-dependent friction. This non-specific process constitutes a diffusiophoretic mechanism, as yet unknown in a cell biology setting. This nonlinear coupling between diffusive fluxes could represent a generic physical mechanism for establishing intracellular organization.

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Marcucci, Lorenzo, Hiroki Fukunaga, Toshio Yanagida, and Mitsuhiro Iwaki. "The Synergic Role of Actomyosin Architecture and Biased Detachment in Muscle Energetics: Insights in Cross Bridge Mechanism beyond the Lever-Arm Swing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137037.

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Muscle energetics reflects the ability of myosin motors to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy. How this process takes place remains one of the most elusive questions in the field. Here, we combined experimental measurements of in vitro sliding velocity based on DNA-origami built filaments carrying myosins with different lever arm length and Monte Carlo simulations based on a model which accounts for three basic components: (i) the geometrical hindrance, (ii) the mechano-sensing mechanism, and (iii) the biased kinetics for stretched or compressed motors. The model simulations showed that the geometrical hindrance due to acto-myosin spatial mismatching and the preferential detachment of compressed motors are synergic in generating the rapid increase in the ATP-ase rate from isometric to moderate velocities of contraction, thus acting as an energy-conservation strategy in muscle contraction. The velocity measurements on a DNA-origami filament that preserves the motors’ distribution showed that geometrical hindrance and biased detachment generate a non-zero sliding velocity even without rotation of the myosin lever-arm, which is widely recognized as the basic event in muscle contraction. Because biased detachment is a mechanism for the rectification of thermal fluctuations, in the Brownian-ratchet framework, we predict that it requires a non-negligible amount of energy to preserve the second law of thermodynamics. Taken together, our theoretical and experimental results elucidate less considered components in the chemo-mechanical energy transduction in muscle.

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Wu, Shuai, Qiji Ze, Jize Dai, Nupur Udipi, Glaucio H. Paulino, and Ruike Zhao. "Stretchable origami robotic arm with omnidirectional bending and twisting." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 36 (August 30, 2021): e2110023118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110023118.

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Inspired by the embodied intelligence observed in octopus arms, we introduce magnetically controlled origami robotic arms based on Kresling patterns for multimodal deformations, including stretching, folding, omnidirectional bending, and twisting. The highly integrated motion of the robotic arms is attributed to inherent features of the reconfigurable Kresling unit, whose controllable bistable deploying/folding and omnidirectional bending are achieved through precise magnetic actuation. We investigate single- and multiple-unit robotic systems, the latter exhibiting higher biomimetic resemblance to octopus’ arms. We start from the single Kresling unit to delineate the working mechanism of the magnetic actuation for deploying/folding and bending. The two-unit Kresling assembly demonstrates the basic integrated motion that combines omnidirectional bending with deploying. The four-unit Kresling assembly constitutes a robotic arm with a larger omnidirectional bending angle and stretchability. With the foundation of the basic integrated motion, scalability of Kresling assemblies is demonstrated through distributed magnetic actuation of double-digit number of units, which enables robotic arms with sophisticated motions, such as continuous stretching and contracting, reconfigurable bending, and multiaxis twisting. Such complex motions allow for functions mimicking octopus arms that grasp and manipulate objects. The Kresling robotic arm with noncontact actuation provides a distinctive mechanism for applications that require synergistic robotic motions for navigation, sensing, and interaction with objects in environments with limited or constrained access. Based on small-scale Kresling robotic arms, miniaturized medical devices, such as tubes and catheters, can be developed in conjunction with endoscopy, intubation, and catheterization procedures using functionalities of object manipulation and motion under remote control.

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Chen, Yao, Jian Feng, and Linzi Fan. "Mobility and kinematic simulations of cyclically symmetric deployable truss structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 10 (December 21, 2012): 2218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212472144.

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Based on the mechanism of four-fold rigid origami, this study proposes a type of deployable truss structures that consist of repetitive basic parts and retain full cyclic symmetry in the folding/deployment process. On the basis of the irreducible representations and the great orthogonality theorem, symmetry-adapted analysis using group theory is described to identify the symmetry of mobility and kinematic behavior. Equivalent three-dimensional pin-jointed frameworks are employed for the symmetric structures. To verify that the structures can be foldable while retaining their full symmetries, numerical simulations on a series of structures with different symmetries and geometries are carried out. An artificial damping is introduced to stabilize the nonlinear folding behavior with singularity. Symmetry-adapted mobility analysis reveals that the structures of this type can be continuously folded with one degree-of-freedoms. Numerical simulations using the nonlinear iterative method accurately predict the folding behavior, as the results agree very well with the theoretic value.

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Saran, Runjhun, Yong Wang, and Isaac T. S. Li. "Mechanical Flexibility of DNA: A Quintessential Tool for DNA Nanotechnology." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 7019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247019.

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The mechanical properties of DNA have enabled it to be a structural and sensory element in many nanotechnology applications. While specific base-pairing interactions and secondary structure formation have been the most widely utilized mechanism in designing DNA nanodevices and biosensors, the intrinsic mechanical rigidity and flexibility are often overlooked. In this article, we will discuss the biochemical and biophysical origin of double-stranded DNA rigidity and how environmental and intrinsic factors such as salt, temperature, sequence, and small molecules influence it. We will then take a critical look at three areas of applications of DNA bending rigidity. First, we will discuss how DNA’s bending rigidity has been utilized to create molecular springs that regulate the activities of biomolecules and cellular processes. Second, we will discuss how the nanomechanical response induced by DNA rigidity has been used to create conformational changes as sensors for molecular force, pH, metal ions, small molecules, and protein interactions. Lastly, we will discuss how DNA’s rigidity enabled its application in creating DNA-based nanostructures from DNA origami to nanomachines.

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Kusyairi, Imam, Moch Agus Choiron, Yudy Surya Irawan, and Helmy Mukti Himawan. "Effects of Origami Pattern Crash Box and Rectangular Pattern Crash Box on The Modelling Of MPV Car Structure on Deformation." Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v3i2.6831.

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Crash box serves as a kinetic energy absorber during collision. It has a tube shape, which is located between bumper and chasis. The crash box design requires development in order to reduce buckling mode and obtain symmetry folding mechanism, so it will achieve greater energy absortion. The researchers find a method to reduce tension due to impact by providing dents in crash box geometry. This research observed origami pattern crash box design having dents functioned as pre-folded so that collapse mode can be predicted and stable. In this research, the crash box was modeled according to the size of bumper and chassis on the MPV car. Testing simulation was performed by modelling Impactor as rigid body and crash box as flexible. Fixed support was housted in the surface of rear side of the crash box. Simulation process was started from the impactor moving to supress crash box. This Impactor collision led to deformation on the crash box. Crash box material was AA7004-T7, it was modelled as bilinier isotropic hardening. Based on the research result, the addition of pre folded pattern is able to reduce impact force at the first impact and has stable characteristic as well as predictable collapse mode.

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Gillman, Andrew, Gregory Wilson, Kazuko Fuchi, Darren Hartl, Alexander Pankonien, and Philip Buskohl. "Design of Soft Origami Mechanisms with Targeted Symmetries." Actuators 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8010003.

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The integration of soft actuating materials within origami-based mechanisms is a novel method to amplify the actuated motion and tune the compliance of systems for low stiffness applications. Origami structures provide natural flexibility given the extreme geometric difference between thickness and length, and the energetically preferred bending deformation mode can naturally be used as a form of actuation. However, origami fold patterns that are designed for specific actuation motions and mechanical loading scenarios are needed to expand the library of fold-based actuation strategies. In this study, a recently developed optimization framework for maximizing the performance of compliant origami mechanisms is utilized to discover optimal actuating fold patterns. Variant patterns are discovered through exploring different symmetries in the input and output conditions of the optimization problem. Patterns designed for twist (rotational symmetry) yield significantly better performance, in terms of both geometric advantage and energy requirements, than patterns exhibiting vertical reflection symmetries. The mechanical energy requirements for each design are analyzed and compared for both the small and large applied displacement regimes. Utilizing the patterns discovered through optimization, the multistability of the actuating arms is demonstrated empirically with a paper prototype, where the stable configurations are accessed through local vertex pop-through instabilities. Lastly, the coupled mechanics of fold networks in these actuators yield useful macroscopic motions and can achieve stable shape change through accessing the local vertex instabilities. This survey of origami mechanisms, energy comparison, and multistability characterization provides a new set of designs for future integration with soft actuating materials.

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Liu, K., and G. H. Paulino. "Nonlinear mechanics of non-rigid origami: an efficient computational approach." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2206 (October 2017): 20170348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0348.

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Origami-inspired designs possess attractive applications to science and engineering (e.g. deployable, self-assembling, adaptable systems). The special geometric arrangement of panels and creases gives rise to unique mechanical properties of origami, such as reconfigurability, making origami designs well suited for tunable structures. Although often being ignored, origami structures exhibit additional soft modes beyond rigid folding due to the flexibility of thin sheets that further influence their behaviour. Actual behaviour of origami structures usually involves significant geometric nonlinearity, which amplifies the influence of additional soft modes. To investigate the nonlinear mechanics of origami structures with deformable panels, we present a structural engineering approach for simulating the nonlinear response of non-rigid origami structures. In this paper, we propose a fully nonlinear, displacement-based implicit formulation for performing static/quasi-static analyses of non-rigid origami structures based on ‘bar-and-hinge’ models. The formulation itself leads to an efficient and robust numerical implementation. Agreement between real models and numerical simulations demonstrates the ability of the proposed approach to capture key features of origami behaviour.

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Rodrigues, Guilherme V., and Marcelo A. Savi. "Reduced-Order Model Description of Origami Stent Built with Waterbomb Pattern." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 13, no. 02 (March 2021): 2150016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825121500162.

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Origami-inspired structures have found many innovative applications in engineering fields. The expressive volume changes intrinsically related to their geometry is very useful for different purposes. Nevertheless, the mathematical description of origami structures is complex, which makes the design a challenging topic. This work deals with the use of reduce-order models for the origami description. A cylindrical origami structure with waterbomb pattern, called origami stent, is of concern. A reduced-order model (ROM) is developed based on kinematics and symmetry hypotheses. Afterward, a finite element analysis (FEA) is developed based on a nonlinear bar-and-hinge model. Numerical simulations are carried out evaluating the ROM validity range. Rigid and non-rigid situations are investigated showing that ROM is able to be employed for origami description.

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Wang, Shuang, Zhaoyu Zhou, Ningning Ma, Sichang Yang, Kai Li, Chao Teng, Yonggang Ke, and Ye Tian. "DNA Origami-Enabled Biosensors." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 6899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236899.

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Biosensors are small but smart devices responding to the external stimulus, widely used in many fields including clinical diagnosis, healthcare and environment monitoring, etc. Moreover, there is still a pressing need to fabricate sensitive, stable, reliable sensors at present. DNA origami technology is able to not only construct arbitrary shapes in two/three dimension but also control the arrangement of molecules with different functionalities precisely. The functionalization of DNA origami nanostructure endows the sensing system potential of filling in weak spots in traditional DNA-based biosensor. Herein, we mainly review the construction and sensing mechanisms of sensing platforms based on DNA origami nanostructure according to different signal output strategies. It will offer guidance for the application of DNA origami structures functionalized by other materials. We also point out some promising directions for improving performance of biosensors.

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Zhu, Yi, and Evgueni T. Filipov. "An efficient numerical approach for simulating contact in origami assemblages." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2230 (October 2019): 20190366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0366.

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Origami-inspired structures provide novel solutions to many engineering applications. The presence of self-contact within origami patterns has been difficult to simulate, yet it has significant implications for the foldability, kinematics and resulting mechanical properties of the final origami system. To open up the full potential of origami engineering, this paper presents an efficient numerical approach that simulates the panel contact in a generalized origami framework. The proposed panel contact model is based on the principle of stationary potential energy and assumes that the contact forces are conserved. The contact potential is formulated such that both the internal force vector and the stiffness matrix approach infinity as the distance between the contacting panel and node approaches zero. We use benchmark simulations to show that the model can correctly capture the kinematics and mechanics induced by contact. By tuning the model parameters accordingly, this methodology can simulate the thickness in origami. Practical examples are used to demonstrate the validity, efficiency and the broad applicability of the proposed model.

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Li, Ruixin, Haorong Chen, Hyeongwoon Lee, and Jong Hyun Choi. "Elucidating the Mechanical Energy for Cyclization of a DNA Origami Tile." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052357.

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DNA origami has emerged as a versatile method to synthesize nanostructures with high precision. This bottom-up self-assembly approach can produce not only complex static architectures, but also dynamic reconfigurable structures with tunable properties. While DNA origami has been explored increasingly for diverse applications, such as biomedical and biophysical tools, related mechanics are also under active investigation. Here we studied the structural properties of DNA origami and investigated the energy needed to deform the DNA structures. We used a single-layer rectangular DNA origami tile as a model system and studied its cyclization process. This origami tile was designed with an inherent twist by placing crossovers every 16 base-pairs (bp), corresponding to a helical pitch of 10.67 bp/turn, which is slightly different from that of native B-form DNA (~10.5 bp/turn). We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a coarse-grained model on an open-source computational platform, oxDNA. We calculated the energies needed to overcome the initial curvature and induce mechanical deformation by applying linear spring forces. We found that the initial curvature may be overcome gradually during cyclization and a total of ~33.1 kcal/mol is required to complete the deformation. These results provide insights into the DNA origami mechanics and should be useful for diverse applications such as adaptive reconfiguration and energy absorption.

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Zhang, Tao. "DNA origami-based microtubule analogue." Nanotechnology 31, no. 50 (October 9, 2020): 50LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abb395.

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Meng, Zhiqiang, Weitong Chen, Tie Mei, Yuchen Lai, Yixiao Li, and C. Q. Chen. "Bistability-based foldable origami mechanical logic gates." Extreme Mechanics Letters 43 (February 2021): 101180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2021.101180.

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Jiang, Pingting, Tianxi Jiang, and Qingbo He. "Origami-based adjustable sound-absorbing metamaterial." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 5 (April 20, 2021): 057002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abf420.

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Fang, Hairong, Yuefa Fang, and Ketao Zhang. "Kinematics and workspace analysis of a novel 3-DOF parallel manipulator with virtual symmetric plane." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 3 (October 11, 2012): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212462947.

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This article presents a novel 3-DOF parallel manipulator extracted from an origami fold in the context of mechanisms. The parallel manipulator consists of a base, a platform and four chain-legs that connect the platform to base through revolute joints. Each chain-leg contains a closed-loop sub-chain, which is spherical 6R linkage with symmetrical angle lengths. The geometry of the parallel manipulator is revealed according to the configuration design and specifics of the origami fold. This leads to unravelling of the symmetric plane which is determined by the common points of spherical 6R linkages in the four chain-legs. Based on geometric approach, the solutions for both inverse and forward kinematics are derived and the reachable workspace is then analyzed.

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Zhou, Lifeng, Hai-Jun Su, Alexander E. Marras, Chao-Min Huang, and Carlos E. Castro. "Projection kinematic analysis of DNA origami mechanisms based on a two-dimensional TEM image." Mechanism and Machine Theory 109 (March 2017): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2016.11.010.

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Cambonie, Tristan, and Emmanuel Gourdon. "Innovative origami-based solutions for enhanced quarter-wavelength resonators." Journal of Sound and Vibration 434 (November 2018): 379–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.07.029.

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George, Derosh, Marc J. Madou, and Edwin A. Peraza Hernandez. "Programmable self-foldable films for origami-based manufacturing." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 025012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abd004.

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Zhang, Cheng, Qingsheng Yang, and Ran Tao. "Origami-based metamaterial with switchable abnormal expansion function." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 7 (May 20, 2021): 075004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abff17.

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Jungmann, Ralf, Max Scheible, Anton Kuzyk, Günther Pardatscher, Carlos E. Castro, and Friedrich C. Simmel. "DNA origami-based nanoribbons: assembly, length distribution, and twist." Nanotechnology 22, no. 27 (May 20, 2011): 275301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/27/275301.

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Yu, Meng, Weimin Yang, Yuan Yu, Xiang Cheng, and Zhiwei Jiao. "A Crawling Soft Robot Driven by Pneumatic Foldable Actuators Based on Miura-Ori." Actuators 9, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9020026.

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Origami structures are highly demanded for engineering applications. Using origami folding to design and actuate mechanisms and machines offers attractive opportunities. In this paper, we design a crawling robot driven by pneumatic foldable actuators (PFAs) based on Miura-ori, according to the parallel foldable structure and different control patterns, which can perform different movements. The PFA inspired from Miura-ori is composed of a folding part, transition part, and sealing part, made by flexible materials and a paper skeleton. This actuator can obtain a large deformation by folding under negative pressure due to its own characteristics, and the relationship between deformation and pressure is analyzed. According to the different folding and unfolding times of left and right actuators, the crawling robot can perform both linear and turning movements. The speed of the robot is about 5 mm/s and it can turn at a speed of about 15°/s. The crawling robot uses the ability of the foldable structure to cope with the challenges of different environments and tasks.

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Wang, Lijun, Kazuya Saito, You Gotou, and Yoji Okabe. "Design and fabrication of aluminum honeycomb structures based on origami technology." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 1224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217714646.

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Aluminum alloy honeycomb structures were designed based on origami technology, and the specimens were fabricated by a new fabrication technology (i.e. a press and folding process). In folding process, a new folding device was successfully developed to achieve automatic fabrication of honeycomb structure. To prove the practicability of developed device, the honeycomb cores with claws were fabricated by this device, which were used to compare the mechanical properties with that bonded by common adhesive. The deformation behaviors and mechanical properties of honeycomb structures were investigated by the flatwise compressive test and three-point bending test. The load–displacement curve obtained at the room temperature showed that the load increased to a peak value and then tended rapidly to a constant. Besides, the deformation process approximately categorized into three zones, namely linear-elastic zone, plastic-plateau zone, and densification zone. The experimental results suggested that regardless of specimen type, the bending stiffness and compressive strengths were approximately 0.32 KN·m2and 0.39 MPa, respectively; revealing the bonded method by aluminum claws did not dramatically affect the mechanical properties of honeycomb structure. Moreover, the elastic deformation of honeycomb structure was numerically studied by the finite element analysis.

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Schulman, Samuel, and Xin Ning. "A geometry-based framework for modeling the complexity of origami folding." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 11, no. 3 (March 2021): 100241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2021.100241.

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Cai, Jianguo, Xiaowei Deng, Yixiang Xu, and Jian Feng. "Geometry and Motion Analysis of Origami-Based Deployable Shelter Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 10 (October 2015): 06015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001238.

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Zhang, Jianjun, Dora Karagiozova, Zhong You, Yan Chen, and Guoxing Lu. "Quasi-static large deformation compressive behaviour of origami-based metamaterials." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 153-154 (April 2019): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.01.044.

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Gustafson, Kim, Oyuna Angatkina, and Aimy Wissa. "Model-based design of a multistable origami-enabled crawling robot." Smart Materials and Structures 29, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 015013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab52c5.

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Ario, Ichiro, and Masatoshi Nakazawa. "Non-linear dynamic behaviour of multi-folding microstructure systems based on origami skill." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 45, no. 4 (May 2010): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.11.010.

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Jianguo, Cai, Deng Xiaowei, and Feng Jian. "Morphology analysis of a foldable kirigami structure based on Miura origami." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 9 (August 11, 2014): 094011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/094011.

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Zhang, Tianhao, Ken'ichi Kawaguchi, and Minger Wu. "A folding analysis method for origami based on the frame with kinematic indeterminacy." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 146-147 (October 2018): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.07.036.

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Sargent, Brandon, Nathan Brown, Brian D. Jensen, Spencer P. Magleby, William G. Pitt, and Larry L. Howell. "Heat set creases in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets to enable origami-based applications." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 115047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab49df.

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Gillman, A., K. Fuchi, and P. R. Buskohl. "Truss-based nonlinear mechanical analysis for origami structures exhibiting bifurcation and limit point instabilities." International Journal of Solids and Structures 147 (August 2018): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.05.011.

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Qiu, Lifang, Yue Yu, and Yuansong Liu. "Design and analysis of Lamina Emergent Joint (LEJ) based on origami technology and mortise-tenon structure." Mechanism and Machine Theory 160 (June 2021): 104298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2021.104298.

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Zhang, Wei, Saad Ahmed, Sarah Masters, Zoubeida Ounaies, and Mary Frecker. "Finite element analysis of electroactive polymer and magnetoactive elastomer based actuation for origami folding." Smart Materials and Structures 26, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 105032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aa7a82.

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Liu, Zuolin, Hongbin Fang, Jian Xu, and K. W. Wang. "A novel origami mechanical metamaterial based on Miura-variant designs: exceptional multistability and shape reconfigurability." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 8 (July 7, 2021): 085029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac0d0f.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Origami-based mechanism'

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